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1

Margaryan, Ashot, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Shanlin Liu, et al. "Recent mitochondrial lineage extinction in the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190, no. 1 (2020): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa004.

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Abstract The Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is one of five extant rhinoceros species and among the rarest large mammals on Earth. Once widespread across Southeast Asia, it is now on the verge of extinction, with only one wild population remaining (estimated at ~60 individuals) on the island of Java, Indonesia. To assess the past genetic diversity of the female lineage of R. sondaicus, we generated mitochondrial genome data from eight museum specimens dating back to the 19th century, before the range of the Javan rhinoceros was dramatically reduced, for comparison against mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of current R. sondaicus and other rhinoceros species. We succeeded in reconstructing five full and three partial ancient mitogenomes from the eight samples. We used BEAST to assess the phylogenetic relationship of the five extant rhinoceros species and the historical samples. The results show that the oldest and most diverse mtDNA lineages of R. sondaicus are found in historical samples, indicating a significant reduction of mtDNA diversity in modern Javan rhinos. We anticipate that the newly sequenced data will represent a useful resource for improving our understanding of evolutionary history of this species, should future studies be able to increase the available dataset. We hope this information may help in conservation efforts for this species.
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2

Groves, Colin P., and David M. Leslie. "Rhinoceros sondaicus (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)." Mammalian Species 43 (January 21, 2011): 190–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/887.1.

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3

Glaubrecht, Matthias, and Marco T. Neiber. "Museum specimens as Noah's Arc of lost genes. The case of a rhinoceros from Sumatra in the Zoological Museum Hamburg." Evolutionary Systematics 1 (December 22, 2017): 121–28. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.1.20172.

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Understanding past and present genetic diversity, in particular in endangered species such as the rhinoceroses, is of paramount importance for a series of aspects in natural history, evolutionary systematics and conservation. As it turned out from several recent studies even in eminent museum specimens the historical context including its provenance often remains unresolved. At the same time modern molecular genetic techniques make this material more and more available also for integrative studies. With probably less than fifty extant specimens, among the Asian rhinoceroses the Javan rhinoceros, Rhinoceros sondaicus, is one of the most critically endangered mammal species, rendering also each of its rare museum specimens of great significance. We here apply available DNA isolation and sequencing techniques to a horn of a specimen housed at the Zoological Museum in Hamburg with indication as to derive from the extinct conspecific Sumatra population. In comparison with already existing mitochondrial gene fragment sequence data of Asian rhino populations, we were able to verify the identification of this particular museum specimen as of the nearly equally rare Sumatran rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, instead as of the extremely rare R. sondaicus.
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4

Nardelli, Francesco, and Kurt Heißig. "A taxonomic review of the genus Rhinoceros with emphasis on the distinction of Eurhinoceros (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)." ZooKeys 1230 (March 6, 2025): 303–33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1230.127858.

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This study examines the ecomorphological characteristics of two Asian rhinoceros species: the critically endangered Sundaic rhinoceros and the vulnerable Indian rhinoceros. Among the five living rhinoceros taxa, the three Asian species are notable for their tusked incisors. Fossil evidence highlights the divergence between Rhinoceros and Eurhinoceros in cheek tooth morphology, linked to different dietary specialisations. The Sundaic rhinoceros, a generalist browser restricted to the Ujung Kulon peninsula of Java, exhibits distinctive features such as a grey hide with polygonal patterns, a typical 'saddle' on the nape, a slender head shape and a protrusion instead of a horn in females. The latter is a unique trait among Rhinocerotini species. In contrast, the Indian rhinoceros, a variable grazer, inhabits riverine grasslands in northern India and southern Nepal, displaying deep skin folds and tubercles. Ecological behaviours differ significantly, with the Sundaic rhinoceros being solitary wanderers and Indian rhinoceros forming temporary crashes. Both species possess unique adaptations for survival, emphasising the importance of understanding their systematics for effective conservation. The study further examines the interrelationships among the one-horned Asian species of the Rhinocerotidae family, highlighting their distinct features. The revision delves into skull morphology, dentition, and ecological dynamics, revealing evolutionary patterns and ancestral traits. Both single horned rhinoceroses went a separate and diverging way of evolution that was not triggered by geographical separation but by niche partitioning. Comparative analyses shed light on the evolutionary trajectory and ecological adaptations of each species. The fossils, the ecological and morphological adaptations of both species, suggest designating 'Rhinoceros' sondaicus as distinct from Rhinoceros unicornis, under the one-horned rhinoceros Eurhinoceros, as proposed by Gray (1868). Eurhinoceros sondaicus emerges as a persistently more primitive form.
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5

