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Journal articles on the topic 'Reward and punishment theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Saputra, Fadhlon, Muhammad Bin Abubakar, and M. Akmal. "The Reward and Punishment of the Civil Servants Apparatus In the Civil Service Police Unit and Wilayatul Hisbah Bener Meriah Regency." Malikussaleh Social and Political Reviews 1, no. 1 (November 18, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/mspr.v1i1.3136.

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This study examines the provision of rewards and punishments to ASN. The research objective was to understand how the process and impact of reward and punishment for ASN in Satpol PP and WH Bener Meriah Regency. The theoretical perspective used is the theory of public organizations, reward, and punishment, and the state civil apparatus. The research method used is qualitative. The results showed that the process of giving rewards and punishments was carried out in three stages: ASN inventory, priority scale creation, and decision making. The positive impact of giving rewards and punishments fo

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Zhang, Liying, Chengliang Wu, and Yan Hao. "How to Improve the Supply of Quasi-Public Forest Infrastructure When Government Is the Leader: Evidence from Experimental Economics." Forests 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2023): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020275.

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Forest infrastructure is an important material basis for healthy forests. According to public goods theory, most forest infrastructures are quasi-public goods, with demand exceeding supply, more than one supplier, unclear responsibilities between suppliers, and a resultant free-rider problem. This study explored ways to improve the supply of goods for forest infrastructure when the government—as leader—cooperates with foresters—as followers. Experimental economics were used to explain the factors that influence the behaviour of forest infrastructure quasi-public goods suppliers; to design twel

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Wei, Guolong, Guoliang Li, and Xue Sun. "Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Regulatory Strategy of Third-Party Environmental Pollution Management." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 15449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215449.

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The “multiple-interaction” model of third-party management for environmental pollution has gradually replaced the traditional “command-and-control” model and become a new trend in governance. This new governance system is accompanied by a lack of regulatory capacity, a single reward and punishment mechanism, and frequent rent-seeking behavior, and other governance problems are becoming increasingly prominent. Based on the premise of limited rationality, considering the possible rent-seeking behavior of pollution control enterprises and professional environmental testing institutions, this pape

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Li, Tao, and Yun Chen. "Do Regulations Always Work? The Moderate Effects of Reinforcement Sensitivity on Deviant Tourist Behavior Intention." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 8 (October 15, 2018): 1317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287518804679.

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Deviant tourist behavior is destructive to both the tourist experience and tourism development. Punishment and reward are two regulation approaches that are widely used to reduce deviant tourist behavior. However, few scholars have considered why punishment and reward are occasionally ineffective. Based on reinforcement sensitivity theory, this article explored the effects of punishment and reward on reducing deviant tourist behavior intention. Following the rules of a quasi-experiment design, a scenario-based survey was conducted to test hypotheses. The results showed that both punishment and

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Zhang, Ziming, Xinping Wang, Chang Su, and Linhui Sun. "Evolutionary Game Analysis of Shared Manufacturing Quality Synergy under Dynamic Reward and Punishment Mechanism." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2022): 6792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136792.

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Quality improvement is crucial for manufacturing, and existing research has paid less attention to the influence of regulatory factors and irrational factors of decision makers. Considering the impact of the reward and punishment strategy of the shared platform on quality decision-making, this paper introduces prospect theory and mental account theory into the process of multi-agent evolutionary game of shared manufacturing, constructs a co-evolutionary game model of shared manufacturing quality synergistic improvement under the dynamic reward and punishment mechanism, and analyzes the dynamic

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Setiawan, Wahyudi. "Reward and Punishment dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam." AL-MURABBI: Jurnal Studi Kependidikan dan Keislaman 4, no. 2 (December 24, 2017): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.53627/jam.v4i2.3171.

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Realizing the nature of the purpose of education is our duty together. A variety of efforts in achieving the goal of education is carried out by all parties, ranging from models, devices, education/educators, and parents together. Reward and punishment is part of the model and strategy in education. A cornerstone in the application of reward and punishment found in the human psychic instincts will feel pleasure when accepting gifts and grieve while receiving punishment. In Islam, there are several verses of the Quran which explains about reward and punishment, and in the West, there is a psych

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Beauducel, André, Martin Kersting, and Detlev Liepmann. "A Multitrait-Multimethod Model for the Measurement of Sensitivity to Reward and Sensitivity to Punishment." Journal of Individual Differences 26, no. 4 (July 2005): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.26.4.168.

