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Browdy, Ronisha Witlee. "Rhetorical Spirits: Spirituality as Rhetorical Device in New Age Womanist of Color Texts." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4642.
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Throughout history African–American women have struggled against oppressions that have stereotyped their identities, scrutinized their character, and ultimately labeled their bodies inferior and inhuman. Despite the debilitating ideologies and barriers African–American women have been forced to operate within, they have fought against these racist, sexist, classist, homophobic environments, crafting their own “new” ethos through writing, as well as entertainment and popular culture. Although Black women remain plagued by history, the New Age of the 1980s as discussed by Akasha Gloria Hull in Soul Talk: The New Spirituality of African–American Women seemed to spark a new spirituality amongst African–American women. During this time, they acquired new spiritual practices and beliefs (meditation, chanting, Tarot readings, and following of Eastern religions and medicine), and deeper spiritual connections with their pasts (including their ancestors). These new forms of enlightenment quickly became a major part of many Black women’s public and private identities. Hull notices that these new “spiritually-inspired”practices simultaneously became integrated into African–American women writer's, such as Alice Walker, Toni Cade Bambara, Toni Morrison, Audre Lorde, bell hooks, Susan L. Taylor and more, literature produced in the late 1970s and 1980s, resulting in a surge of three-dimensional writing that Hull says is political, creative, and spiritual.
Drawing from Hull’s findings, I respond to a need within African–American rhetoric(s) for more research on the use of nommo (the word) and magara (the spirit) as rhetorical figures within African–American discourse. Although nommo is commonly recognized as an essential part of African–American discourse, magara (the spiritual force within the word) has been less discussed as a rhetorical device. I believe that this has to do with the controversial nature of spirituality within our culture, especially within the academy and social politics. To recognize the importance of `the spirit' within Black women's practices, I turn to a particular way of understanding—womanist thought—which embraces the spiritualization of the everyday, as well as African philosophy, which recognizes the inherent spiritual power of language, as background sources to my claim that African–American women use spirituality as a rhetorical device within their writing. Then, using a variation of Kenneth Burke’s cluster-agon method developed by Carol A. Berthold, I analyze three 1980s womanist texts: This Bridge Called My Back: Radical Women of Color, Sister Outsider, and The Color Purple. Through this analysis, I locate a womanist of color rhetoric during the late 1970s and 1980s New Age movement.
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McDermott, Margaret Ann. "Tools of a trade guilt as a rhetorical device in conduct literature /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5781.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 13, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Al-Mukharriq, Hayfa. "Repetition as an effective rhetorical device in Arabic and English argumentative and expository texts." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339794.
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Dubremetz, Marie. "Detecting Rhetorical Figures Based on Repetition of Words: Chiasmus, Epanaphora, Epiphora." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-334486.
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This thesis deals with the detection of three rhetorical figures based on repetition of words: chiasmus (“Fair is foul, and foul is fair.”), epanaphora (“Poor old European Commission! Poor old European Council.”) and epiphora (“This house is mine. This car is mine. You are mine.”). For a computer, locating all repetitions of words is trivial, but locating just those repetitions that achieve a rhetorical effect is not. How can we make this distinction automatically? First, we propose a new definition of the problem. We observe that rhetorical figures are a graded phenomenon, with universally accepted prototypical cases, equally clear non-cases, and a broad range of borderline cases in between. This makes it natural to view the problem as a ranking task rather than a binary detection task. We therefore design a model for ranking candidate repetitions in terms of decreasing likelihood of having a rhetorical effect, which allows potential users to decide for themselves where to draw the line with respect to borderline cases. Second, we address the problem of collecting annotated data to train the ranking model. Thanks to a selective method of annotation, we can reduce by three orders of magnitude the annotation work for chiasmus, and by one order of magnitude the work for epanaphora and epiphora. In this way, we prove that it is feasible to develop a system for detecting the three figures without an unsurmountable amount of human work. Finally, we propose an evaluation scheme and apply it to our models. The evaluation reveals that, even with a very incompletely annotated corpus, a system for repetitive figure detection can be trained to achieve reasonable accuracy. We investigate the impact of different linguistic features, including length, n-grams, part-of-speech tags, and syntactic roles, and find that different features are useful for different figures. We also apply the system to four different types of text: political discourse, fiction, titles of articles and novels, and quotations. Here the evaluation shows that the system is robust to shifts in genre and that the frequencies of the three rhetorical figures vary with genre.Denna avhandling behandlar tre retoriska figurer som bygger på upprepning av ord, kiasm (“Om inte Muhammed kan komma till berget får berget komma till Muhammed.”), anafor (“Det är inte rimligt. Det är inte hållbart. Det är inte rättvist.”), och epifor (“Den här stugan är min. Den här bilen är min. Du är min.”). En dator kan lätt identifiera upprepningar av ord i en text, men att urskilja enbart de upprepningar som har en retorisk effekt är svårare. Hur kan vi få datorer att göra detta? För det första föreslår vi en ny definition av problemet. Vi noterar att retoriska figurer är ett graderbart fenomen, med prototypiska fall å ena sidan, och klara icke-fall å andra sidan; däremellan finns ett brett spektrum av gränsfall. Detta gör det naturligt att se problemet som en uppgift som gäller rangordning snarare än binär klassificering. Vi skapar därför en modell för att rangordna repetitioner efter sannolikheten att de har en retorisk effekt. Därigenom tillåts systemets användare att själva avgöra hur gränsfall ska hanteras. För det andra försöker vi undvika tänkbara svårigheter med att samla in annoterade data för att träna modellen för rangordning. Genom att använda en selektiv metod kan vi reducera mängden annoteringsarbete tusenfalt för kiasm och tiofalt för anafor och epifor. Det är alltså möjligt att utveckla ett system för att identifiera de aktuella retoriska figurerna utan en stor mängd manuell annotering. Slutligen föreslår vi en metod för utvärdering och tillämpar den på våra modeller. Utvärderingen visar att vi även med en korpus där få exempel är annoterade kan träna ett system för identifiering av repetitiva figurer med godtagbart resultat. Vi undersöker effekten av olika särdrag som bygger på t.ex. längd, n-gram, ordklasser och syntaktiska roller. En slutsats är att olika särdrag är användbara i olika grad för olika figurer. Vi prövar också systemet på ytterligare texttyper: politisk diskurs, skönlitteratur, titlar på artiklar och romaner, samt citat. Utvärderingen visar att systemet är robust vad gäller genreskillnader. Vi ser även att figurernas frekvens varierar över olika genrer.
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LeBlanc, Rosemary. "The R-Stick Appliance as a Device to Facilitate the Phoneme /r/." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4794.
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One of the most common articulation errors made by children is on the phoneme Ir I. Treatment techniques for this sound have varied and have included the stimulus approach (Van Riper, 1972), phonetic placement techniques (Scripture, 1923), the sensory-motor approach (McDonald, 1964), the motokinesthetics approach (Young & Hawk, 1938), and sequential programming approach (Shriberg, 1975; Wood, 1988), to name a few. An integral part of many of these treatment methods is the use of the auditory stimulation. An innovative technique using a prosthetic device to facilitate the production of Ir I was used by Leonti, Blakeley, and Louis (1975), in the treatment of a 9.8 year old male. A follow-up study was conducted by Clark, Schwarz, and Blakeley, (1993) in which a prosthetic device, the R-appliance, was used to facilitate the production of Ir I at the word level. The results of the study indicated that the appliance facilitated the production of Ir I in isolation, in words, and in spontaneous speech. The present study investigated the use of the R-stick appliance as a facilitative device for the production of the Ir/ phoneme at the word level. It was hypothesized that the experimental group (R-stick) would have higher mean scores at the word level than the control group (no R-stick). This hypothesis was not supported by the data. Both groups showed significant improvements in their Ir I word productions, but no difference was shown between the two treatment approaches. There are several possible reasons for these results: (a) insufficient training with the use of the R-stick and the treatment protocol, (b) lack of probes during the course of the study, (c) length of treatment, (d) the small number of subjects participating in the study, and (e) the R-stick appliance is a clinician-manipulated tool.
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Newquist, Cathy. "The grammatic closure subtest of the ITPA as a screening device." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3708.
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Identification and selection of a speech-language caseload in the school setting can be a challenging task. The initial stages of caseload selection are usually in the form of a screening procedure. Although speech-language information is gathered at that time, information about its relationship to each student's academic status is usually not obtained. Such information would be useful in a setting that requires the provision of special education services to be justified from a basis of academic need.
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Markus, Marcia. "Interaction and Persuasion:An analysis of the use of rhetorical devices in Gordon Brown's speech to the Labour Party Conference, on September 25, 2006." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4140.