Cranbrook, Earl of, Philip J. Piper, and Keywords. "Short Communication: The Javan Rhinoceros Rhinoceros Sondaicus In Borneo." Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55, no. 1 (2007): 217–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5333012.

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Cranbrook, Earl of, Piper, Philip J., Keywords (2007): Short Communication: The Javan Rhinoceros Rhinoceros Sondaicus In Borneo. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55 (1): 217-220, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5333012
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6

Nardelli, Francesco, and Kurt Heißig. "A taxonomic review of the genus Rhinoceros with emphasis on the distinction of Eurhinoceros (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)." ZooKeys 1230 (March 6, 2025): 303–33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1230.127858.

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This study examines the ecomorphological characteristics of two Asian rhinoceros species: the critically endangered Sundaic rhinoceros and the vulnerable Indian rhinoceros. Among the five living rhinoceros taxa, the three Asian species are notable for their tusked incisors. Fossil evidence highlights the divergence between <i>Rhinoceros</i> and <i>Eurhinoceros</i> in cheek tooth morphology, linked to different dietary specialisations. The Sundaic rhinoceros, a generalist browser restricted to the Ujung Kulon peninsula of Java, exhibits distinctive features such as a grey hide with polygonal patterns, a typical 'saddle' on the nape, a slender head shape and a protrusion instead of a horn in females. The latter is a unique trait among Rhinocerotini species. In contrast, the Indian rhinoceros, a variable grazer, inhabits riverine grasslands in northern India and southern Nepal, displaying deep skin folds and tubercles. Ecological behaviours differ significantly, with the Sundaic rhinoceros being solitary wanderers and Indian rhinoceros forming temporary crashes. Both species possess unique adaptations for survival, emphasising the importance of understanding their systematics for effective conservation. The study further examines the interrelationships among the one-horned Asian species of the Rhinocerotidae family, highlighting their distinct features. The revision delves into skull morphology, dentition, and ecological dynamics, revealing evolutionary patterns and ancestral traits. Both single horned rhinoceroses went a separate and diverging way of evolution that was not triggered by geographical separation but by niche partitioning. Comparative analyses shed light on the evolutionary trajectory and ecological adaptations of each species. The fossils, the ecological and morphological adaptations of both species, suggest designating '<i>Rhinoceros</i>' <i>sondaicus</i> as distinct from <i>Rhinoceros unicornis</i>, under the one-horned rhinoceros <i>Eurhinoceros</i>, as proposed by Gray (1868). <i>Eurhinoceros sondaicus</i> emerges as a persistently more primitive form.
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7

Robovský, Jan, and Kees Rookmaaker. "Rhinoceros specimens included in anatomical and morphological studies by Professor Alexander J. E. Cave (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)." Lynx new series 53, no. 1 (2023): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/lynx.2022.022.

