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1
Nolte, Arne W., Jörg Freyhof, Kathryn C. Stemshorn, and Diethard Tautz. "An invasive lineage of sculpins, Cottus sp. (Pisces, Teleostei) in the Rhine with new habitat adaptations has originated from hybridization between old phylogeographic groups." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1579 (September 16, 2005): 2379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3231.
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Fish abundance surveys in the Rhine system have shown in the past two decades that there is a rapid upriver invasion of a freshwater sculpin of the genus Cottus . These fish are found in habitats that are atypical for the known species Cottus gobio , which is confined to small cold streams within the Rhine drainage. Phylogeographic analysis based on mitochondrial haplotypes and diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms indicates that the invasive sculpins are hybrids between two old lineages from the River Scheldt drainage and the River Rhine drainage, although it is morphologically more similar to the Scheldt sculpins. Most importantly, however, the invasive population possesses a unique ecological potential that does not occur in either of the source populations from the Rhine or the Scheldt, which allows the colonization of new habitats that have previously been free of sculpins. Microsatellite analysis shows that the new lineage is genetically intermediate between the old lineages and that it forms a distinct genetic group across its whole expansion range. We conclude that hybridization between long separated groups has lead to the fast emergence of a new, adaptationally distinct sculpin lineage.
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Roche, P. "Habitat Availability and Carrying Capacity in the French Part of the Rhine for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar L.)." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0116.
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A survey of potential spawning grounds and rearing habitats for Atlantic salmon was conducted in the French part of the Rhine Basin in Alsace, using a macro-habitat description method. Aerial photography was used for the Rhine whereas tributaries were described from a canoe. 113 ha of rearing habitat and 6 ha of spawning grounds were recorded, of which about half were in the I11 catchment and half in the Old Rhine between France and Germany. Their carrying capacity was evaluated on the basis of stocking tests. Parr densities at the end of the summer ranged from 0 to 26 0+ parr per 100 m2 of suitable habitat with unfed fry and from 5 to 70 with feeding fry (4-5 cm). The overall carrying capacity of the French part of the Rhine for Atlantic salmon is estimated at 344 100 yearling parr for the whole area. The carrying capacity would enable a production of 56 000 to 112 000 smolts, of which 70%are one year-old and 30% two-year-olds. Mortality through hydroelectric turbines during downstream migration was estimated at 20% of the smolt run. On a basis of a 2% return rate at the eventual stage of the reintroduction period, 900 to 1700 adults would return each year to the area. Recommendations are made to protect and restore vanishing running waters needed for salmonids.
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Chardon, Valentin, Laurent Schmitt, Hervé Piégay, Fanny Arnaud, Jordane Serouilou, Jérôme Houssier, and Anne Clutier. "Geomorphic effects of gravel augmentation on the Old Rhine River downstream from the Kembs dam (France, Germany)." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184002028.
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During the last 30 years, river restoration activities aiming to improve the functionality of degraded fluvial ecosystems increased markedly. For large rivers, it remains difficult to evaluate restoration efficiency and sustainability due to the lack of standardized monitoring metrics. From 2010 to 2016, three gravel augmentations were performed on the Old Rhine, a by-passed reach downstream from the Kembs dam (France- Germany). A geomorphic monitoring combining topo-bathymetric surveys, bedload tracking and hydraulic modelling allows to evaluate the successfulness of these actions. Results show that, to be mobilized, artificial sediment deposit should be located in concavity rather than convexity areas, due to higher shear stresses for moderate floods (Q2). Sediment starvation appeared rapidly on the restored reaches once the sediment wave moved downstream, as a consequence of limited upstream sediment supply. Bathymetric homogenization was observed along and downstream from the restored reaches without creation of new fluvial forms. This research highlights that future actions should include channel enlargement downstream of gravel augmentations, which would promote sediment deposition and habitat diversification. Sediments excavated during artificial widening could be stored and injected progressively into the upstream part of the Old Rhine to benefit the downstream sections.
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Nolte, Arne W., Jörg Freyhof, Kathryn C. Stemshorn, and Diethard Tautz. "Correction for Nolte et al. , An invasive lineage of sculpins, Cottus sp. (Pisces, Teleostei) in the Rhine with new habitat adaptations has originated from hybridization between old phylogeographic groups." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1653 (December 22, 2008): 2897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.3000.
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Correction for ‘An invasive lineage of sculpins, Cottus sp. (Pisces, Teleostei) in the Rhine with new habitat adaptations has originated from hybridization between old phylogeographic groups’ by Arne W. Nolte, Jörg Freyhof, Kathryn C. Stemshorn and Diethard Tautz (Proc. R. Soc. B 272 , 2379–2387. (doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3231 )). On p. 2379, the DOI was presented incorrectly. It is now presented correctly as: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3231
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van Dinter, M. "The Roman Limes in the Netherlands: how a delta landscape determined the location of the military structures." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 92, no. 1 (April 2013): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600000251.
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AbstractFrom the 40s A.D. onwards a dense military system was established in the Lower Rhine delta in the Netherlands. Long since, it is questioned why this system was established in a wetland area and even turned into the northwest frontier of the Roman Empire, theLimes. A new detailed palaeogeographical map, based on a digital elevation model (LIDAR), soil maps and excavation results, was constructed. This reconstruction provides insight and understanding of the interactions between the natural environment in this part of the delta on the one hand and the establishment of this part of theLimesalong the Old Rhine between Utrecht and Katwijk on the other. This study shows that the distinctive landscape of the western Rhine-Meuse delta, with an exceptionally large number of tributaries, determined the spatial pattern of the military structures. All forts (castella) were erected on the southern natural levees of the river Rhine, directly alongside the river, regardless of height and composition of the subsoil and alongside or opposite routes that provided natural access to the river. We conclude that their aim was to guard all waterways that gave access to the river Rhine from the Germanic residential areas further north and from/to the Meuse tributary further south in the delta. In addition, a system of small military structures, mostly watchtowers, was erected between the forts to watch over the river Rhine and its river traffic. Furthermore, at least two canals were established to create shorter and safely navigable transport routes to the river Meuse. At first, this integrated system of castella and watchtowers probably aimed to protect against Germanic invasions and to create a safe corridor for transport and built up of army supplies for the British invasion in 43 A.D. Only later on, probably by the end of the first century, this corridor turned into a frontier zone.
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Ardoino, Diego. "Bavarian geographer's Prissani and (Old) Prussians." Lietuvių kalba, no. 11 (December 20, 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2017.22556.
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It is a widespread opinion in literature that the ethnonym Prussians is first encountered as the form Bruzi in a short Latin manuscript headed Descriptio civitatum et regionum ad septentrionalem plagam Danubii. Indeed among the 58 tribes listed in the Bavarian Geographer's Descriptio there is another ethnonym, Prissani, which formally could be compared with the (Old) Prussians. On the base of the context in which the ethnonym is attested, of a thorough philological and linguistic examination of it and of onomastic data, the paper states that a) Prissani were probably settled in Moravia or not far from it, namely next to the region in which the Bavarian Geographer located the Bruzi; b) it is likely that Bruzi ir Prissani are corradicals and show different Latin ethnonym-forming suffixes; c) Bruzi and Prissani indicate the same tribe or two different groups of the same tribe; d) Bruzi and Prissani in the early Middle Ages have moved to the north, along the Vistula, from Moravia and the region located between the Rhine and the Enns rivers to the Prussia; e) we cannot say whether Bruzi and Prissani were really Balts or not.
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Preusser, Frank, Jan-Hendrik May, David Eschbach, Mareike Trauerstein, and Laurent Schmitt. "Infrared stimulated luminescence dating of 19th century fluvial deposits from the upper Rhine River." Geochronometria 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0045.
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Abstract Knowledge of the age of fluvial deposits is an important aspect in the understanding of river dynamics, which is pre-requisite for sustainable river management and restoration back to more natural conditions and processes. Presented here is a case study on using feldspar Infrared Stimulated Luminescence (IRSL) to date low-energy fluvial sediments that formed after correction of the Upper Rhine River in the first half of the 19th century. A rigorous testing programme is carried out to characterise the IRSL properties of the samples, including thermal transfer, dose recovery and fading. All samples reveal complex distributions of equivalent dose, implying the presence of differential bleach-ing in the samples. It is shown that multi-grain aliquots overestimate the known-age by up-to 200 years, i.e. apparent IRSL ages are twice as old as the true age of the sediment. The use of single grains results in ages that are in excellent agreement with the expected age, therefore the age overestimation in multi-grain aliquot measurements is likely explained by signal averaging effects. While the application of single grains appears mandatory for dating young low-energy fluvial deposits, the small absolute offset associated with the multi-grain approach might be acceptable when dating sediments of such type that are older than a few 1000 years.
