Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Révolution économique'
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Bouallegue, Olfa. "Analyse économique des révolutions : Cas de la révolution Tunisienne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD020/document.
Full textRevolution, which embodies major turns in the course of history, has for a long time been a social study subject. With the coming of the school of public choice in the 1960's, a new economic current helped to undestand revolution. Many economists such as: James M. Buchanan (1962), Gordon Tullock (1971-1974) and John E. Romer (1985) have applied economic theory to social and political science using tools developed by microeconomy. The goal of my research paper is to highlight the contribution of economic theory in the understanding of revolution. I have first drawn a line between two approaches that have studied revolution: The sociological approach which mainly explains why do people revolt when they are faced with structural imbalances. The economic approach which uses the theory of rational choice to demonstrate how people choose to be passive when they are confronted with a revolution
Hénochsberg, Michel. "Etudes sur la motricité en économie : révolution industrielle, accumulation et concurrence." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100046.
Full textGarate, Emmanuel. "La Révolution économique au Chili : à la recherche de l'utopie néo-conservatrice (1973-2003)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0161.
Full textThis thesis deal with two fundamentals questions regarding Chile's recent past. The first one is the profound economical and social transformation Iived between 1973 and 2003, that is to say the period that includes the military regime and the first three governments of the democratic transition. The second one refers to the evolution of the liberal economical thought in Chile, and the rising of a new entrepreneurial elite formed at the image of the neoclassical economists discourse. To situate the deepness of the changes that occurred in the country since 1973, the research goes back to the beginnings of the XIXth century when arrive to Chile the first ideas on economical liberalism, as well as the 1930 decade when the model of the «State of Compromise » is sealed. However, the analysis is centered on the origins and development of the « Chicago Boys» as managers of Chile's economical transformation understood as a different type of violence and the important changes produced inside the leading elite of the country (1973-2003). Finally, the thesis examines the uses of the recent past in the strategies of power and the representations of the new elite concerning the imaginaries of a society articulated around a free market model
Garate, Emmanuel. "« La “Révolution économique” au Chili. A la recherche de l'utopie néoconservatrice 1973-2003 »." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565323.
Full textFlacher, David. "Révolutions industrielles, croissance et nouvelles formes de consommation." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090010.
Full textMarouane, Amine. "Modélisation stock-flux de l'économie tunisienne : analyse des chocs de la crise économique et de la révolution." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40062.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to model the Tunisian economy in a post Keynesian stock-flow consistent approach in order to provide an analysis of the observed stylized facts since 2001. This kind of post Keynesian macroeconomic model retains not only the stock dimension but also the flow dimension of the Tunisian economy. Thus it is a new framework for analyzing the effects of the financial and economic crisis of 2007-2008 and economic consequences resulting from the recent Tunisian revolution of 2011. Six sectors make our economy: households, firms, banks, central bank, government and the rest of the world. The rest of the world represents the European Union given the strong dependence of the Tunisian economy on European economies. In order to explain the trend of the Tunisian GDP, four shocks are considered namely the impact on the growth rate in European Union to take into account the global crisis, the changes in interest rate and exchange rate to explain the impact of monetary policy and the response of fiscal policy and finally the shock in the state of confidence and productivity to understand the effects of the economic crisis during the Tunisian revolution. These four shocks have allowed us to reproduce the stylized facts of the Tunisian economy and understand the effects of the crisis of the last decade. Then we consider three scenarios for the Tunisian economy: an optimistic scenario, a pessimistic scenario and intermediate scenario
Rochet, Claude. "L'innovation, une affaire d'Etat? : piloter la réforme face à la troisième révolution industrielle." Phd thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00070834.
Full textThe main hypothesis of this research relies on the discrepancy between the evolution of the state and that of the other components of the socio-economic system as a factor of nations competitiveness. By adopting an evolutionist and historical perspective, the state is analyzed as an actor of the nations' evolution in their ability to absorb technological progress. The framework relies on the northian distinction between organizations and institutions, focusing on innovation's dynamics within public institutions and organizations. Both are analyzed as adaptive systems co-evolving in two temporal dimensions: the braudelian long-term since the Renaissance, and the present short-term of the information technologies revolution. The first part focuses on innovation as a socio-economic process stepping from disruption to continuities. Chapter I put in perspective the evolution of the state and of the technology. Chapter II analyzes what is at stake with the information technologies revolution. Chapter III assesses the role of the state and its evolution in the history of Great Britain and the US. The second part studies what are the possibilities for the state to get transformed (chapter I) drawing on an assessment on the New Public Management movement. The analyze goes on organizations (chapter II) through a comparison between cases of organizational transformation in France and in the US. A compared analysis between the ongoing institutional change in the budgetary framework in France and Canada allows to assess how to link institutional and organizational transformation. As a conclusion, the steering of such a reform appear to be socially feasible and technically mature, but suffers from a lag of evolution at the institutional level where politicians and mainstreams ideas dally in integrating the parameters of the third industrial revolution paradigm
Casanova, Antoine. "Forces productives, peuple corse et Révolution française : 1770-1815." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010565.
Full textMatéos, Sylvère. "La révolution du capital humain : d'une approche macroéconomique à une théorie microéconomique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2068/document.
Full textThe hypothesis underlying this work is that the recent criticism faced by human capital concept are inextricably linked to the emerging conditions of the theory. Getting to the roots of the human capital revolution gives a new perspective on both theoretical and measurement issues. Using the history of economic thought perspective, we analyse the conceptual foundations of the human capital theory developed by Gary Becker, Jacob Mincer and Theodore Schultz in the late fifties. In 1950, Schultz used the concept of human capital in order to explain growth residual. His research program is embodied in the corpus ofgrowth theory. Schultz promptly succeeds to show the importance of this forgotten factor. Simultaneously, Mincer works on the same concept considering it as the main determinant of the personal income distribution. Few years later, Becker tried to understand the individual choice of training using the rational choice theory, and study the private rate of return of investment in education. His model, immediately adopted by Mincer, will establish itself as the standard model, vanishing the macroeconomic approach of Schultz
Huang, Ying. "La politique de l'enseignement supérieur en Chine et la longue marche vers le développement : du défi de la révolution au défi du nouveau millénaire." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080767.
Full textThe sector of higher education, and particularly the university is always a place of ideas, movements ans also conflicts. It provides us a very complicated field to observe. China enters entirely in to this case. Chinese higher education is tied closely to the political, economic and social life fo the society. The realization of the modernization is dependent of the development of the education and of the educationnal reform undertaken since more than ten years. Consequently, chinese government accords a very important consideration to this education that became in fact a political stake for china's futur
Depret, Marc-Hubert. "Incertitude globale, rupture paradigmatique et dynamique industrielle : un cadre d'analyse à partir du cas de l'industrie pharmaceutique face à la révolution du vivant." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50374-2003-13-14.pdf.
