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Journal articles on the topic 'Rhetorical Humor'
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Rochmawati, Dyah. "PRAGMATIC AND RHETORICAL STRATEGIES IN THE ENGLISH-WRITTEN JOKES." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v7i1.6868.
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Understanding verbal jokes in English is problematic for English as Foreign Language (EFL) readers since understanding the jokes requires understanding their linguistic, cultural and social elements. Since a joke constitutes a complex and paradoxical phenomenon, it needs multiple approaches of analyses—such as pragmatic and rhetorical analyses—in order to investigate the multiple layers of meanings it carries. Recently there has been a shift in humor studies, emphasizing linguistic humors and involving the field of rhetoric. These studies, however, have mostly addressed the connection between rhetoric and spoken jokes in persuasion. The present study therefore applied Austin’s Speech Act Theory (1975) and Grice’s Cooperative Principles (1957), and Berger’s rhetorical techniques (1993) to crack the funniness of the written jokes. Specifically, the study aims at describing: how the (1) rhetorical and (2) pragmatic strategies are used in the jokes, and (3) how the pragmatic and rhetorical strategies complement to create humor. The study employed a qualitative research method. Some jokes were purposively selected from the Reader’s Digest and two online sources: http://jokes.cc.com/, and http://www.ajokeaday.com/. Document studies were the means of data collection. The collected data were then analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. The results showed that that there was a relationship between the two pragmatic theories, i.e., Speech Act Theory and Cooperative Principles, and Berger’s rhetorical techniques. The results offered an alternative reading and richer understanding of how written jokes employed pragmatic and rhetorical strategies to advance their rhetorical objectives and humor functions.
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Bednarz, Teresa. "Status Disputes and Disparate Dicta." Biblical Interpretation 21, no. 3 (2013): 377–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685152-1086a0006.
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This paper explores the Demetrian-like humor rhetoric in the barbed commentary and the disparate dicta found in Luke 16:14-18. In an effort to understand the rhetorical thrust of these peculiarly placed dicta, especially the puzzling inclusion of the divorce dictum, it is important to situate the dicta within their broader Luke-Acts rhetorical context and within the concentric composition of Luke 16:1-31. Essential to the Lukan context is Jesus’ dual status, in particular his status as prophet and divine messianic king. Through the lens of humor rhetoric, we will explore how Luke uses a collection of disparate dicta in order to produce prophetic barbs and Demetrian-like punches.
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Hansen, Jette Barnholdt, Christine Isager, and Rasmus Rønlev. "Velkomst og afstandtagen." Rhetorica Scandinavica, no. 76 (2018): 22–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52610/ilwd8519.
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This paper looks to humour and performance while studying how ethos is negotiated and distributed in relation to audiences when rhetors are introduced and accept the word. One older and two more recent examples are examined. First, bishop Lovis Henry Ford introducing president Bill Clinton in Memphis Church of Christ in November 1993, enabling a remarkable performance in terms of subject re-positioning on Clinton’s part; next, two managers at the Danish radio station Radio24syv acting as incompetent hosts and foils to high-profile employees in an award-winning ad campaign; and finally comedian Ricky Gervais hosting the Golden Globe award show, demonstratively excluding rather than welcoming each of the next speakers on stage. Together, the case studies highlight the strong potential of introductions as occasions for rhetorical maneuvering (Phillips, 2006). What may seem like a trivial ritual, has the power to destabilize rhetorical situations, offering space for dissent and negotiation of values within communities. Keywords introductions, epideictic rhetoric, ethos, rhetorical maneuvers, humor, performance.
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WICKER, FRANK W. "A Rhetorical Look at Humor as Creativity*." Journal of Creative Behavior 19, no. 3 (September 1985): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.1985.tb00656.x.
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Rodríguez Santos, José María. "El posicionamiento del “ethos” como estrategia retórica en la comedia de “stand-up” de Valladolid." Signa: Revista de la Asociación Española de Semiótica 28 (June 28, 2019): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/signa.vol28.2019.25119.
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El presente trabajo pretende mostrar un análisis del género de la comedia de stand-up desde una perspectiva retórica. Se propone un análisis de actos y rutinas de artistas vallisoletanos de stand-up con el objetivo de explicar la influencia que tiene el posicionamiento del ethos del comediante respecto a la audiencia y respecto al asunto con el que se pretende el humor. Se trata, por tanto, de una estrategia retórica con una evidente influencia cultural, por lo que es posible abordarla desde los principios de la Retórica cultural propuestos por Tomás Albaladejo.This study aims to show an analysis of the stand-up comedy genre from a rhetorical perspective. A review of the actions and habits of some stand-up artists from Valladolid is proposed in order to explain the influence of the position of the comedian ethos has with regard to the audience, and to the matter which is the subject of the humour. Therefore, this is a rhetorical strategy which has an evident cultural influence that could be addressed from the principles of the cultural rhetoric suggested by Tomás Albaladejo.
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Halstrøm, Per Liljenberg, and Christine Isager. "En medrivende form for knibeøvelser: Når retoriske homologier driver en designproces." Rhetorica Scandinavica, no. 83 (May 21, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52610/zdac9065.
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Homological analysis has played a part in rhetorical criticism to uncover unexpected common forms that connect otherwise disparate groups and contexts. This article investigates how to use homologies as discursive prototypes when designing compelling forms and developing design solutions to complex problems in a rhetorical vein. Two different cases are presented for illustration that share a focus on Kegel exercises. One is an activist campaign, a fictitious party established during the Danish national election in 2019 to counter the far-right party Stram Kurs (Hard Line) by way of humor and coordinated Kegel exercises; the other a current co-creation process in which designers and groups of new mothers explore rhetorical homologies that might motivate Kegel exercises in relation to pregnancy. These two form-oriented design processes are analyzed to discover how rhetorical homological thinking might support the creative development as well as the critical evaluation of compelling forms before they are circulated to propose surprising solutions to large and small problems in society. Keywords populism, Ernesto Laclau, antagonism, empty signifier, chains of equivalence, affect, political rhetoric
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Simon, Elliott M. "Thomas More’s Humor in his Religious Polemics." Moreana 53 (Number 203-, no. 1-2 (June 2016): 7–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2016.53.1-2.3.
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Thomas More’s humor was influenced by his studies of Greek Old and New Comedy and Lucian’s Dialogues. He was fascinated by the multiple ways human follies could be exposed to provoke laughter. Although aware of the “anti-laughter” tradition of the Early Church Fathers, he asserted that the intellectual, moral, and spiritual superiority of “the man who laughed” justified using humor to provoke “critical laughter” as an effective rhetorical strategy to ridicule the comic incongruities and corruption of “the inferior man who was laughed at.” In his religious polemics: Responsio ad Lutherum, Supplication of Souls, Dialogue Concerning Heresies, and Confutation of Tyndale’s Answer, More enjoyed using invectives, lampoons, and scholastic parody to denigrate Lutherans and their heretical doctrines. He considered laughter an appropriate response to heresy, and his vituperative humor provided a rhetorical punishment of derision as an alternative to the horrifying physical punishment of execution proscribed for heretics. More’s humor was intended to discourage his readers from accepting Lutheran doctrines, but it also invited them to share his joyful superior affirmation of faith in the tenets of the Catholic Church that will lead them to “the eternal merriment of heaven.”