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Urban, S. E., and G. L. Wycoff. "Densifying the Optical Reference Frame: The Tycho-2 Catalog of 2.5 Million Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 180 (March 2000): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100000130.
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AbstractSince the establishment of the Hipparcos Catalog as the defining source of the optical reference frame, densification beyond its ≈ 120,000 stars has been made possible by the utilization of the Tycho-1 Catalog. The ACT, combining the old Astrographic Catalog (AC) data with the Tycho-1 positions, is the best known example of this. The Tycho-2 consortium, led by E. Høg, has performed new reductions on the Tycho data. This not only has increased the astrometric and photometric accuracies of the original 1 million Tycho-1 stars, but also has added an additional 1.5 million stars. The U.S. Naval Observatory led the effort to compute the proper motions of these 2.5 million stars. They are based not only on the AC data but also include over 140 other ground-based catalogs, all directly reduced to the Hipparcos system. The result of these efforts is the Tycho-2 Catalog, available since February 2000. Positions, proper motions, and BT and VT magnitudes are given for 2.5 million stars. The catalog is 99% complete to V=11.0, and 90% complete to V=11.5. Positional accuracies at the mean epochs vary from < 10 mas for stars V < 9 to just under 100 mas for V > 12. Proper motion accuracies are estimated to be 1.3 mas/year to 3.0 mas/year for the same magnitude ranges. Photometric accuracies range from 0.02 magnitudes for the brightest stars to 0.25 magnitudes for the faintest.
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Linthout, K., H. Paulick, and J. R. Wijbrans. "Provenance of basalt blocks from Roman sites in Vleuten-De Meern (the Netherlands) traced to the Tertiary Siebengebirge (Germany): a geoarchaeological quest using petrological and geochemical methods." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 88, no. 1 (March 2009): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600000998.
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AbstractUnshaped basalt blocks from archaeological sites along the border of the Roman Empire (limes) in the lower Rhine area near Vleuten-De Meern (Utrecht) have been studied petrographically, analysed by XRF for major and trace elements, and dated by the 40Ar/39Ar method. The blocks are from a revetment in the bank of a fossil branch of the Rhine and a contiguous ship De Meern 4, both built around 100 AD. All nineteen blocks are alkali olivine basalt (AOB) with xenoliths of peridotite derived from the upper mantle and quartz xenocrysts from the continental crust; eighteen blocks contain resorbed plagioclase xenocrysts as well. Abundances of major and trace elements show that those eighteen samples form a chemically coherent group. The outlier, different in chemistry and without plagioclase xenocrysts, is from the ship. A basalt block from ship De Meern 1 (148 AD) conforms compositionally to the defined group. AOB lumps from a limes watchtower (2nd-3rd century) form a chemically distinct group.Low SiO2 contents (<46 wt.%) and high abundances of Mg, Ti, Ni, and Sr indicate a within-plate origin, directly from primitive melts; proportions of selected trace elements point at a continental rift setting. In the archaeological context, the most likely source region for the blocks is the Cenozoic European Volcanic Province, upstream along the Rhine and its tributaries.The petrographic and analytical data of the blocks have been compared with 432 published analyses of German AOB. On petrographic grounds, the Eifel can be ruled out as a source area since typical Eifel basalt minerals, amphibole, biotite, K-feldspar and feldspatoids, are absent in the blocks. Applying seven geochemical criteria, based on abundances of major elements in the Roman blocks, twelve sites with matching AOB were found in the Siebengebirge, seven in the Vogelsberg, and one in the Westerwald.The ages of the blocks (26.3 - 28.5 Ma) are compatible with ages determined for AOB from the Siebengebirge (27.4 - 29.9 Ma), and preclude their provenance from the Vogelsberg (< 18 Ma). The matching Westerwald sample is from 60 km beyond the limes, a prohibitive distance from the perspective of Roman logistics.AOB quarries of optimal logistic position are located adjacent to the Rhine, between Bonn and Remagen, a zone with significant Roman settlements from the first century AD. Geochemical correlation indicates AOB bodies at Rolandsbogen and Godesburg (S of Bonn) as potential sources of the blocks from the 100 AD revetment and ships. Similarly, the Erpeler Ley (E of Remagen) is indicated as the likely source for the blocks from a 2nd-3rd century AD watchtower.As the Godesburg basalt is at 1.6 km from the Rhine today, it is not obvious how the blocks were transported from there. However, it may be that the adjacent, now sanded, branch of the old Rhine river system, was navigable for flat-bottomed vessels in Roman times.Our study demonstrates that substantial detailed information regarding ancient mining and trading activities can be retrieved from seemingly indistinctive basalt blocks.
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Versloot, Arjen. "Die Endungen -os/-as und -a des Nominativ/Akkusativ Plurals der a-Stämme im Altsächsischen." Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 76, no. 4 (March 16, 2016): 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340052.
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The Old Saxon ending of the NAp of the masculine a-stems is generally -os in the larger sources Heliand and Genesis, appears as -as in minor texts, but faces competition from -a in minor texts in south-western sources. There are various hypotheses about the origin of the -a-ending, whether going back to the original Proto-Germanic accusative ending or being a borrowing from Franconian. An analysis of all 119 attested NAp forms of masculine -(j/w)a-stems from minor texts reveals that the ending -a arose in the late 9th century and found its roots indeed in the south-western region of the Lower Rhine Valley (Essen, Werden). The variant -os, next to geographically dominant -as, is only found in that region as well. The ending -a most likely spread from Lower Rhine Valley Franconian, where an intense contact existed between Franconian and Saxon, the former being the politically dominant variety. This borrowing was the first step in a total reshaping of Middle Low Saxon plural morphology, based on the Franconian pattern of masculine -e versus feminine -en.
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Ivezić, Ž., D. G. Monet, N. Bond, M. Jurić, B. Sesar, J. A. Munn, R. H. Lupton, et al. "Astrometry with digital sky surveys: from SDSS to LSST." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S248 (October 2007): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308020103.
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AbstractMajor advances in our understanding of the Universe have historically come from dramatic improvements in our ability to accurately measure astronomical quantities. The astrometric observations obtained by modern digital sky surveys are enabling unprecedentedly massive and robust studies of the kinematics of the Milky Way. For example, the astrometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), together with half a century old astrometry from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS), have enabled the construction of a catalog that includes absolute proper motions as accurate as 3 mas/year for about 20 million stars brighter than V=20, and for 80,000 spectroscopically confirmed quasars which provide exquisite error assessment. We discuss here several ongoing studies of Milky Way kinematics based on this catalog. The upcoming next-generation surveys will maintain this revolutionary progress. For example, we show using realistic simulations that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will measure proper motions accurate to 1 mas/year to a limit 4 magnitude fainter than possible with SDSS and POSS catalogs, or with the Gaia survey. LSST will also obtain geometric parallaxes with accuracy similar to Gaia's at its faint end (0.3 mas at V=20), and extend them to V=24 with an accuracy of 3 mas. We discuss the impact that these LSST measurements will have on studies of the Milky Way kinematics, and potential synergies with the Gaia survey.
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Berendsen, H. J. A., B. Makaske, O. van de Plassche, M. H. M. van Ree, S. Das, M. van Dongen, S. Ploumen, and W. Schoenmakers. "New groundwater-level rise data from the Rhine-Meuse delta – implications for the reconstruction of Holocene relative mean sea-level rise and differential land-level movements." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 86, no. 4 (December 2007): 333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600023568.
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AbstractWe present new local groundwater-level rise data from two Late Glacial aeolian dunes, located near Barendrecht and Oud-Alblas in the western Rhine-Meuse delta. These data are based on AMS radiocarbon dating of terrestrial macrofossils, collected from the base of peat formed on the slopes of these dunes. This method avoids contamination of bulk peat samples by old soil carbon or younger rootlets and rhizomes, as well as the hardwater effect. The new data are used to assess the reliability of previously published groundwater-level index data based on conventional radiocarbon dating of bulk basal peat samples from the slopes of the Late Glacial aeolian dunes at Barendrecht, Hillegersberg, Bolnes and Wijngaarden, all located in the western Rhine-Meuse delta.Comparison of the new and published groundwater-level data shows no significant systematic difference between conventionally dated bulk peat samples and AMS-dated samples of terrestrial macrofossils. The new data from the dune at Barendrecht confirm the reliability of the younger than 6600 cal yr BP age-depth data from the dunes at Hillegersberg and near Bolnes. This result supports the validity of this part of the mean sea-level (MSL) curve for the western Netherlands. Consequently, the position of the groundwater-level curve for Flevoland (central Netherlands) below this MSL curve can most likely be attributed to differential land-level movement.The available data show that the groundwater-gradient effect in the western Rhine-Meuse delta became less than 5 cm/km after 6600 cal yr BP. Finally, temporal correlation between temporary increases in local groundwater-level rise with known shifts of river courses in the delta plain suggests, that avulsions can explain sudden local deviations from the trend in groundwater-level rise. A general conclusion of this study is that a complex relationship exists between sea level and local delta-plain water levels.
