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Journal articles on the topic 'RF field sensors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 February 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Deprez, Kenneth, Loek Colussi, Erdal Korkmaz, et al. "Comparison of Low-Cost 5G Electromagnetic Field Sensors." Sensors 23, no. 6 (2023): 3312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063312.

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This paper compares different low-cost sensors that can measure (5G) RF-EMF exposure. The sensors are either commercially available (off-the-shelf Software Defined Radio (SDR) Adalm Pluto) or constructed by a research institution (i.e., imec-WAVES, Ghent University and Smart Sensor Systems research group (S³R), The Hague University of Applied Sciences). Both in-lab (GTEM cell) and in-situ measurements have been performed for this comparison. The in-lab measurements tested the linearity and sensitivity, which can then be used to calibrate the sensors. The in-situ testing confirmed that the low-

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Song, Zhenfei, Wanfeng Zhang, Qi Wu, et al. "Field Distortion and Optimization of a Vapor Cell in Rydberg Atom-Based Radio-Frequency Electric Field Measurement." Sensors 18, no. 10 (2018): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103205.

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Highly excited Rydberg atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell are promising for developing a radio-frequency (RF) electric field (E-field) sensor and relevant measurement standards with high accuracy and sensitivity. The all-optical sensing approach is based on electromagnetically-induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting induced by the RF E-field. Systematic investigation of measurement uncertainty is of great importance for developing a national measurement standard. The presence of a dielectric vapor cell containing alkali atoms changes the magnitude, polarization, and spatial distri

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Thormählen, Lars, Dennis Seidler, Viktor Schell, Frans Munnik, Jeffrey McCord, and Dirk Meyners. "Sputter Deposited Magnetostrictive Layers for SAW Magnetic Field Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 24 (2021): 8386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248386.

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For the best possible limit of detection of any thin film-based magnetic field sensor, the functional magnetic film properties are an essential parameter. For sensors based on magnetostrictive layers, the chemical composition, morphology and intrinsic stresses of the layer have to be controlled during film deposition to further control magnetic influences such as crystallographic effects, pinning effects and stress anisotropies. For the application in magnetic surface acoustic wave sensors, the magnetostrictive layers are deposited on rotated piezoelectric single crystal substrates. The thermo

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Kim, Sangkil, Manos Tentzeris, and Apostolos Georgiadis. "Hybrid Printed Energy Harvesting Technology for Self-Sustainable Autonomous Sensor Application." Sensors 19, no. 3 (2019): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030728.

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In this paper, the far-field energy harvesting system for self-sustainable wireless autonomous sensor application is presented. The proposed autonomous sensor system consists of a wireless power supplier (active antenna) and far-field energy harvesting technology-enabled autonomous battery-less sensors. The wireless power supplier converts solar power to electromagnetic power in order to transfer power to multiple autonomous sensors wirelessly. The autonomous sensors have far-field energy harvesters which convert transmitted RF power to voltage regulated DC power to power-on the sensor system.

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Pekgor, Metin, Reza Arablouei, Mostafa Nikzad, and Syed Masood. "Displacement Estimation via 3D-Printed RFID Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: Leveraging Machine Learning and Photoluminescence to Overcome Data Gaps." Sensors 24, no. 4 (2024): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24041233.

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Monitoring object displacement is critical for structural health monitoring (SHM). Radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors can be used for this purpose. Using more sensors enhances displacement estimation accuracy, especially when it is realized through the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms for predicting the direction of arrival of the associated signals. Our research shows that ML algorithms, in conjunction with adequate RFID passive sensor data, can precisely evaluate azimuth angles. However, increasing the number of sensors can lead to gaps in the data, which typical numerical

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Ariana, Aly Nur, and Zainal Abidin. "RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM IRIGASI PEMBIBITAN PENGKONDISIAN LAHAN PADI BERBASIS ATMEGA328 DAN MONITORING JARAK JAUH DENGAN RADIO FREKUENSI 433 MHZ." Jurnal Teknika 10, no. 1 (2018): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/teknika.v10i1.207.