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Karlin, Louis W., and David R. Oakley. "The Role of Humor in Reforming the Imagination in St. Thomas More’s The Sadness of Christ and A Dialogue of Comfort." Moreana 52 (Number 199-, no. 1-2 (June 2015): 155–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2015.52.1-2.12.
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This essay analyzes More’s use of humor in The Sadness of Christ and A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation, and finds that rhetorical devices such as satire, parody and the telling of merry tales play an integral role in engaging the reader’s imagination. In these two late works, dealing with the most serious of subjects, the humanist More embraces the rhetorical tradition of Antiquity which assigned a creative function to the imagination and recognized mockery, irony and humor as means of rational persuasion. The essay finds that More provokes laughter for three interrelated aims—to correct and inform the understanding, to strengthen communal bonds, and ultimately to express the joyful hope of the beatific vision.
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Shmakov, Artem. "The rhetorical ideal of generation Z (based on a sociolinguistic experiment)." Philology & Human, no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/filichel(2021)3-06.
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This article at the intersection of rhetoric, communication science, psychology and sociology, examines the ideas about the rhetorical ideal of representatives of the so-called “generation Z” - young people born before 1995. For this purpose, the article describes the results of a sociolinguistic experiment conducted among students of the Altai branch of the RANEPA, within the framework of which the best, in the opinion of the respondents, orators of our time were identified and their qualities were described. Analyzing the data obtained, the author comes to the conclusion that the rhetorical ideal for representatives of generation Z is generally similar to Aristotelian and includes such qualities as openness, honesty, truthfulness, sincerity, professionalism, original presentation style, intellectuality, logical thinking and speech, creativity, sense of humor. Also important are a high level of proficiency in speech technologies, easy dispute, mastery of argumentation techniques, simplicity and intelligibility of speech; constant contact with the audience.
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Isaksen, Judy L. "The Power of Obama's Racio-rhetorical Humor: Rethinking Black Masculinities." Howard Journal of Communications 28, no. 1 (November 2016): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646175.2016.1235517.
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Rahman, Regi Raisa, Atjep Muhlis, and Acep Aripudin. "Retorika Dakwah Ustadz Evie Effendi di Video Youtube." Tabligh: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam 4, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/tabligh.v4i1.803.
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ABSTRAK
Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi media sosial membuat kepopuleran mudah didapat. Evie Effendi merupakan salah satu da’i populer di media sosial Youtube dilihat dari banyaknya jamaah, kalangan muda khususnya. Ia da’i nyentrik dan mempunyai ciri khas dalam dakwahnya yaitu mengenakan pakaian modis kaum muda serta selalu menambahkan humor dalam ceramahnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui, menganalisis dan mengkontruksi proses penyusunan retorika dalam dakwah Evie Effendi di video Youtube. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa teori seperti, teori retorika yang diungkapkan oleh Aristoteles tentang seni untuk mempengaruhi orang lain (the art of persusasion) menggunakan prinsip ethos, pathos dan logos. Teori retorika Jalaludin Rakhmat tentang imbauan persuasi dalam berpidato. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data yang diperoleh melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan sampling. Data-data dianalisis dan dideskripsikan sesuai dengan teori-teori terkait. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa retorika yang diterapkan oleh Evie Effendi meliputi ethos, pathos, dan logos, serta lima imbauan persuasi. Gaya bahasa yang digunakan Evie Effendi dalam dakwahnya meliputi, ta’lim dan tarbiyah (pengajaran dan pendidikan), tazkir dan tanbih (pengingat dan penyegaran kembali), targhib dan tabsyir (penggemaran amal sholeh dan penampilan berita pahala), tarhib dan inzar (menakut-nakuti dan menyampaikan berita siksa), qashash dan riwayat (penampilan kisah atau cerita masa lalu), serta amar dan nahi (perintah dan larangan). Kemudian, humor yang digunakan adalah humor exaggeration, parodi, burlesque, dan belokan mendadak.
Kata kunci : Retorika; Evie Effendi; Dakwah; Youtube
ABSTRACT
The rapid development of social media technology has made it easy to get popularity. Evie Effendi is one of the popular da'i on Youtube social media seen from the many worshipers, especially young people. He was quirky and had a characteristic in his preaching which was wearing fashionable clothes for young people and always adding humor in his lectures. The purpose of this study is to find out, analyze and construct the process of preparing rhetoric in the preaching of Evie Effendi on Youtube videos. This study uses several theories such as the rhetorical theory expressed by Aristotle about art to influence others (the art of persuasion) using the principles of ethos, pathos, and logos. The rhetorical theory of Jalaluddin Rakhmat about the appeal of persuasion in speeches. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data obtained through observation, documentation, and sampling. The data are analyzed and described in accordance with related theories. The results of the study prove that the rhetoric applied by Evie Effendi includes ethos, pathos, and logos, and five persuasion calls. The language style used by Evie Effendi in her preaching included, ta'lim and tarbiyah (teaching and education), tazkir and tanbih (reminders and refreshes), targhib and tabsyir (good charity and news reward appearance), tarhib and inzar (scare and news torture display), qashash and history (Appearance of stories or stories of the past), and amar and nahi (orders and prohibitions). Then, the humor used is humor exaggeration, parody, burlesque, and sudden turns.
Keywords: Rhetoric; Evie Effendi; Da'wah; Youtube
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Rullyanti, Merry, and Nurdianto Nurdianto. "LANGUAGE STYLE OF HUMOR ON STAND-UP COMEDY VIDEO." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics & Literature) 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v4i1.6886.
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This research explained about language styles which used in stand-up comedy script brought by Chris Rock. Chris Rock owns famous joke material that is affected by the black comedy pioneers like Richard Pryor and Redd. He attacked the subject of much avoided by comics such as politics, race and celebrity. Openness and honesty witch extremely bold that what makes Chris Rock as one of the most successful and a famous comic in modern comedy. Chris Rock is known for his insulting comedian, he is also known for using satire and surreal in his joke. Language style has several functions in its uses. Stand up comedy brought by Chris Rock is usually shows about the different in human right between black and white skin.Based on the description above, the researcher decided to research language style in stand-up comedy brought by Chris Rock. In this research the researcher uses Keraf (2007) to analyze the language styles. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. This research source of data is stand-up comedy script with tittle “kill the messenger” brought by Chris Rock. Based on research, there are 2 language styles used in “kill the messenger”, there are 10 rhetorical language styles and 17 figurative language styles. Based on the data, hyperbole rhetorical language style is dominantly used in “kill the messenger”. And Epithet figurative language is dominantly used too.The reason is because Chris Rock is still try to persuade the white skin American to be humble to black skin American and must respect to each other. Keywords: Language Styles, Humor, Stand-Up Comedy
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Amherdt, David. "Le Protrepticus ad nepotem d’Ausone: rhétorique et humour, ou Ausone est-il sérieux?" Mnemosyne 63, no. 1 (2010): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002670710x12603307970559.
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AbstractThis article deals with the rhetorical and literary wealth of Ausonius’ Protrepticus ad nepotem, and particularly with the poet’s irony and humor. Irony is an indispensable key to the correct interpretation of a text that was often misunderstood and whose actual addressee is the Gallo-Roman aristocracy. The aim of this exhortation is promoting a culture and a political vision in which classics play an essential role. Ausonius brings into play all his literary abilities to make his poem into a poetical celebration. The rhetorician of Bordeaux conveys a very serious message in a funny and charming way, in perfect consonance with the culture and the expectations of his readers: this is the power of persuasion of late Antiquity literature.