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Alexander James Edward Cave (1900–2001) was a superb anatomist who extensively improved our knowledge of rhinoceros anatomy and osteology; he also published several studies on the osteology of other groups of mammals and one conservation-focused study about numbers of Ceratotherium cottoni in Uganda. Our contribution contains an identification of the rhinoceros specimens examined by A. J. E. Cave, his complete bibliography related to rhinoceroses, and two recommendations in accord to his legacy. All Cave’s morphological and genetic studies should specify the exact geographic origin of the wild rhinoceroses, if known, and some unambiguous reference numbers in the case of collections and/or captive-based specimens. Cataloguing of extinct and near-extinct extant rhinoceroses in world collections, future preservation of the collection material and its anatomical/morphological documentation for the last remnants of Ceratotherium cottoni, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, as well as Rhinoceros sondaicus and localized wild-based specimens of Diceros bicornis is highly recommended.
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8

Cave, A. J. E. "An unrecorded specimen of the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)." Journal of Zoology 207, no. 4 (2009): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1985.tb04949.x.

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9

Santiapillai, Charles, and Hayani Suprahman. "The proposed translocation of the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus." Biological Conservation 38, no. 1 (1986): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(86)90016-9.

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10

Fernando, Prithiviraj, Gert Polet, Nazir Foead, Linda S. Ng, Jennifer Pastorini, and Don J. Melnick. "Genetic diversity, phylogeny and conservation of the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)." Conservation Genetics 7, no. 3 (2006): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9139-4.

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11

Rookmaaker, L. C. "Records of the Sundarbans rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis) in India and Bangladesh." Pachyderm 24 (December 30, 1997): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v24i1.903.

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12

Katanyuphan, Yada, Pipad Krajaejun, Athiwat Wattanapituksakul, and Wunrada Surat. "The First Report of Rhino DNA in Thailand: A Possible Extinct Indian Javan Subspecies, Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis." Animals 15, no. 12 (2025): 1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15121678.

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The Javan rhino is a critically endangered species that has become extinct in several Asian countries, including Thailand. There are three Javan rhino subspecies: Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus, R. s. annamiticus, and R. s. inermis, and the first two subspecies existed in Thailand decades ago. However, no genetic study on Thai rhinos has been reported. In this study, we amplified a partial D-loop region of two ancient rhino specimens dated to approximately 100 years before present, from southwest Thailand. Then, we constructed phylogenetic trees and a haplotype network based on the D-loop sequences of the Thai rhinos and 39 Javan, Sumatran, and Indian rhinos from the GenBank database. The ancient Thai rhino DNA belonged to Javan rhinos and was clearly separated from R. s. annamiticus and R. s. sondaicus. The nucleotide differences among the ancient Thai, R. s. annamiticus, and R. s. sondaicus rhino DNA were 5.14–8.30%, similar to those between two white rhino subspecies. Moreover, species delimitation analyses confirmed that the ancient Thai rhinos should belong to another Javan rhino subspecies, possibly the extinct Indian Javan rhino. This is the first report of rhino DNA from Thailand and possibly the Indian Javan rhino DNA, which could be used for evolutionary studies.
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13

Dittrich, Lothar. "The first painting of a Javan rhinoceros in Europe." Contributions to Zoology 67, no. 2 (1997): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-06702004.

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The Dutch painter Philips Angel (1616-1683) was born in Middelburg, the Netherlands, worked some time in Haarlem, but spent most of his time in his native city (Bol, 1949). He made a water-colour of the Javan one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822). Since the painting is so lifelike, it appears to have been drawn from a living specimen. Therefore, it could represent the first specimen of this rare species that ever reached Europe alive. The water-colour, now in a private collection, is signed but not dated by the painter. The painting must have been made between the years 1630, around which time the career of Angel began, and 1658, when a woodcut of the water-colour was printed. The water-colour was published by Müllenmeister (1978), but until now there has been no reference to it in the zoological literature dealing with the rhinoceroses in Europe. Nothing could be found in archives in the Netherlands concerning the origin and ultimate fate of that specimen of rhino.
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14

Hariyadi, Adhi, Ridwan Setiawan, Amir Daryan, Asep Yayus, and Hendra Purnama. "Preliminary behaviour observations of the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) based on video trap surveys in Ujung Kulon National Park." Pachyderm 47 (June 30, 2010): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v47i.216.