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System of open-close channel or water pipe irrigation is a widely used method. Required a system that can automate the system of irrigation field so that water contribution can be done evenly and enough. As the development of an automatic field irrigation system by utilizing electrode level sensor performance, to open and close the water distribution pipe automatically with the help of ATmega328 microcontroller as the central controller system that will be embedded code-code program that is needed and can be monitored from remotely wirelessly. In this research will discuss how to make an irrig

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Rushton, Lucas Martin, Laura Mae Ellis, Jake David Zipfel, Patrick Bevington, and Witold Chalupczak. "Performance of a Radio-Frequency Two-Photon Atomic Magnetometer in Different Magnetic Induction Measurement Geometries." Sensors 24, no. 20 (2024): 6657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24206657.

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Measurements monitoring the inductive coupling between oscillating radio-frequency magnetic fields and objects of interest create versatile platforms for non-destructive testing. The benefits of ultra-low-frequency measurements, i.e., below 3 kHz, are sometimes outweighed by the fundamental and technical difficulties related to operating pick-up coils or other field sensors in this frequency range. Inductive measurements with the detection based on a two-photon interaction in rf atomic magnetometers address some of these issues as the sensor gains an uplift in its operational frequency. The de

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Chou, Jung-Chuan, and Chien-Cheng Chen. "WEIGHTED DATA FUSION FOR FLEXIBLE pH SENSORS ARRAY." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 21, no. 06 (2009): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237209001465.

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Data fusion is a frequent statistic method that can be applied to sensor development field, such as multisensors and sensors array. In this study, the analytic data fusion methods consist of the arithmetic mean and weighted data fusion used to estimate the measured pH data of flexible pH sensors array. The main part of the flexible 2 × 4 pH sensors array was fabricated by screen printing, and the ruthenium dioxide ( RuO2 ) thin film on each sensor of the sensor array was deposited by radio frequency (RF)-sputtering method. In accordance with experiment results, the pH values estimated by weigh

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9

Zhang, Mingguang, Mengyun Li, Wei Xu, et al. "Soft Wireless Passive Chipless Sensors for Biological Applications: A Review." Biosensors 15, no. 1 (2024): 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15010006.

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Soft wireless passive sensors have been applied in biological, engineering, and other fields due to their advantages in powerless supply and remote data transmission. External information is obtained by soft wireless passive sensors via the external coils based on electromagnetic induction. The purpose of this review paper is to outline the biological applications of soft wireless passive chipless sensors and provide a classification of wireless passive sensors and an overall explanation of the main work. Three kinds of soft wireless sensors, soft wireless passive LC-resonant sensors, soft wir

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Tien, Chuen-Lin, Tzu-Chi Mao, and Chi-Yuan Li. "Lossy Mode Resonance Sensors Fabricated by RF Magnetron Sputtering GZO Thin Film and D-Shaped Fibers." Coatings 10, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010029.

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We demonstrate a new refractive index (RI) and salinity sensor based on a lossy mode resonance (LMR) effect which combines fiber-optic side-polishing and radio-frequency (RF) sputtering techniques. The side-polished fiber can enhance optical fibers to generate an evanescent field in sensing applications. Gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) thin films produce a high attenuation lossy mode resonance effect that permits a highly sensitive refractive index and salinity fiber sensor. GZO thin film was prepared by an RF magnetron sputtering method. The thickness of the D-shaped fiber sensing device was 7

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11

Jung. "An Integrated Photonic Electric-Field Sensor Utilizing a 1 × 2 YBB Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Modulator with a Titanium-Diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguide and a Dipole Patch Antenna." Crystals 9, no. 9 (2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9090459.

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We studied photonic electric-field sensors using a 1 × 2 YBB-MZI modulator composed of two complementary outputs and a 3 dB directional coupler based on the electro-optic effect and titanium diffused lithium–niobate optical waveguides. The measured DC switching voltage and extinction ratio at the wavelength 1.3 μm were ~16.6 V and ~14.7 dB, respectively. The minimum detectable fields were ~1.12 V/m and ~3.3 V/m, corresponding to the ~22 dB and ~18 dB dynamic ranges of ~10 MHz and 50 MHz, respectively, for an rf power of 20 dBm. The sensor shows an almost linear response to the applied electric

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12

Natarajan, Vishwanath, Rajarajan Senguttuvan, Shreyas Sen, and Abhjit Chatterjee. "Built-in Test Enabled Diagnosis and Tuning of RF Transmitter Systems." VLSI Design 2008 (June 23, 2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/418165.