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Dunning, Eric. "#BBQBecky & #PermitPatty: African-American Humor & Resistive Discourse on Twitter." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 4, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): p33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v4n2p33.
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Humor has always been a social tool by which to navigate the slings and arrows of human existence. This has been exceptionally true for historically marginalized groups, such as African-Americans. Throughout U.S. history, “Black humor” has served to challenge authority, resist domination, lampoon the powerful and assuage injustices. It has served and both balm and weapon for a cultural group that has often found itself on the outside looking in, while being punished for being in that position. However, even within marginalized groups, canonical examples of cultural humor have been largely produced by a small segment of the population (i.e.,comedians, writers, poets, musicians). Social media, Twitter especially, has removed the barriers of production and gatekeeping of humor. Therefore, by examining responses to a cultural moment by “non-elite” African-Americans on Twitter, as the this paper does, helps to elucidate some evident trends, narratives, rhetorical strategies and tropes that may possibly be considered universal hallmarks of “Black Humor” as resistive discourse. Furthermore, these hallmarks can perhaps be understood to be the preeminent forms by which African-Americans create community, resist oppression and challenge hegemonic norms.
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Hou, Guojin, and Mei Feng. "Parody and Garden Path." Chinese Semiotic Studies 16, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2020-0003.
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AbstractThis is a study of Chinese rhetorical constructions, parody and garden path (GP), from the perspective of lexico-constructional pragmatics (LCP). LCP adopts a holographic view of lexicon and construction so that they can be analyzed alike. We take parody and GP examples from Chinese advertisements for analysis. The LCP analysis highlights the pragmaticity and rhetoricality of each case: for a particular effect. When difficulty arises, pragmatic means may be used to “pragma-coerce” the right, clever, or erroneous use of a rhetorical construction for delivery of a retrievable intended effect, an Aha-effect. We conduct a mini-questionnaire with two cases, the former dealing with parody and the latter with GP. The study indicates the humor competence of ordinary Chinese participants (around the level of BA) as far as parody and GP are concerned and the participants’ potential for cognition of the pragma-rhetorical values of parody and GP or their potential for generation of such utterances. It is suggested that rhetorical constructions outwit the less rhetorical or grammatical constructions iff they are available and accessible, and that LCP can offer us a feasible interpretation of such tropes as parody and GP.
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Berger, Arthur Asa. "Trump: A Semiotic Analysis." Chinese Semiotic Studies 15, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2019-0004.
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Abstract This analysis discusses the various culture codes that are found in societies and the work of Clotaire Rapaille and Marcel Danesi on this topic. It then offers a semiotic analysis of Trump’s candidacy and presidency and deals with topics such as his hair style, rhetorical style, use of metaphors and metonymy, facial expression and body language, jokes about Trump, and his use of humor.
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Matevosyan, Armine, and Marine Alimyan. "Homophonic Pun in “Alice in Wonderland” in English and Armenian." Armenian Folia Anglistika 10, no. 1-2 (12) (October 15, 2014): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2014.10.1-2.070.
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The article focuses on the theoretical and practical issues of the homophonic pun in “Alice in Wonderland” and its Armenian translation. A pun is a rhetorical device in which people use the polysemous or homonymous relation of a language to cause a word, a sentence of a discourse to involve two meanings. The research reveals that L. Carroll uses a great array of homophonic pun which reveals the quintessential feature of the work, i.e. humor.
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Dionigi, Alberto, and Carla Canestrari. "The use of humor by therapists and clients in cognitive therapy." European Journal of Humour Research 6, no. 3 (November 13, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2018.6.3.dionigi.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate several aspects of humour in cognitive therapy. Eight first therapy sessions were examined and seven examples of humour originating from the therapists or the clients are reported: three represent examples of humour initiated by the client, while four are representative of humour initiated by the therapist. This research focuses on the use of humour in psychotherapy and provides evidence that when the clients initiated humour, the therapists responded in three different ways, namely, by aligning themselves with the client, disaligning themselves, or by using a strategy comprising both alignment and disalignment. Diversely, in cases in which the therapist initiated humour, four different forms of humour were identified (i.e. rhetorical humour, humour relating to a surrealistic meaning, role shifting and humour relating to register). In these cases, the clients always laughed, thereby signaling their support. An analysis of these cases demonstrates that humour is an easily integrated therapeutic tool which may be used to favour positive changes.
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Ramírez, Grethel. "Apuntes acerca de la ironía y otras variantes humorísticas." LETRAS, no. 40 (July 24, 2006): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rl.2-40.1.
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La ironía como figura retórica es un asunto de particular riqueza en los estudios literarios. En este artículo se analiza un conjunto de causas que podrían explicar el concepto de ironía y sus correspondencias con la sátira, la parodia y la comicidad.
Irony as a rhetorical figure is of particular interest in literary studies. Here a number of causes are analyzed which could explain the concept of irony and its correspondences with satire, parody and humor.
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Waisanen, Don. "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Decorum: Quintilian’s Reflections on Rhetorical Humor." Advances in the History of Rhetoric 18, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15362426.2014.974767.
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Pedrazzini, Ana, and Nora Scheuer. "Modal functioning of rhetorical resources in selected multimodal cartoons." Semiotica 2019, no. 230 (October 25, 2019): 275–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0116.
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AbstractFirstly, this paper aims to analyze how verbal and visual modes contribute to build two basic components of cartoons: the referenced situation and the fictional situation. Secondly, it aims to unravel the semiotics of this discursive genre by offering a fine-grained picture of modal variations and continuities of the rhetorical resources deployed, by means of which the fictional situation is displayed. The corpus is composed of 50 multimodal cartoons chosen by cartoonists of 22 nationalities as the most representative of their work in the frame of a wide questionnaire. Category analysis and non-parametric statistics were applied. We identified and fleshed out four different types of modal functioning of resources: visual preference, verbal preference, modal flexibility, and genuine multimodal functioning. Even if visual and multimodal metaphor were often in charge of transferring meaning from fiction to the referenced situation, results show that other resources such as antithesis, irony, and syllepsis can become the key resources of cartoons. Findings highlight the multilayered functioning of cartoons, among which plastic features can play a significant role, and provide further evidence in favor of the hyperdetermination of humor hypothesis proposed by Attardo.
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Urazayeva, Kuralay B., and Zhanargul K. Azkenova. "Manipulation as a rhetorical argument in Chekhov’s poetics." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 2 (2021): 298–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.204.
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The article presents the experience of a discursive-oriented approach in the study of works of fiction and is devoted to the study of manipulation as a rhetorical argument. Summarizing the results of studying literature from the perspective of communicative strategies required describing the text as a communicative strategy in its connection with discourse. The analysis of manipulation is carried out by means of solving problems: classification of external and internal factors of effective communication, comparison of argumentative strategies of literary characters with argumentative results, and the establishment of factors of genre transformation. The interpretation of external factors of influence as a result of the disparity of communicative settings of heroes, and internal factors of communication as manipulation of heroes is conducted in the article. The analysis of the author’s point of view from the positions of metasense and meta-observer allowed the authors of the article to establish a connection between the genre and the methods of perlocative influence and the organization of the text as a pervasive program. The differences in the methods of perlocative influence in the story are explained by allusive illustrative discursivity. The analysis of the comic modality of the work showed a discrepancy between argumentative strategies and argumentative results, which revealed the role of manipulation in the genre transformation based on the synthesis of vaudeville, farce, and social сomedy. The establishment of factors of genre transformation in Chekhov’s poetics became possible on the basis of the analysis of Chekhov’s humor from the positions of metasense and semantic gaps.
