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Journal articles on the topic 'RG'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Kirschner, K. N. "Theoretical investigation of Ca⋅RG, Ca+⋅RG, and Ca2+⋅RG (RG=Ar and Ne) complexes." Journal of Chemical Physics 112, no. 23 (June 15, 2000): 10228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481665.

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2

Lozeille, Jérôme, Ervina Winata, Pavel Soldán, Edmond P. F. Lee, Larry A. Viehland, and Timothy G. Wright. "Spectroscopy of Li+·Rg and Li+–Rg transport coefficients (Rg = He–Rn)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 4, no. 15 (June 13, 2002): 3601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b111675d.

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3

Fathima, S. Syed Ali, and M. Mariasingam. "On \(\#RG\)-Continuous and \(\#RG\)-Irresolute Functions." Journal of Advanced Studies in Topology 3, no. 4 (May 8, 2012): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20454/jast.2012.338.

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4

Kobayashi, Takanori, Yuji Kohno, Toshiyuki Takayanagi, Kanekazu Seki, and Kazuyoshi Ueda. "Rare gas bond property of Rg–Be2O2 and Rg–Be2O2–Rg (Rg=He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe) as a comparison with Rg–BeO." Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 991 (July 2012): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2012.03.020.

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5

Thür, Gerhard. "Rechtsgeschichte (Rg.)." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Romanistische Abteilung 120, no. 1 (August 1, 2003): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgra.2003.120.1.408a.

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6

&NA;. "rG-CSF." Drugs & Therapy Perspectives 1, no. 1 (January 1993): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00042310-199301010-00008.

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7

&NA;. "UpToDate$rG." Endocrinologist 9, no. 3 (May 1999): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019616-199905000-00011.

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8

Taylor, E., B. Holtmann, and P. F. White. "RG 12915." Anesthesiology 77, Supplement (September 1992): A20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199209001-00020.

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9

Gardner, Adrian M., Kayla A. Gutsmiedl, Timothy G. Wright, W. H. Breckenridge, Chivone Y. N. Chapman, and Larry A. Viehland. "Theoretical study of Al+–RG (RG=He–Rn)." Journal of Chemical Physics 133, no. 16 (October 28, 2010): 164302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3494602.

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10

Viehland, Larry A., Jérôme Lozeille, Pavel Soldán, Edmond P. F. Lee, and Timothy G. Wright. "Spectroscopy of Na+⋅Rg and transport coefficients of Na+ in Rg(Rg=He–Rn)." Journal of Chemical Physics 119, no. 7 (August 15, 2003): 3729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1591171.

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11

McGuirk, Maureen F., Larry A. Viehland, Edmond P. F. Lee, W. H. Breckenridge, Carolyn D. Withers, Adrian M. Gardner, Richard J. Plowright, and Timothy G. Wright. "Theoretical study of Ban+–RG (RG=rare gas) complexes and transport of Ban+ through RG (n=1,2; RG=He–Rn)." Journal of Chemical Physics 130, no. 19 (May 21, 2009): 194305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3132543.

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12

Tan, Jake A., and Jer-Lai Kuo. "Fermi resonance switching in KrH+Rg and XeH+Rg (Rg = Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe)." Journal of Chemical Physics 154, no. 13 (April 7, 2021): 134302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0044703.

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13

Sathiapalan, B. "Holographic RG and exact RG in O(N) model." Nuclear Physics B 959 (October 2020): 115142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2020.115142.

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14

Qing, Enming, Larry A. Viehland, Edmond P. F. Lee, and Timothy G. Wright. "Interaction potentials and spectroscopy of Hg+∙Rg and Cd+∙Rg and transport coefficients for Hg+ and Cd+ in Rg (RgHeRn)." Journal of Chemical Physics 124, no. 4 (January 28, 2006): 044316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2148955.

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15

Gardner, Adrian M., Carolyn D. Withers, Jack B. Graneek, Timothy G. Wright, Larry A. Viehland, and W. H. Breckenridge. "Theoretical Study of M+−RG and M2+−RG Complexes and Transport of M+through RG (M = Be and Mg, RG = He−Rn)." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 114, no. 28 (July 22, 2010): 7631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp103836t.