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Built-In RF test is a challenging problem due to the need to measure the values of complex test specifications on-chip with the precision of external RF test equipment. BIT techniques are necessary for guiding system adaptation during field operation. Prior research has demonstrated that embedded RF sensors can generate significant information about RF circuit performance. In this paper, we propose a test methodology that enables efficient BIT and BIT-enabled tuning of RF systems. A test generation approach is developed that co-optimizes the applied test stimulus, the type of embedded sensors,

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Rouzaud, A., and G. Pares. "Interposers: A Central Generic Technology for IoT." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, no. 1 (2015): 000014–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-tp13.

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Also sometimes referred to as 2.5D integration, interposers are now a true and important component of the “3D world” based on die stacking technologies. Considered as an intermediate step in the field of high density die stacking (memory on logic, logic on logic, etc) this technology is on the other hand fully generic to manufacture heterogeneous systems which will constitute the basic of IoT (sensor with simple logic, RF capabilities and even energy harvesting). This paper presents first a short overview of the core technologies needed in this field. The versatility of these technical blocks,

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14

Xu, Haoran, Jianghua Ding, and Jian Dang. "Design and Characteristics of CMOS Inverter based on Multisim and Cadence." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2108, no. 1 (2021): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012034.

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Abstract Known as complementary symmetrical metal oxide semiconductor (cos-mos), complementary metal oxide semiconductor is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) manufacturing process, which uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs to realize logic functions. CMOS technology is used to build integrated circuit (IC) chips, including microprocessors, microcontrollers, memory chips (including CMOS BIOS) and other digital logic circuits. CMOS technology is also used in analog circuits, such as image sensors (CMOS sensors), data converters, RF cir

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15

Bonavolontà, C., M. Valentino, V. Palmieri, and V. Rampazzo. "Magnetic field sensors applied to electropolishing of superconducting RF TESLA-type cavities." Physica C: Superconductivity 441, no. 1-2 (2006): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2006.03.058.

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Schmitz, Seán, Sherry Towers, Guillermo Villena, et al. "Unravelling a black box: an open-source methodology for the field calibration of small air quality sensors." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 11 (2021): 7221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-7221-2021.

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Abstract. The last 2 decades have seen substantial technological advances in the development of low-cost air pollution instruments using small sensors. While their use continues to spread across the field of atmospheric chemistry, the air quality monitoring community, and for commercial and private use, challenges remain in ensuring data quality and comparability of calibration methods. This study introduces a seven-step methodology for the field calibration of low-cost sensor systems using reference instrumentation with user-friendly guidelines, open-access code, and a discussion of common ba

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17

Yang, Po-Hui, Ying-Sheng Chang, and Che-Tsung Chan. "ZnO and AZO Film Potentiometric pH Sensors Based on Flexible Printed Circuit Board." Chemosensors 10, no. 8 (2022): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10080293.

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In this study, we deposited zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) on the electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) of a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) as a potentiometric pH sensor. The sensing films of the pH sensor were fabricated by a radio frequency (RF) sputtering system and analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the pH 2 to 10 buffer solutions, it was observed that the characteristics of the pH sensor through the voltage–time (V-T) measurement system include average sensitivity and linearity, dr

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18

Kuriyama, Y., Y. Iwashita, Y. Fuwa, H. Tongu, H. Hayano, and R. L. Geng. "Development of a strip-shaped X-ray mapping system for 9-cell superconducting cavities." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 09 (2024): P09037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/09/p09037.

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Abstract Electrons emitted via field emission during superconducting (SC) radio-frequency (RF) cavity tests at vertical test stands often collide with the iris region inside the cavity, generating X-rays at these locations. In 1.3 GHz 9-cell SC RF cavities designed for the International Linear Collider (ILC), stiffener rings located outside the iris region between cells can interfere with X-ray detection, complicating the precise identification of field emission sites. Hence, we developed a high-density strip X-ray mapping systems (sX-map) that can be inserted into the iris region of ILC-type

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19

Ashraf, Imran, Soojung Hur, and Yongwan Park. "MagIO: Magnetic Field Strength Based Indoor- Outdoor Detection with a Commercial Smartphone." Micromachines 9, no. 10 (2018): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9100534.