Full textSchirrer, Maxime. "Révolution informatique et collectivités locales : quels impacts ? : l'exemple de la métropole parisienne." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100058.
Full textThe prime objective of the thesis is to know if the information of the administrative services modifies the organization of the local communities. The second objective questions the repercussions in economic terms of performances and social equity. The impact study of the TIC on the level of the local institutions clarifies the emergence of a new economic area founded on the support of the economy of the networks. When the innovation is not any more the fruit of a kingly actor, but a source of differentiation, which problems are posed the leaders and the technicians of the local communities in order to distinguish and to make gravitational their territories? The analysis of case of Paris, Yvelines and Seine-et-Marne were used as test with our assumptions in order to identify variables of differentiation or convergence. The conclusions drawn from the analysis of these three departments contributed to a personal interpretation on the comprehension of spaces "postindustriels"
Burlakova, Maria McConaghy. "Art et commerce : développements, collaborations et conséquences de la révolution industrielle à nos jours." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010564.
Full textJoineau, Vincent. "Etude technique et économique d'une activité industrielle rurale : les moulins de l'Entre-deux-Mers bordelais de la fin du XIe siècle à la Révolution française." Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30007.
Full textRestricted for a long time to archeological and historical studies, the history of industrial activities nevertheless begs to be considered in light of the economic concerns with which they were associated. To this end, considering the archeology of industrial production shops as a prism for studying economic activity, the author has sought to bring to light the historical process of installing mills and their quantative and qualitative evolution in the hopes of determining, over the long term, their level of economic efficiency. The choice of the Bordeaux territory of Entre-deux-Mers (Gironde region) was made because of the diversity of its environmental conditions that make it possible to determine analytic criteria and to compare them, over the long term, to the territory's industrial equipment. Stimulated by the land-clearing monks of La Sauve-Majeure Abbey, the early industrial rise in value of rivers (in the 11th century) laid the groundwork for a coherent network of hydraulic installations that became the norm between the 16th and 17th centuries. Any new hydraulic mill installation therefore became needless and could potentially prevent the other mills from functioning properly. Taking into account this saturation effect is essential for understanding the technical and economic responses that were put into place to face the crisis of the "long century" and the demographic growth of the 18th century. The impossibility, throughout the medieval and modern periods, to carry out certain production tool innovations encouraged the millers to become wheat and flour merchants. The missing of duties of benalite on mills in Entre-deux-Mers, favored the development of wheat commerce, in particular during the expansion of trade with the colonies (second half of the 18th century)
Audran, Karine Géraldine. "Les négoces portuaires bretons sous la Révolution et l'Empire. . . : bilan et stratégies : Saint-Malo, Morlaix, Brest, Lorient et Nantes, 1789-1815." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIL104.
Full textMain geographic area of trade under modern period – due to its integration into worlwild exchanges – Brittany under French Revolution is an historical item that still remains unknown from an economical point of view. Boosted by the historiographical revival which finds its origin just after the bicentenary celebration, this thesis is based on massive use of different sources such as Commercial Court and political archives, in order to propose a spectral analysis of trade community. Between the lines, the brittain harbour network gives us a valid field of research allowing and analysis at several scales. In one hand, if it is undeniable that even if Brittany suffured from the quasi total interruption of exchanges from 1789 to 1815, a decrease is primed as far back as 1780. In other hand, this period is not favourable to a renewal of the trader Elite, as it already occurred in the third quarter of the XVIIIe century, observed as for instance with the seizure of a hard core of a dozain of businessmen in Lorient until the Monarchy of July. Besides, maritim wars, reccurent phenomenom in the XVIIIe century, are balanced by a diversification strategy : coastal trade, privateering and national goods which represent an inesperate occasion to invest in property. Regarding the political field, the period is marked by the reinforcement of the influence of traders and the emergence of a dynamic and politicised newly rised middle class
Slachevsky, Aguilera Nathalie. "La révolution éducative au Chili : histoire de la construction d'un enjeu public (1973-2010)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB203/document.
Full textIn the last four decades, Chile's education system has experienced a deep transformation, a neoliberal revolution. Since the dictatorship (1973-1990), an education market developed in the different levels of education. After the restoration of democracy in 1990 and during the following two decades government, led by a centre-left coalition, the education market was consolidated with an active engagement of the State. This period introduced multiple adjustments to the model, which ultimately developed an education system of hybrid morphology. Education stood out progressively as a major public issue and, in 2011, a social crisis became unavoidable. The questioning of the educational architecture reveals the fissures of the Chilean society concerning the predominance of neoliberal regulations. This event motivated a phase of revision, discussion, and proposition around another form of thinking education. This thesis traces the course of the educational policies implemented since the dictatorial irruption until 2010 when 20 years of democratic recovery under the direction of the same conglomerate, the Concertación, ends. The objective of this study is to understand the evolution of this issue, in the interface between the institutional administration, political parties, and civil society. This overview will allow us to grasp the maze of policy making and to understand how the educational disagreements arise. This analytical perspective consists in a socio-historical reconstruction of the educational policy, which triangulates the analysis of historical texts, legislative texts, and interviews with both political and administrative actors. This analytical lens will enable us to understand how education is the cornerstone of the modernization process in Chile. This is characterized by significant and undeniable advances in development, especially those concerning the educational expansion at all levels. The State is increasingly involved in education, from a role of arbitrator and supervisor of the market functioning, reinforcing and increasing the complexity of the neoliberal structure. Thus, a new order emerges, in which the education becomes a private good under the protection of a generalized competition and a culture of evaluation. This model clashes with society's increasing demands for democratization of education. The education system deploys strategies of individual positioning that legitimize and reinforce the privatization of education, while society denounces the systemic school segregation while, on the other side
Durante las cuatro últimas décadas, Chile ha sido escenario de profundos cambios en su sistema educativo: una revolución neoliberal. Desde el régimen dictatorial (1973-1990), un mercado educativo se desarrolló en los distintos niveles de educación. Luego del retorno de la democracia en 1990, y en el curso de dos decenios de gobiernos dirigidos por una coalición de centro-izquierda, el mercado educativo terminó por consolidarse con el compromiso activo del Estado. Este último, introdujo múltiples ajustes al modelo, que finalmente termina por desarrollar un sistema educativo de morfología híbrida. Luego de ese periodo, y de manera progresiva, la educación va a imponerse como un tema público, y en 2011 la crisis social va a ser ineludible. El cuestionamiento a la arquitectura educativa va a develar las fisuras de la sociedad chilena en cuanto a la preponderancia de las regulaciones neoliberales, dando paso a una fase de revisión, discusión y proposición alrededor de una nueva forma de pensar la educación. Esta tesis describe el recorrido de las políticas educativas adoptadas desde la irrupción dictatorial hasta el año 2010, momento en que terminan 20 años de recuperación democrática bajo la dirección de la coalición Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia. El objetivo de este trabajo es entender la evolución de este proceso, en la interfaz entre la administración institucional, los partidos políticos y la sociedad civil. La visión de conjunto nos permitirá discernir el entramado de las decisiones políticas y entender cómo se construyen las controversias educativas. La perspectiva analítica es una reconstrucción socio-histórica de la política educativa, que triangula el análisis de textos históricos, textos legislativos y entrevista a actores (políticos o administrativos). Este enfoque nos permitirá comprender cómo la educación devino el pilar fundamental del proceso de modernización en Chile, en el que se observan avances significativos e innegables de desarrollo, particularmente en relación a la expansión educativa en todos los niveles. El Estado se involucra cada vez más en la educación, con un rol de árbitro y supervisor del funcionamiento del mercado, reforzando y complejizando la estructura neoliberal. De esta forma, un nuevo orden educativo termina de plasmarse, en el que la educación deviene un bien individual bajo la égida de la competencia generalizada y la cultura de la evaluación. Este modelo termina por chocar con las demandas crecientes de democratización por parte de la población, que denuncia la segregación escolar del sistema, pero que paralelamente actúa con estrategias de posicionamiento individual que legitiman y refuerzan la privatización educativa
Delleaux, Fulgence. "À la recherche des mutations agricoles : économie et société dans les campagnes du Hainaut français de Louis XIV à la Révolution (1659-1800)." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1481.