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This essay has identified and analysed rhetorical devices in Gordon Brown’s speech delivered at the Labour Party conference on September 25, 2006. The aim of the study was to identify specific rhetorical devices which are described as interactional resources, analyse their uses and discuss possible effects that they may have when included in a political speech. The results are based on my own interpretations but are supported by information provided in current literature by analysts and researchers of rhetoric use. The result findings could probably serve as evidence of the need for better understanding of the devices used by politicians in their relentless endeavours to influence audience decisions.
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Daneback, Jenny. "Disease and disaster : On the translation of illness and natural force metaphors in a journalistic political essay." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65116.
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This essay deals with the translation of certain metaphors in a journalistic political essay. It focuses on metaphor as a conceptual and rhetorical device, and on the translation of metaphors that make use of the source domains NATURAL FORCE and ILLNESS. The aim of the essay is to investigate to what extent the two source domains are transferred to the target text in translation, and to show how the fact that metaphors are both conceptual and rhetorical is reason for why they should be transferred when possible. The study is quantitative in that it looks at frequency of source domain transfer into the target text and at the frequency of a few metaphor translation methods, and it is qualitative in that it explains how the metaphors are both conceptual and rhetorical choices on behalf of the author, and in that it explains and analyses the processes leading to certain metaphor translation strategies. The study finds that four different methods are used when translating the metaphors in questions and that it is by far most common to directly translate them. The second most common strategy allows for the source domain to be transferred to the target text but for the actual lexemes or phrases belonging to it to be exchanged for other lexemes or phrases within the same source domain.
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De, Vries D. W. "'n Ondersoek na die verskynsel literere spanning aan die hand van Deon Meyer se roman Proteus." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5667.
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Magister Artium - MAIn these novels suspense plays an important role, but elements that are usually found in literary works are also prominent in these narratives, for instance the fleshing out of characters' psyche and working with philosophical or current issues. In rhetorical terms these novels can be said to be suspense novels that make use of literary devices and themes. Novels by Deon Meyer fit into this category. In the Netherlands translations of his works are to be found among 'literaire thrillers' in bookshops. Therefore one of Meyer's novels was chosen for analysis. In this study the ways in which suspense is created in a narrative text is investigated. Proteus, a literary thriller, was chosen for its handling of characters and events in the transition in South Africa from an apartheid state to a democratic dispensation. This poses an intricate challenge for the writer. The reseach problem posed is this: How is literary suspense created in a narrative text? The creation of suspense in a narrative text has to do with literary communication. For this reason Roman Jakobson's well-known model for literary communication is at the basis of this research. Rene Appel's criteria for the creation of suspense in narrative texts, as it is explained in his work Spanning in verhalen: Over het schrijven van spannende boeken (2007), is also part of this study at its theoretical base. Various relevant sources have been included in this regard. In this formalistic study various elements pertaining to suspense in the narrative are part of the research in terms of isolating the ways in which suspense is produced in a narrative text in general and specifically in the case of Proteus. Also in this regard the novel's literarity is discussed.
South Africa
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Bush, Lawrence Ray. "More than Words: Rhetorical Devices in American Political Cartoons." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3924.
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This thesis argues that literary theory applied to political cartoons shows that cartoons are reasoned arguments. The rhetorical devices used in the cartoons mimic verbal devices used by essayists. These devices, in turn, make cartoons influential in that they have the power to persuade readers while making them laugh or smile. It also gives examples of literary theorists whose works can be applied to political cartooning, including Frederick Saussure, Mikhail Bakhtin, and Wolfgang Iser. Not only do those theorists' arguments apply to text, they also apply to pictorial representations.
This thesis also discusses changes in the cartoon art form over the 250 years that American political cartoons have existed. Changes have occurred in both the way text and pictorial depictions have been presented by artists. This thesis makes some attempt to explain why the changes occurred and whether they have been for the better.
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Emke, Andréas. "Musiklärares användning av talekonsten : Retoriska förmågor." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-4177.
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Äldre litteratur har visat att talkonsten kan användas för att övertyga sina åhörare. En väsentlig del i läraryrket är att göra sig förstådd hos elever och studenter. I denna studie undersöktes det hur musiklärare använde sig av retoriska grepp i sin undervisning samt hur deras elever uppfattade musiklärarnas retorik. Studien genomfördes genom observering av musiklärarnas lektioner, därefter intervjuades deras elever. Resultatet visade att musiklärarna använde rösten på olika sätt, via övertygelse, tempo, betoningar och pauser, för att framföra sitt budskap. Studien visade att elevernas förståelse för ämnet kan påverkas genom att läraren anpassar sitt sätt att tala.In the olden literature it has been shown that the art of speech can be used to convince its listeners. An essential part of the teaching profession is to make oneself understood by pupils and students. This study examines how music teachers use rhetorical devices in their teaching and how their students perceive the music teachers' rhetoric. The study was conducted by observing the music teachers' lessons, afterwards their students were interviewed. The results show that music teachers use their voice in different ways, through conviction, tempo, strategic emphases and pauses for effect, to convey their message. The study shows that students' understanding of the subject can be influenced by the teacher adapting his or her way of speaking.
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Sin, Hoi Lam Carolina. "Translating rhetorical devices :a case study of translation of advertising slogans." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954269.
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Forsa, Catherine Q. "Science as Aesthetic Device in Nineteenth-Century American Literature." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1460481373.
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Lee, Brenda Hilary. "An analysis of senior secondary students' writing and the use of rhetorical devices." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38626354.
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Staugaitė, Ingrida. "Linguistic realization of rhetorical strategies in Barack Obama and Dalia Grybauskaitė's political speeches." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140723_144546-29919.
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The principal objective of this study was to explore what rhetorical strategies and stylistic devices Presidents Dalia Grybauskaitė and Barack Obama use in their political speeches and how these devices help them to gain the audience’s attention and render the message. The speeches of the two Presidents Dalia Grybauskaitė and B. Obama were analyzed in order to highlight the patterns of the usage of rhetorical strategies and to investigate the stylistic devices which are aimed at making speech more emphatic, expressive and persuasive. The method chosen for the study was content analysis including generalization and evaluation of the results. The results of the research showed a significant contribution of stylistic means to persuade the listeners on an emotional level or even to manipulate them. The next step of the study must be conducted to determine stylistic means which can influence rhythmical feature of the speech.Magistro darbo tikslas- išryškinti retorinių strategijų modelius, ištirti stilistines priemones, kurios yra naudojamos prezidentų Dalios Grybauskaitės ir Barako Obamos politinėse kalbose ir kaip jos padeda įgyti auditorijos palankumą, iškelti svarbias problemas ir kartu įtikinti visuomenę savo idėjomis emociškai manipuliuojant. Analizuojant kalbas buvo atliktos lyginamoji, turinio, diskurso, taip pat apibendrinimo ir vertinimo analizės. Gauti rezultatai patvirtina, kad prezidentai, siekdami savo tikslų per politinę retoriką, bando manipuliuoti auditorijos įsitikinimais ir taip paveikti visuomenės veiksmus. Kitas žingsnis turėtų būti atliekamas siekiant nustatyti tas stilistines priemones naudojamas kalbose, kurios turi įtakos kalbos ritmiškumui.
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Zhao, Geng Ping Holly. "Rhetorical devices and translation in political discourse :a case study of Xi Jinping : The Governance of China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954472.
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Ng, Shuet Ngan Grace. "The function of direct quotations as an evaluative device in personal profiles." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2001. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/371.
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鄭慶章 and Hing-cheung Kevin Cheng. "The role of personality in the use of linguistic devices inpersuasion." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31244051.
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Quitter, Donald R. Jr. "Traditional Rhetoric in a Modern Chinese Talk Show: Metaphorical Devices in Chinese Media, Talk Show and Idiom." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1389353438.
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Lo, Jingjer. "The contribution of literary features and rhetorical devices in narrative plot climax of Genesis 22:1-19 to Abraham narrative (Genesis 12-25)." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Smith, Gregory Vance. "Rhetorics of Fear, Deployment of Identity, and Metal Music Cultures." Scholar Commons, 2009. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3676.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the rhetorics of fear operating in public discourses surrounding metal music. This analysis focuses on how the public rhetorics deploy identity on listener populations through both the mediation and legislation of identities. Specifically, this mediation takes place using both symbols of fear and arguments constructed on potential threats. Texts for analysis in this study include film and television documentaries, newspaper articles, book-length critiques of and scholarship on heavy metal, and transcripts from the U.S. Senate Hearings on Record Labeling.
"Heavy metal" and "metal music" are labels that categorize diverse styles of music. While there is no exemplar metal song that accounts for a definition of the genre, the terms have been consistently used in rhetorics of fear. These rhetorical movements produce and deploy deviant identities, depend on the construction of cultural crisis, and generate counter rhetorics of agency for individuals and subcultures. The study moves 1) chronologically through metal history, 2) geographically from the United States to
Norway, and 3) contextually through media events that produce the public discourses of identity, crisis, and counter rhetorics. This study charts the rhetorical movements that have created fear within communities, leading to threats of legislation or criminalization of segments of the population.
