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Journal articles on the topic 'RF stress and thermic cycling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 September 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Razzaghi, Mohammadreza, Afsar Asghari-azghan, Saeed Montazeri, Zahra Razzaghi, Mohammad Mohsen Mazloomfard, and Reza Vafaee. "Intravaginal Pulsed Contractile Radiofrequency for Stress Urinary Incontinence Treatment; A Safety Study." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 12, no. 1 (2021): e56-e56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2021.56.

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Introduction: Radiofrequency (RF)-based stress urinary incontinence (SUI) treatment, which has quickly attracted attention, is administered in an office setting. This pilot-safety study assessed the efficacy of transvaginal RF treatment in the quality of life (QOL) and frequency of incontinence episodes in women with SUI. Methods: Twenty-eight women suffering from SUI were treated with an intravaginal quadric applicator while a grounding pad was attached in front of their pubes. The first phase is thermic, which will heat up the vaginal wall up to 40°C for 10 minutes. The second step is contra

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2

Harzer, Carla Sophie, Roberta Karla Francesca Della Bella, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Cathode Loading Impact on PEM Fuel Cell Performance Losses in Voltage Cycling Based Accelerated Stress Tests." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 37 (2023): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02371775mtgabs.

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In order to reach the target of carbon neutrality by the end of 2050 set by the European Union, hydrogen technologies will play an important role in supporting the transition to a renewable energy economy, especially for heavy duty applications, such as trucks and airplanes.1 For the latter, hydrogen is a viable alternative fuel compared to kerosene, offering a higher specific energy density as well as zero in-flight CO2 emissions.2 However during operation, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) suffer from significant performance losses due to the instability of Pt-based catalysts for

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3

Astudillo, Leonardo Isaias, Roberta Karla Francesca Della Bella, Hubert Andreas Gasteiger, et al. "Accelerated Stress Tests to Project PEM Fuel Cell Durability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 43 (2023): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02432164mtgabs.

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One of the major degradation mechanisms limiting the long-term durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is the loss of platinum electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) cathode catalyst, caused by Pt dissolution that is followed by both Ostwald ripening of the Pt nanoparticles and loss of Pt into the ionomer phase [1]. The Pt ECSA loss is accelerated when subjecting PEMFCs to extended load-cycling inducing concomitant cycling of the cathode potential. To this end, accelerated stress tests (ASTs) can be conducted either by controllin

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Della Bella, Roberta Karla Francesca, Björn Marcel Stühmeier, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Universal Correlation between the Roughness Factor and PEMFC Performance Losses in Voltage Cycling Based Accelerated Stress Tests." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (2022): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351427mtgabs.

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During operational lifetime, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) suffer from high performance losses. For the year 2025, the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) set the durability target for PEMFC light-duty transportation applications at 5,000 hours.1 To meet the automotive target, different aging protocols were established in order to simulate load cycle variations.2 It is well known that load or voltage cycling induces substantial catalyst degradation due to an increasing loss of electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), which is known to be a main driver for the resulting performa

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Hnyk, Franziska Carmen, Leonardo Isaias Astudillo, Sydney Hughes, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Investigation of PEMFC Cathode Rf-Dependent Performance Losses for Voltage Cycling and Start-up Accelerated Stress Tests." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 41 (2024): 2670. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02412670mtgabs.

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In order to replace internal combustion engines in the heavy-duty (HD) transportation sector, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require extended operating hours with minimal performance loss.[1] During research and development, the fuel cell stack performance loss for >30,000 hours of operation can be estimated by tailored accelerated stress tests (ASTs) that induce typical degradation modes which can be tested in small active area single-cells. Two of the main cathode catalyst layer degradation modes resulting in a reduced electrochemical surface area are Pt degradation by load/

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Bergoli, César Dalmolin, Rodrigo Furtado de Carvalho, Ivan Balducci, Josete Barbosa Cruz Meira, Maria Amélia Máximo de Araújo, and Marcia Carneiro Valera. "Influence of Fiber Post Cementation Length on Coronal Microleakage Values in vitro and Finite Element Analysis." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 4 (2014): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1560.

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ABSTRACT Aim This study aims to evaluate, the influence of different fiber posts cementation lengths by finite element analysis (FEA) and coronal microleakage. Materials and methods Fifty anterior bovine teeth were sectioned to obtain roots with 16 mm length. The coronal length of the post was 6 mm for all groups, while the radicular length were varied 6, 8, 10 or 12 mm. The fiber posts surfaces were cleaned with alcohol and silanized. Then the posts were cemented using a two steps total etch-and-rinse adhesive system + conventional resin cement. Forty teeth were submitted to mechanical cyclin