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Abstract. It was investigated whether sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment as conceived in Gray's (1991) Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory could be measured by means of a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) model containing method factors representing situational variance. On the basis of the similarities between sensitivity to reward and punishment with promotion- and prevention-orientation, as discussed in the organizational context, the situational contexts were mainly chosen from school and organization. A total of 347 German participants completed a 58-item questionnaire measuring

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Buck, Ross. "Conceptualizing motivation and emotion." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00262420.

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Motivation and emotion are not clearly defined and differentiated in Rolls's The brain and emotion, reflecting a widespread problem in conceptualizing these phenomena. An adequate theory of emotion cannot be based upon reward and punishment alone. Basic mechanisms of arousal, agonistic, and prosocial motives-emotions exist in addition to reward-punishment systems.

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Rolls, Edmund T. "Précis of The brain and emotion." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00002429.

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The topics treated in The brain and emotion include the definition, nature, and functions of emotion (Ch. 3); the neural bases of emotion (Ch. 4); reward, punishment, and emotion in brain design (Ch. 10); a theory of consciousness and its application to understanding emotion and pleasure (Ch. 9); and neural networks and emotion-related learning (Appendix). The approach is that emotions can be considered as states elicited by reinforcers (rewards and punishers). This approach helps with understanding the functions of emotion, with classifying different emotions, and in understanding what inform

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Aghajani, Mitra, Mahshid Izadi, Noorali Farrokhi, and Fariba Hassani. "Investigation of Relationships Between Sensitivity to Reinforcement Traits and Emotion Dysregulation." Practice in Clinical Psychology 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.9.4.771.2.

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Objective: We investigated the relationship between the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) traits and emotion dysregulation signs, including social anxiety, general anxiety, and depression in students. Methods: A total of 189 students of the public universities in Tehran were selected by convenience sampling and answered the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and Punishment Sensitivity Questionnaire and Reward Sensitivity. Data analysis was done using SPSS v. 26 software by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regre

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Tashjian, Sarah M., Toby Wise, and Dean Mobbs. "Model-based prioritization for acquiring protection." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 12 (December 19, 2022): e1010805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010805.

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Protection often involves the capacity to prospectively plan the actions needed to mitigate harm. The computational architecture of decisions involving protection remains unclear, as well as whether these decisions differ from other beneficial prospective actions such as reward acquisition. Here we compare protection acquisition to reward acquisition and punishment avoidance to examine overlapping and distinct features across the three action types. Protection acquisition is positively valenced similar to reward. For both protection and reward, the more the actor gains, the more benefit. Howev

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van der Linden, Dimitri, Debby G. J. Beckers, and Toon W. Taris. "Reinforcement sensitivity theory at work: punishment sensitivity as a dispositional source of job‐related stress." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 7 (November 2007): 889–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.660.

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Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) describes two important personality constructs; sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment. In two studies, we examine whether these constructs can be considered dispositions to work stress. Results of Study 1 (N = 105 employees in different occupations) indicated that employees with strong punishment sensitivity reacted more strongly to work stressors than others. This idea was confirmed in a longitudinal design in Study 2. Reward sensitivity was unrelated to stress in both studies. Overall, results strongly support the idea that punishme

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Le, Thang M., Wuyi Wang, Simon Zhornitsky, Isha Dhingra, Sheng Zhang, and Chiang-Shan R. Li. "Interdependent Neural Correlates of Reward and Punishment Sensitivity During Rewarded Action and Inhibition of Action." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 1662–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz194.

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Abstract Imaging studies have distinguished the brain correlates of approach and avoidance behaviors and suggested the influence of individual differences in trait sensitivity to reward (SR) and punishment (SP) on these neural processes. Theoretical work of reinforcement sensitivity postulates that SR and SP may interdependently regulate behavior. Here, we examined the distinct and interrelated neural substrates underlying rewarded action versus inhibition of action in relation to SR and SP as evaluated by the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Forty-nine health

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Krigolson, Olav E., Cameron D. Hassall, and Todd C. Handy. "How We Learn to Make Decisions: Rapid Propagation of Reinforcement Learning Prediction Errors in Humans." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 3 (March 2014): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00509.

