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Journal articles on the topic 'Reza Shah'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ghods, M. Reza. "Iranian nationalism and Reza Shah." Middle Eastern Studies 27, no. 1 (1991): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263209108700845.

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2

Bakhash, Shaul. "Britain and the abdication of Reza Shah." Middle Eastern Studies 52, no. 2 (2015): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2015.1119122.

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3

Ghods, M. Reza. "The Iranian communist movement under Reza Shah." Middle Eastern Studies 26, no. 4 (1990): 506–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263209008700833.

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4

Ehtasi, Narges, and Masomeh Gharadaghi. "Nationalism and Iranshahri Thought in the Transition of Monarchy from Qajar to Pahlavi." Journal of Social-Political Studies of Iran's Culture and History 3, no. 5 (2024): 315–33. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.5.18.

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Nationalism, established as one of the principal and essential ideologies of the modernization movement with the success of the Constitutional Revolution, assumed a central role in the intellectual transformations of the Reza Shah era. Iranshahri thought is among those intellectual currents that can be regarded as a revivalist return to Iran’s ancient cultural heritage. This discourse was primarily shaped by Western-educated intellectuals and the political elites of Iranian society in opposition to Qajar despotism and in pursuit of creating a modern state. The reign of Reza Shah (1925–1941) is

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5

Crow, Karim Douglas. "Reza Shah-Kazemi. The Spirit of Tolerance in Islam." ICR Journal 3, no. 4 (2012): 756–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v3i4.520.

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Once in a long while one meets an imaginative, carefully researched reflection on essential aspects of Islam’s inclusive tolerant stance toward the ‘Other’ - other revealed religions, cultural polities, or contrasting metaphysical systems. Reza Shah-Kazemi, the Managing Editor of Encyclopaedia Islamica in London, has authored several penetrating works treating Islamic spirituality and valuable comparative studies (including Shankara and Ibn al-Arabi; or Buddhism and Islam), and has sensitively explored the qur’anic vision of interfaith dialogue.

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6

Schayegh, Cyrus. "Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi’s Autocracy: Governmental Constraints, 1960s–1970s." Iranian Studies 51, no. 6 (2018): 889–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2018.1522949.

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Schayegh, Cyrus. "“SEEING LIKE A STATE”: AN ESSAY ON THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF MODERN IRAN." International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, no. 1 (2010): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809990523.

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This essay is an attempt to reflect on the past and on possible futures of the historiography of Pahlavi Iran. At its root stands the observation that with the rise of the autocratic Pahlavi dynasty, the state began to cast a long shadow over the way journalists, intellectuals, and scholars saw modern Iran. Key actors—Reza Shah Pahlavi (r. 1921–41) and his bureaucratic elite, and Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (r. 1941–79) and his technocratic elite—produced an image of the state as a unit completely detached from society and omnipotent enough to be the ultimate reference point for all development

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8

Soghomonyan, Hayk. "The British and Soviet occupation of Iran (1941)." Bulletin of Yerevan University D: International Relations and Political Sciences 14, no. 1 (40) (2023): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/bysu:d/2023.14.1.028.

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On 25 August, 1941 British and Soviet troops invaded Iran. At the time, and for many years afterward, the main reason for this was that German influence in Iran at start of the World War 2 was noticeable. Reza Shah Pahlavi’s reliance on German technology for his ambitious development plans worried the Allies, who feared the Germans might make Iran a base for operations against the Soviet Union. In addition, in the wake of the June 1941 German invasion of the USSR, the Allies needed Iran as a channel for supplies to the Soviet Union. Furthermore, London had the defense of India in mind, and it

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9

Zirinsky, Michael P. "Imperial Power and Dictatorship: Britain and the Rise of Reza Shah, 1921–1926." International Journal of Middle East Studies 24, no. 4 (1992): 639–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800022388.