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A wide range of localization techniques has been proposed recently that leverage smartphone sensors. Context awareness serves as the backbone of these localization techniques, which helps them to shift the localization technologies to improve efficiency and energy utilization. Indoor-outdoor (IO) context sensing plays a vital role for such systems, which serve both indoor and outdoor localization. IO systems work with collaborative technologies including the Global Positioning System (GPS), cellular tower signals, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and a variety of smartphone sensors. GPS- and Wi-Fi-based syste

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20

Costanzo, Alessandra, Elisa Augello, Giulia Battistini, Francesca Benassi, Diego Masotti, and Giacomo Paolini. "Microwave Devices for Wearable Sensors and IoT." Sensors 23, no. 9 (2023): 4356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094356.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is currently highly demanded in multiple scenarios and in particular plays an important role in solving medical-related challenges. RF and microwave technologies, coupled with wireless energy transfer, are interesting candidates because of their inherent contactless spectrometric capabilities and for the wireless transmission of sensing data. This article reviews some recent achievements in the field of wearable sensors, highlighting the benefits that these solutions introduce in operative contexts, such as indoor localization and microwave sensing. Wirele

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21

Katbay, Zahra, Dimitrios Sounas, and Mohammed Ismail. "Scatterers in the Rx Near Field for RF Energy Harvesting Efficiency Enhancement." Energies 15, no. 6 (2022): 2109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062109.

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In this paper, we investigate the enhancement of RF–RF energy harvesting efficiency (erf–rf) in multipath environments in the context of wireless power transfer (WPT). For this, we used a retrodirective transmitting (Tx) antenna array resonating at 2.4 GHz and a receiving (Rx) antenna surrounded by scatterers placed in the Rx near field. The Rx resides in the Tx far field. We showed that in a medium made of a random distribution of scatterers, a time-reversed wave field interacts with the random medium to regenerate not only the propagating waves but also the evanescent waves required to refoc

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DUAN Haonan, JI Zhonghua, LIU Weixin, SU Dianqiang, LI Jingkuan, and ZHAO Yanting. "Study on the Spectral Characteristics of Floquet-EIT dressed by Radio Frequency Field in a DC Electric Field." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 8 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250052.

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Rydberg atoms are a type of atoms characterized by high principal quantum numbers. Due to their large polarizability, electric field sensors based on Rydberg atoms have attracted considerable attention. However, research on direct current (DC) electric fields or lowfrequency electric fields utilizing Rydberg atoms is currently scarce, primarily due to the shielding effects associated with atomic vapor cells in regard to low-frequency electric fields, which make precise measurements of the electric field extremely challenging.<br>In this paper, we construct a Rydberg ladder configuration

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Lee, In-Young, and Donggu Im. "Low Power RF Interface of the Near-field Communications Tag IC for Sensors." JOURNAL OF SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE 23, no. 2 (2023): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/jsts.2023.23.2.112.

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Hu, Bo Zhou, Meng Chun Pan, Peng Jiang, Wu Gang Tian, Jia Fei Hu, and Jing Hua Hu. "The Research on Magnetic Target Detection Technology Based on Wireless Sensor Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 1213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.1213.

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In the conditions of magnetic dipole model, this paper proposed forward a centroid localization algorithm on magnetic anomaly target based on wireless sensor network node which distribution are random and the improved the weighted centroid localization algorithm based on magnetic induction intensity. According to the fluctuation of magnetic field intensity which detected by magnetic sensors, that can detect the existence of magnetic anomaly target and its location. Established an experimental system of the wireless sensor network for magnetic anomaly detection whose core designs including the

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Zappa, Luca, Matthias Forkel, Angelika Xaver, and Wouter Dorigo. "Deriving Field Scale Soil Moisture from Satellite Observations and Ground Measurements in a Hilly Agricultural Region." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (2019): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222596.

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Agricultural and hydrological applications could greatly benefit from soil moisture (SM) information at sub-field resolution and (sub-) daily revisit time. However, current operational satellite missions provide soil moisture information at either lower spatial or temporal resolution. Here, we downscale coarse resolution (25–36 km) satellite SM products with quasi-daily resolution to the field scale (30 m) using the random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm. RF models are trained with remotely sensed SM and ancillary variables on soil texture, topography, and vegetation cover against SM me

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Hu, Hao, Yun Ren, Hongkui Zhou, et al. "Oilseed Rape Yield Prediction from UAVs Using Vegetation Index and Machine Learning: A Case Study in East China." Agriculture 14, no. 8 (2024): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081317.

