Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'RFID'

RFID-tekniken har under de senaste åren uppmärksammats allt flitigare av företag som tror sig ha användning för det i sin verksamhet. En kategori av företag som skulle kunna ha stor nytta av tekniken är tillverkande industri, bland annat i sin materialhantering. En undersökning visar att många sådana företag vet att tekniken finns men att graden av kunskap om teknikens möjligheter och brister är starkt varierande.

Detta arbete har studerat vilka brister och problem som uppmärksammats av de företag inom denna kategori som redan idag använder tekniken. Arbetet har bestått av intervjuer av ett antal sådana företag och även av leverantörer av RFID-utrustning.

De företag som ingår i undersökningen inte upplevt några av de problem som arbetet behandlar men leverantörernas erfarenheter visar att problem finns och att det kräver stor yrkeskunskap och erfarenhet för att komma runt dem.

This thesis is analysis-based survey in which our task was to find out the suitability of

IEEE 802.15.4 for the RFID systems in terms of power. We studied the different RFID

systems. We analyzed the IEEE 802.15.4 to see how much this protocol can facilitate the

RFID application, but we just considered the 2.4 GHz physical band as Free2move uses

this band for its RFID products. Since semi-passive1 RFIDs are the closest competitors

of the active RFID, so we also compared the IEEE 802.15.4 with ISO 18000-4 (mode2)

to find out their pros and cons.

We also tried to evaluate the hardware architecture proposed by Free2move. We

compared proposed hardware components with other competitors available in the market.

The main point of focus during hardware evaluation remained its power efficiency. As

concluding part we have proposed an idea for using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in semi-

passive RFIDs.

MobileReader är en mobil RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) applikation. Syftet med denna applikation är att skapa en RFID-läsare som skall gå att bära med sig ute på fältet. I första hand kommer läsaren att kunna läsa passiva RFID-taggar på Lågfrekvens-bandet (LF) samt att vara anpassad för nyare mobiltelefoner av tillverkaren Sony Ericsson. Detta examensarbete resulterade i ett program avsett för en Atmel ATmega16 mikroprocessor. Mikroprocessorn tar emot data från en befintlig LF-läsare via ett protokoll vid namn Wiegand 44. Den inlästa datan paketeras in i ett PDU-paket, Protocol Data Unit, vilket är det protokoll som mobiltelefoner använder för att skicka SMS mellan MS, Mobile System, och BS, Base System.

MobileReader is a mobile RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) application. The purpose of this application is to create a reader, that can be carried out in the field. This project will concentrate on reading passive RFID-tags on the Lowfrequency band (LF) and will be customized for a newer mobile phone manufactured by Sony Ericsson. This has resulted in a program written for the Atmel ATmega16 microcontroller. The microcontroller receives data from an already existing LF-reader using the Wiegand 44 protocol. The data will be converted into a PDU-packet, Protocol Data Unit, which is the protocol used by mobile phones to send SMS between MS, Mobile System, and BS, Base System.

This report is the result of an investigation of the possibility to use RFID-technology in a producing company. The investigation is focused on a flow between the company’s producing subsidiary company in Lithuania and its main facility in Sweden.

RFID is the abbreviation for radiofrequency identification. The RFID-technology forms the base of a system with wireless information transmission between an object to which a transponder, also called tag, has been attached and a reader. The information is transmitted by radio waves and the system is equipped with software that can digitalise the radio waves. The information is thereby converted into useful input to, for example, the company’s business system. RFID makes it possible to decrease the human interaction necessary and does not demand free line of sight in contrast to barcode systems.

The objective of this final thesis is to:

·         give suggestions of how RFID can be applied in the flow of pallets between the Lithuanian subsidiary company and the main facility in Sweden

·         investigate if the adoption is practicable and what consequences will follow the suggested appliance

·         present profitability calculations

·         investigate what future opportunities the technology offers the company

The scope of my work is to be able to present a report to the company that gives them a good insight in the RFID-technology and to give suggestions on how to use it in their operations. The report shall be useable as a decision basis for the company when deciding weather it is interesting for them to continue the investigation or not.