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16

Viehland, Larry A., Jérôme Lozeille, Pavel Soldán, Edmond P. F. Lee, and Timothy G. Wright. "Spectroscopy of K[sup +]⋅Rg and transport coefficients of K[sup +] in Rg (Rg=He–Rn)." Journal of Chemical Physics 121, no. 1 (2004): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1735560.

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17

McDowell, Sean A. C. "Blue and red shifts in Rg···HCN and Rg···HNC complexes (Rg=He, Ne, Ar, Kr)." Molecular Physics 103, no. 20 (October 20, 2005): 2763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970500178711.

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18

&NA;. "BI-RG-587." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 795 (July 1991): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199107950-00014.

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19

Sathiapalan, B., and H. Sonoda. "Holographic Wilson's RG." Nuclear Physics B 948 (November 2019): 114767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2019.114767.

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20

Bradde, Serena, and William Bialek. "PCA Meets RG." Journal of Statistical Physics 167, no. 3-4 (March 27, 2017): 462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-017-1770-6.

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21

Omar, R. A. K. "On RG–algebra." Pure Mathematical Sciences 3 (2014): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/pms.2014.31119.

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22

Withers, Carolyn D., Timothy G. Wright, Larry A. Viehland, Leonid Grossman, Charles C. Kirkpatrick, and Edmond P. F. Lee. "Theoretical study of Cl−RG (rare gas) complexes and transport of Cl− through RG (RG = He–Rn)." Journal of Chemical Physics 135, no. 2 (July 14, 2011): 024312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3598472.

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23

Buchachenko, A. A., R. V. Krems, M. M. Szczȩśniak, Yun-De Xiao, Larry A. Viehland, and Grzegorz Chałasiński. "Collision and transport properties of Rg+Cl(2P) and Rg+Cl−(1S) (Rg=Ar, Kr) fromab initiopotentials." Journal of Chemical Physics 114, no. 22 (June 8, 2001): 9919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1370530.

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24

McDowell, Sean A. C., and A. David Buckingham. "Comparison of some vibrational features of FArH⋯Rg and FH⋯Rg complexes (Rg=He, Ne, Ar, Kr)." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 61, no. 7 (May 2005): 1603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2004.11.028.

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25

Hickling, Holly L., Larry A. Viehland, Dessa T. . Shepherd, Pavel Soldán, Edmond P. F. Lee, and Timothy G. Wright. "Spectroscopy of M+·Rg and transport coefficients of M+in Rg (M = Rb–Fr; Rg = He–Rn)." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, no. 17 (2004): 4233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b405221h.

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26

Patel, Ketan, Peter R. Butler, Andrew M. Ellis, and Martyn D. Wheeler. "Ab initio study of Rg–N2 and Rg–C2 van der Waals complexes (Rg=He, Ne, Ar)." Journal of Chemical Physics 119, no. 2 (July 8, 2003): 909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1579464.

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27

Tuttle, William D., Rebecca L. Thorington, Larry A. Viehland, and Timothy G. Wright. "Theoretical study of Si+(2PJ)–RG complexes and transport of Si+(2PJ) in RG (RG = He–Ar)." Molecular Physics 115, no. 4 (January 12, 2017): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2016.1269965.

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28

Islam, M. Ariful, M. A. K. Mian, M. G. Rasul, and M. K. Bashar. "ESTIMATION OF STANDARD HETEROSIS FOR REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN NEWLY SYNTHESIZED TEST RICE (Oryza sativa L.) HYBRIDS." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v28i1.27841.