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Timralieva, Ju G. "Zeugma as a Method of Pragmatic Focusing in a Literary Text (Based on the Material of the German Language)." Discourse 7, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2021-7-2-118-126.
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Introduction.The article analyses the specifics of the functioning of the zeugma in artistic speech. Despite the popularity of this rhetorical figure since ancient times and its use in various spheres of communication, there is still no complete clarity about the essence of this linguistic phenomenon.Methodology and sources.The article considers various interpretations of the zeugma, determines its place in the circle of other rhetorical figures, conducts a structural analysis of zeugmatic constructions, identifies its syntactic and morphological variations, analyzes the stylistic potential. As an empirical material, lyrical and prose texts of German-language literature of the XIX–XX centuries are used, including works by H. Heine, A. Döblin, G. Trakl, G. Benn, K. Edschmid, H. Böll and other authors.Results and discussion.As a rhetorical figure, zeugma is built on the conflict of syntax and semantics, representing several syntactically homogeneous, but semantically heterogeneous elements. Zeugma, as a rule, has a nuclear word in its composition, in which, in conjunction with various actants, different meanings/shades of meanings are actualized, although “non-nuclear” zeugmas are also found. The role of the reference element is most often a verb-predicate, less often the core of the construction becomes an adjective, participle, adverb, noun. The elements of the paratactic series are usually nouns (homogeneous subjects, additions, circumstances), but the analysis also reveals cases of illogical combinations represented by other parts of speech, as well as examples with heterogeneous morphological forms within the same zeugmatic construction. The functional analysis of the zeugma demonstrates the rich stylistic potential of this rhetorical figure, which acts as a means of humor and satire in literary texts, serving to convey emotional states, semantic saturation of the utterance, and the increment of new meanings.Conclusion. Zeugma acts as a significant method of pragmatic focusing in a literary text, being especially widely represented in modernist literature, characterized by semantic multilayering and intensity of artistic expression.
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SEMENOVA, ELENA A. "CLOWN VS RAPPER: (INVECTIVES IN ONLINE AND OFFLINE RAP BATTLES)." Art and Science of Television 16, no. 3 (2020): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2020-16.3-89-104.
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The article is devoted to identifying the reasons for the more frequent laughter among listeners, caused by invectives addressed to the opponents’ pseudonyms rather than to their real names. In this regard, much attention in the work is paid to the concept of invective associated with the art of clownery. Since the times of Ancient Greece and Rome, it was one of the most important strategies of rhetorical art; now it is a key definition of a rap battle, in which the audience witnesses not humor, but something between humor and seriousness. (The written comments of the audience can be compared with the satirical texts of folk poetry: its anonymous authors treat the depicted characters as representatives of the laugh world that do not exist in reality.) Therefore, it is no coincidence that rap duels, which are discussed in this article, are considered the heirs of the ancient НАУКА ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЯ № 16.3, 2020 91 THE ART AND SCIENCE OF TELEVISION poetic competitions, where participants exalted themselves by humiliating their partners. The article analyzes oral and written texts of rap battles and viewers’ comments with reference to a deep, humorous interpretation. The basis here is the Kozintsev’s metasemantic approach to the phenomenon of humor, which was not previously applied to their analysis. According to this approach, humor is explained by the ability to make fun of one’s own stupidity and auto–parody of oneself as a representative of Homo sapiens. The comic nature is especially pronounced in clowns and is extremely uncommon for participants in rap battles. In the beginning of the research, it was suggested that the rules of rap duels probably prevent comic situations from occurring during rap battles. Later, however, the author came to the conclusion that in reality, these rules provoke humorous moments, since the audience begins to transform the participants’ pseudonyms into carnival nicknames, perceiving them at an unconscious level as a game signal.
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Iannarino, Nicholas T. "“What a Loser That Guy Was”: Norm Macdonald’s Humorous Critique of the Romantic/Warrior Narrative." Journal of Communication Inquiry 42, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859918771891.
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Illness narratives are stories that focus on, or are inspired by, the sometimes life-altering experience of illness. Most narrative constructions of these illness experiences are built upon one of three broad narrative “skeletons.” One skeletal subform, the romantic/warrior narrative, is critiqued by comedian Norm Macdonald in a humorous anecdote that mocks the expectation that cancer patients must wage an epic and heroic battle against their pernicious cancer to have a chance to survive. Macdonald explicates that such a mentality produces heroes and villains, winners and losers, and places additional burden on cancer patients. In this analysis, I argue that Macdonald’s effective use of humor and fulfillment of the five functions of health-related narration enable his story to gain narrative rationality and serve as effective rhetorical tools in encouraging the audience to accept the narrator’s critique of the romantic/warrior subform.
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Pascual, Esther, and Emilia Królak. "The ‘listen to characters thinking’ novel." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 16, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 399–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00016.pas.
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Abstract This article explores direct speech involving fictive interaction, that is not functioning as an ordinary quote (e.g. “a look of ‘I told you so’”; Pascual, 2006, 2014). We specifically deal with its use as a literary strategy, in which different fictive speech constructions may serve to: (i) give access to characters’ mental worlds; (ii) show the relationships and non-verbal communication between characters; (iii) create new semantic categories; and (iv) produce such rhetorical effects as vividness or humor. Special emphasis is placed on a comparative analysis of the English fictive direct speech plus noun construction (e.g. “the ‘why bother?’ attitude”) with its translations into Polish and Spanish. We show that the construction proves a challenge to translators, since neither of these languages has an exact syntactic equivalent. This study is based on an extensive and heterogeneous database that includes 30 bestselling novels from different genres, published between 1935 and 2013.
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Marshall, Laura H. "Blogging about the Affordable Care Act: A rhetorical analysis of weblogs kept by the Democratic and Republican Parties and the White House." Public Relations Inquiry 6, no. 1 (January 2017): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2046147x16679224.
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Political parties in the United States have used public relations tools to promote their opinions about health care reform since the subject first entered the lexicon in the 20th century. As the Affordable Care Act was introduced and debated in Congress in 2008 and 2009, political parties’ public relations teams used political weblogs or ‘blogs’ to disseminate their messages. The language used in those blogs illustrated attitudes underlying the explicit messages, including assumptions of victimhood and villainy, which were used to support party positions regarding the law. This rhetorical analysis examines content of the blogs within the ‘zones of meaning’ Heath proposed as models of effective public relations. Differences between the parties’ content and the administration’s is particularly noticeable in the uses of humor and sarcasm, the social positioning of women and families, and the villainy or victimhood inherent in many of the social roles depicted by the uses of language.
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Hakoköngäs, Eemeli, Otto Halmesvaara, and Inari Sakki. "Persuasion Through Bitter Humor: Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Rhetoric in Internet Memes of Two Far-Right Groups in Finland." Social Media + Society 6, no. 2 (April 2020): 205630512092157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305120921575.