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Yield prediction is an important agriculture management for crop policy making. In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and spectral sensor technology have been widely used in crop production. This study aims to evaluate the ability of UAVs equipped with spectral sensors to predict oilseed rape yield. In an experiment, RGB and hyperspectral images were captured using a UAV at the seedling (S1), budding (S2), flowering (S3), and pod (S4) stages in oilseed rape plants. Canopy reflectance and spectral indices of oilseed rape were extracted and calculated from the hyperspectral images. Af

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Vazquez, Fabian, Alejandro Villareal, Alfredo Rodriguez, Rodrigo Martin, Sergio Solis-Najera, and Oscar Rene Marrufo Melendez. "Electric Field Sensing with a Modified SRR for Wireless Telecommunications Dosimetry." Electronics 10, no. 3 (2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030295.

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Split ring resonators (SRRs) have been used extensively in metamaterials, showing a strong localization and enhancement of fields, which significantly improves the sensitivity and resolution of the electromagnetic field sensors. We propose the development of an electric field sensor for 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band applications, by modifying the renowned SRR to contain three concentric pairs of rings. The reduced size makes the sensor affordable for experiments by inserting it in phantoms in order to measure the specific absorption rate (SAR). Power was transmitted fr

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Osadchuk, Alexander, Vladimir Osadchuk, and Iaroslav Osadchuk. "RESEARCH ON A MAGNETIC FIELD SENSOR WITH A FREQUENCY OUTPUT SIGNAL BASED ON A TUNNEL-RESONANCE DIODE." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 10, no. 4 (2020): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.2357.

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Based on the consideration of physical processes in a tunnel-resonant diode under the action of a magnetic field, the construction of an autogenerating magnetic field sensor with a frequency output signal is proposed. The use of devices with negative differential resistance makes it possible to significantly simplify the design of magnetic field sensors in the entire RF frequency range. Depending on the operating modes of the sensor, an output signal can be obtained in the form of harmonic oscillations, as well as in the form of pulse oscillations of a special form. The study of the char

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Ni, Jingfeng, Shengya Yang, and Yujiao Liu. "Data Cleaning Model of Mine Wind Speed Sensor Based on LOF-GMM and SGAIN." Applied Sciences 15, no. 4 (2025): 1801. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041801.

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To improve the quality of mine ventilation wind speed sensor data, a data cleaning model for mine ventilation wind speed sensors based on LOF-GMM and SGAIN is proposed. First, the LOF-GMM algorithm was used to identify wind speed sensor data, cluster the data, and determine the threshold of the local outlier factor, enabling automatic identification of abnormal data and recognition of ventilation fault state information. Abnormal data were then removed to create blank missing points. Finally, wind speed data from the normal operating state of the ventilation system were used to train the SGAIN

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Lazaro, Antonio, Ramon Villarino, Marc Lazaro, Nicolau Canellas, Beatriz Prieto-Simon, and David Girbau. "Recent Advances in Batteryless NFC Sensors for Chemical Sensing and Biosensing." Biosensors 13, no. 8 (2023): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13080775.

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This article reviews the recent advances in the field of batteryless near-field communication (NFC) sensors for chemical sensing and biosensing. The commercial availability of low-cost commercial NFC integrated circuits (ICs) and their massive integration in smartphones, used as readers and cloud interfaces, have aroused great interest in new batteryless NFC sensors. The fact that coil antennas are not importantly affected by the body compared with other wireless sensors based on far-field communications makes this technology suitable for future wearable point-of-care testing (PoCT) devices. T

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Marsic, Vlad, Soroush Faramehr, Joe Fleming, Peter Ball, Shumao Ou, and Petar Igic. "Buried RF Sensors for Smart Road Infrastructure: Empirical Communication Range Testing, Propagation by Line of Sight, Diffraction and Reflection Model and Technology Comparison for 868 MHz–2.4 GHz." Sensors 23, no. 3 (2023): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031669.

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Updating the road infrastructure requires the potential mass adoption of the road studs currently used in car detection, speed monitoring, and path marking. Road studs commonly include RF transceivers connecting the buried sensors to an offsite base station for centralized data management. Since traffic monitoring experiments through buried sensors are resource expensive and difficult, the literature detailing it is insufficient and inaccessible due to various strategic reasons. Moreover, as the main RF frequencies adopted for stud communication are either 868/915 MHz or 2.4 GHz, the radio cov

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K S, Abbirame, Haripriya A S, Aravind V, and Jamuna G. "An electronic gadget to control wheelchair motion using tongue gesture." International Journal of Pharmacy and Biomedical Engineering 4, no. 1 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942576/ijpbe-v4i1p101.