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Stayer, Jane Mary. "Facilitating Independent Communication for an Adult with Severe, Nonfluent Aphasia Using a Voice Output Communication Aid." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4790.
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Aphasia is an acquired general impairment of the language processes resulting from brain damage that is frequently caused by cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs). Persons with aphasia have a history of retaining important communication competencies that have the potential for helping them succeed in using augmented communication systems. Using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems by adults with aphasia has been studied, but few studies have reported successfully using AAC systems in rehabilitating adults with aphasia. New advanced technologies including the availability of devices that talk, store a lot of information, and are relatively small can give AAC the potential to affect a greater change in functional communication skills for more persons with aphasia, particularly as experience with AAC rehabilitation grows. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether an adult with severe, nonfluent aphasia could communicate independently by adding a voice output communication aid (VOCA) to his natural communication repertoire. This study also sought to answer the following question: Does the addition of a VOCA to natural expression facilitate independent communication in an adult with severe, nonfluent aphasia? One subject was drawn from the out-patient members of a recreationoriented communication treatment group which is conducted at the Portland Veterans' Affairs Medical Center. The subject had been diagnosed with severe, nonfluent aphasia by a certified Speech/Language Pathologist. This study used a single-subject, component assessment research design to explore the relative effectiveness of components in an aphasia and AAC treatment package. It compared the relative effectiveness of Promoting Aphasics' Communicative Effectiveness (PACE) only treatment using natural communication strategies with that of PACE treatment for natural strategies plus a VOCA component. The subject's attempts to convey information were videotaped and analyzed using mean scores and a split-middle method of trend estimation to determine whether performance differences existed under two treatment conditions. The data for the number of conversational turns show an increase in the number of conversational turns which confirms an overall decrease in efficiency of communication for a severely aphasic person in this structured task in the augmented condition. Second, although the data for the number of communication breakdowns, the number of repair turns, and the repair turns as a percentage of total turns show a decline which would confirm an overall increase in effectiveness, this study does not conclusively demonstrate that the use of a VOCA enhances communication in this setting for this person compared to PACE only treatment. Lastly, the data for the number of messages conveyed correctly show little change which confirms by the measure used in this study, no difference in accuracy of communication for this activity in the augmented condition.
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Sluss, Randal J. "Racial Profiling and Policing in North Carolina: Reality or Rhetoric?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2073.
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This thesis examined police practices of the North Carolina Highway Patrol concerning the occurrence of racial profiling. The sample data consisted of motorists stopped in North Carolina by the Highway Patrol between January 1, 2000 and July 31, 2000 (N = 332, 861). The findings suggested that race was a likely factor in pretextual stops. The results also indicate that racial profiling was occurring more in the western region than the eastern region of North Carolina. Theoretical reasons are offered in support of these findings.
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Allen, Mallary. "The Social Construction of Deviance, Activism, and Identity in Women's Accounts of Abortion." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/752.
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The mainstream abortion rights debate in the United States, its opposing factions popularly identified as pro-choice and pro-life, is reliant upon identifiable narratives of abortion's value to women and society and, alternately, its harms. This dissertation traces more than one hundred years of evolution of popular rhetoric surrounding the practice of elective termination of pregnancy in the U.S. and identifies the understandings of abortion and the women who have them which are most prominent in our culture today. This dissertation examines the ways in which women who have had abortions invoke the rhetoric of "sympathetic abortion" in making sense of their own experiences. For the pro-choice movement, young, childless women accomplish sympathetic abortions in light of factors like responsible birth control use and the pursuit of empowering life goals, while factors like existing children, previous abortions, and bad clinic experiences contradict this template. The women interviewed for this research discuss ways in which the circumstances surrounding their abortions and their individual approaches to their procedures align their reproductive choices with the sympathetic template or else point to ways in which their experiences fail this standard. Women occasionally transcend the templates of "good" and "bad" abortions and offer new meanings. This dissertation closes with a discussion of the role of women's stories in social movements and the consequences of discourse which ignores abortion experiences that fall short of the contemporary formula story.
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Skaadel, Håvard. "Musical-rhetorical devices in the small concertato motets of Henry Du Mont (ca. 1610-1684) : conventions and modernity in a mid-17th-century musical aesthetic of proportions and emotional representation /." Oslo : University of Oslo, section of musicology, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401080895.
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Caruso, Régis. "Édition critique d’un recueil anonyme proto-byzantin de figures du discours. La pédagogie du style aux Ve-VIe siècles." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0053.
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La présente thèse est l’édition critique d’un recueil de figures de style anonyme protobyzantin des Ve-VIe siècles, De figuris orationis (Rhetores Graeci, III, édit. L. Spengel, Leipzig, Teubner, 1856, p. 110-160). L’auteur, un professeur, entreprend pour son élève un recensement des figures hermogéniennes en arguant de l’excellence d’Hermogène. Il s’agit de figures apparaissant aussi dans le Corpus rhetoricum (Corpus rhetoricum, édit. M. Patillon, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2008-2014), dans le traité sur l’invention (De inuentione (C. rhet.III1)) du Pseudo-Hermogène et dans le traité sur les catégories stylistiques du discours (Deideis (C. rhet. IV)) d’Hermogène. Le recueil a ensuite été augmenté d’un relevé de figures inhabituelles à partir des scolies de l’Iliade, où se glissent d’autres types de figures et des considérations annexes. Des gloses, d’inspiration chrétienne notamment, ont aussi été insérées en différents endroits de l’ensemble du texte. Cette édition comprend :I. 1) un rappel des opinions émises sur le texte ; 2) sa datation ; 3) un questionnement portant sur son unité ; 4) une étude des principales orientations théoriques dans le domaine des figures ; 5) un examen de la position théorique et pratique de l’auteur du recueil ; 6) l’étude de la tradition manuscrite du texte ; 7) une recherche portant sur les liens entretenus par le texte avec le corpus démosthénien et les Scolies de Démosthène ; 8) une explicitation des principes de l’édition ; 9) quelques observations sur les éditions antérieures ;II. 1) le texte établi et émendé, un apparat (leçons, témoins, sources) ; 2) une traduction en français ; 3) un commentaire continuThe current thesis consists in the scholarly edition of a collection of anonymous proto-Byzantine stylistic devices, dated from the fifth and sixth centuries. It is entitled De figurisorationis (Rhetores Graeci, III, L. Spengel ed., Leipzig, Teubner, 1856, 110-160). Theirauthor, a Professor convinced of Hermogenes excellence, intended the inventory of theHermogenian devices for a student. These same devices can also be found in the Corpusrhetoricum (Corpus rhetoricum, M. Patillon ed., Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2008-2014), bothin the treatise devoted to invention (De inuentione (C. rhet. III1)) by the Pseudo-Hermogenesand Hermogenes treatise dedicated to the stylistic categories of the discourse (De ideis (C.rhet. IV)). That collection was then expanded by a census of unusual devices found in theIliad scholia, to which were added some other kind of figures and additional observations.Gloses can also be found in various passages of the text, some of Christian inspiration.The current edition includes:I. 1) A reminder of various opinions on the text; 2) the dating of the text; 3) anexamination of its unity; 4) a study about the main theoretical orientations in the field ofstylistic devices; 5) an analysis of the theoretical and practical position of the author; 6) astudy of the manuscript tradition; 7) an investigation of the links between the text, theDemosthenean corpus and the Demosthenes Scholia; 8) an elucidation of the principlesguiding the current edition; 9) a few observations on prior editions;II. 1) The text established and reviewed, with footnotes (lectures, witnesses, sources); 2)a French translation; 3) a commentary
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Forss, Henrik, and David Asteberg. "Att prata i politik : En diskurspsykologisk undersökning av positionering i kommunfullmäktige." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254576.
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Lokal politik har en viktig roll i samhället och dess faktakonstruktion kan ha en påverkan på individen. Lokalpolitikern konstruerar i sina anföranden beskrivningar av verkligheten som görs trovärdiga genom retoriskt arbete. Arbetet använder en diskurspsykologisk metod för att undersöka kommunpolitikers anförande i debatten rörande kommunens styrdokument, Inriktning, verksamhet och ekonomi (förkortat IVE) för åren 2015 till 2018. Studien kommer fram till att problem och lösningar görs till fakta genom användandet av offensiv och defensiv retorik. I konstruerandet av problemet finns också ett konstruerande av en politisk motståndare som föranlett problemet. Producerandet görs trovärdigt genom retoriska resurser som främst är av offensiv karaktär. I konstruerandet av lösningar positionerar kommunpolitiker sig nära lösningen och som kapabla och ansvarsfulla aktörer. I producerandet nyttjas retoriska resurser som främst är av defensiv karaktär.Local government has an important role in society and their facts construction can have an impact on the individual citizen. In their speeches, local politicians construct descriptions of reality that are made credible by their rhetorical work. This study utilizes a discourse psychological method to investigate municipal politicians’ speech in the debate on the municipal policy regarding Orientation, Services and Economics (abbreviated IVE) for the years of 2015 throughout 2018. The study concludes that problems and solutions become facts through utilization of offensive and defensive rhetorical techniques. In the construction of the problem there is also a construction of the political opponent that has prompted the problem. The production is made credible through rhetorical resources of primarily offensive characteristics. In constructing the solution the municipal politicians position themselves close to the solution and as capable and responsible actors. In the production they use rhetorical resources that are mainly in defensive form.