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An experiment was carried to estimate heterotic performances of newly developed test hybrids utilizing CMS system during Rabi 2011 using RCBD design. Five known CMS lines and sixteen developed R-lines were crossed through line × tester analysis. Eighty test hybrids were developed. It is very difficult to find a hybrid earlier to BRRI dhan28 as life cycle of 140 days. Heterosis for days to first flowering varied from -6.23% to 16.35% with a SD of 4.47 meanwhile heterosis for days to 80% flowering varied from -9.24% to 11.04% with a SD of 4.03. Among eighty crosses seventy two were found positive heterosis for days to first flowering but sixty four crosses were found for days to 80% flowering. RG-BU08-016R crosses with IR58025A (-2.68*) and IR62820A (-3.42**) showed significant negative standard heterosis for days to first flowering. Five crosses of IR58025A showed significant negative heterosis with RG-BU 08-005R (-3.42*), RG-BU 08-006R (-5.28**), RG-BU 08-013R (-4.129**), RG-BU 08-016R (-5.78**), RG-BU 08-018R (-4.06*) for days to 80% flowering. Besides these 4 crosses of IR62820A showed significant negative heterosis with RG-BU 08-007R (-2.32*), RG-BU 08-016R (-6.03*), RG-BU 08-018R (-4.58**) followed by GAN 46A/RG-BU 08-006R (-4.58*), BRRI 1A/RG-BU 08-001R (-2.55**) and BRRI 1A/RG-BU 08-006R (-9.24**) resulted significant negative heterosis for days to 80% flowering. Positive heterosis were recorded for IR58025A with RG-BU 08-007R (26.97**), RG-BU 08-0046R (8.77**) and RG-BU 08-105R (14.44**) for PER and RG-BU 08-018R (42.46**), RG-BU 08-046R (112.30**), RG-BU 08-057R (27.46*) for SER. While two R-lines, RG-BU 08-013R (25.41**) and RG-BU 08-057R (7.21*) were found having significant positive heterosis for panicle exertion rate crosses with IR62820A but RG-BU 08-025R (52.82**), RG-BU 08-057R (122.66**) and RG-BU 08-063R (37.38**) were found having significant positive heterosis for SER. IR62820A/RG-BU08-057R showed significant positive heterosis for both panicle and stigma exertion rate. GAN46A/RG-BU 08-063R (5.65* & 133.02**) was recorded showing significant positive heterosis for both panicle and stigma exertion rate where. But the crosses of IR68888A was not shown exhibiting a great contribution for panicle and stigma exertion rate except RG-BU08-018R (25.94**). Meanwhile the crosses of BRRI1A was recorded having significant positive heterosis for PER with RG-BU08-005R (13.41**), RG-BU08-007R (5.65*) and RG-BU08-097R (25.94**) as well as RG-BU08-007R (133.02**), RG-BU08-013R (48.19**) and RG-BU08-038R (29.21*) were recorded having significant positive heterosis for SER.

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29

Singh, Dhara, Ashutosh Mishra, Jitendra Singh, Vikas Kumar Khattik, and Balram Meena. "Correlation coefficient analysis in twelve gladiolus (Gladiolus hybrids Hort.) genotypes." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1262.

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Study was undertaken to analyses the correlation co-efficient for twenty seven characters in twelve genotypes of gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridusHort.) grown atthe Instructional Farm, Department of Floriculture & Landscaping, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar. Spike length had highly positive association with rachis length (rg:0.92, rp:0.88), floret diameter (rg:0.94, rp:0.0.74), spike diameter (rg:0.66, rp:0.50), duration of flowering (rg:0.71, rp:0.42), number of florets per spike (rg:0.89, rp:0.84), number of cormels per plant (rg:0.69, rp:0.65), diameter of corm (rg:0.48, rp:0.41), weight of corm (rg:0.44, rp:0.40), weight of cormels per plant (rg:0.20, rp:0.19), size index of corms (rg:0.41, rp:0.38), florets remaining open at a time in vase (rg:0.56, rp:0.33). At both genotypic and phenotypic levels it had negative correlation with number of spikes per plot (rg:-0.56, rp:-0.48), number of corms per plant (rg:-0.72, rp:-0.50), number of corms per plot (rg:-0.60, rp:-0.54) and florets remaining unopened (rg:-0.39, rp:-0.37). It was observed that for most of the characters genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients.

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30

Hendriks, S. J., D. J. Donaghy, C. Matthew, M. R. Bretherton, N. W. Sneddon, G. P. Cosgrove, C. L. Christensen, et al. "Dry matter yield, nutritive value and tiller density of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass swards under grazing." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 78 (January 1, 2016): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2016.78.512.