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Caro Reina, Javier. "Wortsprachliche Merkmale im Alemannischen." Linguistik Online 98, no. 5 (November 7, 2019): 235–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.98.5939.
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This paper examines the strategies for profiling the phonological word in Alemannic, applying the typology of syllable and word languages. The diagnostic criteria selected for assessing the relevance of the phonological word include syllable structure, phonotactic restrictions, and word-profiling processes. Following on from previous synchronic and diachronic analyses (Nübling/Schrambke 2004; Szczepaniak 2007), I will provide a detailed account of the phonological word in Old Alemannic and in modern Alemannic dialects, which include Upper-Rhine Alemannic, Swabian, and South Alemannic. It will be shown that the relevance of the phonological word gradually increased in Alemannic, as can be gleaned from processes such as unstressed vowel reduction, unstressed vowel deletion, and consonant epenthesis. While vowel reduction created strong asymmetries between stressed and unstressed syllables, unstressed vowel deletion and consonant epenthesis increased syllable complexity at word and morpheme boundaries. In addition, Swabian was found to contain more word-related features than Upper-Rhine Alemannic and South Alemannic. Thus, the typology of syllable and word languages contributes to a better understanding of language variation and change in Alemannic.
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Girelli, Giacomo, Micol Bolzonella, and Andrea Cimatti. "Massive and old quiescent galaxies at high redshift." Astronomy & Astrophysics 632 (December 2019): A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834547.
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Aims. Questions of how massive quiescent galaxies rapidly assembled and how abundant they are at high redshift are increasingly important in the study of galaxy formation. Looking at these systems can shed light on the processes of galaxy mass assembly and quenching of the star formation at early epochs. In order to address these questions, we aim to identify and characterize massive quiescent galaxies from z ∼ 2.5 out to the highest redshifts at which these systems can be found. The final purpose is to compare the results with the predictions of state-of-the-art semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution. Methods. We defined observer-frame color–color diagrams to optimally select quiescent galaxies at z > 2.5 and applied them to the COSMOS2015 catalog. We refined the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting analysis for the selected candidates to confirm their quiescent nature, then derived their number density, mass density, and stellar mass functions. Finally, we compared the results with previous observations and some current semi-analytic models. Results. We selected candidates for quiescent galaxies in the redshift range 2.5 ≲ z ≲ 4.5 from the COSMOS2015 catalog by means of two color–color diagrams. The additional SED fitting analysis allowed us to select 128 galaxies, consistent with being massive (log(M*/M⊙)≥10.6), old (ages ≳0.5 Gyr), and quiescent (log(sSFR [yr−1]) ≤ −10.5) objects at high redshift (2.5 < z < 4.5). Their number and mass densities are in fair agreement with previous observations and, if confirmed, show a discrepancy with current semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution, that underpredict the number of massive quiescent systems up to a factor of ∼12 at 2.5 ≤ z < 3.0 and ∼10 at z ∼ 4.0. The evolution of the stellar mass functions (SMFs) of these systems is similar to previous estimates and indicates a disagreement with models, particularly with regard to the shape of the SMF. Conclusions. The present results add further evidence to the possibility that massive and quiescent galaxies can exist out to at least z ∼ 4. If future spectroscopic observations carried out with, for example, the James Webb Space Telecope (JWST), confirm the substantial presence of such a population, further work on modeling the stellar mass assembly, as well as supermassive black hole accretion and feedback processes at early cosmic epochs, is needed to understand how these systems formed, evolved, and quenched their star formation.
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Yuan, Ye, Fan Li, Yanning Fu, and Shulin Ren. "New precise positions in 2013–2019 and a catalog of ground-based astrometric observations of 11 Neptunian satellites (1847–2019) based on Gaia-DR2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 645 (January 2021): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038776.
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Context. Developing high-precision ephemerides for Neptunian satellites requires not only the continuation of observing campaigns but also the collection and improvement of existing observations. So far, no complete catalogs of observations of Neptunian satellites are available. Aims. We aim to provide new, precise positions, and to compile a catalog including all available ground-based astrometric observations of Neptunian satellites. The observations are tabulated in a single and consistent format and given in the same timescale, the Terrestrial Time (TT), and reference system, the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), including necessary changes and corrections. Methods. New CCD observations of Triton and Nereid were made at Lijiang 2.4-m and Yaoan 0.8-m telescopes in 2013–2019, and then reduced based on Gaia-DR2. Furthermore, a catalog called OCNS2019 (Observational Catalog of Neptunian Satellites (2019 version)) was compiled, after recognizing and correcting errors and omissions. Furthermore, in addition to what was considered for the COSS08 catalog for eight main Saturnian satellites, all observed absolute and relative coordinates were converted to the ICRS with corrections for star catalog biases with respect to Gaia-DR2. New debiasing tables for both the modern and old star catalogs, which were previously not provided based on Gaia-DR2, are developed and applied. Treatment of missing positions of comparison bodies in conversions of observed relative coordinates are proposed. Results. OCNS2019 and the new debiasing tables are publicly available online. OCNS2019 includes 24996 observed coordinates of 11 Neptunian satellites obtained over 3741 nights from 1847 to 2019. All observations are given in TT and ICRS. The star catalog biases are removed, which are significant for Nereid and outer satellites. We obtained 880 (5% of total now available) new coordinates for Triton over 41 nights (1% of total observation nights so far), and 790 (14%) for Nereid over 47 nights (10%). The dispersions of these new positions are about 0.″03 for Triton and 0.″06 for Nereid. Conclusions. OCNS2019 should be useful in improving ephemerides for the above-mentioned objects.
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Yuan, Ye, Fan Li, Yanning Fu, and Shulin Ren. "New precise positions in 2013–2019 and a catalog of ground-based astrometric observations of 11 Neptunian satellites (1847–2019) based on Gaia-DR2." Astronomy & Astrophysics 645 (January 2021): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038776.
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Context. Developing high-precision ephemerides for Neptunian satellites requires not only the continuation of observing campaigns but also the collection and improvement of existing observations. So far, no complete catalogs of observations of Neptunian satellites are available. Aims. We aim to provide new, precise positions, and to compile a catalog including all available ground-based astrometric observations of Neptunian satellites. The observations are tabulated in a single and consistent format and given in the same timescale, the Terrestrial Time (TT), and reference system, the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), including necessary changes and corrections. Methods. New CCD observations of Triton and Nereid were made at Lijiang 2.4-m and Yaoan 0.8-m telescopes in 2013–2019, and then reduced based on Gaia-DR2. Furthermore, a catalog called OCNS2019 (Observational Catalog of Neptunian Satellites (2019 version)) was compiled, after recognizing and correcting errors and omissions. Furthermore, in addition to what was considered for the COSS08 catalog for eight main Saturnian satellites, all observed absolute and relative coordinates were converted to the ICRS with corrections for star catalog biases with respect to Gaia-DR2. New debiasing tables for both the modern and old star catalogs, which were previously not provided based on Gaia-DR2, are developed and applied. Treatment of missing positions of comparison bodies in conversions of observed relative coordinates are proposed. Results. OCNS2019 and the new debiasing tables are publicly available online. OCNS2019 includes 24996 observed coordinates of 11 Neptunian satellites obtained over 3741 nights from 1847 to 2019. All observations are given in TT and ICRS. The star catalog biases are removed, which are significant for Nereid and outer satellites. We obtained 880 (5% of total now available) new coordinates for Triton over 41 nights (1% of total observation nights so far), and 790 (14%) for Nereid over 47 nights (10%). The dispersions of these new positions are about 0.″03 for Triton and 0.″06 for Nereid. Conclusions. OCNS2019 should be useful in improving ephemerides for the above-mentioned objects.
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ROWE, MICHAEL. "BETWEEN EMPIRE AND HOME TOWN: NAPOLEONIC RULE ON THE RHINE, 1799–1814." Historical Journal 42, no. 3 (September 1999): 643–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x9900850x.