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This study focuses on the role of Internet memes in the communication of two far-right groups in Finland. The material consists of 426 memes posted by Finland First and the Soldiers of Odin between the years 2015 and 2017 on Facebook. Multimodal discourse analysis was applied to understand the contents, forms, and rhetorical functions communicated via the Internet memes. The analysis shows that the contents of the memes revolve around six themes: history, humor, mythology, symbols, news and mottos. By using Internet memes, the groups aim to construe a heroic imagined past, to lend legitimacy to the nationalist cause, to arouse moral anger and hate toward refugees, and to encourage the movements’ followers to fight. We argue that, for the extreme groups, Internet memes are tools to crystallize their arguments in an easily shareable and concise form, which makes the memes useful tools in persuasion and mobilization, as well as attracting new audiences.
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Montes-Alcalá, Cecilia. "Code-switching in US Latino literature: The role of biculturalism." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 24, no. 3 (August 2015): 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947015585224.
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While mixing languages in natural speech production has often been inaccurately ascribed to illiteracy or lack of linguistic competence, doing so in writing is a long-standing practice in bilingual literature. This practice may fulfill stylistic or aesthetic purposes, be a source of credibility and/or communicate biculturalism, humor, criticism, and ethnicity, among other functions. Here, I analyze a selection of contemporary Spanish–English bilingual literature (poetry, drama, and fiction) written by Mexican American, Nuyorican, and Cuban American authors focusing on the types, and significance, of code-switching (CS) in their works. The aim of the study is to determine to what extent the socio-pragmatic functions that have been attested in natural bilingual discourse are present in literary CS, whether it is mimetic rather than rhetorical, and what differences exist both across literary genres and among the three US Latino groups. I also emphasize the cultural aspect of CS, a crucial element that has often been overlooked in the search for grammatical constraints.
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Tryfonova, Hanna, and Alona Mirko. "Problems of the translation of italian humor in the ukrainian language in the movie «The Taming of the scoundrel»." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 12, no. 21 (2019): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2019-12-21-192-199.
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The article explores the techniques of creating a humorous effect in the Italian film «The Taming of the Scoundrel», taking into account the audiovisual nature of the material under study. Modern approaches to defining the concept of humour in linguistics are examined and the main linguistic means of realization of humour are discussed, including contextual changes of lexical meanings of words, expletive constructions, rhetorical questions, accumulation of homogeneous terms, sentence, use of incompatible concepts, repetitions, contrasting comparisons, metaphors, black humour, hyperbole, grotesque synecdoche, antithesis etc. It was revealed that the humorous effect of the movie «The Taming of the Scoundrel» is based on a combination of two incompatible stereotyped images – residents of the Italian village and the city. The main method of humour creation was a combination of incompatible concepts and depictions of deviations from the norm (disrespect for a sick person, arrogant behaviour with a beautiful woman, rudeness towards a woman, secular nature of religion, when a monk trains the volleyball team, love and understanding towards animals and disrespect towards people). Special attention in the realization of humour is drawn to the visual elements, built on the principle of a combination of the inseparable, the deviation from the norm and hyperbolization. The dialogues show patterns of conversational style and simplicity of vocabulary and syntax, so they do not require the use of a variety of translation transformations. The article describes ways of translating Italian humour into Ukrainian and mechanisms for conservation the humorous effect. The vast majority of sentences are translated by literal translation. In some cases, lexical substitutions are used. For the most part, the humorous effect persists, except the case of translation of wordplay, realities, artistic comparisons. In some cases, the humorous effect could be conserved by choosing other translation strategies. The movie «The Taming of the Scoundrel» gained high popularity because of its simplicity of perception. Although Western humour differs from Eastern humour because of national cultural, socio-psychological differences, the humour in the movie «The Taming of the Scoundrel» is clear and understandable. The humorous effect is lost only in cases of linguistic or cultural identity of the phrases. However, the problem of creating a humorous effect in audiovisual contexts and its conservation in different cultural areas remains always urgent.
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Febrian, Harry. "Satire In The Making Rhetorical Analysis Of Habieb Rizieq Menjawab’ Facebook Fan Page." Jurnal ULTIMA Comm 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v6i2.416.
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Religious extremism is one of the major problems for Indonesia in the post-Soeharto era. The freedom that Indonesian people enjoyed after years of dictatorship by Soeharto also became a fertile ground for the idea of religious intolerances. Many effort are done by NGO’s, government, and also religious institution to promote the moderate view to counter this intolerances. But with the rise of social media, Habieb Rizieq Menjawab (HRM) Facebook Fan page—with more than 70 thousand followers, making it one of the most followed for religious affiliated figure— which is a parody of one of the famous hardline religious organization with the same name, stands out, because it is arguably the first of its kind in Indonesian social media landscape (Lakshmi, 2012) With around 69 million active users in 2014 (Purnell, 2014), making it the fourth largest country with Facebook user in the world, it’s hard to not look the important role this social media can play in Indonesia society. HRM becomes a unique and novel way for Indonesians to promote moderation and to counter the intolerances view. Satire itself has a long a history as tools to voice a counter view. Goodall, H., Cheong, P., Fleischer, K., & Corman, S., (2012) show that this kind of communication has been used, for example, since the pre-Islamic Arab through Second World War. Most recent examples can be seen in the Middle East. Countries such Egypt and Syria, which have been known for their use of literature, art, and humor as tools of political protest, seen a more flourished and fertile ground for a more mature comedic art forms, such as the ever-present political cartoon (Leila, 2012). This study will examine the usage of HRM Facebook Fan page, including status updates and image postings, seen with the perspective of critical theory of satire (Griffin, 1994) as a way to offer a counter-narrative, and an intervention to violent extremist narrative (Ashour, 2010) and Shetret (2011). The methodology to do it will be using the Rhetorical Analysis, with focus on Metaphorical Approach (Foss, 2009), This study hopes to examine how satire and social media can become a tool to fight the spread of religious intolerant ideas. It is also hoped that this study can serve as a base for further study on this topic.
Keywords: Satire, Facebook, Rhetorical Analysis, Religious Intolerances, Counter Narrative
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Farje Cuchillo, José. "César Vallejo y la identidad nacional en la escuela peruana." Archivo Vallejo 2, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34092/av.v2i2.44.
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Los textos escolares publicados por el Estado peruano presentan a César Vallejo como un escritor que explora diversos tópicos en su poética, pero sin profundizar en ninguno de ellos. Algunos, como el amor eros, el humor, la reflexión estética o la cárcel, han sido trabajados de manera poco didáctica, limitada o nula. En el caso de los poemas de compromiso social, se ha soslayado su matiz político marxista privilegiando el amor ecuménico que ellos poseen complementariamente. Asimismo, se ha privilegiado una imagen dolorosa del poeta. Este hecho difunde un conocimiento inexacto y parcializado del vate santiaguino. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar qué características posee el símbolo César Vallejo en los textos escolares vigentes. Para responder a esta interrogante, se ensayará la siguiente hipótesis: el símbolo Vallejo apoya la identidad nacional propuesta por el Estado.
ABSTRACT
Schoolbooks published in Peru depict César Vallejo as a writer who explores diverse topics in his poetry, but without probing deeply into any of them. Some themes, such as eros love, humor, aesthetic consideration, or imprisonment, have not been studied in a didactic way, if at all. With regards to the poems about social commitment, his Marxist slant has been avoided, privileging the complimentary motif of universal love. Additionally, the poet is often associated with great pain and suffering. This fact spreads an imprecise and incomplete knowledge of the bard from Santiago de Chuco. This article aims to analyze what characteristics the symbolic image of César Vallejo possesses in current-day textbooks. To answer this question, the following hypothesis is proposed: that the symbol of Vallejo supports the state-sponsored national identity.