Full textAbdesselem, Fatima. "Recherche agronomique, structures de développement et politique économique dans un pays sous-développé : la recherche agronomique tropicale au Sénégal, un facteur de production à développer dans le contexte de la bio-révolution." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX24004.
Full textSince the progressive privatization of agronomical research and bio-revolution, the state in africa, and particularly in senegal, will have to increase agricultural investments and select its agricultural spending by developping technological knowledge at best. So, the new theories of endogenous growth will bring a theoretical and empirical enrichment, because it will permit the state to contemplate the problems of economical growth distinctly by including precisely some factors which are often disregarded, such as human capital, technological knowledge and research-developm ent in the function of traditional output. As a result, the thesis, which we present is the integration of a separated sector, in this function : the agricultural research-development. By leading a positive externality, the introduction of an additional factor of growth modifies the model of solow and makes decreasing returns growing and permits that the accumulation of the new factor is not accompanied by a loss of efficiency
Davalos, Aguilar Pablo. "La "révolution silencieuse" de la Banque Mondiale et du FMI, et le « Buen Vivir » : essais critiques sur le développement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE009/document.
Full textThe crisis of the Latin American external debt of the eighties meant the change of the model of industrialization by substitution of imports towards a model of sustained development in the liberalization of the economy. The transition was triggered by IMF macroeconomic adjustment and stabilization policies. These measures were continued, consolidated and deepened by the World Bank and International Development Cooperation, through structural reforms that brought about changes in the State and society. This generated social unrest that was expressed in mobilizations, claims and rejections in almost all countries in the region. These social mobilizations against neoliberal structural adjustment and reform gave rise to new political discourses. One of them is the Good Living (Buen Vivir), that was incorporated into the Political Constitution of Ecuador and Bolivia in 2008. Buen Vivir collects the demands for a model of friendly, supportive development, friendly to nature and in which the fundamental rights of human beings, including the right to radical difference, are respected. The discourse of Good Living reflects the criticisms of development made by post-development and decline, and integrates them into a new dimension, which refers to otherness in the economy
Sergi, Francesco. "De la révolution lucasienne aux modèles DSGE : réflexions sur les développements récents de la modélisation macroéconomique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E059/document.
Full textThis dissertation provides a history of macroeconomic modeling practices from RobertE. Lucas’s works in the 1970s up to today’s dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) approach. Working from a historical perspective, I suggest that the recent rise of DSGE models should be characterized as a compromise between opposing views of modeling methodology—on the one hand, the real business cycle (RBC) view, on the other hand, the new Keynesian view. In order to justify this claim, my work provides an epistemological reconstruction of the recent history of macroeconomics, building from ananalysis of the criteria defining the validity and the pertinence of a model. My assumption is that recent macroeconomic modeling practices can be described by three distinctive methodological criteria : the internal validity criterion (which establishes the consistency between models’ assumptions and concepts and formalisms of a theory), the external validity criterion (which establishes the consistency between the assumptions and results of a model and the real world, as well as the quantitative methods needed to assess such a consistency) and the hierarchization criterion (which establishes the preference for internal over external validity, or vice versa). This epistemological reconstruction draws primarily from the literature about models in the philosophy of science. My work aims to make four contributions to the history of recent macroeconomics. (1) To understand the rise of DSGE models without referring to the explanation providedby the macroeconomists themselves, who tend to think that macroeconomics evolved through theoretical consensus and exogenous technical progress. By distancing itself fromthis perspective, my work draws attention to the disruptive character of methodological controversies and to the interdependence between theoretical activity and the developmentof statistical and econometric methods. (2) To overcome the existing divide betweenthe history of macroeconomic theories and the history of quantitative methods. Throughits epistemological perspective, my work reconciles these two historiographies and specifiesthe basis for a comprehensive understanding of recent developments in macroeconomics.(3) To put the accent on the external validity condition as the main controversial issue separating different views of macro-modeling methodology. Furthermore, I illustrate how the debate about external validity is closely related to the problem of casual explanation and, finally, to the conditions for providing economic policy evaluation. (4) To characterize the DSGE approach: although DSGE models are often presented as a“synthesis”, or as a “consensus”, they are better described as a shaky compromise between two opposing methodological visions
Smith, Bradley. "La Dialectique du néolibéralisme aux États-Unis : aux origines de « révolution conservatrice » et de la crise financière de 2008." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA143/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims to study the economic, social, political and ideological transformations that have characterized the development of neoliberalism in the United States, from the rise of the conservative movement that brought Ronald Reagan to power in 1980 to the financial crisis of 2008. Neoliberalism can be defined as an ideology that claims the free market and the private sector to be superior to government intervention, as a package of economic policies that aim to liberate market forces from government constraints, and as a mode of governance based on corporate management practices. Although many studies have been published on neoliberalism, each of them tends to focus on a limited dimension of the subject, such as its ideological, political, or international dimension. Given this fragmentation, there is a lack of studies that attempt to understand the specific development of neoliberalism in the United States from a holistic point of view. In order to achieve this goal, Jean-Paul Sartre’s “progressive-regressive” method appears to be an effective approach. While Sartre developed this method as an epistemological tool for the humanities, few researchers have attempted to make use of it. By applying it to the study of American neoliberalism, this dissertation hopes to contribute not only to the knowledge a topical subject, but also to the development of new research methods in the field of civilizational studies
Ebene, Nyamnding Elise Mireille. "Politiques agricoles et crise de l'économie camerounaise (1960-1998)." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30067.