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Tongue drive system (TDS) is a tongue operated unobtrusive assistive technology,which can potentially provide people with severe disabilities with effective access and environment control.It translate user’s intentions into control commands by detecting and classifying their voluntary tongue motion utilizing a small permanent magnet,secured on the tongue and an array of magnetic sensors mounted on the mouth the magnetic sensor are nothing but hall effect sensors. a hall effect sensor is a transducerthat varies its output voltage in response to changes in magnetic field.in its simplest form the

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Akhtar, Pervez, T. J. Ali, and R. Mahmud. "An Investigation into the Effects of Substrate Temperature on Magnetic Properties of RF Sputtered NiFe Films." Key Engineering Materials 442 (June 2010): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.442.109.

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The paper describes results of investigation on sputtered NiFe Films to determine the sputter deposition condition that could produce magnetic field sensors with the desired magnetic properties. The magnetic materials used in such devices should have a low coercive force, a low anisotropy field and a low magnetization dispersion, α50. .The results of systematic investigation of radio-frequency (RF) sputtered, RF biased, 82-18 % NiFe films showed (i) Improved Kobelev methods were applied to magneto-optic measurement techniques, suppress the magnetization ripples when subjected under the applica

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Shamsi, Milad, Sara Cheema, Cathelene Crudden, Justin MacCallum, and Viola Ingrid Birss. "Nano-Porous Gold Electrodes for Sensitive TLR-Based Electrochemical Biosensors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 60 (2025): 2920. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01602920mtgabs.

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The persistent threat posed by airborne pathogens has driven significant efforts toward developing robust systems for continuous environmental monitoring. Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based electrochemical biosensors represent a novel approach to pathogen detection, leveraging the wide range specificity and sensitivity of TLRs as biorecognition elements. Inspired by the innate immune system, these biosensors exploit the ability of TLRs to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from bacterial cell walls. Typically, TLR-based sensors are constructed

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SUN, NIAN X., and GOPALAN SRINIVASAN. "VOLTAGE CONTROL OF MAGNETISM IN MULTIFERROIC HETEROSTRUCTURES AND DEVICES." SPIN 02, no. 03 (2012): 1240004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010324712400048.

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Multiferroic materials and devices have attracted intensified recent interests due to the demonstrated strong magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in new multiferroic materials and devices with unique functionalities and superior performance characteristics. Strong ME coupling has been demonstrated in a variety of multiferroic heterostructures, including bulk magnetic on ferro/piezoelectric multiferroic heterostructures, magnetic film on ferro/piezoelectric slab multiferroic heterostructures, thin film multiferroic heterostructures, etc. Different multiferroic devices have been demonstrated, which in

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Loubet, Gaël, Alexandru Takacs, Ethan Gardner, Andrea De Luca, Florin Udrea, and Daniela Dragomirescu. "LoRaWAN Battery-Free Wireless Sensors Network Designed for Structural Health Monitoring in the Construction Domain." Sensors 19, no. 7 (2019): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071510.

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This paper addresses the practical implementation of a wireless sensors network designed to actualize cyber-physical systems that are dedicated to structural health monitoring applications in the construction domain. This network consists of a mesh grid composed of LoRaWAN battery-free wireless sensing nodes that collect physical data and communicating nodes that interface the sensing nodes with the digital world through the Internet. Two prototypes of sensing nodes were manufactured and are powered wirelessly by using a far-field wireless power transmission technique and only one dedicated RF

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Mo, Lingfei, Yaojie Zhu, and Lujie Zeng. "A Multi-Label Based Physical Activity Recognition via Cascade Classifier." Sensors 23, no. 5 (2023): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052593.

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Physical activity recognition is a field that infers human activities used in machine learning techniques through wearable devices and embedded inertial sensors of smartphones. It has gained much research significance and promising prospects in the fields of medical rehabilitation and fitness management. Generally, datasets with different wearable sensors and activity labels are used to train machine learning models, and most research has achieved satisfactory performance for these datasets. However, most of the methods are incapable of recognizing the complex physical activity of free living.

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Abubakar, Dauda, Naser Mahmoud Ahmed, and Shahrom Mahmud. "The Study on the Effect of Wet and Dry Oxidation of Nickel Thin Film on Sensitivity of EGFET Based pH Sensor." Solid State Phenomena 290 (April 2019): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.290.199.