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Nechvátalová, Gabriela. "Barack Obamas retorik i tolkning till tjeckiska : Fallstudie om överföringar av retoriska figurer i medietolkning." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157051.
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Denna studie analyserar hur president Obamas retoriska figurer överförs till tjeckiska samt i vilken utsträckning parallellismer återges, baserat på analyser av två valda medietolkningar. Analysen visar bl.a. att de bildliga uttrycken överförs i form av omskrivningar eller utelämnas. Några retoriska figurer, såsom anaforer, anadiploser och parallellismer, skapas genom upprepningar. Eftersom tolkar inte kan förutse vart talaren leder talet är det svårt att hinna analysera om en upprepning är en retorisk figur med en funktion som bör behållas eller en onödig upprepning som bör undvikas. De undersökta tolkningarna fick en P-poäng på 70% resp. 63% vilket stämmer överens med Pöchhackers resultat om överföringar av parallellismer vid medietolkning utan manus (2012).This study analyses how president Obama's rhetorical figures are transferred into Czech and to what extent parallelisms are reproduced, based on the analysis of two selected media interpretations. The analysis showed that the metaphorical expressions are either rewritten or omitted. Some rhetorical figures, such as anaphors, anadiplosis and parallelisms, are created by repetitions. Because interpreters cannot predict where the speaker is taking the speech, it is difficult for them to analyse whether a repetition is a rhetorical figure with a function that should be retained or an unnecessary repetition that should be avoided. The examined interpretations yielded a P-score of 70% and 63%, which corresponds with Pöchhacker's results on transferring of parallelism in media interpretation without script (2012).
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Davies, Callan John. "Strange devices on the Jacobean stage : image, spectacle, and the materialisation of morality." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19236.
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Concentrating on six plays in the 1610s, this thesis explores the ways theatrical visual effects described as “strange” channel the period’s moral anxieties about rhetoric, technology, and scepticism. It contributes to debates in repertory studies, textual and material culture, intellectual history, theatre history, and to recent revisionist considerations of spectacle. I argue that “strange” spectacle has its roots in the materialisation of morality: the presentation of moral ideas not as abstract concepts but in physical things. The first part of my PhD is a detailed study of early modern moral philosophy, scepticism, and material and textual culture. The second part of my thesis concentrates on Shakespeare’s Cymbeline (1609-10) and The Tempest (1611), John Webster’s The White Devil (1612), and Thomas Heywood’s first three Age plays (1611-13). These spectacular plays are all written and performed within the years 1610-13, a period in which the changes, challenges, and developments in both stage technology and moral philosophy are at their peak. I set these plays in the context of the wider historical moment, showing that the idiosyncrasy of their “strange” stagecraft reflects the period’s interest in materialisation and its attendant moral anxieties. This thesis implicitly challenges some of the conclusions of repertory studies, which sometimes threatens to hierarchise early modern theatre companies by seeing repertories as indications of audience taste and making too strong a divide between, say, “elite” indoor and “citizen” outdoor playhouses. It is also aligned with recent revisionist considerations of spectacle, and I elide divisions in criticism between interest in original performance conditions, close textual analysis, or historical-contextual readings. I present “strangeness” as a model for appreciating the distinct aesthetic of these plays, by reading them as part of their cultural milieu and the material conditions of their original performance.
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Halsey, Sandra Patricia. "Genre in first year composition: The missing link to transferability?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2530.
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This thesis suggests the incorporation of "Genre Theory" into First Year Composition (FYC) at California State University (CSUSB) as a means of alleviating the lack of transfer of what is learned in FYC to other university writing. In examing the feasibility of that incorporation, it takes into consideration the demands made on the FYC course across universities and specifically at CSUSB.
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Gilbert, Candace June. "Large-scale portfolio assessment: Pitfalls and pathways." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1524.
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Dekavalla, Georgia. "Terror and Evil in Iraq : A Study of Political Discourse." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2631.
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Abstract
This paper aims to determine the validity of the hypothesis that the effective and eloquent use of language can result in shaping beliefs and altering people’s perception of certain phenomena. In order to explore this hypothesis, a speech given by George W. Bush concerning the Iraq war is examined, followed by a brief study of two corpora, the Time Magazine Corpus and the Corpus of Contemporary American English, where the collocationpatterns of the words Iraq, evil and terror are examined. The paper starts by presenting the main concepts upon which this study is based, i.e. mental frames, the co-operative principle and conversational maxims and finally, various rhetoric devices. An analysis section follows, where George Bush’s speech is examined with the help of the concepts mentioned above and the analysis continues with the corpora-study. One of the conclusions drawn in this study is that, indeed, it is possible that language can be successfully used in order to achieve political means, and that there seems to be a shift in the American public’s perception of concepts such as Iraq and terror, visible in the use of language. However, it cannot be said with certainty whether the Bush Administration has managed to dominate public discourse, through a study as minor as this one.
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Ludwig, Carlos Roberto. "Mimesis of inwardeness in Shakespeare's drama : The Merchant of Venice." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71936.
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Esta Tese de Doutorado tem por objetivo discutir a questão da mimesis da interioridade no Mercador de Veneza, de William Shakespeare. A pesquisa está embasada na obra Inwardness and Theater in the English Renaissance, de Maus (1995), e na obra Shakespeare Philosophy, de McGinn (2007), na crítica literária da peça. Maus apresenta a interioridade como um constructo social e cultural da Renascença Inglesa. Ela analisa a interioridade tomando como base a oposição entre aparências, consideradas falsas e enganosas na época, e interioridade, que era tida como manifestações sinceras e verdadeiras das dimensões interiores do indivíduo. Contudo, McGinn vai além da discussão de Maus sobre interioridade, ao perceber que Shakespeare representou as dimensões obscuras incontroláveis do indivíduo. Ele apresenta as forças misteriosas que controlam os pendores interiores das personagens. Além disso, a tese busca analisar a constelação de motivos e a retórica da interioridade que representam sentimentos interiores na peça de Shakespeare. Parte da hipótese de que a mimesis shakespeariana da interioridade é representada em sinais, sutis tais como os silêncios, os não-ditos, as rupturas de linguagem, gestos corporais, pathos, contradições de ideias e pensamentos, a consciência, vergonha e atos falhos. Ademais, a mimesis shakespeariana da interioridade é construída através do artifício do espelhamento que é a representação das dimensões interiores e os pendores da mente nos sentimentos, ideias, gestos, pensamentos, comportamento e atitude de outras personagens. Na verdade, Shakespeare não inventou a interioridade, mas aprofundou a representação da interioridade introduzindo traços inovadores na linguagem do drama. Este trabalho também discute o estranho desenvolvimento da crítica sobre a peça, apresentando que a crítica dos séculos XVIII e XIX lia Shylock como um herói trágico, ao passo que a crítica do século XX lia Shylock como um vilão cômico, provavelmente influenciada pelo antissemitismo da primeira metade do século. Essa pesquisa foca sobre a estranha relação entre Antonio e Bassanio, assim como sua relação com Shylock. Sua relação é representada como homoerótica e o desejo de um frívolo sacrifício de Antonio por Bassanio sugere a interioridade de Antonio. Shylock é também representado como o pai primordial da peça e esse detalhe sugere a causa da tristeza de Antonio no começo da peça. Analisa também o teste dos escrínios de Portia e demonstra seu desejo de defraudar o testamento de seu pai, tão logo ela pede que se toque uma canção que sugere em suas rimas o verdadeiro escrínio. Discute os problemas da consciência de Launcelot e da interioridade de Jessica. Analisa também a relação distante entre Jessica e Shylock, como também sua partida da casa de seu pai e roubo de seu dinheiro, como uma forma de afrontar o poder patriarcal. Centra-se também na cegueira de Shylock para com as intenções reais de sua filha. Interpreta a cena do julgamento de Shylock e como Portia forja um julgamento fraudulento, anulando o contrato de Shylock a tomando sua propriedade. Apresenta uma discussão sobre a mimesis shakespeariana de interioridade, com base nas considerações de Auerbach e Dubois, assim como discute o problema do gênero da peça, sugerindo que a peça não é uma mera comédia, mas uma tragicomédia.This Doctorate thesis aims at discussing the issue of mimesis of inwardness in The Merchant of Venice, by William Shakespeare. This survey is based on Maus‘ Inwardness and Theater in the English Renaissance (1995), McGinn‘s work Shakespeare Philosophy (2007) and the literary criticism on the play. Maus presents inwardness as social and cultural construct of the English Renaissance. She analyses inwardness based on the opposition between appearances, considered false and deceitful in the age, and inwardness, which was taken as true and sincere manifestations of the inward dimensions of the self. However, McGinn goes beyond Maus‘ discussion on inwardness, perceiving that Shakespeare