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Our ability to make decisions is predicated upon our knowledge of the outcomes of the actions available to us. Reinforcement learning theory posits that actions followed by a reward or punishment acquire value through the computation of prediction errors—discrepancies between the predicted and the actual reward. A multitude of neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that rewards and punishments evoke neural responses that appear to reflect reinforcement learning prediction errors [e.g., Krigolson, O. E., Pierce, L. J., Holroyd, C. B., & Tanaka, J. W. Learning to become an expert: Reinforcem

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Kweon, Mi-Yun. "The Reward and Punishment points (“Green Mileage”) system in light of Nietzsche’s Theory of Punishment." Journal of Ethics Education Studies 46 (October 31, 2017): 37–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18850/jees.2017.46.02.

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Tri Yuningsih, Titin, and Ilham Sunaryo. "Implementation of Reward and Punishment in Forming Discipline Charachter Early Childhood." Early Childhood Research Journal (ECRJ) 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/ecrj.v4i2.12164.

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According to the theory of Sr. Bondreward and punishment functions to influence positive responses or negative responses. The purpose of a positive response is to change someone's behavior for the better so that their good behavior will always repeat or increase. Meanwhile, the purpose of negative responses is to eliminate someone's bad behavior. Discipline is generally understood as personality and proper rules with certainty or personality that is gained from training such as, for example, "discipline in the classroom" (Dr. Thomas Gordon, 1996: 3). This study aims to analyze a literature, sc

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Wang, Mingbao, Zhiping Du, and Hong Duan. "Study on Participant Behavior Game of Electronic Products Reverse Supply Chain Based on ECP." Journal of Systems Science and Information 5, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 411–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2017-411-24.

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Abstract In this paper, a game model composed of three subjects — government, manufacturer and consumer has been built by using Evolutionary Game Theory on the basis of analyzing the trilateral game strategy of waste mobile reverse supply chain based on ECP; an evolutionary equilibrium model is to be sought for by utilizing the replication dynamic differential equation method; and the trilateral game strategy’s revolutionary trend and consistency have been analyzed by means of SD simulation method when government implements the static or dynamic reward and punishment strategy. The finding resu

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Guo, Feng, Junwu Wang, Denghui Liu, and Yinghui Song. "Evolutionary Process of Promoting Construction Safety Education to Avoid Construction Safety Accidents in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 10392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910392.

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Construction safety is related to the life and health of construction workers and has always been a hot issue of concern for government and construction units. The government can use “construction safety education” to reduce the probability of safety accidents in the construction process and avoid the loss of life and property of construction workers. To encourage construction units to provide safety education for construction workers before construction starts and promote construction workers to actively participate in safety education. In this paper, a tripartite evolutionary game model of g

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Guo, Shaoyong, and Ting Pang. "Simulation of Subject Coordination for a Smart Campus Based on Complex Network and Evolutionary Game Theory." Journal of Function Spaces 2022 (June 26, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4141475.

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The construction of smart campuses can help realize the modernization of higher education. However, the subjects and mechanisms are easily ignored in the construction of smart campuses in colleges and universities. The purpose of this paper is to construct an evolutionary game model based on the complex network structure characteristics of smart campus subjects and the dynamic relationship of collaborative games. Taking the scale-free network as the carrier, the decision-making behavior among subjects is explained. Then, the importance of subject coordination and the effectiveness of the mecha

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Vizcaíno, E. J. V., M. M. Mayor, I. M. Gras, G. P. Alfaro, M. Á. J. Arriero, and G. R. Valladolid. "Sensitivity to reward and sensitivity to punishment as factors for predicting an alcohol use disorder." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71833-8.

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RationaleGray's theory of personality distinguishes two personality dimensions: Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). This construct has been widely used in the field of addictions and the study of impulsivity. BIS and BAS can be measured using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). This questionnaire has been carried out in cross-sectional studies related to alcohol misuse, eating disorders, pathological gambling and cannabis misuse.ObjectivesTo study Sensitivity to Reward and Sensitivity to Punishment as factors tha

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Li, Dayin, and Yubiao Wang. "Online Learning Management for Primary and Secondary Students during the COVID-19 Epidemic: An Evolutionary Game Theory Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 12416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912416.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the management of primary and secondary school students’ online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the impact of stakeholders’ behavioral choices on students’ online learning management. Based on evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs two-game models of "schools-students" and “schools-students-parents”, analyzes the influence of the behavioral interaction of game subjects on the game equilibrium in the two scenarios, and uses MATLAB 2018 software to carry out the numerical simulation. The results show significant differences in

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Sadurski, Wojciech. "Social Justice and the Problem of Punishment." Israel Law Review 25, no. 3-4 (1991): 302–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122370001044x.