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Alternative pasture species with the potential to supply quality forage during summer feed shortages, such as tall fescue (TF), are of interest to dairy farmers. A paddockscale study was undertaken to compare performance of TF managed on a shorter rotation similar to perennial ryegrass (RG) (TF-RG) with TF managed on a longer rotation more consistent with its morphology of 4 live leaves/tiller (TF-TF), and with RG (RG-RG). Accumulated dry matter (DM) yields were similar for the three treatments. Patch grazing was observed during the first spring, with more long patches in TFTF than in either TF-RG or RG-RG. Sown-species leaf area index (LAI) was greater in TF-TF compared with TF-RG and RG-RG (2.25, 1.56 and 0.90, respectively; P

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31

Harris, Joe P., Adrian M. Gardner, Timothy G. Wright, W. H. Breckenridge, and Larry A. Viehland. "Interactions in the B+–RG Complexes and Comparison with Be+–RG (RG = He–Rn): Evidence for Chemical Bonding." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 116, no. 20 (May 9, 2012): 4995–5007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp303057x.

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32

Somai, Benesh M., Ralph A. Dean, Mark W. Farnham, Thomas A. Zitter, and Anthony P. Keinath. "Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions 1 and 2 and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis of Didymella bryoniae and Related Phoma Species Isolated from Cucurbits." Phytopathology® 92, no. 9 (September 2002): 997–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.9.997.

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Didymella bryoniae (anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum) is the causal agent of gummy stem blight, although other Phoma species are often isolated from cucurbit plants exhibiting symptoms of the disease. The molecular and phylogenetic relationships between D. bryoniae and these Phoma species are unknown. Isolates of D. bryoniae and Phoma obtained from cucurbits grown at various geographical locations in the United States were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis (ITS-1 and ITS-2) to determine the molecular and phylogenetic relationships within and between these fungi. Using RAPD fingerprinting, 59 isolates were placed into four phylogenetic groups, designated RAPD group (RG) I, RG II, RG III, and RG IV. D. bryoniae isolates clustered in either RG I (33 isolates), RG II (12 isolates), or RG IV (one isolate), whereas all 13 Phoma isolates clustered to RG III. There was greater than 99% sequence identity in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 regions between isolates in RG I and RG II, whereas isolates in RG III, P. medicaginis ATCC 64481, and P. exigua ATCC 14728 clustered separately. On muskmelon seedlings, a subset of RG I isolates were highly virulent (mean disease severity was 71%), RG II and RG IV isolates were slightly virulent (mean disease severity was 4%), and RG III isolates were nonpathogenic (disease severity was 0% for all isolates). The ITS sequences indicate that RG I and RG II are both D. bryoniae, but RAPD fingerprints and pathogenicity indicate that they represent two different molecular and virulence subgroups.

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33

Bush, Andrew M., John M. Dyke, Paul Mack, David M. Smith, and Timothy G. Wright. "Production of Rg+ ions in the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of Rg · NO (Rg = Ar, Kr and Xe)." Chemical Physics 223, no. 2-3 (November 1997): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0104(97)00238-3.

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34

Borchers, N., G. Otto, and E. Kalm. "Genetic relationship of drip loss to further meat quality traits in purebred Piétrains." Archives Animal Breeding 50, no. 1 (October 10, 2007): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-50-84-2007.

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Abstract. Drip loss is an important quality criterion for the meat processing industry and also the consumer. Therefore this characteristic is discussed as a target trait for breeding schemes. In this study the EZ-DripLoss method was implemented in a routine testing procedure to determine drip loss regularly at 48 hours post mortem. As further meat quality traits conductivity and meat brightness were recorded at 24 hours post mortem. Additionally, pH value was measured at 45 minutes post mortem in the loin muscle and at 24 hours post mortem in the loin and in the ham. Reflectance was adopted from the FOM-protocol of the abattoir. For the estimation of the genetic parameters the determined percentage drip losses were logarithmicly transformed to get nearly normal distributed values. In total data of 2337 purebred Piétrains were analysed from which 782 were investigated on drip loss. Heritability of drip loss was 0.34±0,04 and decreased on 0.14±0,04 when the influence of the MHSgene was corrected. Genetic correlation of drip loss to pH45 was rg = −0.91±0.03, to pH24 (loin) rg = −0.72±0.04, to pH24 (ham) rg = −0.41±0.06, to conductivity rg = 0.93±0.02, to meat brightness rg = −0.87±0.03, and to reflectance rg = 0.63±0.07. Considering MHS-genotype the corresponding correlations were rg = −0.66±0.11, rg = −0.72±0.09, rg = −0.50±0.10, rg = 0.74±0.09, rg = −0.64±0.11, and rg = 0.13±0.13.