Full textThis thesis which is entitled : “Politiques agricoles et crise de l’économie camerounaise (1960-1998)” in English “The role of the Cameroon’s agricultural policies in the wreck of the national economy from 1960 to 1998”, appears to be a historical essay on the misadventures of Cameroonian agriculture since the country became independent in 1960 up till the fateful years of the economic crisis which stroke Cameroon in the years 1990. Using a constructivist approach, the work goes back into the remote past, during the colonial period to point out colonial choices based on the production of commercial cash crops. A choice which the government of Cameroon inherited from the French and English colonial masters. The essay shows that colonization deeply influenced the way the government foresaw the place of Agriculture into the independent Cameroon. It also stresses the response it gave to the frequent misfortune of the choice of the government, the successive attempts of solutions that were forwarded. The implementation of the Green Revolution on the one hand and the instauration of Agricultural Shows happened to be the major attempts the government brought to sustain its policies. These attempts certainly delayed the wreck of an agricultural policy staled in its basements but could not prevent the economic structural crisis that erupted with the sudden fall of the main export cash crops on which the economic development of Cameroon depended. A disillusion which guided the government toward a new and more innovative approach based on a more diversified Agriculture bound to protect the economy from the instable international market. But the new policy seems not to be very different from the former one considering the strong emphasis the government still puts on the exportation of the same cash crops
Castro, Liera Erin. "L' intégration de la Basse Californie du Sud à l'Etat mexicain (1910-1974)." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010549.
Full textRiviere, Francois. "Travail et métiers en Normandie à la fin du Moyen Âge : institutions professionnelles et régulation économique." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0022.
Full textIn medieval Normandy, from the end of the XIIIth century, the word métier (craft) could refer to a category of profession-based institutions that were clearly identified by the contemporary society. Dating from that period, the documentation also sheds a new light on the modes of enforcement of the economic rules which are particular to these craft institutions. Among their main characteristics was the role of craft officers (gardes du métier) who were appointed in agreement with the craft group. This evolution goes with the second "writing revolution" which developed the use of written norms. In this study, craft rules are therefore defined as a type of source which sets the structures of craft organisations. The development of this type of source was only part of the expansion of more detailed professional rules, whose geographic diffusion reflects the urban hierarchy. Judicial sources and accounts completed those normative sources and broadened the spectrum of craft institutions by including small towns like Elbeuf or Neufchâtel-en-Bray, as well as rural activities like pottery or metallurgy. The quantitative analysis of sources covering over 60 jurisdictions shows their representativity and a growth that does not entirely come from documentary biases. The diversity of places and activities ruled by craft institutions grew at the end of the Middle Ages. Better sources make case studies possible not only in Rouen but also in the jurisdictions of Louviers, of Elbeuf, of Roncheville and of the mine of Beaumont at Saint-Rémy-sur-Orne. The comparisons reveal how limited the autonomy of craft organisations concerning the enforcement of rules could be, despite a few exceptions like the master of the ironworkers of Normandy or the provost of the tanners of Rouen who had jurisdiction over their peers. However, until the end of the 14th century, the authorities seemed to lack control over the expertise on the quality of goods and on qualification, as well as over the formalities required for becoming an apprentice or a master. Even in the 15th century, the superior courts did not always intervene in such cases. The identity of craft organisations revolved more around their officers, who were sworn before higher authorities, than it depended on the shifting boundaries of the working communities. As a consequence, the collective action of workers very slowly took a formal aspect and often took place outside the craft institutions. Nevertheless, craft communities were consulted as a group about their rules. The development of formal craft institutions at the end of the Middle Ages can be linked to the growing use of written laws that were claimed by professional associations or by the authorities according to the context
Oueslati, Slaheddine. "Stratégie de communication promotionnelle d'une destination touristique. Étude de cas du produit tunisien de 1997 à la révolution." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030167.
Full textTunisia, 3000 years old, with its world famous archeological treasures, has been counting on tourism since the early years of its independence in 1956. The "touristic establishments" number from 85 in 1965 to 856 in 2011, and the number of visitors exceeded 7 millions for a population of 10.5 millions. A record. The number of overnights went up to 35.5 millions dinars in takings. In spite of these performances, the Tunisian product has remained mainly in the beach and spa sector and attracted in majority the European market: the French and the Germans. When facing the severe competition of the Mediterranean Basin, the Tunisian product has shown a certain stagnation, if not a decrease. The aim of our research is to concentrate on one essential point concerning the success, or the failure, of any touristic product: that is the strategy of promotional communication. Which are its basises in Tunisia ? How are they operated ? The failures ? The remedies ? At the time when the authorities count on a positive evolution, with the hope of reaching the number of 10 millions tourists in 2016, a Revolution comes to a surprise to the country and to the world. Structures and habits were obviously shaken and waves of violence swept to the industry of tourism which was the first one to suffer from it. The elections of the Constituent Assembly will bring to power an islamist majority who does not readily agree with the policy of openess which had been historically undertaken in the country. This is the price to be paid for the democracy hoped for by the people, which did upset the sector of tourism, and also our work which was about to be completed. It has, actually, made our research the more interesting and exciting. This is the research that we submit in this thesis
Marzo, Pietro. "The international dimension of Tunisia’s transition to democracy : from consensus over democracy to competitiveness within democracy." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66900.
Full textFollowing the outbreak of the Arab revolts in late 2010, Tunisia is the only Arab country that has democratized successfully in a region where authoritarian retrenchment prevails. Scholars have studied the Tunisian transition to democracy focusing mainly on domestic factors, devoting little attention to the role international factors and external influences played in the transitional process. Relying on qualitative analysis, this study investigates the international dimension of Tunisia’s transition to democracy and argues that international factors and influences played a relevant role in the democratization process. This research focuses on the impact the agency of international democracy promoters had on Tunisian national structure during the transition to democracy, without downplaying the agency of Tunisian political and social actors. It highlights how the interplay between international actors and Tunisia domestic groups contributed to the making of the democratization process. The study lays out three theoretical findings that contribute to the debates on the international dimension of democratization and democracy promotion. First, it suggests that when international democracy promoters support domestic oppositions in developing mutual trust, strengthening ties and bridging divisions, they enhance the emergence of new alternative ‘centres of power’ to the regime. Second, this study argues that the low level of foreign squabbling for influence in Tunisia facilitated the bargaining process among transitional elites during the democratization process. Third, this study suggests that during the Tunisian transition to democracy, international democracy promoters helped Tunisian transition elites to move from the initial consensus over democracy to competition within the democracy. While this study focuses only on the Tunisia’s case, all the chapters provide comparative evidence with other countries in the Middle East and North Africa to back up the empirical findings and the theoretical reflections.