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Until very recently the dominant approach to the theory of punishment has been to discuss it in isolation from any general theory of the just distribution of benefits and burdens in a society. Almost without exception, the debate between the competing theories of punishment has run separately from the theory of distributive justice, as if the words “just” in “just punishment” and “just reward” belonged to two different species of “justice”. Perhaps the most important exception to this rule has been the position of radical utilitarians — i.e., act-utilitarians of J. J. C. Smart's genre, or weal

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Freiberg, Arie. "Reward, Law and Power: Toward a Jurisprudence of the Carrot." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 19, no. 2 (June 1986): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486908601900203.

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Positive sanctions play an important but underestimated role in societal regulation. This article examines reward in political and legal theory and explores the conceptual and practical dimensions of reward in the civil and criminal law. It argues that the mechanisms and ideology of reward have facilitated state intervention into private and corporate activity, delayed or denied due process and maintained social inequality. Possible changes in the nature of social control, from punishments to institutionalized rewards through the welfare state, are observed and the implications of such a chang

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Xiong, Xuezhen. "The Impact of Environmental Protection Requirements on the Development of Green Animal Husbandry: An Evolutionary Game between Local Governments and Breeding Companies." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 14374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114374.

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The enhancement of green animal husbandry has a significant effect on carbon emissions, carbon neutrality, and ecological development. Promoting the production transformation of polluting enterprises has caught the attention of local governments, and breeding companies are faced with either maintaining current practices or green development. This study investigated the evolution of decision-making processes between local governments and breeding companies from the perspective of evolutionary game theory, offering an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) for both parties, based on replicator dyn

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Yang, Zhengfan, Kai Zhao, and Qichang Guo. "Mathematical Problems in Engineering Pharmaceutical Cold Chain Transportation Decision Making under the Government’s Reward–Penalty Mechanism: A Perspective of Evolutionary Game Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 11, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1555042.

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In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the cold chain transportation of medicines is becoming more and more critical to the quality and safety of drugs. In order to better motivate the logistics service providers to adopt the cold chain transportation strategy, this paper constructs a multiparty evolutionary game model composed of the government, logistics service providers, and medical institutions, and models behavioral strategies. The interaction is simulated and analyzed. Focusing on the contradictions between cost and service level in cold chain transportation, the revenue-sharing coeff

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Carlin, Laurence. "Reward and Punishment in the Best Possible World: Leibniz's Theory of Natural Retribution." Southern Journal of Philosophy 40, no. 2 (June 2002): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.2002.tb01894.x.

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Wilson, Glenn D., Paul T. Barrett, and Jeffrey A. Gray. "Human reactions to reward and punishment: A questionnaire examination of Gray's personality theory." British Journal of Psychology 80, no. 4 (November 1989): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1989.tb02339.x.

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Fitriani, Apris, and Erwin Dyah Nawawiwetu. "The Relationship Between Antecedent And Consequence Factors With Safety Behaviour In PT.X." Journal Of Vocational Health Studies 1, no. 2 (November 14, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jvhs.v1.i2.2017.50-57.

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Background : Safety behaviour is an act worker to minimize the possibility of accidents in workplace. Based on the Antecedents-Behaviour-Consequence (ABC) theory, safety behaviour of worker related with the antecedent and consequence factors. Purpose : The purpose of this research was to study the association between antecedent and consequence factors with safety behaviour of workers in Ring Frame Unit Spinning II PT. X. Methods : This was an observational descriptive research with cross sectional approach. Sample size was the total population 24 workers. The variables studied were level of kn

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Liu, Nana, and Guohua Zhou. "ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION BEHAVIOR OF MEGAPROJECT PARTICIPANTS UNDER THE REWARD AND PUNISHMENT MECHANISM." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 26, no. 3 (August 22, 2022): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2022.17151.