represented the uncontrolled obscure inward dimensions of the self. He presents the mysterious forces which control the characters‘ inward dispositions. Moreover, the thesis aims at analysing the constellation of motifs and the rhetoric of inwardness which represent inward feelings in Shakespeare‘s play. It parts from the hypothesis that Shakespearean mimesis of inwardness is represented in subtle signs such as silences, non-said, breaks in language, bodily gestures, pathos, contradictions in ideas and thoughts, conscience, shame, and verbal slips. Furthermore, Shakespeare‘s mimesis of inwardness is contructed through the mirroring device which is the representation of a character‘s inward dimensions and dispositions of the mind in other character‘s feelings, ideas, thoughts, gestures, behaviour and attitude. Actually, Shakespeare did not invent inwardness, but he deepened the representation of inwardness introducing innovating traits in language in the drama. This work also discusses the awkward development of the criticism on the play, presenting that the 18th and 19th century criticism read Shylock as a tragic hero, whereas 20th century criticism read Shylock as a comic villain probably influenced by anti-Semitism of the first half of the century. This research focuses on the awkward relationship between Antonio and Bassanio, as well as their relationship with Shylock. Their relation is depicted as homoerotic and Antonio‘s desire of a frivolous sacrifice for Bassanio suggests Antonio‘s inwardness. Shylock is also depicted as the primordial father of the play and such detail hints at the cause of Antonio‘s sadness in the beginning of the play. It analyses Portia‘s casket trial and demonstrates her desire of outwitting her father‘s will, as soon as she demands to play a song which suggests in its rhyme the true casket. It discusses the problems of conscience in Launcelot‘s and Jessica‘s inwardness. It also analyses the distant relationship between Jessica and Shylock, as well as her leaving her father‘s house and taking his wealth, as a way of affronting the patriarchal power. It focuses on Shylock‘s blindness towards his daughter‘s real intentions. It analyses the trial scene and how Portia forges a fraudulent trial, undoing Shylock‘s bond and taking his property. It presents a discussion on Shakespeare‘s mimesis of inwardness, based on Auerbach‘s and Dubois‘ assumptions, as well as discusses the problem of the genre of the play, suggesting that the play is not a mere comedy, but a tragicomedy.
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run, lin young, and 林永仁. "A study on the rhetorical device of Taiwanese proverbs." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49382631041207726507.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
語文教育學系碩士班
94
A Study on the Rhetorical device of Taiwanese Proverbs Abstract Taiwanese (Min Nan Language) proverbs are treasures to the nationals of Taiwan. With rich content and diverse wisdom, it has offered enlightenment and direction to the later generations as a reflection of ancestors’ wisdom. Studying Taiwanese is like emerging in the vastness of ocean and magnificence of mountains. The wisdom of Taiwanese should be passed down to our children and grandchildren like invaluable treasures. In this paper, “A Study on the Rhetorical device of Taiwanese Proverbs” generalized, compared and discussed the Taiwanese proverbs in the following five chapters. Chapter 1 describes the research motive, research objective, definitions of terms, research scope and limitations, research methodology, and expected research results. Chapter 2 is comprised of four sections, which focus on proverbs, present researches into Taiwanese proverbs, present researches into rhetorical device, and present researches into rhetorical device of proverbs, and each of the above discusses the use of Taiwanese proverbs and rhetorical device, the viewpoints of other researchers, and the definitions of proverbs. Chapter 3 discusses 11 rhetorical devices, which are she-wen (raising a question), mo-kuang (tracing the scenario), fang-ni (imitation), cang-ci (concealed word), kua-shi (hyperbole), pi-yu (metaphor), jie-dai (metonymy), chuan-hua (transformation), ying-chen (set off), shuang-guan (double meaning), shiang-cheng (symbolizing) for the “adjustment of ideographic method” based on rhetorical classification by Ching-hsuan Hwang. provides examples for each, and analyzes from the perspective of rhetorical device. Chapter 4 discusses 6 rhetorical devices, which are lei-die (reiteration), dui-ou (antithesis), hui-wen (palindrome), pai-bi (parallelism), ceng-di (climax), ding-cheng (anadiplosis) for “design of fine style”. Chapter 5 is the conclusion on the value of Taiwanese proverbs. Understanding that the Taiwanese proverbs are disappearing and under the challenge of the values of the new generation, this study suggested that the new generation could find their own interests in the Taiwanese proverbs, regardless of the past struggles between Hakka proverbs and Taiwanese proverbs. Keywords: Taiwanese proverbs, tag line, folk adage, proverb, rhetorical device, folk language
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Lechtenberg, Marcie Marie Curtis. "American civil religion as a rhetorical device in Ronald Reagan's response to tragedy." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22103.
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Liu, Chen-Chun, and 劉貞君. "A Study on the Teaching Method of Rhetorical Device Imitative Writing Practice on Seniors in the Elementary School." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68162052720997270921.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
語文教育學系碩士班
94
Summary The aim of the study is to make students familiar with each way of rhetorical device and understand the beauty of rhetoric by probing into the teaching pattern of “rhetorical device imitative writing practice” in order to elevate students’ appreciated ability. “Guiding activity” can trigger students’ learning interests; the actual practices of “subject design” and “rhetorical device imitative writing practice” can exercise students’ expression abilities, thus further inspiring student’s creativities. Moreover, the way of training students’ rhetoric can further advance students’ writing abilities in order to reach the teaching goal of boosting children’s language quality. The teaching of “rhetorical device imitative writing practice” consists of various program designs and creative teaching strategies both performed in the way of act research method and textual analysis method. This teaching is accomplished through continuous reflections, feedbacks, and revisions. Its goal is to teach students for their understandings and for their creativities. As a result, efforts are conspicuous as follows: 1. The teaching of “rhetorical device imitative writing practice” provides rhetoric teaching with viable and effective teaching subject types and patterns. 2. The teaching of “rhetorical device imitative writing practice” can elevate students’ comprehensive abilities and the beauty of appreciating rhetoric. 3. The teaching of “rhetorical device imitative writing practice” can develop students’ creativities and writing abilities. 4. To create reflection teaching strategy and it is worthy to promote. According to the results, this study provides following suggestions: 1. Suggestions for teaching: The design of teaching activity should combine with children’s psychological recognitions; the design of learning modular should consider students’ abilities and take notice of the embellishments of the design; the choice of each subject modular should mix up with programs naturally. Imitative writing practice is just a beginning, understanding is the focal point, and creation is the destination. Therefore, teachers should teach students to prevent from imitation. To enrich the combined pattern of reading and writing and to cultivate students’ self-learning abilities; any attempt to unite discussion with teaching and any feasibility of cooperated learning. 2. Suggestions for future study: Research subjects can enlarge to different graders of the students and different areas; research scopes can enlarge to the imitative writing practice of paragraphs and articles. Extended writing practice and continuous writing practice can be included in the teaching subject. Teaching materials can choose rhetorical device in the current book versions published to mix up with the teaching in Chinese classes. Research instruments can try to establish a series of diverse evaluation index in order to assess students’ creativities on rhetoric. Keywords: seniors in the elementary schools, rhetorical device, imitative writing practice, imitative writing teaching
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Tung, Chengjung, and 童正容. "The Rhetorical Devices for Persuasion and the Meaning Construction in Jing Si Yu." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79802046929936205852.
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碩士靜宜大學
英國語文學系
101
According to Tzu Chi, Jing Si Yu consists of the valuable experiences and life insights in the form of wise words from Tzu Chi’s founder, Master Cheng Yen. Already in circulation for 20 years, the books have been translated into many languages and sold overseas. It has been widespread and well-liked by readers all over the world. In Jing Si Yu, rhetorical devices are found to be used very frequently. The content with simple and easy-to-comprehend language and diverse rhetorical devices closely touched on the issues of daily living is easy to comprehend, simple to remember, vivid to attract readers’ attention, practical to use, effective to initiate cognitive poetic effect, successful to satisfy readers’ preference, helpful to memorize, which make aphorisms persuasive. Also, many researchers today agree that good comprehension is vital for persuasion to occur (Batra 2009; Hovland, Janis & Kelley 1953; Stewart & Furse 1986; Eagly, Chaiken, & Wood 1981). Thus, comprehension can be regarded as one of the essential factors in achieving the effect of persuasion. Understanding the rhetoric requires a great effort to process. Hence, how these aphorisms with rhetorical devices are processed effectively and how readers obtain the sufficient cognitive effects from these texts are significant issues. The present study aims to analyze the rhetorical devices used in Jing Si Yu and to explore the reader’s inferential processes, comprehension, and interpretation regarding poeticity and emotions based on Relevance theory (Sperber & Wilson 1986; Noveck & Sperber 2004; Forceville 2005) by looking into the series of Jing Si Yu and illustrating the excellent persuasive effects within it.