Lupo, Sébastien. "Révolution(s) d'échelles : Le marché levantin et la crise du commerce marseillais au miroir des maisons Roux et de leurs relais à Smyrne (1740-1787)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3030.
Full textThe capitulations granted by the Porte in 1740 set a favourable framework for French trade in Levant. However, the 18th century means decline for it. Smyrna, which emerged at that time as the first Ottoman échelle, offered a fitting place to observe and to understand this crisis stemming from the debasement of exchange rates and woolen clothes, the most exported articles. And yet, the Roux company from Marseilles established a firm in Smyrna in 1759 after turning to outsiders. Thanks to the contributions of economic sociology, this research shows that the Levantine context, prone to revolutions of all kinds, didn't offer all the expected amenities. The social structure legally enforced and dominated by the merchants of Marseilles worked in accordance to embedded cautiousness which likened the expatriated partners to potentially opportunist subordinates. Such an organization hampered their activity in the Eastern market. Whereas the Mediterranean became an outlying space for world trade, the Roux failed to develop their Levantine firm despite the diversity of their networks. The domination of Marseilles over the clothing industry in Languedoc contributed, in fact, to its jeopardizing and the quality decline of its products. At the end of the Seven Years' War, these exportations entered in a declining stage maintained by the inertia of the merchants' practices which also account for the lack of diversification. Thus, network defects combine with the complexity of the Levantine market, the geopolitical troubles of the 18th century and the transition to English hegemony to explain the crisis of the Levantine trade from Marseilles
Maurin, Laurent. "Les abbayes de l'Angoumois de la fin du XVIe siècle à la révolution de 1789 : étude humaine, culturelle, architecturale, sociale et économique des Abbayes médiévales dans une province du Royaume de France à l'époque moderne." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT5009.
Full textLemarchand, Guy. "La fin du féodalisme dans le pays de Caux : conjoncture économique et démographique et structure sociale dans une région de grande culture, de la crise du XVIIe siècle à la stabilisation de la révolution : 1640-1795." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010555.
Full textCoville, Thierry. "Ordre monétaire et désordres économiques en Iran depuis la révolution islamique." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100141.
Full textMollé, Frédéric. "Les logiques économiques d'une bureaucratie d'Etat : le langage administratif révolutionnaire comme refondation du monde social." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3002.
Full textThe language of the administration serves to describe the reality, and is, as in all languages a system of codification of the world. The operating modes and classification procedures used by various bureaucratic methods describe not only the reality according to certain norms and criteria but also their place in a social context. These norms therefore act equally as principles of classification and representation, they not only put in form the existing system but equally impose a new vision of social order, that of the creators of these methods. The genesis of this language offers an interesting example of the difficulty concerning the amendment of the reality. Far from being fixed, this language results from a conflict that opposed the noblesse de robe and the legal bourgeoisie. The latter, redefined during the Revolution the conditions of access to various missions of the State by amending the logic of the administration thus giving sense and form to the bureaucratic rhetoric
Zaini, Amina Ali Sari. "La révolution du 17 juillet 1968 et l'influence sur l'économie irakienne." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10045.
Full textThe aim of this work is to studu the fact of the Iraq economic until the beginning of the revolution of 17 July 1968. The registral progress in this fields is the fruit of reaffirmed political at several reprises by the Ba'ath party. Development plans were elaborated on the basis of natural resources and particularly oil as essential basis of the economic of Iraq. Based on the principle of planification this strategy which has positive results on the development of this country we find the negative effects because that economic depends only on the revenus of oil. The solution is to diversify different capacities of this country that is the actual aim of the leaders politics
Nguyen, Huu Trung. "Les marchands, fondateurs de civilisation, une épopée oubliée, XVe - XIXe siècle : une histoire sociale et culturelle de l’économie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG049/document.
Full textCivilization should be understood as the progress of mentalities in the course of time, whether in Art, Economic, Political and Social systems. merchants and entrepreneurs are at the origin of this evolution. The great contribution by merchants was to extract from received ideas, dogmas and traditions, realities in the economic, social, political and art fields, and to make them understood by a number of individuals thanks to the commercial profits obtained from respecting these realities. When these individuals finally reached a critical number, these realities were accepted and adopted by the majority of the population.It is Italian merchants who financed and were parts of the first Portuguese sea voyages launched to discover new lands in Africa, America and Asia. Dutch entrepreneurs discovered the concept of “added-Value” , for example by selling wood as planks ready to use. It was they who created the modern enterprise by accepting shareholders from outside the founder’s family. It was they who invented insurance policies, the practice of accounting for better management, newspapers reporting events which could have an impact of the prices of products. It is also the Dutch merchants who in the 16th century, finally obtained from the State authorities the legal right to charge interests when lending money: till then such practice was absolutely forbidden by the Church. It was the Flemish art merchants who, by exporting to Italy works by Van Eyck, Memling Van der Goes… gave to Italian artists a new understanding of colours and of space. It was the merchants from the East India Company of the Netherlands (VOC) who initiated the Japanese to the Western sciences and art. It is therefore not surprising if the Japanese were the first Asians to open up to the West. It is also merchants who, in the 18th century created the Consumers’ Society which made possible the meeting of social classes in a more long lasting way than any political revolution. This Consumers’ Society led to the Industrial Revolution which in turn led to the recognition of the workers’ rights and to the duties of business owners to assume their social responsibilities such as social security, free primary education of the workers’ children. It also led to new marketing concepts without which there would not have been modern economy. It is the impresarios or entertainers who helped women and Black people in the USA, to become conscious of their social and cultural identities. In the same way, the movie entrepreneurs (the Pathe Brothers, Gaumont and the Jews who migrated to the USA from Central Europe) made possible the instantaneous globalization of the awareness of events, thus making Public Opinion an even stronger political force, without which no Democracy would be possible