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Megaprojects are characterized by significant environmental uncertainty and technical complexity, which bring great challenges to engineering construction. Cross-organizational collaborative innovation is an important way to solve these problems. As the main body that understands the difficulties of the construction site and uses innovative products, the participation of megaproject participants is not only conducive to increasing innovation efficiency but also conducive to the application and promotion of innovative achievements. The collaborative innovation behavior of the participants in me

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Harbeck, Emma L., A. Ian Glendon, and Trevor J. Hine. "Reward versus punishment: Reinforcement sensitivity theory, young novice drivers’ perceived risk, and risky driving." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 47 (May 2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2017.04.001.

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Asparida, Asparida. "BAHASA GURU DALAM MENGEKSPRESIKAN PENGHARGAAN (REWARD) DAN HUKUMAN (PUNISHMENT) KEPADA SISWA DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK (TK ) AISYIYAH IV KOTA BENGKULU." Diksa : Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 1, no. 1 (June 20, 2015): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/diksa.v1i1.3137.

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This study aims to determine the teachers' use of language in expressing appreciation and punishment in Kindergarten (TK ) Aisyiyah IV Bengkulu City. The theory is used with respect to theories of language teachers, the theory of appreciation, and the theory of punishment. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. With the source data comes from the learning activities undertaken by teachers and students in kindergarten classes B-1 and B-3 IV Aisyiyah city of Bengkulu with data in the form of language teachers in learning activities obtained from the recording. Data co

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Schreurs, Bert, Hannes Guenter, I. M. 'Jim' Jawahar, and Nele De Cuyper. "Speaking up when feeling job insecure." Journal of Organizational Change Management 28, no. 6 (October 12, 2015): 1107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-02-2015-0027.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which felt job insecurity facilitates or hinders employees from raising voice (i.e. speaking up to their authority). The authors introduce punishment and reward sensitivity, two constructs of reinforcement sensitivity theory, as dispositional factors that might lead employees to appraise felt job insecurity as a hindrance vs challenge stressor. The authors propose employees high on punishment sensitivity to feel more constrained in raising voice because felt job insecurity to them is akin to a threat. Employees high on reward

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Simmons, Jonathan S., and Stephen A. Kent. "Expansion of the Rational Choice Approach." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 6, no. 1 (July 30, 2015): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.v6i1.20430.

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Using primary documents from the Children of God and interviews with current and former members, we argue that commitment to this deviant Christian group during the 1970s must be understood as a complex system of immediate an compensatory rewards and punishments. By arguing in this manner, we critically expand upon the Stark/Bainbridge theory of religion, which underemphasizes or ignores the crucial control functions played by punishment systems. Children of God’s punishment system involved purposive, affective, material, and sensual or bodily restraints, which operated both on immediate and p

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Zarza-Alzugaray, Francisco Javier. "Relación Entre La Sensibilidad Al Premio Y Al Castigo Y Los Niveles Motivacionales. Estudiantes Superiores De Música, Instrumentistas De Viento Metal." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 11 (April 30, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n11p23.

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The sensitivity to reward and punishment, within the theory of anxiety of Gray (1986) is considered as one of the ways to explain different motivational aspects and activators or inhibitors of behavior. In this sense, in this article we present how from the two activation or inhibition of behavior ways we can see how the motivation of a sample of students of higher level wind instruments is modulated and explained. Thus, the specific demands of task related together with the sensitivity to punishment are the factors that have the greatest explanatory and associative power, while factors such a

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Krupić, Dino, Benjamin Banai, and Philip J. Corr. "Relations Between the Behavioral Approach System (BAS) and Self-Reported Life History Traits." Journal of Individual Differences 39, no. 2 (April 2018): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000256.

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Abstract. The behavioral approach system (BAS) has been shown to be important in everyday life. However, its putative evolutionary origins have not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between BAS processes and life history strategies, or lifestyles, within life history theory. The BAS scales were assessed by the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ) and Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ-20), while lifestyles were measured by the Mini-K. Data from 457 participants (173 males) wer

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Leng, Xiamin, Debbie Yee, Harrison Ritz, and Amitai Shenhav. "Dissociable influences of reward and punishment on adaptive cognitive control." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 12 (December 28, 2021): e1009737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009737.