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The study is based on the use of NiO as an extended gate of field effect transistor (EGFET) using ITO/glass as a substrate for the sensitivity of pH sensor membrane. The NiO thin film was synthesis by wet and dry thermal oxidation method of Nickel metal thin film deposited by RF sputtering. The sensitivity of the NiO membrane was measured and comparatively analysed against the two different oxidation methods. Structural and morphological properties were investigated for both thin films. The sensitivities measurements of the two membranes were made as pH sensors. The results confirmed that NiO

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Vazquez, Rigoberto, Elizaveta Motovilova, and Simone Angela Winkler. "Stretchable Sensor Materials Applicable to Radiofrequency Coil Design in Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review." Sensors 24, no. 11 (2024): 3390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24113390.

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Abstract: Wearable sensors are rapidly gaining influence in the diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment of disease, thereby improving patient outcomes. In this review, we aim to explore how these advances can be applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We begin by (i) introducing limitations in current flexible/stretchable RF coils and then move to the broader field of flexible sensor technology to identify translatable technologies. To this goal, we discuss (ii) emerging materials currently used for sensor substrates, (iii) stretchable conductive materials, (iv) pairing and matching of con

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Rong, Guoguang, Yuqiao Zheng, and Mohamad Sawan. "Energy Solutions for Wearable Sensors: A Review." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113806.

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Wearable sensors have gained popularity over the years since they offer constant and real-time physiological information about the human body. Wearable sensors have been applied in a variety of ways in clinical settings to monitor health conditions. These technologies require energy sources to carry out their projected functionalities. In this paper, we review the main energy sources used to power wearable sensors. These energy sources include batteries, solar cells, biofuel cells, supercapacitors, thermoelectric generators, piezoelectric and triboelectric generators, and radio frequency (RF)

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Schucknecht, Anne, Bumsuk Seo, Alexander Krämer, Sarah Asam, Clement Atzberger, and Ralf Kiese. "Estimating dry biomass and plant nitrogen concentration in pre-Alpine grasslands with low-cost UAS-borne multispectral data – a comparison of sensors, algorithms, and predictor sets." Biogeosciences 19, no. 10 (2022): 2699–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2699-2022.

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Abstract. Grasslands are an important part of pre-Alpine and Alpine landscapes. Despite the economic value and the significant role of grasslands in carbon and nitrogen (N) cycling, spatially explicit information on grassland biomass and quality is rarely available. Remotely sensed data from unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) and satellites might be an option to overcome this gap. Our study aims to investigate the potential of low-cost UAS-based multispectral sensors for estimating above-ground biomass (dry matter, DM) and plant N concentration. In our analysis, we compared two different sensors

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Akhtar, Pervez, Tariq Javid Ali, and Arshad Aziz. "Some Aspects of Deposition Parameters of RF Sputtered Ferromagnetic Film Germane to the Study of Magnetoresistive Sensing Devices." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.160.

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The paper describes results of investigation on sputtered NiFe Films to determine the sputter deposition condition that could produce magnetic field sensors with the desired magnetic and magnetoresistive properties. The magnetic thin films materials used in such devices should have a low coercive force, a low anisotropy field and low magnetization dispersion, α50 with high magnetoresistance ratio. From the results presented, it is shown that that the most useful films for 82%Ni-Fe composition are produced at 200 °C-250 °C moderate substrate temperatures. It is also possible to specify the subs

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Taştan, Mehmet. "Machine Learning–Based Calibration and Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Internet of Things Air Quality Sensors." Sensors 25, no. 10 (2025): 3183. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103183.

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Low-cost air quality sensors (LCSs) are increasingly being used in environmental monitoring due to their affordability and portability. However, their sensitivity to environmental factors can lead to measurement inaccuracies, necessitating effective calibration methods to enhance their reliability. In this study, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based air quality monitoring system was developed and tested using the most commonly preferred sensor types for air quality measurement: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature, and humidity sensors. To improve sensor accuracy, ei

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Delgado-Rajo, Francisco, Alexis Melian-Segura, Victor Guerra, Rafael Perez-Jimenez, and David Sanchez-Rodriguez. "Hybrid RF/VLC Network Architecture for the Internet of Things." Sensors 20, no. 2 (2020): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020478.

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In recent years, there has been a remarkable advance in monitoring technologies in many environments, be they urban or rural. These technologies, included in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, allow remote control and acquisition of data from sensors for their subsequence analysis. All these systems are based on the interaction between sensors and actuators. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to provide a very high level of connectivity between the devices, especially as far as wireless systems are concerned. In this sense, there is a great variety of standards in the market of communicat

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Todeschini, Isabele, Emílio Mercuri, Steffen Noe, Ulrich Norbisrath, and Matevž Zorec. "Photoacoustic CO2 sensor collocation method at SMEAR Estonia." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 8 (May 28, 2025): e151382. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.8.e151382.