Alaadrah, Najwa. "L’évolution du système de vulgarisation agricole face aux nouveaux défis de l’agriculture et aux enjeux de l’agroécologie dans les pays du Sud et de l’Est de la Méditerranée : le cas de la Syrie et de la Tunisie." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCG002/document.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to analyze the evolution of the agricultural extension system in a Mediterranean context, in terms of organization, types of advice and methods of intervention drawn from a regional analysis of Syrian and Tunisian systems. This evolution responds to profound changes in the agricultural production model, historically based on the principles of the Green Revolution, which is evolving towards agro-ecological models. We situate this work in the movement known as the "agro-ecological transition", which proposes a framework of development associating socio-economic and environmental dimensions. This movement allows us to envision a better integration of agriculture and its stakes in the territorial development project. To design and implement the agro-ecological approach requires a profound change in the management of production systems. To ensure these changes, farmers need new support schemes. The analysis of the evolution of the extension systems is conducted from a theoretical and methodological framework constructed with reference to development theories, notably especially evolutionist, which take into account the general forces that determine local actions, and historicist, which give pace to development trajectories and singular territorial combinations. This framework assumes that the development does not depend on producers willing to adopt exogenous innovations but rather to participate in its elaboration. This participation meets two needs: i) the adaptation of innovation to the particularity of situations as the agroecological transition advocates ii) the decentralization of the management of socio-environmental goods, towards common forms. To deal with these challenges of transforming agricultural systems, we can be expected that the organization of agricultural extension has adapted by the passage of a system driven primarily by a public device, based on a single type of technical advice and on diffusionist methods of mass of extension, to a composite system offering several types of advice and individual or joint intervention methods based on the co-construction of the advice. Our analysis is based on an empirical work adapted to the situation of the two countries under study, circumscribed to the regions of Al Ghâb in Syria and Nabeul in Tunisia. The results are quite similar in both countries where the evolution of the agricultural sector occurs through small changes that rely more on the substitution of practices more economical and more respectful of the environment than previous practices, but these changes have not been accompanied by a significant evolution of the agricultural extension system. The state apparatus still occupies a monopoly position in Al Ghâb, and dominant in Nabeul. The organizational evolution of this system is limited, in both regions, to the deconcentration of services, with a timid privatization on the site of Nabeul. In both regions of study, the state apparatus uses classically collective counseling methods of advice based on the "Training and Visit" model, and is limited to a technical dimension based mainly on the proceeds of the Green Revolution, their contribution to the evolution of agricultural practices towards agroecology is not notable
Mollajani, Ali Akbar. "Sociogénèse de la révolution iranienne de 1979." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20043.
Full textThe social layers representative of the Iranian society have been excluded from power by the two coups d'Etat, of 1923 and of 1953. This artificial manner of maintaining power resulted in the Pahlavi regime not achieving a social legitimacy for managing the society. The social order was guarded by force and not by indigenous societal mecanismes. By the white revolution, the Shah's regime wanted to constitute a new social structure which would give it a new legitimacy. But. The inadaptability of the measures and of the reforms realized on the social constitution of the country lead to the failure of the government's projects. The result was a societal dislocation which, in the absence of an authorized political field, oriented itself towards a propagated political radicalism and gave birth to the Iranian revolution of 1979
Zhang, Handan. "The seeds of the Chinese agrarian revolution : the level and dispersion of living standards in 1929-1933." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25146/25146.pdf.
Full textDeschanel, Boris. "Négoce, espaces et politique : les recompositions socio-économiques du commerce dauphinois dans la Révolution (années 1770 - années 1820)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010602/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the impact of the revolutionary process on the organization of preindustrial trade, through the example of merchants (négociants) from Dauphiné and their international business relations (in European, Mediterranean and Caribbean regions). To analyse these changes, the investigation begins with examinate the trade structures in Dauphiné, at the end of Ancien Régime. The boundaries of the group are much more uncertain that it seems at first: the cohesion of commercial bourgeoisie is mainly due to the rule of a few families, able to speak on behalf of the other tradesmen, and to impose their patriotic and (seemingly) “liberal” line. The Revolution, in which these merchants are involved, initiates a deep remodelling of public and institutional space, that partly meets their expectations, but that isn’t without risk: revolutionary dynamics also contribute to destabilizing the group, in the short run. But in the longer term, socioeconomic, political or symbolic transformations promote the expansion of the merchants. The traders benefit in particular from French Wars to develop their functions in the economic and political sphere, officially serving the common interest. From this point of view, the Revolution results are quite paradoxical. On the one hand, the merchants strengthen their social influence; but on the other hand, this only car occur through a transformation of their collective identity: this change involves in particular a reorientation of their traditional activities and a redefinition of commercial field
aLau, Leung Mei-Yee. "Industrialisation, révolution et transition : étude comparée de la vallée de la Bièvre et de la vallée de l'Yvette au XVIIIème siècle." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010522.
Full textHanna, Eve. "Les thérapies innovantes : une révolution médicale et un tsunami financier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0622/document.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis were to identify the magnitude of the ATMPs pipeline, to assess the budget impact of ATMPs and to suggest new funding models for ATMPs in order to help decision-makers to anticipate the hypothetical short and medium term budget impact of such products. The magnitude of ATMPs pipeline was evaluated by identifying the number and characteristics of ATMPs clinical trials in 3 worldwide clinical trials databases. A large number of ATMPs are in development (939 clinical trials) and may successfully reach the market. Overall, the results showed that the number of ATMPs clinical trials has been consistently growing over the past 15 years. The budget impact of ATMPs was assessed. Markov models were developed to assess the cost-effectiveness and budget impact for ATMPs using 5 efficacy scenarios in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer’s disease and heart failure. Then, an estimation of the budget impact of 35 ATMPs was conducted suggesting that an ATMP can cure all patients. We have shown in this chapter that a cost-effective ATMP may be unaffordable; payers will not be able to pay upfront the costs of all ATMPs. The traditional funding models may not be adaptable for ATMPs. The proposed funding models for innovative high-cost therapies were identified through a literature review, discussed during a consensus meeting and an optimal funding model for ATMPs was recommended.Finally, health policy recommendations for the stakeholders – patients, physicians, payers and manufacturers – are presented. These recommendations aim to help to ensure patient access to innovation while maintaining the sustainability of healthcare system
Thermeau, Gérard-Michel. "A l'aube de la révolution industrielle : Saint-Etienne et son agglomération, 1800-1815." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET2032.