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35

Burnham, Andrew J., Jianling Armstrong, Anice C. Lowen, Robert G. Webster, and Elena A. Govorkova. "Competitive Fitness of Influenza B Viruses with Neuraminidase Inhibitor-Resistant Substitutions in a Coinfection Model of the Human Airway Epithelium." Journal of Virology 89, no. 8 (February 11, 2015): 4575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02473-14.

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ABSTRACTInfluenza A and B viruses are human pathogens that are regarded to cause almost equally significant disease burdens. Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) are the only class of drugs available to treat influenza A and B virus infections, so the development of NAI-resistant viruses with superior fitness is a public health concern. The fitness of NAI-resistant influenza B viruses has not been widely studied. Here we examined the replicative capacity and relative fitness in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells of recombinant influenza B/Yamanashi/166/1998 viruses containing a single amino acid substitution in NA generated by reverse genetics (rg) that is associated with NAI resistance. The replication in NHBE cells of viruses with reduced inhibition by oseltamivir (recombinant virus with the E119A mutation generated by reverse genetics [rg-E119A], rg-D198E, rg-I222T, rg-H274Y, rg-N294S, and rg-R371K, N2 numbering) or zanamivir (rg-E119A and rg-R371K) failed to be inhibited by the presence of the respective NAI. In a fluorescence-based assay, detection of rg-E119A was easily masked by the presence of NAI-susceptible virus. We coinfected NHBE cells with NAI-susceptible and -resistant viruses and used next-generation deep sequencing to reveal the order of relative fitness compared to that of recombinant wild-type (WT) virus generated by reverse genetics (rg-WT): rg-H274Y > rg-WT > rg-I222T > rg-N294S > rg-D198E > rg-E119A ≫ rg-R371K. Based on the lack of attenuated replication of rg-E119A in NHBE cells in the presence of oseltamivir or zanamivir and the fitness advantage of rg-H274Y over rg-WT, we emphasize the importance of these substitutions in the NA glycoprotein. Human infections with influenza B viruses carrying the E119A or H274Y substitution could limit the therapeutic options for those infected; the emergence of such viruses should be closely monitored.IMPORTANCEInfluenza B viruses are important human respiratory pathogens contributing to a significant portion of seasonal influenza virus infections worldwide. The development of resistance to a single class of available antivirals, the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs), is a public health concern. Amino acid substitutions in the NA glycoprotein of influenza B virus not only can confer antiviral resistance but also can alter viral fitness. Here we used normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, a model of the human upper respiratory tract, to examine the replicative capacities and fitness of NAI-resistant influenza B viruses. We show that virus with an E119A NA substitution can replicate efficiently in NHBE cells in the presence of oseltamivir or zanamivir and that virus with the H274Y NA substitution has a relative fitness greater than that of the wild-type NAI-susceptible virus. This study is the first to use NHBE cells to determine the fitness of NAI-resistant influenza B viruses.

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36

Ritter, Jürgen, and Sudarshan K. Sehgal. "TRIVIAL UNITS IN RG." Mathematical Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 105A, no. 1 (2005): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mpr.2005.0018.

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37

Barrett, John A., Roger H. Meacham, Michael F. Kelley, William F. Graney, and Mark H. Perrone. "Prinoxodan (RG W-2938)." Cardiovascular Drug Reviews 8, no. 4 (December 1990): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-3466.1990.tb00399.x.