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[Reza Khan] seemed to me a strong and fearless man who had his country's good at heart. —Sir Edmund Ironside, recalling late 1920 Reza… has never spoken for himself, nor… [his] Government… but only on behalf of his country… —Sir Percy Loraine, January 1922 He is secretive, suspicious and ignorant; he appears wholly unable to grasp the realities of the situation or to realise the force of the hostility he has aroused. —Harold Nicolson, September 1926 I fear we can do nothing to humanise this bloodthirsty lunatic. —Sir Robert Vansittart, December 1933 Born in obscurity about 1878 and soon orphan

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10

Putra, Rizki Adi, and Wahyu Hidayat. "Nasionalisasi Minyak dan Kudeta Iran 1953." PERIODE: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 1, no. 1 (2019): 54–69. https://doi.org/10.21009/periode.011.5.

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The writing of the history of the Iranian Revolution in Indonesia has been overwhelming. But there is one story that is often forgotten in an effort to investigate the Iranian Revolution, namely the attempt to nationalize Iranian oil and the Iranian coup in 1953. Revolution is not a single incident that occurs suddenly, revolution is a series of processes after processes that can finally change the status quo. In Iran's efforts to nationalize its oil, it suffered strong opposition from the United Kingdom to mengigat Iranian oil is very important for Britain, especially for its navy. But the in

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11

Muzaffar, Muhammad. "Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi Reign: An Analysis of White Revolution." PAKISTAN LANGUAGES AND HUMANITIES REVIEW 2, no. II (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2018(2-ii)2.1.

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12

Masterton, Rebecca. "The Spirit of Tolerance in Islam by Reza Shah-Kazemi." Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies 6, no. 3 (2013): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/isl.2013.0025.

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13

Ettehadieh, Mansoureh, and Kaveh Bayat. "The Reza Shah period: document collections recently published in Iran." Iranian Studies 26, no. 3-4 (1993): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210869308701813.

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14

Özdemir, Zelal. "Tracing the International Dimensions of Iranian Nationalism: The Era of Mohammad Reza Shah." Iran and the Caucasus 25, no. 1 (2021): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20210106.

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This study explores the reconstruction of Iranian national identity during the Mohammad Reza Shah era (1953 to 1979). Drawing on materials collected from the memoirs and statements of the Shah and the key actors of the era and using Historical Sociology in International Relations as its theoretical backbone, it aims to unravel the constitutive role of the international on the formation of Iranian state nationalism. It argues that in order to understand the meaning attached to being Iranian, we should look into the specifics of international- domestic interaction, as Iranian national identity h

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15

Elham, Mohammad Bashir, and Shirali Samimi. "cultural relationship between Afghanistan and Iran during the reign of Amir Amanullah Khan." Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 08 (2023): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/sjahss.v2i08.123.

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After the end of the First World War, Amanullah Khan came to power with the contribution of the Afghan people and Reza Shah with the help of the British in the two countries of Afghanistan and Iran with a short distance from each other. Each of these kings in the early years of their reigns, trying to stabilize their position, preferred to postpone dealing with their fundamental differences in the borders, which were a legacy of the past, to another time and have good relations with each other. In this way, Amanullah Khan was a guest of Reza Shah on his return from his European trip and visite

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16

Ravandi-Fadai, Lana M. "The Most Luxurious Royal Celebration in Modern History: Celebrating 2,500th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Persian Empire in Iran." Oriental Courier, no. 1-2 (2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310015772-7.

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The article describes a unique in terms of luxury and used resources celebration of the 2500th anniversary of the Persian Empire, held near the ruins of the ancient Achaemenid capital on the initiative of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. The author suggests that this inadequately expensive event was one of the reasons for the 1979 revolution and the flight of the Shah from the country.

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17

Daneshjoo, Hamideh, Hadi Vakili, and Fatemeh Jan Ahmadi. "Explanation and Analysis of Imam Khomeini's Stance on Pahlavi Policies Regarding Women, with an Emphasis on the Unveiling Policy." Journal of Social-Political Studies of Iran's Culture and History 3, no. 3 (2024): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.17.