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7

Putaala, Jussi, Olli Salmela, Olli Nousiainen, et al. "Lifetime prediction and design aspects of reliable lead-free non-collapsible BGA joints in LTCC packages for RF/microwave telecommunication applications." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 26, no. 3 (2014): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-07-2013-0018.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the behavior of different lead-free solders (95.5Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu, i.e. SAC387 and Sn7In4.1Ag0.5Cu, i.e. SAC-In) in thermomechanically loaded non-collapsible ball grid array (BGA) joints of a low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) module. The validity of a modified Engelmaier’s model was tested to verify its capability to predict the characteristic lifetime of an LTCC module assembly implementable in field applications. Design/methodology/approach – Five printed wiring board (PWB) assemblies, each carrying eight LTCC modules, were fabricated and

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8

Hartner, Walter, Martin Niessner, Francesca Arcioni, et al. "Reliability and Performance of Wafer Level Fan Out Package for Automotive Radar." Journal of Surface Mount Technology 34, no. 1 (2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37665/smt.v34i1.12.

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Embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) or FO-WLP (Fan-out wafer-level packaging) is investigated as a package for MMICs (Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) for automotive radar applications in the 77GHz range. Special focus is put on the thermo-mechanical performance to achieve automotive quality targets. The typical fatigue modes “solder ball fatigue” and “copper fatigue”, evolving during thermo-mechanical stress like cycling on board will be discussed. Simulation as well as experimental preparation results for typical fatigue levels are given. In addition, several influencing para

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Harzer, Carla Sophie, Franziska Carmen Hnyk, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Comparing Voltage Cycling–Induced Performance Losses of a Porous Carbon Supported Pt Catalyst Under H₂/N₂ and H₂/Air at Different Relative Humidities." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 41 (2024): 2635. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02412635mtgabs.

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Accelerated stress tests (ASTs) mimic the dynamic operation of a PEM fuel cell stack by inducing degradation in different parts of the system. Voltage cycling–based ASTs are performed to specifically induce degradation in the cathode catalyst layer of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). During voltage cycling, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of the catalyst is reduced by Pt particle growth via Ostwald ripening and by loss of the Pt into the ionomer/membrane phase.[1] However, the degradation rate during such tests can be significantly affected by different voltage cycling AST conditio

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10

Hosseini, Hannaneh, Alexander Gunnarson, Timo Imhof, Nguyen Khang Tran, Marc Ledendecker, and Ferdi Schüth. "Optimal Cathode Catalyst Design for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 40 (2025): 2120. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01402120mtgabs.

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Hydrogen-powered proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have emerged as a highly promising energy conversion technology, offering a sustainable solution to the global energy crisis. Their potential for application in heavy-duty transportation is becoming increasingly obvious due to the high gravimetric energy density of hydrogen. Moreover, the rapid refueling capability, zero emissions, high energy efficiency, and relatively straightforward refueling infrastructure make PEMFCs a compelling solution for the high-energy applications when compared to lithium-ion battery technologies.1 There

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11

Meier, Vivian, Markus Achim Schilling, Timon Lazaridis, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Lifetime Prolongation of PtCo/C Cathode Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cells By Understanding Triggers for Pt Surface Area Loss and Co Dissolution in Voltage Cycling-Based Accelerated Stress Tests." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 44 (2024): 3048. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02443048mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications in the heavy-duty mobility sector have attracted increasing attention due to their flexible scalability in terms of energy and power density. The challenging high fuel efficiency targets in the heavy-duty sector can be met by introducing platinum-cobalt alloy (PtxCo/C) catalysts which exhibit a 1.5-3x higher kinetic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as compared to carbon supported platinum (Pt/C) catalysts.1 Despite the better beginning-of-life performance of PtxCo/C, the dissolution of Co2+ ions into the ionomer phase of t

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Kumbhat, Nitesh, Fuhan Liu, Venky Sundaram, et al. "Chip-last Embedded Actives and Passives in Ultra-Miniaturized Organic Packages with Chip-First Benefits." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, no. 1 (2010): 000537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-wp1-paper1.

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Embedded actives and passives are being pursued by chip-first and wafer-level fan-out approaches to address high functionality and miniaturization. A next generation embedding alternative- “chip-last embedding”, which retains all the benefits of chip-first, has been demonstrated at Georgia Tech for complex multi-component heterogeneous systems. This paper presents detailed results from the first demonstration of this novel technology called Embedded MEMS, Actives and Passives (EMAP) with Chip-Last (CL) interconnections. This technology is targeted at highly integrated modules and systems with

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13

Della Bella, Roberta Karla Francesca, Timon Lazaridis, Christopher Warsch, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Enhancing Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Durability By Using Porous Carbon-Supported Cathode Catalysts with Various Pt-Particle Sizes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 41 (2024): 2706. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02412706mtgabs.