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The two decades of French rule in the German-speaking Rhineland at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries witnessed the dramatic imposition of the sovereign state on a region previously noted for its absence. The successful integration of the new territories into the Republic and Empire depended upon the response of Rhenish elites to the transformation of local government from an accumulation of historical privileges into the lowest administrative tier of the state. Napoleon, more than his revolutionary predecessors, recognized the importance of ‘rallying’ the ‘notables’ in what was a politically inclusive and socially exclusive process. This policy was successful insofar as elites did, in general, rally. Their motivation varied, and the commitment was rarely unconditional. Rhenish notables, long adept at exploiting Old Regime institutions to preserve particular privileges, abused Napoleonic institutions, in order to protect clients and preserve their social position. This helped widen the gulf between the mainly urban notables and the rest of the predominantly rural population, which had fewer legal and institutionalized opportunities for asserting its interests directly. This system of rule proved suited to Rhenish conditions until the rise of party politics in the second half of the nineteenth century.
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Essink, K., A. P. Oost, H. J. Streurman, and J. Van der Plicht. "Are Medieval Mya arenaria (Mollusca; Bivalvia) in the Netherlands also clams before Columbus?" Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 96, no. 1 (May 25, 2016): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2016.17.
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AbstractDuring the Pleistocene, the coastal marine bivalve mollusc Mya arenaria became extinct in northwest Europe. The species remained present in North America. Datings of Mya shells found in northern Denmark and the southern Baltic Sea suggest that repopulation of northwest European coasts already occurred before Columbus’ discovery of America (1492), possibly facilitated by Viking (Norse) settlers at Greenland and northeast North America. In this paper we report on findings of M. arenaria at five locations in the coastal landscape of the Netherlands: polders reclaimed from the Wadden Sea and the former estuaries of Oer-IJ and Old Rhine. The shells from four of these locations also date before 1492 AD.
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Fulkerson, Laurel. "Staging a Mutiny: Competitive Roleplaying on the Rhine (Annals 1.31-51)." Ramus 35, no. 2 (2006): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00000862.
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Discussions of Tacitus' use of theatricality or dramatic episodes are nothing new, but these studies have primarily focused on the Neronian books, where they are seen as particularly appropriate. The notions of performativity and pageantry, however, pervade all of Tacitus' historical writing, even in places where they have not previously been sought. I focus in this article on how Germanicus' conduct while quelling the Rhine mutiny of 14 CE dangerously assimilates him to the German soldiers insofar as both treat the uprising as an opportunity to display their most flamboyant behaviours in an attempt to frame the mutiny in their own terms. I see each party as staging performances designed to carry weight with their audience and so render the actors' claims to truth more persuasive.But first a distinction must be drawn between acts that are merely extravagant (e.g. the ‘dramatic gesture’) and those which, whether extravagant or not, happen in front of a group that is thereby constituted as the audience to a performance; only the latter will be of interest here. Nearly all forms of public discourse in Roman society aim at persuasion, and the scholarship on the subject often encourages slippage between dramatic, theatrical and performative acts: not everything that happens on a stage is performative, and not everything done with an eye to effect is theatrical. I therefore, with some hesitation, use throughout this piece the designation ‘performative’ to indicate those behaviours reminiscent of things that happen on stage (or, sometimes, in oratorical contexts), and which,becauseof their already familiar nature, seek to construct the audience to them specifically as a passive audience, i.e. to create a ‘script’ for the situation that requires a certain kind of response. So, to take an example from Old Comedy, the use in Aristophanes'Thesmophoriazousaeby the character Euripides of scenes taken from his own tragic plots seeks to persuade the audience-within-the-play that his relative must be rescued; it is thus both performative and persuasive.
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Marquis, Kathy. "Peter Devereaux and Carla Diane Hayden. The Card Catalog: Books, Cards, and Literary Treasures." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 19, no. 1 (May 17, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.19.1.71.
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In an early archives job, I typed the name and subject entries at the top of card sets we received from the Library of Congress. It was exacting work and I really enjoyed it, including the filing. At a venerable manuscript repository, the cards ranged from the printed ones I placed on top of the rods (to be double-checked before they slipped into their forever homes) and those written in a spidery handwriting that could easily have been 100 years old. It made me feel part of a long tradition of information mavens.
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Kumkova, Irina I., Vadim V. Bobylev, and Nina M. Bronnikova. "Densification of ICRS in the Optical by use of Old Pulkovo Observation Sets." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 180 (March 2000): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100000117.
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AbstractModern tasks of high precision astrometry demand optical coordinate systems including more faint stars than are available now in current conventional systems (Hipparcos). For this purpose it is suggested to use old photographic observations accumulated in the Pulkovo Observatory. Extensive observational data have been obtained at Pulkovo Observatory during the last century in the framework of several programs, e.g. Pulkovo Galaxy plan, etc. Observations have been made with the Normal Astrograph from 1894 to the present. The data are investigated with the aim of extending the Hipparcos catalog to stars fainter than 11th magnitude. All available observations are taken into account. A description of the material considered is given. The distribution of the selected plates over the celestial sphere is shown as well. Coordinates of faint stars in the Hipparcos system are calculated for selected areas. The accuracy of computed star coordinates is analyzed. Results of the investigation are presented.
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TIAN, JIAHUI, and LIHONG TU. "A new species of the spider genus Solenysa from China (Araneae, Linyphiidae)." Zootaxa 4531, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4531.1.10.
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The genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 belongs to Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859, which is a species-rich group, including 608 genera and 4,571 species (World Spider Catalog 2018). Solenysa currently includes 14 species from China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula (Simon 1894; Namkung 1986; Li & Song 1992; Gao, Zhu & Sha 1993; Tu, Ono & Li 2007; Ono 2011; Tu & Hormiga 2011; Wang, Ono & Tu 2015). The linyphiid phylogeny based on molecular data shows that Solenysa species forms one of the seven main clades within Linyphiidae (Wang et al. 2015). According to the phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data, Tu and Hormiga (2011) divided the genus Solenysa into four species groups, each having a unique genital type comprised by series genital characters. As an old branch with a long evolutionary history, Solenysa spiders have accumulated a long list of synapomorphies (Tu & Hormiga 2011), not only having a unique somatic appearance, but also specific genitalic characters that distinguish them from all other linyphiids.
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Buser, Roland, and Jianxiang Rong. "Metallicity Structures of the Milky Way." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 169 (1996): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900230040.
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The metallicity-sensitive (U – G) colors from the new homogeneous catalog of photographic RGU data in seven high-latitude fields have been used to determine the larger-scale metallicity distributions of the Galactic population components. For the thick disk, preliminary analysis based on our best structural models provides a mean metallicity 〈[M/H]〉 = −0.6 ± 0.3dex and a marginal vertical metallicity gradient ≈ −0.1dex/kpc. The observed color distributions are further consistent with the (old) thin disk having mean abundance 〈[M/H]〉 = −0.3 ± 0.2dex and abundance gradient ∂[M/H]/∂z = −0.6dex/kpc.
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Jongmans, A. G., and R. Miedema. "Morphology, genesis, and distribution of calcareous material in Late Weichselian sediments of the Rhine and Meuse rivers in the eastern part of the Netherlands." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 34, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v34i4.16767.
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In Late Weichselian sediments of the rivers Rhine and Meuse locally and haphazardly calcareous sediments were deposited. Field investigation of a cross section through a calcareous sediment and subsequent micromorphological investigation of biological activity, decalcification and clay illuviation indicate that such local occurrences are slabs of frozen, calcareous sediments, transported and redeposited as floes during periglacial conditions. Sedimentation of the calcareous material is probably of Bolling age and was accompanied by bioturbation. Decalcification, transport and resedimentation as floes occurred during the Old Dryas. Early in the Allerod the material was strongly bioturbated. Clay illuviation should be dated in the Young Dryas and gley and pseudogley formation, finally, in the Holocene. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Khomutov, Sergey Y., and Manjula Lingala. "Some problems with old magnetic data processing." E3S Web of Conferences 196 (2020): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019602029.