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Addressing women's issues and providing innovative solutions has always been part of modernization in the contemporary world and Iran. In his authoritarian modernization, Reza Shah, with a quasi-modernist approach to the issue of women, adopted the policy of banning and unveiling the hijab. This policy, while maintaining its foundations, continued during the reign of the second Pahlavi with changes in method. This policy provoked widespread social reaction and resistance from segments of society and religious leaders. Among them, Imam Khomeini, in his speeches, repeatedly referred to this gove

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18

Monirinejad, Mahdi, Arman Heidari, and Keshvad Siahpour. "ROLE OF INTELLECTUALS IN TRIBAL POLICIES OF REZA SHAH REGIME: A STUDY FOCUSING ON THE BAKHTIARI AND QASHQAEI TRIBE." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 4 (2020): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8480.

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Purpose of the study: Following the entrance of Reza Shah into Iran’s political scene, the Persian archaist and nationalist intellectuals started to support him. These intellectuals believed that only through a central government with a Persian Nationalism could establish a united national nation-state in Iran. They played a key role in paving the path for the formation of a united nation-state and tackling the existing barriers before its path, e.g. the semi-autonomous traditional tribal governments, through establishing parties, societies, and newspapers and various activities in the adminis

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19

Hilal Anaz, Zaid, and Nusseibeh Abdullah. "Women in the technical Term of Mustafa Kemal and Reza Shah." College Of Basic Education Research Journal 16, no. 4 (2020): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/berj.2020.167219.

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20

Bonakdarian, Mansour, and Mohammad Gholi Majd. "Great Britain & Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921-1941." Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 34, no. 4 (2002): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4054714.

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21

Matar, Muhammed, and Ali Muhammad. "The political activity of Ziauddin Tabatabaei in Iran 1944-1946 AD." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 15 (2013): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2013/v1.i15.6467.

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The history of Iran is of great importance to researchers and historians due to its sensitive location on the Arabian Gulf and its riches that were the focus of attention of major countries.Among the personalities who played a distinguished role on the Iranian political arena was Diaa al-Din Tabatabaei, who lived in three different stages of modern and contemporary Iranian history, the period of the Qajar state and its fall in 1925 AD, and the Pahlavi state, which was characterized by two different eras, the reign of Reza Shah 1926-1941 AD, and was succeeded by his son, Muhammad Reza. Pahlavi

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22

Sujati, Budi. "Peran Ayatullah Khomeini dalam Revolusi Islam di Iran 1979." Rihlah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan 7, no. 1 (2019): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/rihlah.v7i1.7756.

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Khomeini was a great scholar and leader of the Iranian Islamic Revolution. Khomeini's role in the Revolution was a struggle that never ceased to overthrow Shah Reza Pahlevi. The fall of the monarchy to the Islamic Republic of Iran system made Khomeini the most influential actor in the eruption of the Islamic revolution in Iran. This certainly has an impact on Iran's development until now. This paper outlines the role of ulama in the occurrence of a revolution. His role was to invite the public to oppose Shah's policies through political lectures both on the pulpit and on tapes. His influence i

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23

Sumarno, Wisnu Fachrudin. "Sejarah Politik Republik Islam Iran Tahun 1905-1979." SANGKéP: Jurnal Kajian Sosial Keagamaan 3, no. 2 (2020): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/sangkep.v3i2.1931.

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Iran merupakan negara Islam yang banyak dibicarakan baik dalam sejarah maupun sistem perpolitikannya. Negara Iran merupakan negara penganut paham syiah yang paling besar. Sejarah berdirinya negara Iran dan sistem politik kekuasaan Iran hampir seperti sistem monarki mulai dari Persia, dinasti Safawiyah hingga rezim Qajar, kemudian berlanjut dengan sistem militer yang otoriter pada masa Reza Shah Pahlevi sesudah menaklukkan Rezim Qajar sampai putranya Muhammad Reza Pahlevi, dan terakhir Theo-demokrasi dengan Waliyat al Faqih semenjak terjadinya revolusi Iran pada tahun 1979 yang dipimpin oleh Ay

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24

Shahriari, Kamyab. "Modernization Process in Iran: Historical Overview." Journal of Social Science Studies 4, no. 1 (2017): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v4i1.10206.