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38

Batterman, Robert W. "Universality and RG Explanations." Perspectives on Science 27, no. 1 (February 2019): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00298.

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39

Choi, Keunsu, and Weonjong Lee. ", and RG evolution for." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 140 (March 2005): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.11.189.

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40

Tomboulis, E. T. "RG decimations and confinement." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 141 (April 2005): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.12.018.

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41

Gukov, Sergei. "RG flows and bifurcations." Nuclear Physics B 919 (June 2017): 583–638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2017.03.025.

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42

Fredenhagen, Stefan. "Organizing boundary RG flows." Nuclear Physics B 660, no. 3 (June 2003): 436–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(03)00226-8.

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43

Branchina, Vincenzo. "RG generated fermion mass." Physics Letters B 549, no. 1-2 (November 2002): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(02)02890-3.

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44

Lavrov, Peter M. "RG and BV-formalism." Physics Letters B 803 (April 2020): 135314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135314.

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45

Ivanchenko, Yu M., A. A. Lisyanskii, and A. E. Filippov. "New small RG parameter." Physics Letters A 150, no. 2 (October 1990): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(90)90258-p.

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46

Dr. Salim Dawood Mohisn and Muntaha Khudair Abbas. "On #RG-Compact spaces." journal of the college of basic education 22, no. 96 (December 27, 2022): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v22i96.9017.

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In this paper, we give a new type of compact spaces, and study some of their properties, namely #RG- compact space in topological spaces upon via the # rg-open set with modify some theorem of compact spaces.

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García-Delgado, R., and A. P. Raposo. "Symmetric Elements of Nonlinear Involutions in Group Rings." Algebra Colloquium 19, spec01 (October 31, 2012): 1041–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1005386712000843.

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Abstract:

Given an involution φ : G → G in a group G and a ring R, we study the extensions, not necessarily linear, to an involution ψ : RG → RG in the group ring RG. We investigate the symmetric elements, those α ∈ RG for which ψ(α) = α, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the set of symmetric elements, (RG)ψ, to be a subring of RG. This work is a generalization of [6] and references therein where only linear extensions of the group involution are considered.

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Kim, Yoon Young, Seung-Yup Ku, Zev Rosenwaks, Hung Ching Liu, Sun Kyung Oh, Shin Yong Moon, and Young Min Choi. "Red Ginseng Extract Facilitates the Early Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Mesendoderm Lineage." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/167376.

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Abstract:

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have capacities to self-renew and differentiate into all cell typesin vitro. Red ginseng (RG) is known to have a wide range of pharmacological effectsin vivo; however, the reports on its effects on hESCs are few. In this paper, we tried to demonstrate the effects of RG on the proliferation and differentiation of hESCs. Undifferentiated hESCs, embryoid bodies (EBs), and hESC-derived cardiac progenitors (CPs) were treated with RG extract at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL. After treatment of undifferentiated hESCs from day 2 to day 6 of culture, BrdU labeling showed that RG treatment increased the proliferation of hESCs, and the expression of Oct4 and Nanog was increased in RG-treated group. To find out the effects of RG on early differentiation stage cells, EBs were treated with RG extract for 10 days and attached for further differentiation. Immunostaining for three germ layer markers showed that RG treatment increased the expressions of Brachyury and HNF3βon EBs. Also, RG treatment increased the expression of Brachyury in early-stage and of Nkx2.5 in late-stage hESC-derived CPs. These results demonstrate facilitating effects of RG extract on the proliferation and early differentiation of hESC.

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49

Kim, Yangsoo, and Henning Meyer. "Multiphoton spectroscopy of NO?Rg (Rg = rare gas) van der Waals systems." International Reviews in Physical Chemistry 20, no. 3 (July 2001): 219–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713863631.

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Gardner, Adrian M., Kayla A. Gutsmiedl, Timothy G. Wright, Edmond P. F. Lee, W. H. Breckenridge, Shristi Rajbhandari, Chivone Y. N. Chapman, and Larry A. Viehland. "Theoretical Study of M+−RG Complexes (M = Ga, In; RG = He−Rn)." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 115, no. 25 (June 30, 2011): 6979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp1122079.

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