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Continues magnetic measurements at the IKIR FEB RAS obser-vatories Magadan (MGD), Paratunka (PET), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (YSS), Cape Schmidt (CPS) and Khabarovsk (KHB) and CSIR-NGRI observatories Hyder-abad (HYB) and Choutuppal (CPL) have been started almost since their formation. A significant part of the results obtained is presented in the WDC and INTERMAGNET databases. However, a large amount of raw data remains un-processed and unavailable for using by scientific community. In the past few years, institutes has been making efforts to process and reprocess old magnetic data. Digital images of analog magnetograms of the Observatory Paratunka since 1967 were obtained and the possibility of their use for calculation hourly and minute values of magnetic field elements was evaluated. Old digital data that was available during the conversion from analog to digital magnetometers is processed. The main problem of processing or re-processing archived data is the lack of information (metadata) about the measurement conditions. First of all, these are the results of absolute observations, which are necessary to obtain the values of the elements of the total field vector. In this paper, some technologies are proposed that allow to use the data obtained during processing of analog magnetograms to adjust the digital magnetometers records. A signif-icant problem is the lack or inaccuracy of information about the temperature conditions in the variation pavilion, about magnetometers or support equipment maintenance or about works in and near the pavilions. As we accumulate the experience during the processing of old magnetic data, a “catalog” of noise and its typical images is formed. This makes it more reliable and efficient to identify and remove this noise from records.
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Leonhard, Jens. "Doppelperfekt und Plusquamperfekt im Hoch- und Oberrheinalemannischen Südwestdeutschlands." Linguistik Online 98, no. 5 (November 7, 2019): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.98.5931.
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In this paper I discuss the tenses Doppelperfekt and Plusquamperfekt in spoken High Alemannic and Upper-Rhine Alemannic in south-western Germany with a usage-based approach and a statistical evaluation. I show that both Doppelperfekt and Plusquamperfekt have a past perfect meaning, i. e. they refer to a point of time in the past placed before another point of time in the past. Furthermore, I account for a language change in the timespan from 1974 to 2013 in which the Plusquamperfekt becomes more frequent in relation to the Doppelperfekt. Additionally, I show that speakers use the Doppelperfekt in the old data with both auxiliaries (sein and haben), and in the new data only with the auxiliary haben. In contrast to this, the Plusquamperfekt is used in the old data only with the auxiliary sein, and in the new data with both auxiliaries sein and haben. These results could lead to the conclusion that the Doppelperfekt und Plusquamperfekt cannot exist simultaneously in an equivalent manner.
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Lewis, B. M. "Miras Without Masers are Symbiotic Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 135 (1992): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100006485.
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AbstractAbout 40% of potential OH / IR stars, color selected from the IRAS Point Source Catalog, have no 1612 MHz masers. While these objects are rarely carbon rich, they are usually associated with circumstellar shells. The natural explanation for these “OH / IR star color mimics” is that they are systems with a degenerate companion collecting an accretion disk from a red giant wind. This provides them with an extra source of UV for dissociating their molecules. The persistent absence of the usual complement of masers from an O-rich shell is then a pointer to the presence of a degenerate companion. These occur in association with ~45% of old giant stars.
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Wagner, Iris, W. D. Maurer, P. Lemmen, H. P. Schmitt, M. Wagner, M. Binder, and P. Patzak. "Hybridization and Genetic Diversity in Wild Apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) MILL.) from Various Regions in Germany and from Luxembourg." Silvae Genetica 63, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2014): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2014-0012.
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AbstractMalus sylvestris is the only apple species native to Central Europe. Its genetic integrity may be threatened by hybridization with the cultivated apple (Malus × domestica). A total of 883 genotypes, 477 putative wild apples in Germany and Luxembourg and 406 old to modern cultivars has been investigated. Wild apples growing in Germany originated from Rhineland-Palatinate, North Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony. The genetic structure was analysed at ten isozyme marker loci, and morphology was studied by fruit size, leaf pubescence, and a complex morphological description performed in advance. A model-based cluster analysis applied to all nuclear data resulted in two clearly differentiated gene pools for putative wild and cultivated apples with moderate proportions of admixture in the wild group on average (0.138 total, 0.111 German sample). At the individual level, the percentages of both hybrids and feral cultivars together ranged from 2.3% in Rhineland-Palatinate to 28.8% in Luxembourg. The intraspecific variability in fruit diameter ranged from 21 to 40 mm, and that in leaf pubescence in autumn ranged from score 0 to score 1. No single morphological trait of a specimen appeared to be sufficient for identification. Even the correspondence between the complex morphological and complex genetic determinations for individuals did not exceed 93% in pure wilds and 64% in hybrids. Genetic variation in pure wild apple is high (species level: P = 90%, A/L = 3.1, He = 0.369). Allelic differentiation & was 0.089, pairwise genetic distance (d0) ranged from 0.065 to 0.148 among five samples. Correspondence between genetic and geographic distance of populations was observed to a certain extent.
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Westerhout, Gart. "Archiving of Data in Positional Astronomy." Highlights of Astronomy 9 (1992): 711–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600010121.
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Astrometry is the oldest of the astronomical endeavors. Indeed, we still have the observing journals of Galileo, the journals of Flamsteed, and those of most of the other old transit-circle astronomers. We have most of the early photographic plates taken for the astrographic catalog project, and almost all the parallax plates. However, as technology progressed, we have become somewhat less precise in recording what we did. It is for this reason that this joint meeting was called: to impress on the modern astronomer that, in general, he only extracts a fraction of the information from his observations, and that these observational data may, in the future, provide an invaluable source needed for the progress of the science.
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Bo, M. Del, M. G. Lattanzi, G. Massone, F. Porcu, F. Salvati, G. L. Deiana, A. Poma, and S. Uras. "The TOCAMM Project." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 178 (2000): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100061431.
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AbstractThe TOCAMM (TOrino CAgliari Measuring Machine) project undertaken jointly between Torino and Cagliari Astronomical Observatories aimed to convert the old measuring machine ASCORECORD into an automatic and impersonal one. This program is intended to contribute to the link of the HIPPARCOS Catalogue to the ICRS through the determination of precise position of optical counterparts of 80 extragalactic radiosources taken from the IERS list and to investigate the astrometric accuracy of the Guide Star Catalog (version 1 and 2). The calibration test phase, carried out first at the Astronomical Observatory of Torino and after at Cagliari Observatory, where the machine has been now installed, indicate that the available positional accuracy is about 0.5 microns in both x and y coordinates.
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Zhong, Jing, Li Chen, Di Wu, Lu Li, Leya Bai, and Jinliang Hou. "Exploring open cluster properties with Gaia and LAMOST." Astronomy & Astrophysics 640 (August 2020): A127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937131.
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Context. In Gaia DR2, an unprecedented high level of precision has been reached at sub-milliarcsecond for astrometry and millimagnitudes for photometry. Using cluster members identified with the astrometry and photometry in Gaia DR2, we can obtain a reliable determination of cluster properties. However, because of the shortcomings of Gaia spectroscopic observations in dealing with densely crowded cluster regions, the RVs and metallicity values for cluster member stars from Gaia DR2 are still lacking. It is necessary to combine the Gaia data with the data from large spectroscopic surveys, such as LAMOST, APOGEE, GALAH, and Gaia-ESO. Aims. In this study our aim is to improve the cluster properties by combining the LAMOST spectra. In particular, we provide the list of cluster members with spectroscopic parameters as an add-value catalog in LAMOST DR5, which can be used to perform a detailed study for a better understanding of the stellar properties, by using their spectra and fundamental properties from the host cluster. Methods. We cross-matched the spectroscopic catalog in LAMOST DR5 with the identified cluster members in Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018, A&A, 618, A93). We then used members with spectroscopic parameters to derive statistical properties of open clusters. Results. We obtained a list of 8811 members with spectroscopic parameters and a catalog of 295 cluster properties. The provided cluster properties include astrometric parameters, spectroscopic parameters, derived kinematic and orbital parameters, and isochrone fitting results. In addition, we study the radial and vertical metallicity gradient and age-metallicity relation with the compiled open clusters as tracers, finding slopes of −0.053 ± 0.004 dex kpc−1, −0.252 ± 0.039 dex kpc−1, and 0.022 ± 0.008 dex Gyr−1, respectively. The slopes of the metallicity distribution relation for young clusters (0.1 Gyr < Age < 2 Gyr) and the age-metallicity relation for clusters within 6 Gyr are both consistent with the literature results. In order to fully study the chemical evolution history in the disk, more spectroscopic observations for old and distant open clusters are needed for further investigation.
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Pascal, A. D. "Cyrillic writing system: from Slavic to Romanian." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2020-3-5-10.