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Nowadays, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are envisioned for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) such as trucks and buses, due to their high power density, low emissions, and quiet operation.1 However, to be viable for HDVs, PEMFCs require cathode catalyst materials that are highly stable and durable in order to maintain performance over at least 30,000 hours of operation. One well-known challenge is that voltage cycling of the cathode leads to significant losses in the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) due to Pt-dissolution and subsequent growth via Ostwald ripening or particle

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14

Della Bella, Roberta Karla Francesca, Björn Marcel Stühmeier, and Hubert Gasteiger. "Universal Correlation between Cathode Roughness Factor and H₂/Air Performance Losses in Voltage Cycling-Based Accelerated Stress Tests." Journal of The Electrochemical Society, April 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac67b8.

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Abstract The loss of electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) in the cathode during load cycling remains a major durability issue for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Here, the degradation of low-loaded cathodes (0.1 mgPt cmMEA −2) was investigated by accelerated stress tests (ASTs) in H2/N2 configuration, varying the upper potential limit (UPL, 0.85-1.0 V) and the hold time (1, 2, or 8 s) of the square wave voltage cycling profiles. A full voltage loss analysis was performed at beginning-of-life and after 100, 300, 1k, 2k, 5k, 10k, 20k, 50k, 100k, 200k, and 500k cycles, deter

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15

Behera, Subhashree, Swathi Ippili, Venkatraju Jella, et al. "Confluence of ZnO and PTFE Binder for Enhancing Performance of Thin‐Film Lithium‐Ion Batteries." ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS, March 20, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12734.

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Developing anode materials with high specific capacity and cycling stability is vital for improving thin‐film lithium‐ion batteries. Thin‐film zinc oxide (ZnO) holds promise due to its high specific capacity, but it suffers from volume changes and structural stress during cycling, leading to poor battery performance. In this research, we ingeniously combined polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with ZnO using a radio frequency (RF) magnetron co‐sputtering method, ensuring a strong bond in the thin‐film composite electrode. PTFE effectively reduced stress on the active material and mitigated volume c

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16

Gajewski, Donald A., Walter Nagy, Allen W. Hanson, J. W. Johnson, and K. J. Linthicum. "Reliability of GaN on Si FETs and MMICs." MRS Proceedings 1195 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1195-b06-04.

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AbstractThis paper reviews the reliability results for the gallium nitride on silicon (GaN-on-Si) technologies for commercial and military communications markets. Two technology platforms have been qualified for volume production: one consisting of discrete heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) and the other consisting of HFETs integrated with passive components to form monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). The technology platform qualifications for volume production have been achieved through intrinsic reliability tests on the active and passive device elements as well

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17

Anis, Lubna, Nicole Letourneau, Kharah M. Ross, et al. "Study protocol for Attachment & Child Health (ATTACHTM) program: promoting vulnerable Children’s health at scale." BMC Pediatrics 22, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03439-3.

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Abstract Background Children’s exposure to toxic stress (e.g., parental depression, violence, poverty) predicts developmental and physical health problems resulting in health care system burden. Supporting parents to develop parenting skills can buffer the effects of toxic stress, leading to healthier outcomes for those children. Parenting interventions that focus on promoting parental reflective function (RF), i.e., parents’ capacity for insight into their child’s and their own thoughts, feelings, and mental states, may understand help reduce societal health inequities stemming from childhood

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18

Sharma, Gaurav, Nishant Lakhera, Craig Beddingfield, Mollie Benson, and Adnrew J. Mawer. "Fan Out Wafer Level Package With Enhanced Product Reliability and Advanced Node Silicon Chip Package Integration." IMAPSource Proceedings 2020, DPC (2024). https://doi.org/10.4071/001c.116640.

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Different fan out wafer level package (FOWLP) versions are used in the industry for various device applications in hand held consumer products. Traditional wafer level fan out is a die first, die down FOWLP that has been in volume production for low end baseband, PMIC, Codec, Wi-Fi, RF products. A die up high-density fan out package process has found adoption for mobile phone processor and DRAM integration in a package on package format. For all these applications the primary product package benefits are small form factor, reduced height and better electrical, thermal performance. All these ad

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Trogisch, Niklas, Danilo Babik, Alin Orfanidi, Albert Albert, Gunther Jegert, and Rüdiger-A. Eichel. "Effect of High-Temperature Operation on Voltage Cycling Induced PEMFC Degradation: From Automotive Customer Drive Cycles to an Accelerated Stress Test." Journal of The Electrochemical Society, September 23, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad7e51.

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Abstract Degradation of the Pt catalyst during load cycling constitutes a major durability issue for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in automotive applications. In this study commercial 5 cm2 electrodes were exposed to 20 k voltage cycles between 0.6 – 0.9 VRHE at temperatures ranging from 75 to 120°C. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA), the roughness factor (rf), and the oxygen transport resistance were investigated over the course of the test. The degradation was mainly governed by Pt agglomeration and was accelerated with increasing temperature. Interestingly, operation at

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