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Modernization process in Iran began in 19th century by Iranian officials like Abbas Mirza Ghaem Magham and Amir Kabir in order to change the traditional structure of government and replace it with a new and modern one. After the establishment of Pahlavi dynasty, the process of modernization continued by Reza Shah and Mohammad Reza Shah. After the victory of Islamic revolution of 1979 modernization didn’t stop and continued until now. This paper examines the process of modernization in Iran from 19th century up to the present. Research shows that although 100 years have passed since the victory

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25

Farahzadi, Amir. "The Educative Conversation of Imam Khomeini in Islamic Republic Victory." Journal of Studies in Education 7, no. 1 (2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jse.v7i1.10332.

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One of the most efficient weapons of dominators, was anonymity of dominated societies to continue to rule. In recent decades, there were high trying to make the third world societies in dream and make the people understood that they are dependent to other people and other societies. In Reza Khan Era, England country was idea maker in his rule in all dimensions of the country. So, his ruling method was formed based on England thought and idea and in hid son Era, some American policies were replaced. Mohammad Reza Shah, tried to advertise about the western culture, and he founded the country con

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26

Filin, Nikita A., Eradzh B. Boev, and Aleksandr S. Khodunov. "THE DISCOURSE OF THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN MOHAMMAD REZA SHAH AND AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI IN IRAN IN 1978-1979." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 5 (2024): 35–48. https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2024-5-35-48.

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The Islamic Revolution in Iran is considered one of the most important political events of the second half of the 20th century. It was quite unexpected, since the Shah’s regime seemed very stable and economically successful. The revolution was led by the conservative Shiite clergy led by Khomeini. The confrontation between the Shah’s regime and the movement of Ayatollah Khomeini began in the early 1960s, and in 1978–1979 entered the most violent phase, which was accompanied by conflict discourse on both sides. Khomeini took an irreconcilable position towardsthe Shah and criticized his every ac

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27

G.N, Khaki, and Mohd Altaf Bhat. "Pahlavi's the Pioneers of Education in Iran: A Study of Reza Shah." http://www.crossref.org/webDeposit/ 3, no. 3 (2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ije.2015.3305.

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SAKURAI, Keiko. "Delvlopment and Purose of Sporting Events during the Reign of Iran's Reza Shah." Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan 33, no. 2 (1990): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5356/jorient.33.2_65.

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29

Khakpour, Arta. "A divorce of avant-gardes: Surrealism and socialism in post-Reza Shah Iran." Middle Eastern Literatures 19, no. 2 (2016): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475262x.2016.1199092.

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30

Abrahamian, Ervand, and Cyrus Ghani. "Iran and the Rise of Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Rule." American Historical Review 105, no. 2 (2000): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1571622.

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31

Mueller, Chelsi. "Anglo-Iranian Treaty Negotiations: Reza Shah, Teymurtash and the British Government, 1927–32." Iranian Studies 49, no. 4 (2015): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2015.1016820.

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32

Amanolahi, Sekandar. "Reza Shah and the Lurs: the Impact of the Modern State On Luristan." Iran and the Caucasus 6, no. 1 (2002): 193–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338402x00124.

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33

Khoshnood, Ardavan, and Arvin Khoshnood. "The death of an emperor – Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi and his political cancer." Alexandria Journal of Medicine 52, no. 3 (2016): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2015.11.002.

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34

Chehabi, Houchang E. "Staging the emperor's new clothes: dress codes and nation‐building under Reza Shah." Iranian Studies 26, no. 3-4 (1993): 209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210869308701800.

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35

Abdel-Alak, Dr Ahmed Shaker, and Dr Abdullah Lafteh Al-Budairi. "The Visit of the Shah of Iran to Washington in October 21-23, 1969: A study in the U.S Department of State’s reports." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 225, no. 2 (2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v225i2.134.

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Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi tried in his visit to Washington to give the impression to the US administration that he was able to protect the interests of the United States in Iran and in the whole Arabian Gulf and the Middle East. The visit of the Shah represented a new turning point in the history of the Iranian - US relations. It included the discussion of issues concerning both countries, especially the issue of arms and the production and sale of Iranian oil after the announcement of the British government's desire to withdraw from the Gulf region within three years. The America

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36

Summitt, April R. "For a White Revolution: John F. Kennedy and the Shah of Iran." Middle East Journal 58, no. 4 (2004): 560–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/58.4.12.