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The article is devoted to Cyrillic handwritten books of the XIII–XIX centuries, created in the Romanian principalities, and stored today in the manuscript collections of the Russian State Library. The uniqueness of the writing system, functioning in the principalities (Wallachia, Moldavia, Transylvania) since their political formation, is that it was a Cyrillic script based on the old Slavic language with a predominant Roman-speaking population. In course of the writing system’ development in the principalities, there was a transition from the Slavic font to the Latin one; the intermediate result of this transition was the creation of monuments written in Romanian language with Cyrillic script. The main stages of this process are considered by reference to the specific examples of unique handwritten books and their fragments that have become objects for collecting by scientists, antiquaries, and Old Believers, whose book collections have formed the basis of the handwritten collections of the Russian State Library. They are the oldest Cyrillic manuscripts and their fragments dated to the XII–XIV centuries, found on the territory of Romania, Slavic manuscripts, produced mainly in monasteries of principalities in the XV–XVII centuries, translations of individual words into the Romanian language in the rewritten Slavic texts in the XVI century; the glosses and comments in Romanian on the margins of Slavic manuscripts in the XVI–XVIII centuries; numerous notes in the Romanian language in the manuscripts of the XVI–XVIII centuries, made by owners and readers; translations of literary monuments, including bilingual (Slavic–Romanian) and trilingual (Slavic–Latin–Romanian) versions in the XVI–XVIII centuries; Romanian–Slavic and Slavic–Romanian dictionaries in the XVII–XVIII centuries; letters and their copies in the Romanian language (sureties) in the XVI–XIX centuries. The article is an intermediate outcome of studying and describing Cyrillic Romanian handwritten books in the collections of the Russian State Library, which will result in the publication of a hard–copy catalog.
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Lépine, Sébastien. "Where the Wild Young M Dwarfs Are: the SUPERBLINK Proper Motion Survey and a Search for Low-mass Moving Group Candidates." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S314 (November 2015): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315006365.
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AbstractThe SUPERBLINK survey catalogs all stars brighter than R = 19 mag and with proper motions larger than 40 mas yr−1, down to a declination of −33○. The catalog inevitably includes a significant fraction of the presumed low-mass members of several nearby young moving groups (Beta Pic, AB Dor, Tuc-Hor, Argus), or low-mass escapees from the Hyades and Pleiades clusters. We discuss opportunities and challenges in identifying the missing M dwarf members of these moving groups. While rounding up the majority of the potential M dwarf members of these groups, such samples are significantly affected by co-moving field stars, both young and old, due to the heavy clumping of the local field population in velocity space.
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Barmby, P., and M. Rafiei Ravandi. "Stellar populations in the outskirts of M31: the mid-infrared view." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S321 (March 2016): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316011054.
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AbstractThe mid-infrared provides a unique view of galaxy stellar populations, sensitive to both the integrated light of old, low-mass stars and to individual dusty mass-losing stars. We present results from an extended Spitzer/IRAC survey of M31 with total lengths of 6.6 and 4.4 degrees along the major and minor axes, respectively. The integrated surface brightness profile proves to be surprisingly difficult to trace in the outskirts of the galaxy, but we can also investigate the disk/halo transition via a star count profile, with careful correction for foreground and background contamination. Our point-source catalog allows us to report on mid-infrared properties of individual objects in the outskirts of M31, via cross-correlation with PAndAS, WISE, and other catalogs.
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Zirves, Melanie, and Holger Pfaff. "Nursing Home Residents Aged over 80—A Cross-Sectional Analysis on Which Activity Traits Correlate to Positive Affect." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 21, 2020): 9583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249583.
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Admission to a care facility is assumed to enhance depressive symptoms and dependent behavior in old age. In this context, the relevance of participation in activities that make everyday life in a care facility more pleasant has been pointed out. This study examines if there is a relationship between participation in different activities as well as the frequency of this participation and the positive affect of nursing home residents aged over 80. Data from the unique cross-sectional representative study ‘Quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia’ in Germany (n = 150, aged 90.15 years in average) were used. The data were collected between 08/2017 and 02/2018 using computer-assisted personal interviewing. The variability in and frequency of activity participation functioned as independent, and positive affect as dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis was performed. Residents’ predicted positive affect significantly increased with a higher variability in activity participation. There was no independent effect of frequency in participation. Our findings indicate that there is a significant and positive relationship between participating in a high number of different activities and the overall positive affect of residents aged over 80 years. This does not hold true for the frequency of participation.
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van Reijmersdal, Eva A., Esther Rozendaal, and Moniek Buijzen. "Boys’ responses to the integration of advertising and entertaining content." Young Consumers 16, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-10-2014-00487.
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Purpose – The purposes of this paper are to investigate the effects of integrated advertising formats on the persuasion of children, children’s awareness of the persuasive intent of these formats and how this awareness mediates the level of persuasion. Design/methodology/approach – An one-factor between-subjects experiment was conducted among 117 boys from 8 to 12 years old. Findings – This study showed that boys were more aware of the persuasive intent of a non-integrated catalog than of a brand-integrated magazine. In addition, higher awareness of the persuasive intent of the catalog enhanced persuasion in boys. Research limitations/implications – This study only focused on boys’ responses and not on girls. Practical implications – Findings imply that advertisers could focus on non-integrated print advertising formats, such as catalogs, to promote positive product attitudes among boys. Catalogs are also a more ethical way of communicating to boys because boys are generally aware of catalogs’ persuasive intent. Social implications – This study implies that even if children have sufficient persuasion knowledge, they do not necessarily use it to critically evaluate advertising. Originality/value – This paper is the first to systematically test the differences in effects of brand-integrated magazines versus catalogs targeted toward children. Importantly, it shows that persuasion knowledge plays a fundamentally different role in the persuasion process of children than of adults: awareness of the persuasive intent of catalogs increases persuasion among boys, whereas previous studies among adults showed opposite results.
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Davis, Marc, and Adi Nusser. "Re-examination of Large Scale Structure & Cosmic Flows." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S308 (June 2014): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316010061.
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AbstractComparison of galaxy flows with those predicted from the local galaxy distribution ended as an active field after two analyses came to vastly different conclusions 25 years ago, but that was due to faulty data. All the old results are therefore suspect. With new data collected in the last several years, the problem deserves another look. The goal is to explain the 640 km/s dipole anisotropy of the CMBR. For this we analyze the gravity field inferred from the enormous data set derived from the 2MASS collection of galaxies (Huchra et al. 2005), and compare it to the velocity field derived from the well calibrated SFI++ Tully-Fisher catalog (Springob et al. 2007). Using the “Inverse Method” to minimize Malmquist biases, within 10,000 km/s the gravity field is seen to predict the velocity field (Davis et al. 2011) to remarkable consistency. This is a beautiful demonstration of linear perturbation theory and is fully consistent with standard values of the cosmological variables.
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Calienes, Raúl Fernández. "Bibliography of the Writings of Orlando E. Costas." Missiology: An International Review 17, no. 1 (January 1989): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182968901700111.
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During his life, the Rev. Dr. Orlando E. Costas made significant contributions to the literature of missiology and theology. Though he was only 45 years old at the time of his death, he personally authored over 100 books and articles, and made over thirty contributions (e.g., chapters, articles, prologues) to the books of other people from around the world. His own interests were varied, but centered mostly on mission, evangelism, and Latin America. This bibliography is an attempt to collect and record his writings, all in one place. It is offered as a tribute to his life and ministry. Wherever possible, searching aids have been included. Examples are the Library of Congress cataloguing numbers (for most of the books) and the Reigner Recording Library Catalog numbers (for the sound recordings at the Union Theological Seminary, Richmond, Virginia).
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Fuchs, B., C. Dettbarn, and R. Wielen. "The Scatter of Metallicities of Stars in the Solar Neighbourhood." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 169 (1996): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900230064.
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It is well known that the velocity dispersions of the stars in the solar neighbourhood increase with their ages (Wielen 1977). In Fig.1 we show |W| weighted velocity dispersions (cf. Wielen 1977) of the stars in the Third Catalog of Nearby Stars (Gliese and Jahreiß 1994). Open symbols indicate main sequence stars and crosses indicate McCormick stars, a kinematically unbiased subset of the CNS3, respectively, whereas the filled symbols are the Edvardsson et al. (1993) data. Stars older than 14 Gyr are not shown because they are probably thick disk stars (Freeman 1991). We have assumed a maximum age of the old thin disk stars of 12 Gyr as suggested by the Edvardsson et al. data. As can be seen from Fig.1 both data sets fit ideally together. The solid line indicates a σ ∝ τ1/2 law.
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Benkortem, Saruta, Nahathai Tanakul, and Chutipong Suwannajak. "RR Lyrae analysis in the Local Group globular clusters and dwarf galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S351 (May 2019): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921319007336.