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The behaviours of ten critically endangered Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) were observed using video camera traps on the peninsula of Ujung Kulon National Park (06 o 38’30’–06 o 52’30’ south and 105 o 12’00’–105 o 37’30’ east), and were organized as descriptive lists of activities (ethogram). Behavioural data were analyzed by examining the length of time each individual rhino displayed a specific activity (duration). Duration of each activity was calculated as a proportion within a total observation time (length of rhino observation in video recording). In addition to duration, the frequency of each activity was recorded. A quantitative analysis summarizing duration and frequency of activities will be used as baseline information about Javan rhino behaviours that can enrich our knowledge of this reclusive species. The results from this study suggest that the use of video trap equipment for quantifying the behaviour of Javan rhinoceros is promising. On a observé les comportements de dix rhinocéros de Java (Rhinoceros sondaicus), espèce gravement menacée, en utilisant des pièges d’appareil vidéo sur la péninsule du Parc National d’Ujung Kulon (06o 38’30’-06o 52’30’ sud et 105o 12’00’-105o 37’30’ est) et on a les répertoriés en listes descriptives d’activités (éthogramme). On a analysé les données behavioristes en examinant la durée dans laquelle chaque rhinocéros individuel affichait une activité spécifique (durée). On a calculé la durée de chaque activité comme une proportion du temps total d’observation (longueur d’observation du rhinocéros dans l’enregistrement vidéo). En plus de la durée, on a enregistré la fréquence de chaque activité. Une analyse quantitative qui résume la durée et la fréquence des activités sera utilisée comme informations de référence sur le comportement du rhinocéros de Java qui peuvent enrichir nos connaissances de cette espèce recluse. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que l’utilisation de matériel de piège vidéo pour mesurer le comportement du rhinocéros de Java est prometteuse.
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Wilson, Steven Graham, Duan Biggs, and Salit Kark. "Protecting an icon: Javan rhinoceros frontline management and conservation." Oryx 56, no. 1 (2021): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531900139x.

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AbstractManagers of threatened species in remote protected areas play a pivotal role in shaping the outcomes of management and conservation programmes. The island of Java supports the last remaining population of the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus, a Critically Endangered megaherbivore with only 72 individuals persisting in the wild, in Ujung Kulon National Park. Substantial resources are being invested to manage the Javan rhinoceros and it is difficult to monitor it in the rainforest to assess whether management actions have been successful. Insights from frontline staff into the outcomes of past conservation actions and the future actions required may be key to enhancing the outcomes of conservation actions for threatened species. To study the perceptions of frontline staff towards the conservation of the Javan rhinoceros, management actions and their outcomes, we surveyed all 36-frontline staff in Ujung Kulon National Park. Although staff perceptions of conservation outcomes were generally positive, they noted key anthropogenic threats and challenges to rhinoceros protection inherent to the survival of the last Javan rhinoceros population. Staff identified increased threat of disease transfer from domestic stock to the rhinoceros, in spite of protective fencing, and the combined effects of illegal firewood collection and agricultural encroachment on rhinoceros habitat. Systematically recording and incorporating the perceptions of frontline staff in remote and often inaccessible protected areas can help identify important areas for future conservation and threat mitigation that can facilitate better protection for the Javan rhinoceros and other iconic species.
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Hariyadi, Adhi. "Analysis of nutritional quality and food digestibility in male Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park." Pachyderm 57 (July 21, 2016): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v57i.408.