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To invest effort into any cognitive task, people must be sufficiently motivated. Whereas prior research has focused primarily on how the cognitive control required to complete these tasks is motivated by the potential rewards for success, it is also known that control investment can be equally motivated by the potential negative consequence for failure. Previous theoretical and experimental work has yet to examine how positive and negative incentives differentially influence the manner and intensity with which people allocate control. Here, we develop and test a normative model of control allo

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Saguni, Fatimah. "PANDANGAN TENTANG PERKEMBANGAN JENDER." Musawa: Journal for Gender Studies 10, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/msw.v10i1.389.

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The development of thought and empirical studies among experts on human development has given birth to a variety of diverse theories in accordance with the perspectives of thoughts and personal experiences of experts who built the theory. Two social views about gender are psychoanalytic theory and social cognitive theory. According to social cognitive theory, gender develops through a mechanism consisting of observation, imitation, appreciation, and punishment. According to the cognitive view, interaction between children and the social environment is the main key to gender development. Howeve

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Lewis-Beck, Michael S., Richard Nadeau, and Martial Foucault. "The Compleat Economic Voter: New Theory and British Evidence." British Journal of Political Science 43, no. 2 (September 25, 2012): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123412000440.

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Almost all the prolific work done on economic voting has been based on the classic reward–punishment model, which treats the economy as a valence issue. The economy is a valence issue, but it is much more than that. This article explores two other dimensions of economic voting – position and patrimony. Investigating a 2010 British survey containing relevant measures on these three dimensions, the authors estimate their impact on vote intention, using a carefully specified system of equations. According to the evidence reported, each dimension of economic voting has its own independent effect.

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Shemesh, Yael. "Punishment of the offending organ in biblical literature." Vetus Testamentum 55, no. 3 (2005): 343–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568533054359869.

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AbstractOne aspect of the principle of "measure for measure" is considered—the idea that the offending organ is punished. This concept can be found in all the biblical genres: narrative, law, the prophetic literature, poetry, and the wisdom literature. The organs that are punished run almost the full length of the body, from head to toe. Sometimes the concept is invoked literally, sometimes only metaphorically. In most cases the punishment is heaven-sent; but there are no few incidents where human action is involved and even animals (twice). In every case, the principle serves a theological fu

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Slikboer, Reneta, Imogen C. Rehm, Luke Smillie, Susan L. Rossell, and Maja Nedeljkovic. "How reward and punishment are viewed by individuals experiencing trichotillomania according to revised reinforcement sensitivity theory." Clinical Psychologist 23, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cp.12160.

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Rahman, Anugrah Visar, and Endang Dwiyanti. "The Analysis of Worker Safe Behaviour based on the Antencendent Behaviour Consequence (ABC) Behaviour Model." Indonesian Journal Of Occupational Safety and Health 9, no. 3 (November 15, 2020): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v9i3.2020.309-317.

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Introduction: PT. Kreasindo Wira Darma is an electrical construction company offering substation and electrical transmission installation in Indonesia. The common basic cause of work accident is unsafe behaviour and unsafe condition. This research aimed to analyze the safe behaviour of construction workers at Blimbing substation using behaviour-based safety approach and Antencendent, Behaviour, Consequence (ABC) theory. Method: This research was an observational descriptive study using cross-sectional design. The data were collected using questionnaire, observation, and interview. There were a

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Gleave, Robert. "Moral Assessments and Legal Categories." Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 21 (January 4, 2022): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.9375.

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In this chapter, I examine the discussion around the rational and moral basis for legal categories in postclassical Imāmī Twelver Shīʿī legal theory. The debate was pushed forward by the Akhbārī movement in the 17th century CE; they proposed a novel position concerning the rational basis for the law in which reason can determine certain moral aspects of an action (e.g., a good action can be recognised by reason, and its performance attracts praise), but not legal elements (e.g., that the performance of a good action deserves a reward beyond praise). This leaves, for them, the Lawgiver (that is

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Bojar, Abel. "Counter-cyclical Voting in the United Kingdom." Political Studies 65, no. 4 (September 6, 2017): 1040–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321717702399.

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By extending the time-tested reward–punishment hypothesis in economic voting, this article argues that rational voters hold incumbents accountable for the macroeconomic policies they pursue rather than purely for the economic climate that prevails under their tenure. Building on this premise, I first put forward a theory where business cycle fluctuations realign relative fiscal preferences among income groups. This theory’s implications predict that the aggregate electoral response to fiscal decisions evolves in a counter-cyclical fashion. Using quarterly measures of vote intention shares of i

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Jiayi, Wang, and Cheng Ling. "Reviewing Teacher Evaluation of Rewards and Punishments: The Overview of Chinese Teacher Evaluation Research." Education Research International 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/184640.