Keywords: César Vallejo, España, aparta de mí este cáliz, rhetorical theory, cultural studies.
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Tkachenko, Tetyana. "THE PROSE GENRE PALETTE OF IVAN NECHUJ-LEVYCZKYJ." Literary Studies, no. 57 (2019): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6346.3(57).173-186.
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The article studies the specifics of the small prose of Ivan Nechuj-Levyczkyj (1838–1918). The focus is on the study of the genealogy of writing, including the variety of small epic forms presented by the writer’s legacy. The paper analyses the author’s reception, interpretation and reinterpretation of genres and genre varieties are covered, genre diffusion (travel essay, notes, sketching, anecdote, prose fable, satire, story, humorous, legend, fairy tale, phantasmagoria, tragic comedy, tragedy, fantasy). It explores the issues and topics of proscription (glorifying the beauty of nature of Ukraine, reflecting the whole world, depicting the life, customs and way of life of different ethnic groups that make up the Ukrainian people, external details and mentality, violations of local, state and human issues in a multi-level display – image, motive, plot, onomastics and toponymy), art and expressive means (metaphor, metonymy, numerous epithets, comparisons, concurrency, antithesis, gradation, symbol, humor, irony, satire, rhetorical constructions). The investigation elucidates the variability of the figure of the narrator (alter ego of the author, narrator/narrator, witness/participant of events, publicist, observator, historian, ethnographer). It accentuates the features of idiostyle (realism, elements of symbolism and impressionism; combination of deliberation and fiction, figurative polysemantics, auto-allusions, sensitivity, color symbolism, the reader as interlocutor and co-author on emotions, pictures, personification of being, intertextual inclusions).
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Gonçalves-Segundo, Paulo Roberto. "Multimodal metaphors and practical argumentation: discussing rhetorical effects and modes of articulation between modalities / Metáforas multimodais e argumentação prática: discutindo efeitos retóricos e modos de articulação entre modalidades." REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM 28, no. 2 (May 5, 2020): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.28.2.801-844.
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Abstract: This paper aims to discuss both a typology of articulation between verbal and pictorial modalities in the construal of metaphors and the potential pragmatic and rhetorical effects of the activation of multimodal metaphors in practical argumentation. To do so, we analyze six texts from governmental health campaigns in Brazil oriented towards the elimination of Aedes aegypti breeding grounds, the mosquito mainly responsible for the transmission of dengue fever, chikungunya and zika in the country. In terms of the expression of metaphorical vehicles and topics in each modality, we could identify, as a result, three main modes of articulation: autonomy, correlation and interdependence. For each mode, we showed some pragmatic and semantic effects, such as increasing metaphoricity, inducing reframing and refining referentiality. We frame this discussion by critically considering a series of different frameworks on metaphor studies, such as Lakoff and Johnson (1980), Forceville (2007), Müller (2008), Vereza (2007, 2017, 2018), Gonçalves-Segundo and Zelic (2016) and Steen (2017). In terms of argumentative roles, we concluded that multimodal metaphors were relevant in construing the Negative Consequences of inaction in regard to the elimination of breeding grounds, hyperbolizing the lethal potential of the infections; in inducing the reader’s readiness and tendency towards working collectively to achieve the campaign’s intended Goals; and, finally, in generating humor in the construal of the campaign’s Motivating Circumstances, in order to draw the reader’s attention and identification towards this necessary social action. To support this debate, we drew mainly on Fairclough and Fairclough (2012), Macagno and Walton (2019) and Gonçalves-Segundo (2019).Keywords: multimodal metaphor; multimodality; metaphor; argumentation; practical argumentation.Resumo: Nosso objetivo, neste artigo, é discutir tanto uma tipologia de articulação entre as modalidades verbal e imagética na construção de metáforas quanto os potenciais efeitos pragmáticos e retóricos da ativação de metáforas multimodais na argumentação prática. Para isso, analisamos seis textos de campanhas governamentais de saúde brasileiras orientadas à eliminação de focos de reprodução do mosquito Aedes aegypti, o principal responsável pela transmissão da dengue, da chikungunya e da zika no país. No que diz respeito à expressão de veículos e tópicos metafóricos em cada modalidade, identificamos, como resultado, três principais formas de articulação: autonomia, correlação e interdependência. Para cada uma dessas formas, mostramos alguns efeitos semântico-pragmáticos, como aumento de metaforicidade, indução de reenquadramento e refinamento de referencialidade. Tecemos essa discussão a partir de um diálogo crítico com diversas perspectivas, em especial Lakoff e Johnson (1980), Forceville (2007), Müller (2008), Vereza (2007, 2017, 2018), Gonçalves-Segundo e Zelic (2016) e Steen (2017). Em termos de funções argumentativas, concluímos que as metáforas multimodais foram relevantes na construção das Consequências Negativas da inação no tocante à eliminação dos focos de reprodução do mosquito, hiperbolizando o potencial letal das infeções; na indução de um estado de prontidão e de trabalho coletivo no sentido de atingir os Objetivos da campanha; e, finalmente, em gerar humor na construção das Circunstâncias Motivadoras da campanha, para obter a atenção e a identificação do leitor em relação a essa ação social necessária. Para enquadrar esse debate, valemo-nos especialmente de Fairclough e Fairclough (2012), Macagno e Walton (2019) e Gonçalves-Segundo (2019).Palavras-chave: metáfora multimodal; multimodalidade; metáfora; argumentação; argumentação prática.
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Fallianda, Fallianda, Rani Yuni Astiti, and Zulvy Alivia Hanim. "Analyzing Humor in Newspaper Comic Strips Using Verbal-Visual Analysis." Lingua Cultura 12, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v12i4.4911.
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The researchers aimed at analyzing the meaning of humor in newspaper comic strips within a variety of incongruous combinations of multimodal rhetoric. The current research focused on how humor was produced via verbal medium only, via both verbal and visual media, as well as via visual only. The source of data was 74 political comic strips featured in Kompas newspaper. The General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) was adapted as a framework of analysis. The analysis of the data confirms the following categorization: 49 humors appear only in text, 22 humor result from the interaction of text and image, and three humor come from images. In addition, humor which appears in text only and cases of the interaction between the two semiotic modes (either complementary or contradictory) is based on puns, exaggerations, contradictions, analogies, parallelisms, or verbal metaphors. Special attention is given to humor produced by the interaction of both text and image and by the images only which cause the hyperdetermination of humor, which can produce two or more humorous utterances. Meanwhile, the humor appeared in visual comic strips is produced exclusively by the visual language of knowledge resources.
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Tanoukhi, Nirvana. "The Movement of Specificity." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 3 (May 2013): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.3.668.
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If you want to know about Africa, read our literature—and not just Things Fall Apart.—Chris AbaniChimamandaadichie summarizes the current dilemma of the peripheral writer in thetitle of her recent ted talk: “The danger of a Single Story.” The talk's masterly braiding of ethos, pathos, and humor epitomizes the winning formula of this distinctively metropolitan media genre. But Adichie's rhetorical ingenuity interests us not as a cultural spectacle—the scene of a young African writer's anointment by metropolitan brokers as an upcoming “world writer”—but for what it structurally illuminates about the kind of minoritarian literary consciousness that gave birth to the concept of world literature. The speech begins by taking the audience down a well-trodden path, the story of Adichie's beginnings as a young writer in Nigeria—specifically, the naïveté of her childhood compositions: “All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they played in the snow, they ate apples, and they talked a lot about the weather, how lovely it was that the sun had come out.” How deluded and childish it now seemed to Adichie, this business of putting cloudy skies and sumptuous apples in an African story. Luckily, African novelists like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye already existed to dispel her original disorientation, so that she learned to replace the landscapes of British and American fiction with familiar settings where “people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, whose kinky hair could not form ponytails, could also exist in literature.”