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The story of American relations with Iran during the Kennedy administration is one of misunderstandings and missed opportunities. Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi often manipulated and thwarted Kennedy's policy toward Iran and used American fears of Communism to gain increased financial aid and military support. Disagreements among US policy-makers also contributed to an inconsistent policy toward Iran. These factors resulted in the bolstering of a dictatorship out of touch with the Iranian people, inevitably leading to the revolution that occurred in 1978-79.

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37

hakaminia, fateme, and Ghobad Mansourbakht. "Reflection of Reza Khan's Relations with the constitutional constitution in the works of Official Historians of the Pahlavi Period." Journal of Social-Political Studies of Iran's Culture and History 2, no. 3 (2023): 56–73. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.2.3.4.

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The objective of the Constitutional Movement was to fundamentally transform the political system of Iran and to shift from an autocratic government to one based on law. However, with Reza Khan's coup in 1920 (Gregorian Calendar), the overthrow of the Qajar dynasty contrary to the constitutional law, the transformation of constitutional monarchy into modern dictatorship, and the revival of autocracy from the outset, he established the foundation of this dynasty on a legitimacy crisis. The question of this article is what strategies did the propaganda apparatus (especially the official historian

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38

Ardashnikova, Anna. "Two Faces of Urbanization in the Muslim East: Tehran in the Second Half of the 19th Сentury — 1930s." ISTORIYA 14, № 10 (132) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840028603-2.

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In this study the authors examine the main stages of evolution and social characteristics of the capital cities in the Muslim East on the example of Tehran, which over the course of a century has made its way from the medieval Shah&apos;s residence to the capital of a modern country. This period in the history of Iran was marked by a gradual modernization of state and society, associated with the personalities of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar and the new ruler Reza Shah Pahlavi, who managed to offer a radical way to transform the country basing on a new ideological doctrine, the symbolic express

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Parviz Nikravesh. "Pathology of Nationalism Discourse in Contemporary Iran in the Shadow of Reading the Works of Contemporary Iranian Intellectuals." Power System Technology 48, no. 2 (2024): 927–51. https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.606.

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The pathology of nationalism discourse in the contemporary era in the works of Sadegh Hedayat and Ahmed Kasravi in the government of that time required political and cultural measures. The main question of this research is that what are the most important features of the discourse of nationalism in the works of Sadegh Hedayat and Ahmed Kasravi, which can be observed by rereading their works? The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The results and findings of the research show that the emphasis on components such as royal depiction of the king's intellect, promoting a sense of

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40

Wynn, Antony. "The Fall of Reza Shah: The Abdication, Exile and Death of Modern Iran’s Founder." Asian Affairs 52, no. 3 (2021): 749–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2021.1943966.

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Matthee, Rudi. "Transforming dangerous nomads into useful artisans, technicians, agriculturists: education in the Reza Shah period." Iranian Studies 26, no. 3-4 (1993): 313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210869308701804.

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Ansari, Ali M. "The Myth of the White Revolution: Mohammad Reza Shah, 'Modernization' and the Consolidation of Power." Middle Eastern Studies 37, no. 3 (2001): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714004408.

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43

Salari, Maryam, Soheila Torabi Farsani, and Naser Jadidi. "Economic Transformations in Iran During Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's Era: Development Plans and Their Consequences." Journal of Social-Political Studies of Iran's Culture and History 3, no. 3 (2024): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.3.19.

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This paper examines the economic transformations in Iran during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, focusing on the development plans and their consequences. Shah's domestic and foreign economic policies were heavily influenced by his political objectives. From the late 1940s onwards, various development plans were implemented, significantly aiding infrastructure and industrial development. The first and second development plans focused on infrastructure and agriculture, while the third and fourth plans emphasized heavy industry and supporting infrastructure. These plans led to significan

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44

Zirinsky, Michael P. "Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's: American presbyterian educators and Reza Shah." Iranian Studies 26, no. 3-4 (1993): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210869308701805.

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45

Shah Vaisi, Soheila, Asghar Partovi, and Mahdi Khoshkhatti. "Economic Transformations in Iran During Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's Era: Development Plans and Their Consequences." Journal of Social-Political Studies of Iran's Culture and History 3, no. 1 (2024): 392–405. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jspsich.3.1.22.