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Ju, Lin Fang, and 林芳如. "A Study on Rhetorical Devices in Textbooks for Grade 1 Students of Primary School." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01985444876054184434.
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碩士國立屏東師範學院
國民教育研究所
91
Abstract The goals of this study are: 1. to know the types of rhetorical devices appeared in Chinese textbooks for grade 1 students of primary school; 2. to know the distribution of those rhetorical devices in Chinese textbooks of different versions; 3. to know the distribution of those rhetorical devices in Book I and Book II of Chinese for grade 1 students of primary school, and 4. to draw conclusions from the study results and submit suggestions for the reference in compilation of Chinese textbooks in the future. To attain the above goals, this study adopted the content analysis method and use the textbooks published by publishers such as Jen Lin, Kuang Fu, Nan Yi, Kang Hsuan and Han Lin for grade 1 students of primary school as the subjects of this study. The “Table of Types of Rhetorical Devices” revised by the researcher was used as a study tool to make analysis on rhetorical features of Chinese textbooks for grade 1 students of primary school. The study results are as the following: 1. In Chinese textbooks for grade 1 students of primary school, there are two kinds of rhetorical methods. One is “adjustment of ideograms”, which includes 7 kinds of rhetorical devices such as metaphor, symbolism, metonymy, contrast, imitation, exclamation, and hypothesis. They appeared in the Chinese textbooks 312 times in total. And the other one is “a design of graceful style”, which presented in 6 kinds of rhetorical devices such as climax, analogy, chain effect, antithesis, inlay, and palindrome and appeared in the textbooks 408 times. The latter appeared more frequently than the former. 2. In Chinese textbooks for grade 1 students of primary school, “repeation” appeared with the highest frequency (34.44%) and “symbolism” with the lowest frequency (only 0.28%). While the use of “hyperbole”, “quotation”, and “trope” were not found in those textbooks. 3. Among the five different versions, the rhetorical devices appeared with the highest frequency were found in Han Lin’s version, while the lowest frequency were found in Kang Hsuan’s version. The most types of rhetorical devices appeared in Han Lin’s version, and the least types of rhetorical devices appeared in Nan Yi’s version. 4. The rhetorical devices appeared 505 times altogether in Book II of the Chinese textbooks for grade 1 students of primary school, which was more than double times of Book I. In the aspect of types of rhetorical devices, there were only one difference between Book I and Book II in the use of “Symbolism” which was not found in Book I. This study submits the following suggestions according to the study results: 1. Suggestions for editors of textbooks: In terms of rhetorical devices, hyperbole and metaphor can be increased. Besides, the diverse styles of writing as well as various figures of speech should also be used. For opportunity of practice, the textbooks must be able to provide immediate practices. 2. Suggestions for teachers: In attitude, teachers must attach more importance to rhetoric teaching. In professional knowledge, teachers must possess the knowledge of rhetoric and teaching ability. In teaching, they may teach their students with “rhetoric combining reading and writing”. 3. Suggestions for future studies: The other aspects of rhetoric can be used as subjects of studies. Moreover, the researchers can also carry out their studies on the teaching methods of rhetoric or the correlation between rhetoric and writing ability. As to the subjects of studies, they can be expanded to students in other grades. As far as the tool of study is concerned, the rhetorical devices used in this study can be modified for the need of study in order to make the studies more perfect. The researchers may use interviews or questionnaire method to understand a teacher’s teaching, or just walk into the classroom to carry out their experimental studies. Keywords: Grade 1 students of primary school, Chinese textbooks, rhetorical devices
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Yueh, Tung, and 岳彤. "Rhetoric devices in print advertising: Analyzing persuasion through consumer response." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71945361302319117169.
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碩士元智大學
應用外語學系
101
In this fast moving society, products are being renewed every day and their advertisements compete to be creative and attractive. Under these circumstances, ever more studies analyze the verbal and visual rhetoric in the advertisements and their usage. However, little attention has been paid to examine both verbal and visual rhetoric for their persuasion through consumer response. The materials were ninety three advertisements from Time magazine 2011-2012 and three hundred seventy one advertisements from Vogue magazine 2011-2012. Two frameworks of analyzing rhetorical devices were used. The first taxonomy for verbal rhetoric is based on McQuarrie and Mick (1996) for its rhetoric structure and usage. The second framework was adopted to analyze visual rhetoric and its meaning delivered through advertisements by Phillips and McQuarrie (2004). The results of the verbal and visual rhetoric analysis would be verified and proofed through consumer response. The most commonly used verbal rhetorical figure for print advertisements in both magazines is resonance and the most commonly used visual rhetorical figure in both magazine is juxtaposition-similarity. Fusion-connection and juxtaposition-reflection also showed to be the widely used visual rhetorical figures in Time magazine. Rhyme is the least used verbal rhetorical in Time, and rhetorical question is the verbal rhetorical figure least used in Vogue. On the other hand, the visual rhetorical figures least used in Time are replacement-connection, and fusion-similarity. The least commonly used visual rhetorical figure in Vogue is juxtaposition-reflection. After the magazine ads been categorized, the consumer response was conducted through the online questionnaire with the magazine ads copies to test the persuasion of each rhetorical device. The result showed that the most commonly used rhetorical devices were mostly favored by the consumers. Even though there were still negative responses toward the most commonly used rhetorical devices, the comments were disagreeing on the layout design of the ads, such as small word titles or poor layout arrangements. On the other hand, the least used rhetorical devices in the ads were mainly disagreed by the consumers. However, some consumers claimed that rhetorical figure such as “rhyme” would be persuasive since it was simple, common, and comprehensible. The purpose of this study is to investigate the persuasiveness of the rhetorical devices in print ads from an academic perspective through consumer response. The academic result of both research studies and consumer responses could offer guidelines or ideas for advertisers with high credibility from the consumers’ perspective to their greatest marketing benefit.
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林婉茜. "A Study on Rhetorical Devices of Children-Song in Arts and Humanities Textbooks of Primary School." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87711823404733354399.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立教育大學
中國語文學系碩士班
96
The main purpose of this study is to explore the application of rhetorical devices appeared in children-song in Art and Humanities textbooks of primary school. This study use the Art and Humanities textbooks published by publishers such as Kang Hsuan, Nan Yi, and Han Lin of primary school as the subjects . The goals of this study are： 1.To know the application and types of rhetorical devices appeared in children-song in Art and Humanities textbooks of primary school by using the study tool of sixteen rhetorical devices addressed by Zhang chun-rong. 2. To design course of rhetoric and teaching way which incorporate the children-songs into rhetoric teaching according to the study results . 3. To draw conclusions from the study results and submit suggestions as the reference for the teacher and the researcher in the future. The study results are as the following: 1. Among Kang Hsuan, Nan Yi, and Han Lin three different versions, the rhetorical devices appeared with the highest frequency are analogy, metonymy and antithesis. 2. Among Kang Hsuan, Nan Yi, and Han Lin three different versions, the rhetorical devices appeared with the lowest frequency are circumbendibus, pun, irony and palindrome. 3. Among Kang Hsuan, Nan Yi, and Han Lin three different versions, the rhetorical devices appeared with the highest frequency were found in Kang Hsuan’s version, while the lowest frequency were found in Han Lin’s version. The most types of rhetorical devices appeared in Kang Hsuan and Nan Yi’s version, and the least types of rhetorical devices appeared in Han Lin’s version. 4. In Kang Hsuan’s version, the use of metaphor, contrast and synecdoche are more frequently than in the other two visions. 5. In Nan Yi’s version, the use of pun are more frequently than in the other two visions. 6. In Han Lin’s version, the use of chain effect and irony are more frequently than in the other two visions. This study submits the following suggestions according to the study results: 1. Suggestions for teachers：when teaching rhetoric, teachers can arrange appropriate example-citing of frequent adopted rhetoric from the children-songs. And also can take the way of team teaching to teach rhetoric. 2. Suggestions for researcher in the future：As to the subjects of studies, they can be expanded to the Children's Literature which is attractive to students. Researcher also can take action research to incorporate the study results into rhetoric teaching.