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Weaver, Simon. "Jokes, rhetoric and embodied racism: a rhetorical discourse analysis of the logics of racist jokes on the internet." Ethnicities 11, no. 4 (June 3, 2011): 413–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796811407755.
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This article outlines the racist rhetoric employed in anti-black jokes on five internet websites. It is argued that racist jokes can act as important rhetorical devices for serious racisms, and thus work in ways that can support racism in particular readings. By offering a rhetorical discourse analysis of jokes containing embodied racism – or the discursive remains of biological racism – it is shown that internet jokes express two key logics of racism. These logics are inclusion and exclusion. It is argued that inclusion usually inferiorizes and employs race stereotypes whereas exclusion often does not. The article expands this second category by highlighting exclusionary ‘black’ and ‘nigger’ jokes. These categories of non-stereotyped race or ethnic joking have been largely ignored in humour studies because of a reliance on a problematic and celebratory definition of the ethnic joke. Thus a wider definition of racist humour is offered.
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Nazirun, Muhammad Mukhlis, and Ermawati S. "Struktur dan Kaidah Teks Anekdot dalam Kumpulan Cerita Abu Nawas." GERAM 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/geram.2020.vol8(1).4964.
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The background of the research was based on the existence of Abu Nawas stories that contain humor aspects. Besides, it has its uniqueness, so that readers are curious. The story of Abu Nawas is categorized as an anecdotal story because it contains the same structure and rules as the anecdotal text. Besides it also has a moral value so that it can be used as alternative teaching material at schools. Regarding the importance of Abu Nawas story, this study aimed to describe the structure and rules of anecdotal texts in the collection of Abu Nawas stories. This research was descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted in literature. The research took six months. Data was collected using documentation techniques. This research data contained the text of the Abu Nawas anecdotal story containing structure and language use. The data analysis technique used in this study was the procedure and analysis model according to Miles and Huberman which consists of three stages, namely, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion or verification. The results of this study, first, in terms of the generic structure, 44 anecdotal texts were perfect and 14 texts were not complete. It was proven by the average value which was 94% and was categorized complete based on the standard of anecdotal text structure covering abstract, orientation, crisis, reaction, and coda. Second, in terms of language use, 19 stories were complete and 39 stories did not use the language use properly. It was proven by the average value which was 75% and was categorized complete. The language features used in the form of past tense, rhetorical questions, temporal conjunction, material verbs, and imperative sentences.
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Dziuba, Agnieszka. "Military Rhetoric in the Description of Women’s Behavior on the Basis of Cicero’s and Livy’s Selected Texts." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 3 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH (October 29, 2019): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.3-2en.
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The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne vol. 60, issue 3 (2012).
The article analyzes the original and rare Roman military phraseology found in surviving works of literature, which is part of the convention of invectives against women. As testified by the surviving fragments of the Law of the Twelve Tables, the Roman civilization divided the sphere of men’s activities (politics and war) from the sphere of women’s activities (home and family) quite early. Literature imbued with didacticism supported this division by creating archetypal figures of ideal representatives of both genders. In the course of development it worked out a stereotyped phraseology that served the purpose of describing virtutes feminae and, separately, men’s virtues, corresponding to the spheres ascribed to them. Any breach of the order established by tradition (mores maiorum) and law encountered severe reprimands, which nevertheless remained within the rhetorical convention of vituperatio. The two texts by outstanding rhetors that are analyzed here—Cato the Elder’s speech against the repeal of the Oppian law (AUC 34, 2-4) by Livy and Marcus Tullius Cicero’s speech Pro Caelio—supply examples of the use of military phraseology, usually used to describe typically male activities, in descriptions of women’s behavior. In the case of Marcus Porcius Cato’s speech, vocabulary belonging to the field of military science (agmen, expugnare, obsidere, coniuratio, seditio) serves the purpose of inducing fear in the men listening to him. In this way, by using the threat of power being seized in the republic by women, the consul motivated patres familias to act and not to yield to women. In the case of Cicero’s speech, military rhetoric was used to ridicule and embarrass Clodia Metelli as a credible witness for the prosecution in the trial of Marcus Caelius Rufus. Aggressive and at times obscene humor was supposed to divert the listeners’ attention from the defense’s lack of arguments concerning the substance of the trial.
The original military phraseology used by both authors serves definite practical aims. What is more, its artistic dimension is decidedly pushed into the background. Cicero’s and Livy’s surprising idea allows us, on the one hand, to appreciate their ingeniousness in the field of rhetoric and their conscious rejection of conventions; on the other, it helps the contemporary reader of ancient texts realize the fact that men of the period of the Republic found it difficult to keep women within the limits imposed by tradition. They were forced to resort to sophisticated verbal argumentation in order to convince the judges and politicians (in both these groups patres familias prevailed) about the real threat posed by the ones in their charge.
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Smith, Stephen A. "Humor as Rhetoric and Cultural Argument." Journal of American Culture 16, no. 2 (June 1993): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.1993.00051.x.
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Pradana, Intan, Idhoofiyatul Fatin, and M. Ridlwan. "Strategi Menyindir pada Video Youtube Sengklekman Official dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pembalajaran Bahasa Indonesia." Stilistika: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/st.v14i2.8929.
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Satirical Strategy on The Sengklekman Official Youtube Video and Its Relevance Towards Indonesian Learning ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud strategi menyindir pada video youtube Sengklekman Official dengan menggunakan teori strategi off record Brown & Levinson. Sengklekman Official merupakan chanel youtube yang menayangkan kartun humor tentang keluh kesah masyarakat yang diintepretasikan melalui kehidupan tokoh Ian dan teman-temannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik simak catat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan penggunaan strategi off record, yaitu give hint, give association clues, presuppose, understate, overstate, use tautologies, be ironic, use metaphors, use retorical question, be vague, give over-generalize, dan displace H. Di antara strategi menyindir yang digunakan, strategi off record overstate dan displace H adalah yang paling dominan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan tuturan dalam video Sengklekman Official cenderung berlebih-lebihan dan mengandung tuturan yang tidak mengacu kepada lawan tutur secara langsung. Dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia, hasil penelitian ini relevan dengan materi teks anekdot untuk mendukung tercapainya KD 3.5, 4.5, 3.6, dan 4.6 di kelas X SMA.Kata kunci: Strategi menyindir, sengklekman, strategi off recordABSTRACTThis study aims to describe the form of a satirical strategy on the Sengklekman Official youtube video using Brown & Levinson's off record strategy theory. Sengklekman Official is a YouTube channel that broadcasts humorous cartoons about public complaints which are interpreted through the figure lives of Ian and his friends. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with note-taking technique. Based on the results of the study, it was found the use of off record strategies, namely give hint, give association clues, presuppose, understate, overstate, use tautologies, be ironic, use metaphors, use rhetorical questions, be vague, give over-generalize, and displace H. In Among the satirical strategies used, the strategy of off record overstate and displacement H is the most dominant. This is because the speech in the Sengklekman Official video tends to be excessive and contains speech that does not refer to the interlocutor directly. In learning Indonesian, the results of this study are relevant to anecdotal text material to support the achievement of KD 3.5, 4.5, 3.6, and 4.6 in class X Senior High School.Keyword: Satirical strategy, seklekman, strategy off record
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Badara, Aris. "Stand-up Comedy Humor Discourse in Local Perspective in Indonesia." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 7 (December 1, 2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.7p.222.