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The authors chose the teacher evaluation pieces literature of Chinese academic studies as the research object, analyzed the domestic dynamic and the views of some experts in this field, and summarized and compiled the research approaches and research methods of the UK and USA. The study found that whether at China or abroad, the study route is basically along the reward and punishment evaluation, from developmental evaluation to the performance evaluation, and compared to the foreign study, the Chinese studies, whether in theory or in practice, are relatively backward. Combined with the domest

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Sudić, Mislav, Pavle Valerjev, and Josip Ćirić. "Deontic Moral Reasoning Task." Psihologijske teme 28, no. 3 (2019): 483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.28.3.2.

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Domain theory suggests that moral rules and conventions are perceived differently and elicit a different response. A special procedure was designed to test this hypothesis in a laboratory setting using a deontic reasoning task. The goal was to gain insight into the cognitive and metacognitive processes of deontic reasoning from simple deontic premises. In the 3x2x2 within-subjects design, we varied rule-content (moral, conventional, abstract), rule-type (obligation, permission) and the induced dilemma (punishment dilemma, reward dilemma). Participants (N = 78) were presented with 12 laws. Afte

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Marshall, Douglas A. "The Rewards of Punishment: A Relational Theory of Norm Enforcement." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 3 (May 2010): 307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306110367909z.

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Jiang, Linnie, and Ashok Litwin-Kumar. "Models of heterogeneous dopamine signaling in an insect learning and memory center." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): e1009205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009205.

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The Drosophila mushroom body exhibits dopamine dependent synaptic plasticity that underlies the acquisition of associative memories. Recordings of dopamine neurons in this system have identified signals related to external reinforcement such as reward and punishment. However, other factors including locomotion, novelty, reward expectation, and internal state have also recently been shown to modulate dopamine neurons. This heterogeneity is at odds with typical modeling approaches in which these neurons are assumed to encode a global, scalar error signal. How is dopamine dependent plasticity coo

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Cooper, Andrew, and Rapson Gomez. "The Development of a Short Form of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire." Journal of Individual Differences 29, no. 2 (January 2008): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.29.2.90.

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The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) has been proposed as a measure of the behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS). Previous research with the SPSRQ has highlighted potential problems with the factor structure of the measure and individual item properties. The aim of the current studies was to use factor analytic and item response theory (IRT) methods to examine the psychometric properties of the SPSRQ. A further aim was to develop a short version of the SPSRQ. In Study 1, 393 adult participants completed the SPSRQ. The r

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Young, RJ, and CF Cipreste. "Applying animal learning theory: training captive animals to comply with veterinary and husbandry procedures." Animal Welfare 13, no. 2 (May 2004): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600026968.

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AbstractAnimals within zoo environments are learning continuously: they learn signals that predict when food is going to arrive or that the presence of a certain person means that something unpleasant may happen. They may learn to control their environment and caregivers: for example, they may learn that if they perform a particular behaviour (eg repetitive behaviour) they will receive a reward (ie food or attention from a caregiver). Using standard operant conditioning and classical conditioning techniques we can easily modify the behaviour of animals in zoos. Animals can be trained to comply

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Orejudo, Santos, Francisco Javier Zarza-Alzugaray, Oscar Casanova, César Rodríguez-Ledo, and Beatriz Mazas. "The relation of music performance anxiety (MPA) to optimism, self-efficacy, and sensitivity to reward and punishment: Testing Barlow’s theory of personal vulnerability on a sample of Spanish music students." Psychology of Music 45, no. 4 (November 12, 2016): 570–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735616674791.

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Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a phenomenon often encountered among professionals and students who make public appearances. This article presents the results of a study carried out on a sample of music students in superior music conservatories in Spain ( N = 434). Our goal was to analyze MPA on the basis of Barlow’s (2000) anxiety theory, supplementing it with further personality constructs such as dispositional optimism, general auto-efficacy, and sensitivity to reward and punishment. Our structural equation modeling (SEM) results reveal that several of those constructs exert their effect

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