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The research project aims to develop and install environmental monitoring systems in hemi-boreal ecosystems, utilizing low-cost technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). The proposal integrates sensors to measure atmospheric CO2 by the collocation method, calibration and analysis methods are based on machine learning.The initiative seeks to understand atmospheric dynamics in forests (Järvselja Experimental Forest, Estonia), evaluating carbon responses to environmental changes. The systems are field-calibrated using certified reference equipment and enhanced with AI models, such as Random

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Pranga, Joanna, Irene Borra-Serrano, Jonas Aper, et al. "Improving Accuracy of Herbage Yield Predictions in Perennial Ryegrass with UAV-Based Structural and Spectral Data Fusion and Machine Learning." Remote Sensing 13, no. 17 (2021): 3459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13173459.

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High-throughput field phenotyping using close remote sensing platforms and sensors for non-destructive assessment of plant traits can support the objective evaluation of yield predictions of large breeding trials. The main objective of this study was to examine the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based structural and spectral features and their combination in herbage yield predictions across diploid and tetraploid varieties and breeding populations of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Canopy structural (i.e., canopy height) and spectral (i.e., vegetation indices) information w

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Pantoja, Elisa, Yimin Gao, Jun Yin, and Mircea R. Stan. "Virtualized Computational RFID (VCRFID) Solution for Industry 4.0 Applications." Electronics 14, no. 12 (2025): 2397. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14122397.

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This paper presents a Virtualized Computational Radio Frequency Identification (VCRFID) solution that utilizes far-field UHF RF for sensing, computing, and self-powering at the edge. A standard UHF RFID system is asymmetric as it consists of a relatively large, complex “reader”, which acts as an RF transmitter and controller for a number of small simple battery-less “tags”, which work in passive mode as they communicate and harvest RF energy from the reader. Previously proposed Computational RFID (CRFID) solutions enhance the standard RFID tags with microcontrollers and sensors in order to gai

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Wang, Yifeng, Ping Wang, Zihan Li, Zhengxing Chen, and Qing He. "Forecasting Urban Rail Transit Vehicle Interior Noise and Its Applications in Railway Alignment Design." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (June 23, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5896739.

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In this study, a data-driven interior noise prediction model is developed for vehicles on an urban rail transit system based on random forest (RF) and a vehicle/track coupling dynamic model (VTCDM). The proposed prediction model can evaluate and optimize the sustainability of railway alignment from the perspective of interior noise. First, a data collection framework via embedded sensors of onboard smartphones was developed. Then, for establishing the mapping relationship between the dynamic responses of the car body and interior noise, the collected dataset was fed to the RF. Parameter, error

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Rama, Elangkathir V, Ashwin Bharath R K, V. S Mohammed Affan, Gurucharan S, and Deepak raja H J. "AgriSense: A Smart Agriculture Solution for Sustainable Farming." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 3, no. 04 (2025): 1981–87. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2025.0289.

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Farmers face challenges in increasing food production while ensuring sustainable agriculture. AgriSense, a smart agriculture platform, integrates IoT sensors, AI in farming, and precision farming techniques for real-time insights. It helps monitor soil moisture estimation, track weather, and optimize irrigation. A key feature, Strobe, uses RF-based soil sensing with Wi-Fi waves to measure soil moisture and EC without buried sensors. This agronomic decision support system provides continuous updates for better resource management. Field trials show AgriSense improves yields, lowers costs, and r

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Chen, Chia-Hsun, Shu-Bai Liu, and Sheng-Po Chang. "Fabrication and Characterization of In0.9Ga0.1O EGFET pH Sensors." Coatings 11, no. 8 (2021): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080929.

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In this study, the In0.9Ga0.1O sensing membrane were deposited by using the RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature and combined with commercial MOSFETs as the extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET) pH sensors. The sensing performance of the In0.9Ga0.1O EGFET pH sensors were measured and analyzed in the pH value of range between 2 to 12. In the saturation region, the pH current sensitivity calculated from the linear relationship between the IDS and pH value was approximately 56.64 μA/pH corresponding to the linearity of 97.8%. In the linear region, the pH voltage sensitivity exhibit

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