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CHAN, SU-YI, and 詹素宜. "The Application of Rhetoric Devices to Writing Teachingfor Elementary School Higher Grades Students." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91818183440924771573.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
語文與創作學系語文教學碩士班
105
Abstract This study investigates the impact of rhetorical skills on the performance of 5th and 6th grade students in elementary school. We use six different kinds of rhetorics: the metaphor metaphorical transformation, class stack, parallelism, against the background, references, to designed six teaching activities. Through question design, from imitation to creation, we trainstudents’ wordings and teach them the art of Chinese. Research Purposes: First, enhance students’ understanding and abilities to apply the rhetorical skills. Second, enhance students' writing ability. Third, stimulate students' creative thinking ability. Fourth, enhance the professional competence of teachers in rhetoric teaching. In this study, we adopt the circulation of “education action research mothod” (planning, action, observation, reflection). Through qualitative and quantitative analysis on the contents, the study shows the course of teaching, work analysis, teaching reflection and assessment of the students before and after, in order to test students' ability to apply rhetorical skills. Here are four main conclusions: First, implement rhetoric teaching, lead students to utilize the knowledge and make these becom their writing strengths. Second, put rhetorical skills into writing, and there is indeed a positive benefit to enhance students' writing ability. Third, by imitation of rhetorical practices, we foster the students’ creative thinking ability. Fourth, this study can be used as a teaching reference for teachers to design more effective curriculums. We suggest future teaching combine teachers’ own professions. The researcher collects examples, designsmultivariate questions, and puts more interesting curriculums; there are more expansion practices in writing to let rhetorical teaching develop students' thinking, use more creative thinking, and enhance teachers' professional skills. Keywords:Rhetorical skills, Higher grades students, Writing teaching
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Tsai, Han-Tsen, and 蔡函岑. "Chinese Translation of Rhetorical Devices in the Subtitling of TV Series: A Case Study of Sex and the City." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65209318782776621901.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
翻譯學研究所
97
The thesis explores the rich array of literary and rhetorical elements in the dialogues of American comedy series Sex and the City, and the strategies of rendering them into Mandarin subtitles. The dialogues tastefully combine popular culture with rhetorical devices, adding depth to this seemingly superficial drama. Drama series is a type of audiovisual text; its topic is intended for the enjoyment of the general public. However, Sex and the City is also loaded with rhetorical elements, which is often associated with high brows. If audience in Taiwan is to understand and appreciate the aesthetic value of this drama, barriers that are intrinsic to subtitle translations have to be conquered. The study intends to investigate translation strategies that can be adopted to make the rhetorical styles in the original dialogues accessible to Taiwanese audience, and successfully convey the humor or innuendo. The rhetorical elements fall into four main categories: Neologism, Allusion, cultural terms, and other rhetorical devices. The study explores the limits of translatability, the illocutionary power of literary translation, and the concept of translation as a communicative means. The characteristics and constraints of subtitling are also considered in the analysis. The objective is to see whether the Mandarin subtitles achieve the intended communicative effect. The result of the study shows that there are varying levels of untranslatability in each category. Thus, translators are advised to adopt various translation strategies flexibility, make explicit the implications of linguistic devices, and domesticate unfamiliar allusion or usage as they see fit. Whenever possible, the rhetorical effects of the drama should be preserved, so that mandarin audience is able to appreciate the richness of the English language.
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Wei, Yin-Chun, and 魏吟君. "The Application of Rhetoric Devices to Writing Teaching for Elementary School Third-Grade Students." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33560810424194777140.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
語文與創作學系語文教學碩士班
104
For pupil, composition is the most difficult work. Students always write it insipidly, narrate the thing unimaginatively. In long terms, students can’t find the way to make the composition ability perfect. Rhetoric is the most difficult curriculum for all teachers. They always rack their brains to arouse schoolchild’s ideas and innovations. They hope schoolchildren would be not afraid of rhetoric and be able to use the word and phrase flexibly to express what they think of fluently. But things go athwart, students’ poor ability of expression always damps the teachers’ ardour. It makes the situation become a vicious circle. Followed by prior studies, this study focus on pupils in grade three and uses rhetorical device designs that guide the students how to use metaphor, entity metaphor, reiterative, parallelism, citation-five skills to cultivate the ability of compilation. This study adopts the life cycle of plan, action, observation, introspection in action education research, and uses the content analysis plus content analysis of content analysis to show the results of teaching process, practice, curriculum review and check the students’ ability of composition. The main conclusions in this study: 1. Let students to understand the aesthetic concept in Chinese Character through didactical practice. 2. Help students to find the sense of achievement through systematic curriculum. 3. Let students will be able to get the ability of admiration andpastiche while using Chinese Character. Finally, according to the results in this study, there are some suggestions raised could be the reference of future studies. curricular design, didactical practice, teacher specialty.
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Hsieh, Chia-en, and 謝佳恩. "A Study of Translation of Rhetorical Devices in The New York Times as Found in United Daily News Bilingual Weekly." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95074328809034282585.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
應用英語系口筆譯碩士班
102
Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore how rhetorical devices (RD) are presented in the translation of English-Chinese bilingual news. This study uses 147 pieces of The New York Times (NYT) articles in the year 2010 from the bilingual section of the United Daily News (UDN) online version as the focus of research mainly for the following reasons. First, as a leading American newspaper, the NYT has 160 year of long-standing history of reliability and authority. It has also been recognized as a crucial center for global media’s attention because it provides an authoritative news platform for all kinds of media. As far as the journalistic writing skills are concerned, the researcher finds the NYT journalists tend to apply sophisticated, rich rhetorical devices to make their articles vivid, colorful and intriguing. The rhetorical devices found in the NYT are worth studying because good use of them can vivify stories, provide articles with images, clarify abstract concepts, and simplify difficult language, thus making them more interesting and comprehendible. Under the journalistic writing principle, they can help journalists faithfully convey the news while dramatizing articles and bringing readers closer to the subject of the news or even influence readers’ opinions. All these can effectively help increase the overall readership of newspaper. Second, starting from the year 2001, Taiwan has been promoting a new way of learning English based on the British and American model newspapers. With the UDN’s strong promotion, the NYT has turned into the most frequently quoted news source among Taiwanese media. At the same time, it also becomes an important English learning material used by the majority of English learners and the professionals who want to expand their knowledge, explore current events in depth, and understand the world trends. Therefore, the translation quality of the bilingual section of the UDN has become increasingly important for the target readers, not only for gaining the authoritative, profound information but also for the rich corpus. The bilingual section’s journalistic jargons, trendy terms, culture-specific terms and rhetorical devices, which are all key sources to improve English ability and understand American culture and society. In this study, aside from the introduction of definition of the rhetorical devices, the researcher applies two kinds of theories—the German linguist Hans Vermeer’s Skopos theory and American translation theorist’s Lawrence Venuti’s domestication and foreignization—to analyze and compare the quality of original and revised translations. As for the Skopos, this study adopts three criteria to examine the translation quality to see if it reaches the following functions. The first function is whether the translation faithfully presents the original meaning and reaches the basic principle of journalistic translation. The second is to study whether the translation renders the correct meaning from the original source text and makes an easy access for bilingual learners. Lastly, one must judge whether the translation equivalently presents the original rhetorical effect in the TT. Following the above three guidelines, the essence of the article can be absorbed by the target readers. In terms of the translation approaches of domestication and foreignization, in order to achieve the effect of domestication, this study uses the methods of adaptation, such as expansion, cultural adequacy, and so on, to show the cultural background in the ST, to help target readers to cross the cultural barrier, and to retain the original meaning or the cultural implication of RD in the TT. With regard to the approach of foreignization, the discussion is focused on formalistic rhetorical devices found in ST, such as antithesis, parallelism, repetition, and so on. The researcher also employs the methods of adaptation to preserve the original format of RD in the ST so that the TT can faithfully present the aesthetics of rhetorical form.
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MĚŠŤANOVÁ, Květa. "Obrazné prostředky v barokních kázáních." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174511.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of this dissertation is the stylistic application of Figurative Language Device in Baroque Homilie. As a material information source serves sermons focused on e.g. praise of St. John of Nepomuk. The dissertation drala with a concept of every single preacher writing in the last period of the Czech Baroque. The sermons date back to years 17271734. The opening part sum sup the basic features of historical the same as stylistic Baroque with specialization in Homilie. Furthermore, the work follows up the Figurative Language Devices in every Homilie. The goal of this work is to provide a charakteristic of Figurative Language Devices (e.g. simile, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, periphrasis, personification, oxymoron, allegory, symbol, allusion etc.). This dissertation aims to prove their importance and function in the Baroque Homilie in order to extend one's knowledge about Rhetorical Art of the Baroque Preachers.