The result of the investigation is a description of the flow which forms the basis of the two suggested alternatives of application of RFID-technology. The first alternative consists of a system of active tags which is attached to the pallets directly after the goods are produced. The second alternative is a system based on the use of passive tags in the form of self adhesive labels. Both alternatives induce a division of the flow into five zones between which a reading of the tags takes place and the pallets are thereby identified automatically.

The system of active tags results in an initial investment of SEK 1 256 000 and the system of passive tags, SEK 227 000. Both alternatives make a SEK 648 000 saving in cost possible, mainly consisting of decreasing need of working effort in identifying pallets and manual reporting to the business system.

An analysis of the suggestions shows that the pay-back time for the alternative with active tags may be too long depending on the company’s intentions of future expansion of the system. The investment can be proven justifiable after a more thorough investigation. Concerning the system of passive tags, the analysis shows that the alternative is practicable and gives a great chance of fast profitability and also further profitability over time.

The investigation is based on a theoretic study of RFID, Supply Chain Management and process analysis. A survey of the process has resulted in a flow chart and this has formed the basis of the work resulting in the two suggested applications. These have then been evaluated from a profitability and practicability perspective.

Radio frequency identification, RFID is a technology that is used in many fields including locks. The unlimited access to the reader and the transponder has resulted in severe security weaknesses and made it possible to apply different attacks. To classify door locks as secure they must at least fulfil two main criteria: the first is the use of a challenge-response authentication protocol and the second is to deploy sophisticated and secure algorithms.

MiFare classic and KeeLoq are two widely applied technologies that are still in use in many security critical applications and are considered to be secure but which have been broken by cryptanalysis and with modest efforts and cost.

How secure a certain solution is depends on how expensive it is to buy the equipment that can break the system and reveal the secret key and how secure a lock should be depends on the value of what it is protecting.

The dropping price of powerful computers and the availability of security related information on the web will lead to an increase of the number of attacks on different systems.

By the time this thesis is published those locks evaluated are not secure enough, to overcome the security shortage some improvements have to be made such as: the use of sophisticated algorithms, the use of longer key of at least 128-bit, the use of non-deterministic random number generators and the use of pure hardware solutions both in the receiver and the transmitter to reduce leakage.

Radiofrekvensidentifiering, RFID är en teknik för automatisk identifiering av objekt. RFID möjliggör identifiering och trådlös fjärravläsning av objekt. Teknikens egenskaper möjliggör en uppsjö av användningsområde exempelvis inom säkerhetsområdet och behörighetskontroller, spårning och märkning av varor, i tillverkningsprocesser och andra områden. Det finns stora företag som har uppmärksammat den nya teknikens potential och gör därför stora satsningar. Rapportens uppdragsgivare, R2M,har sedan en tid varit intresserad av tekniken.

Syften med denna rapport har varit att undersöka hur långt gången utvecklingen av standarder för RFID-tekniken är, undersöka om det finns fördelar och nackdelar med RFID-tekniken för livsmedelsbutiker samt att utreda vilka krav som kommer att ställas på befintliga IT-system som kommer att interagera med den nya tekniken.

RFID-teknikens egenskaper möjliggör att i framtiden kommer det att vara möjligt att följa ett objekt under hela dess livscykel, det vill säga från tillverkningen till försäljningen. Användningen av RFID-tekniken i en butiksmiljö innebär ett flertal fördelar. De viktigaste finns inom inleverans och lagerhantering, då snabbare kontroll vid godsmottagning kan göras, ökad effektivitet vid inventeringsarbetet samt bättre kvalitet på produktfakta. Detta leder bland annat till reducering av personal- och inventeringskostnader.

Den slutgiltiga utmaningen vid införande av tekniken är obemannade kassor och därmed enklare betalningssätt, minskade köar vid kassa, ökad försäljning samt bättre kundservice. Den största hinder för användning av RFID-tekniken idag är kostnader för RFID-komponenter och bristen på gemensamma standarder.