Full textAfter the French revolution, Saint-Etienne, wich is the most populated city in the Loire departement, stands out as an important urban and industrial centre although it is miles away from major trade routes. The diversity of the buildings is clearly shown through a careful study of the urban structure while on the other hand, the grow of the city reveals its ill-equipment. Ambitious town plannings along with a determined local policy from the town councilors lead to the creation of a new district in spite of low public founds. The economic growth is still identified with proto-industrial structures : the domestic system is the major rule in such economic fields as ribbon, arms and hardware. However this disorganized system does not prevent vitality and innovation from emerging in the ribbon industry. The appearence of siderurgy as well as the modernization of the coal bassin is delayed by the blockade. Administrative officials, nobles and landowners are very scarce in Saint-Etienne. The population is made up of working class people and the trading elite. With a high birth rate, the population increases significantly. Saint-Etienne attracts country people from neighbouring villages and from Haute-Loire. The ribbon manufacturers rule over the city : they are austere, hard-working, reticent and uneducated. The working class is complex because halfway between craftsmen and the proletariat. Because of recurrent economic crises, the working people remain potential paupers
Tantich, Gomaa. "L'expansion industrielle dans la grande région tripolitaine (J. A. L. P. S. ) depuis la révolution de septembre 1969." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040118.
Full textBurstin, Haim. "Une révolution à l'oeuvre : le faubourg Saint-Marcel (1789-1794)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010644.
Full textJacquemond, Joseph. "La révolution industrielle dans la vallée de l'Ondaine, 1815-1914." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET2018.
Full textDue to presence of coal, water power, skilled plentiful workmen, this valley, located in the south west of Saint-Etienne and expanding on about 100 km2, became in the early vanguard of French metallurgy and mining. In 1815 an Englishman Jackson and few years later, an Alsacian born Holtzer introduce steel making in the valley. But during the first half of the 19th century, general development is slow and the valley remains mainly an agricultural area. The second half of the 19th century is the period of mushrooming expansion. Coal mining remains the most important activity of the valley. But metallurgy is practically so important with three plants, featuring, among the leading. French companies of steel production, also manufacturing heavy mecanic speciallly war material. Bolt making and file making become another caracterical production of the valley. This expansion has been made possible thanks to the development of rail road. To this economical growth corresponds fundamental transformation in minds and standards of life. Legalization of trade union allows the working class to promote coalition, while the employeers attempt to limit
Ben, Hadj Fredj Mejdi. "Les déterminants macro-économiques et financiers de l'efficience bancaire de pays émergents : cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR1005.
Full textOur objective of this work is to study the efficiency of the Tunisian financial market before and after the Jasmin revolution of 2011 and identify macro-economic and financial factors that influence the efficiency score of this market. Our methodology is to use at first multivariate GARCH model to estimate the correlation between market returns and those of individual banks and the Beta coefficient. As this model assumes the residues that follow the multivariate normal law is untested in practice, we used in a second step the copula theory to provide more flexibility in modeling multivariate data. The most influential factors are determined using the linear regression model, the panel data model and TOBIT model. The empirical results show that the Tunisian market is not efficient either before or after the revolution. Many actions are proposed to improve the degree of efficiency of this market
Khelifi, Achour. "La Révolution industrielle en Grande-Bretagne vue par les voyageurs français contemporains, 1780-1840." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040106.
Full textOur doctoral thesis attempts to analyse, explain and interpret the perception and representation of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers between 1780 and 1840. It is divided into two distinct but interrelated parts. The first part is intended as an introduction to the second one. It is centered mainly on the travellers, their travels and their accounts. It tries to determine the documentary value of the travellers' accounts, which will be used as primary sources. We will undertake an internal analysis of the corpus in search of the clues which will help us in our assessment of their documentary value, focusing on the main determining factors and criteria of classification of the travellers, the motives of travel and the content and form of their accounts. This will enable us get an initial idea of the nature and value of the representations of the Industrial Revolution, which will be the subject of the second part. More substantial, the latter part will examine, analyse and interpret the selected documents, in an attempt to bring out and restore the perception and representations of the different aspects of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers. The second part will try to study, explain and interpret the evolution of the representations of the main facets of the Industrial Revolution, which caught the travellers' attention and focused their eyes. And, as a general conclusion, we will try to structure, organise and deepen the analysis in a modest attempt to bring out and underscore the overall underlying significance of the changing perception of the British Industrial Revolution by contemporary French travellers, and what it tells us about their understanding of it
Doron, Adrien. "Routes tunisiennes de l’échange marchand : géographie post-révolution d’un réseau de marchés mondialisés." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20039/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the making of globalized trade routes in Tunisia, based on the study of the supply of marketplaces that are specialized in the so-called “parallel trade”. These marketplaces are located at the end of transnational trade routes which import everyday consumer products in the country. First, it proceeds on the basis that transnational trade economy in Tunisia is organized as a labile network. This network articulates marketplaces, including those located in Central Tunis and in Ben Gardane, two trading hubs that have emerged from local and territorialized processes. Starting from these places makes it possible to highlight the professional trajectories of their tradesmen, and to demonstrate how the latter have developed their business relationships. The thesis thus reveals a network of marketplaces that shapes transnational import into the country, through Tunisian ports and border regions. The thesis then examines the effects of the Tunisian Revolution on this markets network, more closely at the level of customs barrier bypass devices used by the flow of goods. The political change in 2011 thus reveals the participation of former President Ben Ali’s regime in trade economy, yet presented as informal economy. Moreover, with the regime’s collapse, trade relationships, commercial activities and trade routes have been reshaped, thereby pointing out that "parallel trade" has become a governance issue in Tunisia during the period of democratic transition. Finally, the thesis considers the formal analysis of these networks. It thus aims to lay the foundations for a geography of social and spatial networks by taking into account, on the one hand, the actors’ social relationships and their role into the organization of commercial relations, and on the other hand, the identification and analysis of marketplaces networks
Brunner, Thomas. "Douai, une ville dans la révolution de l'écrit du XIIIe siècle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG017.
Full textHow did an urban society like the Flemish town of Douai deal with the written word in the 13th century? Up to then, archives were very rare, but at that time a documentary boom can be observed with nearly 2,200 acts of legal practice, several aldermen’s registers, accounts…The written word had become a required tool of social life, which had been changed drastically by it. Based on the experience of the “1st revolution of the written word” at the end of the 11th century, this deep socio-cultural mutation took place in two stages: one characterized by intensification, opening to lay people and to vernacular language (“2nd revolution of the writtenword”, circa 1170-1240), the other by large-scale intensification, typological diversification and social diffusion of literacy (“3rd revolution of the written word”, circa 1250-1300). Trying to take into account the various agents and users of the written word, this work focuses on the 1,300 preserved aldermen’s chirographs, of which the first stages of a total history (making, using and storing) are sketched out. Those acts of voluntary jurisdiction issued from the burgher elite had become commonplace at the end of the 13th century so as to reach social groups thought to be closed to literacy
Zwer, Nepthys. "L'ingénierie sociale d'Otto Neurath (1882-1945)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAC022/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the social engineering as devised by Otto Neurath (1882-1945), an Austrian economist, sociologist, and philosopher. The introductory first part highlights certain issues of his biography which turned out significant in his subsequent idea of the necessity of a targeted and planned intervention in the social order. In part two, the technique of conceptual history reveals the mental representations at work in social engineering : the topos of "modernity" – built on a new concept of society, of time, and of the potential role of civil society – suggests the feasibility of managing a social group according to principles of rationalization of life.Neurath’s Gesellschaftstechnik is then reconstructed by the method of intellectual history, which shows the Viennese context, the dynamics involved in the 1918-19 German Revolution, and the economic concerns of the time as being essential for the development of his thought and his programme of social eudaimonism
Zylberberg, Michel. "Les milieux d'affaires français et l'Espagne (vers 1780-1808)." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010598.