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Mamahit, Ferry Yefta. "Establish justice in the land : rhetoric and theology of social justice in the book of Amos." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26867.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to construct a biblical theology of social justice drawn specifically from the book of Amos. This is done on the basis of rhetorical analysis. The use of rhetorical analysis is considered to correspond with the genre of the selected texts analyzed (Am 2:6-8; 5:1-17; and 8:4-6), which are mostly rhetorical and relates to the issue of social justice in nature. The rhetorical criticism used in this research combines both diachronic and synchronic approaches, and consists of several steps such as dividing the rhetorical units, finding rhetorical situations, drawing rhetorical inventions, describing rhetorical dispositions and identifying rhetorical techniques. The analysis shows that the prophet Amos used a wide variety of literary devices to persuade his audience, the people of Israel, such as chiasm, rhetorical entrapment, oracle against the nations (OAN), N + 1 formula, inclusion and progression, woe oracle, dirge or lament, wordplay, hymn, wisdom techniques, imagery, sevenfold structure, cause-effect form of speech and “quoting what the accused have said.” These primary devices are utilized in the context or in the imagery of a courtroom. In this connection, Amos used the epideictic, judicial and deliberative rhetoric in order to bring his audience to the “divine court” for the religious and social sins that they have committed. These rhetorical devices function as a means of exposing a theological intention of the utterances of Amos, which is establishing justice in the land of Israel. The message of social justice is mainly based on the covenantal relationship between YHWH and his people, as seen in traditions of creation and redemption in the Old Testament, particularly in the Torah (the codes of law) and the former prophetic writings. The covenant calls for God’s people to love YHWH and to act socially just toward other fellow human beings. As a concept, this research proposes a triangular relational model. YHWH, as the theological angle must be independent, and his people, either the powerful (the political angle) or the powerless (the social angle), are dependent on him. Meanwhile, the powerful and the powerless are interdependent with each other. Keeping a balanced relationship among the angles means manifesting the ideal state of social justice in the land. This research shows that the covenant was broken by the Israelites when the powerful disobeyed YHWH and did social injustices toward other human beings. The powerful became independent both toward YHWH and the powerless. As a result, YHWH took responsibility and action to keep his covenant, and called his rebellious people back into repentance and obedience. In other words, justice must be maintained in the land of Israel. Such a divine decision was carried out in the context of the day of Lord (DOL), a day of either judgment or salvation. The option of death and life are offered to be chosen by the powerful. However, God’s people deliberately choose death, and, consequently, their end is near. YHWH himself definitely will defeat and exile them by using the mighty army of Assyria.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Old Testament Studies
unrestricted
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Snodderly, Mary Elizabeth Chilcote. "A socio-rhetorical investigation of the Johannine understanding of "the works of the devil " in 1 John 3:8." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2843.
Full textAbstract:
Using the methodological approach of Socio-rhetorical Analysis, this study focuses on understanding the phrase in 1 John 3:8, “the works of the devil,” from the
standpoint of the original audience. A comprehensive investigation of this phrase
contributes toward theological discourse about the Johannine understanding of the
devil/evil and cosmic conflict. By juxtaposing the results of a number of temporarily
bounded studies, the meaning of the phrase, “the works of the devil,” is seen in its
historical, cultural, and literary context.
The literary context of the phrase under investigation involves two pericopes
at the center of 1 John: 3:4-10, and 3:11-18, where the author’s cosmic eschatological
theology is presented in a chiastic climax. Inner texture analysis of these pericopes
reveals complex rhetorical transitions that focus attention on the destruction of the
works of the devil. Repetitive-progressive texture charts and discourse analysis of
these pericopes uncover the key terms and relationships of these terms, contributing
toward an understanding of the meaning of the phrase, “the works of the devil.”
Scribal inter-texture analysis compares the use of these terms in other biblical
and extra-biblical literature, including an original analysis of 1QS 4:15-25. In short,
the works of the devil, according to 1 John and the Gospel of John, supplemented by
historical evidence of ancient culture and writings, would have been seen by early
Johannine believers as equated with that which leads to death. Examples show that
this could be physical death, as in the example of Cain, or of disease, or spiritual
death, as in the example of idols which represent unbelief, evil work, false approaches
to God, and disobedience to God’s commands.
While the devil’s works can be summarized as bringing death—both physical
(disease and deformity, social chaos, mental chaos) and spiritual (unbelief, hatred),the Son of God appeared to give life (1 John 4:9). The appearing of the Son of God is
seen to result in works and characteristics that are the opposite of those associated
with the sin of the devil, thus nullifying or destroying them.Christian Spirituality Church History and Missiology
D. Litt et Phil. (Biblical Studies)
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Seaba, Natalie. "Public participation: rhetoric or reality? An analysis of planning and management in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/310.
Full textAbstract:
Biosphere reserves have evolved out of a responsibility to resolve conflict by reconciling the needs of humans with the need to maintain ecological integrity and biodiversity. Participatory approaches to planning and management are seen as key to linking conservation and sustainable development. The purpose of this research was to investigate participation in planning and management activities in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (NDBR) located in Uttaranchal, India. Eco-development and microplanning have emerged in India as two government-initiated mechanisms allowing greater opportunity for other sectors to have a role in conservation-related planning and management activities.
Although there has been progress in the application of participatory processes, the two case studies in this research illustrate the need to bolster civic and private sector participation in planning and management of the NDBR. One important and positive outcome of the participatory processes that were applied was that relationships had improved between the sectors.February 2007
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Khan, Khatija Bibi. "Post 9/11 constructions of Muslim identities in American black popular music." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3606.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to critically explore the constructions of Muslim identities in selected Black African American popular music composed before and after the 11th of September 2001. This study is interdisciplinary because it used popular culture theories developed by Hall, Strinati, Storey and Gilroy’s concept of the Black Atlantic. Postcolonial literary theories of Bhabha, Spivak and Fanon were also used. The study demonstrated that the content and style of the lyrics by Public Enemy, Talib Kweli, Paris, Lupe Fiasco, Kanye West, Scarface, Miss Eliot, Missundastood, Erykah Badu and KRS-One have been influenced by Islam’s religious versions of the Nation of Islam, Five Percenters or Nation of Gods and Earths and Sunny Islam. Individual singers also manipulated the spiritual symbols and cultural resources made available to them in the Islam religion. Black African American singers more or less share common historical experiences, but they constructed and depicted Muslim identities differently because of their class, generational and gender backgrounds. Chapter one introduced the area of study, justified it and adopted an eclectic theoretical approach in order to account for the diverse constructions of Muslim identities in the songs composed by black African American hip hop singers. Chapter two provided an extended review of literature for the study. Chapter three explored the influence of the Nation of Islam on the singers and its creative manipulation by the black singers. Chapter four explored religious hybridity because the lyrics draw from Islam and Christian eschatological values. Chapter five used lyrics by three black female singers and revealed how they reconfigured differently, Black Muslim identities in a musical industry predominantly patronised by male singers. Chapter six explored the use of language in signifying different meanings of Muslim-ness in order to arrive at different definitions of pan Black Islamic musical consciousness. Chapter seven concluded the study by summarising the central argument of the study which was that black African American singers have referenced cultural symbols from Islam and in the process manipulated Islam’s religious metaphors to suggest different and alternative models for the black communities in the United States of America.English Studies
D. Litt. et Phil.
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Khan, Khatija Bibi. "Post 9/11 constructions of Muslims identities in the American black popular music." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3606.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to critically explore the constructions of Muslim identities in selected Black African American popular music composed before and after the 11th of September 2001. This study is interdisciplinary because it used popular culture theories developed by Hall, Strinati, Storey and Gilroy’s concept of the Black Atlantic. Postcolonial literary theories of Bhabha, Spivak and Fanon were also used. The study demonstrated that the content and style of the lyrics by Public Enemy, Talib Kweli, Paris, Lupe Fiasco, Kanye West, Scarface, Miss Eliot, Missundastood, Erykah Badu and KRS-One have been influenced by Islam’s religious versions of the Nation of Islam, Five Percenters or Nation of Gods and Earths and Sunny Islam. Individual singers also manipulated the spiritual symbols and cultural resources made available to them in the Islam religion. Black African American singers more or less share common historical experiences, but they constructed and depicted Muslim identities differently because of their class, generational and gender backgrounds. Chapter one introduced the area of study, justified it and adopted an eclectic theoretical approach in order to account for the diverse constructions of Muslim identities in the songs composed by black African American hip hop singers. Chapter two provided an extended review of literature for the study. Chapter three explored the influence of the Nation of Islam on the singers and its creative manipulation by the black singers. Chapter four explored religious hybridity because the lyrics draw from Islam and Christian eschatological values. Chapter five used lyrics by three black female singers and revealed how they reconfigured differently, Black Muslim identities in a musical industry predominantly patronised by male singers. Chapter six explored the use of language in signifying different meanings of Muslim-ness in order to arrive at different definitions of pan Black Islamic musical consciousness. Chapter seven concluded the study by summarising the central argument of the study which was that black African American singers have referenced cultural symbols from Islam and in the process manipulated Islam’s religious metaphors to suggest different and alternative models for the black communities in the United States of America.English Studies
D. Litt. et Phil.