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Examining stand-up comedy humor discourse in local perspective in Indonesia is fascinating due to its uniqueness and complexity. This kind of discourse has some specific characteristics in terms of its creation and language use. A qualitative study was conducted with the data source from stand-up comedy records staged in 2016 by the stand-up comedy local community in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The data were reduced to obtain the funniest humor discourse. Furthermore, the data were analyzed based on the creation technique and the construction elements of humor discourse in terms of linguistic and non-linguistic context. The research findings showed that the creation technique and the construction elements of stand-up comedy humor discourse in local perspective in Indonesia were in line with the general concepts and theories of humor discourse creation techniques namely: (a) rhetoric, (b) tone variation, (c) irony, (d) language misunderstanding, (e) wordplay, (f) verbal jokes, (g) sarcasm, (h) satire, (i) sexual satire, and (j) deception. In addition, the results confirmed that the most widely used of creation techniques were rhetoric, wordplay, and deception. The three techniques are more pronounced than other techniques due to the local comics circumscribed public speaking capability.
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Nilsen, Don L. F. "Humor scholarship on rhetoric and discourse analysis." Rhetoric Society Quarterly 21, no. 2 (March 1991): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02773949109390919.
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Teilanyo, Diri I. "Rhetoric and Rivalry." Matatu 48, no. 2 (2016): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04802001.
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Politics almost always entails opposition and rivalry as individuals and groups compete for power and influence. This essay juxtaposes the use of rhetoric among political rivals in Chinua Achebe’s Arrow of God with the use of such language among present-day Nigerian politicians. Parallels are drawn between the utterances of such characters as Ezeulu, Nwaka, and Ezidemili in Arrow of God and those of Nigerian political personalities like Olusegun Obasanjo, Goodluck Jonathan, Ibrahim Babangida, and Atiku Abubakar (the statements of the Nigerian politicians having been gathered from the mass media). Rhetorical strategies such as wit, repartee, innuendo, cynical/wry humour, and outright abuse/imprecations are identified as shared in the two worlds. It is argued that such language of rivalry is common in all political settings, ancient or modern. It is also suggested that literary works such as Arrow of God constitute a source of both political wit and wisdom for politicians to draw on.
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Hylton, Kevin. "I'm not joking! The strategic use of humour in stories of racism." Ethnicities 18, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796817743998.
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This study examines the use of humour by Black football coaches in England as a rhetorical device against racism. The paper draws on humour studies and critical race theory to illustrate signs of humour as defence. Research on humour has popularly explored the ambiguities and qualities of humour and, in particular, joke telling through its use as a foil to stem racial ills is less well understood. Where previous work has focused on explicit joke telling/banter in sport, this paper examines how techniques of humour are used in everyday racialised experiences. The use of techniques of humour enables feelings of subordination, and humiliation to be transposed into forms of resistance, while its physiological and psychological benefits can lead to inter-racial relief and catharsis. The paper concludes that techniques of humour remain underexplored as important tools of resistance to everyday racism.
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Longenecker, Bruce. "A Humorous Jesus? Orality, Structure and Characterisation in Luke 14:15-24, and Beyond." Biblical Interpretation 16, no. 2 (2008): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851508x262966.
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AbstractIf humour is uncharacteristic of the texts of the early Christian movement, sensitivity to rhetorical patterning in oral/aural contexts permits the recognition of innocuous sexual humour in one of the parables attributed to Jesus. Whether or not the humour originates with Jesus, it is suggestive of the way that Jesus was remembered by some of his earliest followers, and lays down a guidepost as to how he might profitably be rendered in modern portraiture or characterised in modern narrative. To that end, this study closes with an assessment of four Jesus novels of the past decade in relation to their depiction of Jesus and humour.
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Sullivan, Nikki. "Being, Thinking, Writing 'With'." Cultural Studies Review 9, no. 1 (September 13, 2013): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/csr.v9i1.3583.
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Once upon a time there were three women: they were known as ‘the woman in black’, ‘the grey-haired woman with the well-developed sense of humor’ and ‘the rather quiet woman with the capacity to shock’. These women, who had known each other for quite some time, were all physicists. They were also friends. As physicists, the woman in black, the grey-haired woman with the well-developed sense of humour and the rather quiet woman with the capacity to shock had learned, and now shared, ‘a specific vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric’. They knew what could count as a scientific observation, ‘what standards of accuracy in determining observations [were] possible, how the words of common language [were] restricted and refined for use in [their particular] scientific discipline’. They knew how to tell the ‘truth’. Rational knowledge and empirical evidence were no strangers to these women who were well versed in what could count as an argument. Consequently, it was said by some that these women constituted a microcosmic rational community.
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Li, Xiaqing. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Humor Words in English Advertisements." English Language and Literature Studies 6, no. 2 (June 2, 2016): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v6n2p193.
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<p>As an independent discipline, pragmatics was through out thirty years’ development. It is also a young discipline. As a medium emerging commonly in advertising language art, humor has attracted wide attention of many producers. Previous scholars analyzed more from the perspective of grammar, vocabulary, rhetoric, etc. But the research of advertising language humor is lacking from the aspects of pragmatic rules. Our collection of data is quite open. Any advertisement that can be transcribed in to written form is our interest. They are excerpted from magazines, advertisement, collecting books, newspapers, TV and radio commercials. As we only focus on language humor, situational humor produced by visual performance is not involved this thesis. The advertising language art of humor has been widely paid attention. Based on the existing theories of humor research, author of this paper used many kinds of pragmatic theories to analyze English advertising humor language, and including reference, deixis, anaphora, presupposition, speech act theory, the cooperative principle, conversational implicatures, and the politeness principle. It can not only provide reference for the research of this field for later scholars, but also provide theoretical guidance for the AD makers of using humor language to produce a good advertising effect.</p>
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Obbard, Kiera. "Feminist humour’s disruptive potential: Trevor Noah’s Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood and Rupi Kaur’s ‘I’m taking back my body’." Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajms_00055_1.
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Using Trevor Noah’s Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood and Rupi Kaur’s TEDxKC performance, ‘I’m taking back my body’, as case studies, this article examines how feminist humour is used by celebrities and public intellectuals to tell personal stories of oppression, trauma and inequality. Building on humour theory, feminist humour theory and affect theory, this article examines the potential of feminist humour as a rhetorical device to help storytellers tell difficult stories, to engage in acts of community-building and world-making, to challenge social inequalities and to enable social change. Ultimately, this article asks what we can learn from these examples, and how we can employ feminist humour in our own storytelling practices not only to disrupt power relations and establish solidarity, but also to imagine new, more equitable, worlds.
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Im, Bo-ram. "The Rhetoric of Humor in Kim Seung-ok's Novel." Journal of Ehwa Korean Language and Literature 47 (April 30, 2019): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29190/jekll.2019.47.47.
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