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The Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is the rarest species of rhino. The last remaining wild population is found only in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Banten, Indonesia, where the conservation of its habitat is a crucial management priority. The Javan rhino is typically arbivorous, feeding on leaves, shoots and saplings. Three healthy male rhinoceros were observed as samples to study their home ranges, the nutritional quality and digestibility of food plants, and nutrient intake. Following the trails of Javan rhinoceros allowed in-depth observation of their feeding habits in their natural habitat. Comparing the acid insoluble ash (AIA) content of faeces and in the dry weight of food provided reliable estimates of digestibility, and this method has potential for wider application in situations where total collection of faecal matter is not feasible. There was a strong positive correlation between the size of home range and diversity of food intake, and between the size of home range with the numbers of wallow holes used. The quantity and quality of food intake were variable among rhinoceroses and over time. Overall energy consumption was related to the size of the animal, while the digestibility of plants consumed appeared to be influenced by individual age and habitat conditions. Analysis of patterns of consumption showed that rhinos generally selected the food that was most readily available. ‘Preferred’ food plants (e.g. Leea sambucina, Zanthoxylum rhetsa, and Diospyros macrophylla) were not among those identified in the UKNP as being most highly nutritious (e.g. Moringa citrifolia, Callicarpa longifolia, Chisocheton microcarphus). This discrepancy could suggest that the studied rhinoceros live in a nutritionally suboptimal habitat. Moreover, even if overall nutrition is adequate, marked fluctuations in nutrient intake over the mean that rhinos may face shortages of specific nutrients, especially fat, at certain times of the year. This is turn may affect the size of home ranges and limit the population density that can be supported by the habitat. Thus measures to improve habitat quality by planting nutritious food plants could make a significant contribution towards safeguarding the future of the last remaining wild population of Javan rhinoceros. Le rhinocéros de Java (Rhinoceros sondaicus) est l’espèce la plus rare des rhinocéros. La seule population sauvage se trouve uniquement au parc National d’Ujung Kulon (PNUK) à Banten, en Indonésie, où la conservation de son habitat est une priorité essentielle de la gestion. Le rhinocéros de Java est généralement arbivore. Il se nourrit de feuilles, de pousses et de jeunes arbres. On a observé trois rhinocéros mâles en bonne santé en tant qu’échantillons pour étudier leur habitat vital, la qualité nutritionnelle et la digestibilité des plantes alimentaires, et l’apport en matière nutritive. Le suivi des sentiers des rhinocéros de Java a permis l’observation en profondeur de leurs habitudes alimentaires dans leur habitat naturel. La comparaison de la teneur en cendres insolubles dans l’acide des matières fécales et du poids net de la nourriture a fourni des estimations fiables de digestibilité, et cette méthode a le potentiel d’une application plus large dans les situations où la collecte totale de matières fécales n’est pas possible. l y avait une forte corrélation positive entre la taille de l’habitat vital et la diversité de la quantité d’aliments et entre la taille de l’habitat vital et le nombre de trous de bourbe utilisés. La quantité et la qualité de l’apport alimentaire étaient variables parmi les rhinocéros et au fil du temps. La consommation globale de l’énergie est liée à la taille de l’animal, tandis que la digestibilité des plantes consommées semblait être influencée par l’âge de l’individu et les conditions de l’habitat. L’analyse des modes de consommation a montré que les rhinocéros choisissaient généralement la nourriture qui était la plus facilement disponible. Les plantes alimentaires « préférées » (par exemple Leea sambucina, Zanthoxylum rhetsa et Diospyros macrophylla) ne figuraient pas parmi celles identifiées dans le PNUK comme ayant la plus haute valeur nutritive (par exemple Moringa Morinda, Callicarpa longifolia, Chisocheton microcarphus). Cela pourrait suggérer que les rhinocéros étudiés vivaient dans un habitat sous-optimal sur le plan nutritionnel. En outre, même si la nutrition générale était adéquate, les fluctuations marquées dans l’apport en matière nutritive pourraient montrer que les rhinocéros feraient face à la pénurie de matières nutritives spécifiques, en particulier la graisse, à certains moments de l’année. Cela pourrait affecter la taille des habitats vitaux et limiter la densité de la population pouvant vivre dans cet habitat. Ainsi des mesures visant à améliorer la qualité de l’habitat par la plantation de plantes alimentaires nutritives pourraient contribuer de façon significative à la sauvegarde de l’avenir de la dernière population sauvage restante du rhinocéros de Java.
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POCOCK, R. I. "Some Structural Variations in the Second Upper Premolar of the Lesser One-horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 115, no. 3-4 (2009): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1946.tb00093.x.