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This paper examines the economic transformations in Iran during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, focusing on the development plans and their consequences. Shah's domestic and foreign economic policies were heavily influenced by his political objectives. From the late 1940s onwards, various development plans were implemented, significantly aiding infrastructure and industrial development. The first and second development plans focused on infrastructure and agriculture, while the third and fourth plans emphasized heavy industry and supporting infrastructure. These plans led to significan

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46

Arabadzhyan, Z. A. "Republican Movement in Iran and the reasons of its failure (January – March 1924)." Minbar. Islamic Studies 13, no. 4 (2020): 794–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2020-13-4-794-823.

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By the beginning of the twentieth century for almost 2500 years of its history,Iranwas an originally monarchical country, where the republican ideas and traditions were completely untypical. Nevertheless, from the end of December 1923, the society traced the idea of overthrowing Ahmed Shah Qajar and replacing constitutional monarchy with a republic. The main source of the republican movement was the Tajjaddod (Renaissance) Party, led by Seyyed Mohamed Tadayon. In fact, the whole process was initiated by an almighty dictator Reza Khan (whose honorary title was Sardar Sepah). He held the posts o

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47

Forughi, Mohammad-Ali. "The History of Modernization of Law." Journal of Persianate Studies 3, no. 1 (2010): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187471610x505942.

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AbstractMohammad Ali Khan, Zokā’ al-Molk, later Forughi, became Minister of Justice in December 1911 (until June 1912 and again from August 1914 to April 1915), following Moshir al-Dawla Pirniā and continuing the legal reform the latter had initiated in 1911. Forughi also served as Prime Minister of Iran several times, lastly in 1941-42 (1320), when he arranged the abdication of Reza Shah and the succession of his son, Mohammad-Reza Pahlavi, shortly before his death in November 1942. This lecture was given at the Faculty of Law and Political Science at the new University of Tehran is an import

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Kirichenko, Vladimir. "IRAN-SYRIA: FACTORS OF COOPERATION AND RAPPROCHEMENT." Russia and the moslem world, no. 1 (2021): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rmw/2021.01.06.

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The article is about Iran-Syria relations. Bilateral ties between these countries were not friendly under Shah Reza Pahlavi (1919-1980), despite a thaw in relations in the 1970s. Having lost the U.S. support, Iran needed allies immediately after the Islamic revolution (1978-1979), which led to a rapprochement with Syria. The Iranian leadership also shared the Syrian point of view regarding Israel. All these factors have encouraged the bilateral ties strengthening. Iran has supported Bashar al-Assad's regime, providing Syria with both financial and military assistance since the beginning of the

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Baranov, Alexey V. "Imam Khomeini’s «Islamic Awakening» and Shahinshah Mohammad Reza-Pahlavi’s «White Revolution» (on the Issue of Relations with the West)." Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, no. 1 (March 25, 2023): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2023-1-12-18.

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The article attempts an analytical analysis of the views of Imam Khomeini on the need for an inevitable revision and rejection of the pro-Western policy of Shahinshah Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, carried out within the framework of the «White Revolution». The article is based on the analysis of Imam Khomeini’s public speeches, which appeared during his forced stay in France before the revolution itself, when he had the opportunity to directly address the Western audience, trying to explain the real state of affairs in pre-revolutionary Iran. It was after this that the figure of Khomeini began t

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Ara, Maral Chamanara, and Fatemeh Abbasi. "CONSIDER THE EVOLUTION OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN THE BUILDINGS AFFECTED B Y THE PAHLAVI ERA." EPH - International Journal of Applied Science 1, no. 1 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/eijas.v1i1.4.

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Iranian architecture from the late Qajar and Pahlavi periods was chaos and confusion. In this period we also saw the construction of buildings, each of which represents one of the schools of thought are certain periods of Iranian history, During Reza Shah with regard to the attitude that he and government officials in Iran. Tried to organize a government office in accordance with the forms is available in Europe .National style architecture in such a way Reza Shah National Romanticism and was a manifestation of ancient history. But during the second Pahlavi serious changes in ideas and archite

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