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AbstractRR Lyrae variables are powerful tools to study their host stellar populations. Globular clusters and dwarf galaxies are old and usually host this type of variables. With a growing number of low luminosity objects discovered in the halo of the Milky Way, classifying stars clusters and galaxies has become more challenging. In this study, we examine the properties of RR Lyrae stars in globular clusters and dwarf galaxies in the Local Group. We construct a catalog of RR Lyrae variables in the Local Group globular clusters and dwarf galaxies from previously published data and compare the properties of RR Lyrae variables between those two types of stellar systems. Our goal is to search for a physical difference in the properties of RR Lyrae variables in those two classes of stellar systems. We also analyze the global trend of RRLs in these systems to understand more about their formation and evolution history.
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Mohamad, M. S., W. A. W. Aris, N. J. Jaffar, and R. Othman. "SEISMIC STRAIN MAP IN MALAYSIA DERIVED FROM LONG-TERM GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-399-2019.
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Abstract. Series of major earthquakes struck the Sundaland plate as a result of convergence with neighboring plates such as Indian, Australian and Philippine plates. Since then, the Sundaland is experiencing significant crustal deformation that implicate reactivation of local fault and embark question on the status of geohazard and seismic risk. In Malaysia, crustal deformation study by using Global Positioning System (GPS) has been conducted for many years. However, the information of crustal deformation was reported separately and difficult to be archived. In addition, continuous estimation of crustal deformation derived from GPS has to be carried out in order to provide present day seismic status. This study aims at generating a seismic catalog map in Malaysia derived from approximately nine (9) years of GPS data. In this study, derived long-term crustal deformation in the form of coordinate time series (CTS) were converted into yearly strain map. The changes of strain with respect to location of old and active fault line in Malaysia were properly analysed. From the result, the highest changes of strain rate for Peninsular Malaysia happened in 2004 until 2005 and 2012 until 2013 prior to 2004 Acheh earthquake event with the moment magnitude (Mw) and 2012 two strike-slip events in Northern Sumatera with the magnitude of 8.2Mw and 8.6Mw. In North Borneo region, the most significant changes of strain rate happened from 2007 to 2009 and 2011 to 2013. It can be expected that the results will be beneficial in augmenting geohazard mitigation in Malaysia.
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van Altena, William F., Vladimir I. Korchagin, Terrence M. Girard, Dana I. Dinescu, and Tatiana V. Borkova. "Galactic Disk Surface Density in the Solar Neighbourhood." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 220 (2004): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900183214.
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Using parallaxes and proper motions of a kinematically and spatially unbiased sample of old bright red giant stars from the Hipparcos catalog with measured radial velocities from Barbier-Brossat & Figon (2000), we have re-estimated the surface density of the Galactic disk in the solar neighbourhood within ±0.4 kpc of the Sun. We determine the vertical distribution of the red giants as well as the vertical velocity dispersion of the sample, (14.4±0.26 km/sec), and combine these to derive the surface density of gravitating matter in the Galactic disk. Using these data, we determine the surface density of the galactic disk as a function of the galactic coordinate, z. the surface density of the disk increases from 10.5 ±0.5 M⊙within ±50 pc to 42 ±6 M⊙/pc2 within ±350 pc. The volume density of the galactic disk within ±50 pc is 0.105±0.005 M⊙/pc3, which is only marginally greater (within 2 sigma) than the volume density estimates of observed baryonic matter in the solar neighbourhood.
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Abdelfettah, Yassine, Jacques Hinderer, Marta Calvo, Eléonore Dalmais, Vincent Maurer, and Albert Genter. "Using highly accurate land gravity and 3D geologic modeling to discriminate potential geothermal areas: Application to the Upper Rhine Graben, France." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): G35—G56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0042.1.
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New land gravity data results acquired in northern Alsace were presented. Compared to the available old Bouguer anomaly, we recovered an accurate Bouguer anomaly field showing data uncertainties [Formula: see text]. A qualitative data analysis using pseudotomographies reveals several negative anomalies suggesting a decrease of the bulk density at the depth of geothermal interest. We have performed a quantitative study on the basis of the existing 3D geologic model derived from a reinterpretation of the vintage seismics. The theoretical gravity response indicates a great mismatch with the observed Bouguer anomaly. The stripping approach was applied, and the stripped Bouguer anomaly indicates that the density values of the Jurassic, but especially for the Triassic, the Buntsandstein, and the upper part of the basement, were overestimated even using the density values measured in the deep geothermal borehole. This suggests that the borehole density values do not reflect the density variations occurring at larger scale. To reduce the Bouguer anomaly during stripping, a negative density contrast should be affected to the Buntsandstein layer overlaying the basement, suggesting that the part located between the Buntsandstein and the upper part of the basement presents a low-density value compared to the reference density, which is not necessarily expected and is not observed in the densities measured in the borehole. Interestingly, a correlation is found between the gravity analyses and the thermal gradient boreholes in the northern part of the study area. For two boreholes, the gravity interpretation suggests a huge density decrease in the Buntsandstein, which may arise from a combination of high-density fracturing and the important quantity of geothermal fluid significantly affecting the bulk density. Analysis of the thermal borehole data suggests that these two boreholes indicate higher geothermal potential compared with the other boreholes.
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Basse, Martin, and Ulrich Lemke. "Class Trilobita in the Wocklum Limestone of the northern Rhenish Massif east of the Rhine (late Famennian, Late Devonian) – Part 1. Phillipsiidae and Proetidae." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 298, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 203–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0945.
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In 1926, Rudolf & Emma Richter published the first and so far only monograph of the Late Devonian trilobites. Most of these are in need of revision for technical reasons. In recent years there has been some interesting progress in connection with research on the Devonian- Carboniferous boundary and the Hangenberg Event. The trilobites of the latest Famennian Wocklum Limestone, which belong to the Proetoidea and Phacopinae, are locally the last before the event. They are ex- tensively investigated only by sites at Apricke. The combination of corresponding data with new and updated old information from all other important sites provides for the first time a modern overview of the trilobite fauna. This is important for understanding aspects of the event. The Proetoidea is first in- vestigated in detail. On the basis of previously unpublished finds, the type species of Pseudo waribole and Waribole are documented relatively extensively for the first time. The exact knowledge of their morphology is important for phylogenetic examinations. Eowinterbergia effenbergensis sp. nov. is the first proof for this genus for the German Late Devonian. The demarcation of the Wocklum Limestone against the underlying Dasberg Limestone is only possible faunistically. Species of Helio proetus seem suitable for this, as an example shows. Balvibole kaufmanni gen. et sp. nov. from the Dasberg Limestone is another eyeless cyrtosymboline in the late Famennian.
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Devin, J., M. Lemoine-Goumard, M. H. Grondin, D. Castro, J. Ballet, J. Cohen, and J. W. Hewitt. "High-energy gamma-ray study of the dynamically young SNR G150.3+4.5." Astronomy & Astrophysics 643 (October 28, 2020): A28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038503.
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Aims. The supernova remnant (SNR) G150.3+4.5 was recently discovered in the radio band; it exhibits a shell-like morphology with an angular size of ~ 3°, suggesting either an old or a nearby SNR. Extended γ-ray emission spatially coincident with the SNR was reported in the Fermi Galactic Extended Source Catalog, with a power-law spectral index of Γ = 1.91 ± 0.09. Studying particle acceleration in SNRs through their γ-ray emission is of primary concern to assess the nature of accelerated particles and the maximum energy they can reach. Methods. Using more than ten years of Fermi-LAT data, we investigate the morphological and spectral properties of the SNR G150.3+4.5 from 300 MeV to 3 TeV. We use the latest releases of the Fermi-LAT catalog, the instrument response functions and the Galactic and isotropic diffuse emissions. We use ROSAT all-sky survey data to assess any thermal and nonthermal X-ray emission, and we derive minimum and maximum distance to G150.3+4.5. Results. We describe the γ-ray emission of G150.3+4.5 by an extended component which is found to be spatially coincident with the radio SNR. The spectrum is hard and the detection of photons up to hundreds of GeV points towards an emission from a dynamically young SNR. The lack of X-ray emission gives a tight constraint on the ambient density n0 ≤ 3.6 × 10−3 cm−3. Since G150.3+4.5 is not reported as a historical SNR, we impose a lower limit on its age of t = 1 kyr. We estimate its distance to be between 0.7 and 4.5 kpc. We find that G150.3+4.5 is spectrally similar to other dynamically young and shell-type SNRs, such as RX J1713.7−3946 or Vela Junior. The broadband nonthermal emission is explained with a leptonic scenario, implying a downstream magnetic field of B = 5 μG and acceleration of particles up to few TeV energies.