Full textSince the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth century, french business circles, with a trading network present in all spain, exercise over the economy of this country a real domination. Charles III and Charles IV "enlightened" ministers attempts to put an end to it will hardly succeed as the importance of francois cabarrus and julien ouvrard activities demonstrate
Salas, Aguayo Francisca Andrea. "Histoire socio-politique du Chili : une interprétation depuis la revue Mensaje entre 1958-1973." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0111/document.
Full textThe present research aims to reconstruct the position of the magazine Mensaje throughout fifteen years of Chile’s history (1958-1973). Through an inductive and qualitative methodology, a review on the interpretation of this publication has been reached. In this way, through the codification of all articles by topic, this work introduces the central concepts used by Mensaje, which the journal employed to analyse this historical period. In addition to this, the research proposes a relationship or storyline between these concepts, born from a transversal term throughout the articles: "social change". In regard to the structure of the study, the work is divided into two sections: "the importance of social change" and "two models of social change". Both sections are complementary: while debates and concepts emerge in the first section, the second pursues them and delves into them in Chilean soil. Each one of these sections is subdivided into three chapters, which chronologically examine the central concepts commented by Mensaje.The first chapter of the initial section “the importance of social change” examines the concept of "communism" and how it constitutes “an urgency” and a “problem" for the publication due to its "growth". Mensaje interprets the progressive influence of “communism” as a symptom of a problem: the "expanding social malaise". In this scenario Mensaje proposes the strengthening of intermediary bodies and the application of the theory of economic development in favour of changing the social and economic structures as an answer. The second chapter propose a comparative analysis between the Cuban Revolution and the Alliance for Progress (ALPRO). Both events promoted, although not in the same way, a greater value for "social change". The third chapter deals with the implementation of the "agrarian reform" in Chile, as a sign of the arrival of "social change” to the territory. In this context, we analyse the influence and impact of the experience of the distribution of land owned by the Church’s hierarchy amongst its workers, as a symbol of approval of a specific model of "social change".The second section deals with two specific Chilean models of "social change": the first “revolución en libertad" (revolution in freedom), the second “transición al socialismo” (transition to socialism). In this context, the first chapter analyses the emergence and consolidation of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) in the political arena, through the gain of the presidency in 1964. The magazine Mensaje explicitly supports the government of Eduardo Frei (PDC) and its project "revolution in freedom". The second chapter studies the magazines disillusionment in respect to the PDC’s political project, and gives an explanation for its failure. Nevertheless, the publication confirms the existence of transformations in Chilean society by the multiplication of social movements. The last part of this section studies the success of “Unidad Popular” (Popular Unity) -a union of left-wing movements and parties, some of them Marxist- in the presidential elections of 1970. The magazine ends by analysing the possible presence of a "fascist right" in Chile. Finally, the last chapter comments directly on the three years of government of the UP and its project to "transit to socialism” in four moments: "continental situation", "construction of a dominant social area", "crisis of confidence in the political game of parties" and finally "coup d'état (1973)"
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo reconstruir la postura de la revista Mensaje a lo largo de 15 años de la historia de Chile (1958-1973). Así, mediante una metodología inductiva y cualitativa, el presente trabajo analiza el discurso de la publicación en el periodo. De tal modo, el trabajo por medio de la codificación de los artículos por temáticas recoge los conceptos centrales a través de los cuales la revista interpretó los diversos sucesos. Por otra parte, esta reflexión establece una relación entre estos conceptos a partir del término “cambio social”, noción recurrente en los artículos. Respecto a la estructura este estudio se organiza en dos secciones complementarias: “la importancia del cambio social” y “dos modelos de cambio social”. En la primera sección el trabajo relaciona debates y conceptos socio-políticos, mientras que la segunda se aparta de una esfera más teórica para ponerlos a prueba en el contexto chileno. Cada uno de estos apartados se subdividen en tres capítulos que examinan cronológicamente las temáticas comentadas por Mensaje.Así, el primer capítulo de la sección inicial estudia el concepto de “comunismo” y cómo para la publicación este constituyó una “urgencia” y un “problema” debido a su crecimiento, interpretado como síntoma del “creciente malestar social”. Así, Mensaje propone como respuesta el fortalecimiento de los “cuerpos intermedios” y la aplicación de la “teoría del desarrollo” a favor del cambio de la estructura económica y social. El segundo capítulo propone un análisis relacional entre la Revolución Cubana y Alianza para el Progreso (ALPRO). Ambos acontecimientos que promocionaron, aunque no del mismo modo, un mayor valor por el “cambio social”. El tercer capítulo aborda la implementación de la “reforma agraria” en Chile como signo de la llegada del “cambio social” al territorio. En este contexto, se analiza la influencia e impacto que tuvo el reparto de tierras de la jerarquía de la Iglesia Católica entre sus trabajadores como señal de aprobación de modelo específico de “cambio social”. La segunda sección trata específicamente sobre dos modelos chilenos de “cambio social”: “revolución en libertad” y “transición al socialismo”. El primer capítulo considera la consolidación del Partido Demócrata Cristiano (PDC), el cual logra la presidencia en 1964 con el candidato Eduardo Frei y el proyecto “revolución en libertad”, a los que la revista Mensaje apoyó explícitamente. El segundo capítulo expone la desilusión de la revista respecto al proyecto, así como la explicación sobre su fracaso. No obstante, la publicación confirma la existencia de transformaciones en la sociedad chilena por la multiplicación de los movimientos sociales. La última parte de esta sección, estudia el éxito en las elecciones presidenciales de 1970 por la Unidad Popular (UP) –unión de movimientos y partidos de izquierda, algunos marxistas–. La revista termina analizando la posible presencia de una derecha “fascista” en Chile. Finalmente, el último capítulo, analiza, en cuatro momentos, los tres años de gobierno de la UP y su proyecto “tránsito al socialismo”: “situación continental”, “construcción del un área social dominante”, “crisis de confianza en el juego político de partidos” y “golpe de estado (1973)”