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Frobeen, Anna L., Christoph Kowalski, Verena Weiß, and Holger Pfaff. "Investigating Respondents and Nonrespondents of a Postal Breast Cancer Questionnaire Survey Regarding Differences in Age, Medical Conditions, and Therapy." Breast Care 11, no. 2 (2016): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446015.
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Background: Collecting patient-reported data via postal questionnaires is a common and frequently used technique. Selection bias may occur through lost data from nonrespondents. This study investigated differences in characteristics between respondents and nonrespondents of a postal breast cancer survey. Patients and Methods: The investigation was based on a cross-sectional postal questionnaire survey for the mandatory annual routine (re-)certification of accredited breast centers in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2010. Out of 4,444 patients meeting the inclusion criteria who gave their consent to participate, 3,856 respondents sent back a questionnaire and 588 nonrespondents did not. Using logistic regression, differences between respondents and nonrespondents regarding information gathered through hospital staff concerning age, affected breast, UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) staging and grading, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and type of surgery were assessed. Results: Very young and very old patients sent back their questionnaire significantly less frequently, as did patients who showed a later cancer stage and poorer general health and those who underwent mastectomy. Conclusion: Differences exist between respondents and nonrespondents with regard to age, disease, and therapy characteristics that need to be considered for the interpretation and generalizability of survey results due to selection bias.
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Braga, V. F., A. Bhardwaj, R. Contreras Ramos, D. Minniti, G. Bono, R. de Grijs, J. H. Minniti, and M. Rejkuba. "Structure and kinematics of Type II Cepheids in the Galactic bulge based on near-infrared VVV data." Astronomy & Astrophysics 619 (November 2018): A51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833538.
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Context. Type II Cepheids (T2Cs) are radially pulsating variables that trace old stellar populations and provide distance estimates through their period-luminosity (PL) relation. Aims. We trace the structure of old stellar population in the Galactic bulge using new distance estimates and kinematic properties of T2Cs. Methods. We present new near-infrared photometry of T2Cs in the bulge from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea survey (VVV). We provide the largest sample (894 stars) of T2Cs with JHKs observations that have accurate periods from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) catalog. Our analysis makes use of the Ks-band time-series observations to estimate mean magnitudes and individual distances by means of the PL relation. To constrain the kinematic properties of our targets, we complement our analysis with proper motions based on both the VVV and Gaia Data Release 2. Results. We derive an empirical Ks-band PL relation that depends on Galactic longitude and latitude: Ks0 = (10.66 ± 0.02) − (2.21 ± 0.03)·(log P−1.2)−(0.020±0.003)·l+(0.050±0.008)·|b| mag; individual extinction corrections are based on a 3D reddening map. Our targets display a centrally concentrated distribution, with solid evidence of ellipsoidal symmetry – similar to the RR Lyræ ellipsoid – and a few halo outliers up to ≳100 kpc. We obtain a distance from the Galactic center of R0 = 8.46 ± 0.03(stat.) ± 0.11(syst.) kpc. We also find evidence that the bulge T2Cs belong to a kinematically hot population, as the tangential velocity components (συl∗ = 104.2 ± 3.0kms−1 and συb = 96.8 ± 5.5kms−1) agree within 1.2σ. Moreover, the difference between absolute and relative proper motion is in good agreement with the proper motion of Sgr A✻ from VLBA measures. Conclusions. We conclude that bulge T2Cs display an ellipsoidal spatial distribution and have kinematics similar to RR Lyræ stars, which are other tracers of the old, low-mass stellar population. T2Cs also provide an estimate of R0 that agrees excellently well with the literature, taking account of the reddening law.
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Fitzpatrick, George E., and Kimberly A. Klock-Moore. "568 Challenges and Opportunities in Academic Advisement for Non-traditional Horticulture Students." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 494A—494. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.494a.
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The average undergraduate horticulture major at the Univ. of Florida Academic Program at Fort Lauderdale is 38 years old. The older, non-traditional student population is quite diverse, but many individuals are motivated by a desire to change careers, and many of them have taken extensive academic course work at other institutions prior to applying for admission to the Univ. of Florida. Academic advisement of this type of student presents a substantial challenge because of the uncertainty of content and vigor of prior academic preparation. To help meet this challenge, we have developed several academic advisement checklists that indicate numbers and titles of critical preprofessional and general education courses from the academic institutions that have been most frequently attended by the highest numbers of the incoming non-traditional students. These checklists have been cross-referenced between the catalogs of the various academic institutions and the Univ. of Florida catalog. We use these documents to evaluate the academic preparation of incoming transfer students and to assist them in making correct course selections to remedy any academic deficiencies that could negatively influence their success in upper division horticulture course work.
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Berthold, F., A. Baillot, B. Hero, P. Schurr, A. Nerenz, D. H. Hunneman, and J. Sander. "Which Cases Are Found and Missed by Neuroblastoma Screening at 1 Year? Results From the 1992 to 1995 Study in Three Federal States of Germany." Journal of Clinical Oncology 17, no. 4 (April 1999): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1999.17.4.1200.
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PURPOSE: Neuroblastoma screening during the first half-year of life is associated with a two- to three-fold overdiagnosis. Because regression processes seem to be confined to infancy, we investigated whether screening at 1 year would be associated with fewer overdiagnoses, and we investigated the characteristics of thus-detected and not-detected patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thin-layer chromatography was used for semiquantitative assessment of urine samples dried on filter paper and obtained when patients were 10 to 14 months old (sample 1) and 17 to 19 months old (sample 2). Abnormal results were reanalyzed quantitatively from the same specimen by high-performance liquid chromatography and/or gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. RESULTS: A total of 200,054 children of the German federal states Lower Saxony, Northern Rhine-Westphalia, and Bremen were screened from May 1992 to April 1995. Of 229,078 investigated samples (100%), 228,245 (99.6%) were first, 657 (0.3%) were second, and 176 (0.08%) were third urine specimens. The compliance rate was 27.8%, but it continued to increase throughout the study period and in the last year it was 43.3%. The second screening offered at 18 months was accepted by only 12.1% (24,259) of the children. Thirty children underwent clinical examination, and nine asymptomatic neuroblastoma cases were detected (stage 1, n = 4; stage 2, n = 2; stage 3, n = 2; stage 4, n = 1; detection rate, 1:22,228). The results of 21 tests were false-positive. Ten children with false-negative test results presented 8 to 35 months later with neuroblastoma (stage 1 tumor, n = 1; stage 2, n = 1; stage 3, n = 1; stage 4, n = 7; five of nine tumors were N-myc–amplified tumors). Three children were nonsecretors at the time of diagnosis. Fifty-two patients were “missed” (not screened), and 37 children developed neuroblastoma before the age of screening (early cases). During the same period, a total of 23.6 cases per million children within the screening area and 24.0 cases per million children outside the screening area were diagnosed as neuroblastoma cases (not significant [NS]). In prescreening times in the area of the later screening states, 20.7 cases per million children were found (NS). CONCLUSION: Screening at 1 year of age demonstrated a lower detection rate than earlier screening programs and did not produce a “halo effect.” The good prognostic features of early-detected cases and the poor characteristics of not-detected-but-late-presenting cases corresponded to those of the related age groups.
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Nakano, Davi. "Digital music, online outlets and their business models." Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management 16, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.2019.v16.n4.a4.
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Goal: to describe the current configuration of digital music distribution, and to give an overview of the business practices adopted by digital music outlets.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Longitudinal study using descriptive statistics and cluster analysis on two datasets collected in 2011 and 2018.
Results: Three clusters were identified in 2011: paid download, music streaming, and video streaming. Data shows that, in 2018, although streaming was the predominant technical mode, many outlets still applied the paid download business model (BM), and that cluster presented the highest survival rate. Large outlets used streaming, but the specialized ones still adhered to download, and catalog specialization and consumer behavior are the explaining factors.
Limitations of the investigation: Data was gathered from 70 digital outlets operating in two major digital markets, USA and UK, but some large ones, such as Korea and Japan, were not analyzed.
Practical implications: While a dominant technology prevails on mass markets, old technologies can still be adopted in niche markets, due to market limitations and consumer behavior. Thus, even in concentrated markets, small competitors can benefit from exploring segments with special needs that are not addressed by large players.
Originality/Value: There are few quantitative studies and longitudinal analyses on digital music business models.