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18

Brook, S. M., P. van Coeverden de Groot, C. Scott, et al. "Integrated and novel survey methods for rhinoceros populations confirm the extinction of Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus from Vietnam." Biological Conservation 155 (October 2012): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.008.

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Virtriana, R., T. S. Anggraini, K. T. N. Ihsan, D. A. Retnowati, P. Rohayani, and A. B. Harto. "THE LAND COVER CHANGE EFFECT FOR JAVAN RHINOCEROS SITE SUITABILITY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-3-2023 (September 5, 2023): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-3-2023-255-2023.

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Abstract. The Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is one of the endemic animals in Java, Indonesia, which is currently threatened with extinction and is included in the 25 species program as the top priority for the Indonesian government. In 2021 the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry said that only 75 Javan rhinos remained in Ujung Kulon National Park in Banten Province. Ujung Kulon National Park is the primary habitat of the Javan rhino, so it requires special attention to protect this habitat. One of the reasons for the reduced population of the Javan rhinoceros is the diminishing availability of habitat. Habitat reduction occurs due to changes in land cover due to human activities. This study aims to identify changes in the habitat suitability of the Javan rhinoceros due to human pressure. Parameters of human pressure will be identified using changes in land cover in 2000 and 2018. Remote sensing and GIS technology will be used to monitor habitat suitability for endemic animals over a large area and a long time. The Javan rhino habitat suitability analysis in 2000 and 2018 will integrate geographical, environmental, and meteorological parameters. The MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) method will determine a decision from several suitability parameters. Based on observations of human activities parameters, there have been significant changes to land cover from 2000–2018, especially in residential areas, which negatively impacted the suitability of the Javan Rhino's habitat. The results of this study can identify priority areas that require protective action for the Javan Rhinoceros habitat. This research is expected to be the basis for protecting endangered endemic animals, especially the Javan Rhinoceros, so their habitat is preserved.
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Brook, Sarah Maria, Nigel Dudley, Simon Peter Mahood, et al. "Lessons learned from the loss of a flagship: The extinction of the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus from Vietnam." Biological Conservation 174 (June 2014): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.03.014.

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Hariyadi, Adhi, Agus Priambudi, Ridwan Setiawan, Daryan Daryan, Asep Yayus, and Hendra Purnama. "Estimating the population structure of Javan rhinos (Rhinoceros sondaicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park using the mark- recapture method based on video and camera trap identification." Pachyderm 49 (June 30, 2011): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v49i.254.

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The population structure of the Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park (NP) in Banten, Indonesia was assessed using visual identification and mark-recapture estimation. The software program CAPTURE was used for selecting the best fit estimator for the mark-recapture calculation and yields M(th) as the best model. The software results delivered a mean estimation of 32 rhinos (a minimum of 29 and maximum of 47 rhinos) with a 95% confidence level based on the dataset obtained from April 2008 to September 2009. The visual identification suggests that the current population in Ujung Kulon NP is male biased by a 3:2 sex ratio of males versus females. The demography shows that the population consists of mainly adult individuals that have a tendency of 1% population growth per year. Key words: Javan rhino, population, mark-recapture, population estimation, camera trap La structure de la population du rhinocéros de Java (Rhinoceros sondaicus) dans le parc national d’Ujung Kulon à Banten en Indonésie a été évaluée en utilisant l’identification visuelle et une estimation de capture-marquage-recapture. Le logiciel CAPTURE a été utilisé comme le meilleur modèle pour sélectionner le meilleur estimateur propre au calcul et aux rendements M (th) de capture-marquage-recapture. Les résultats du logiciel ont donné une estimation moyenne de 32 rhinocéros (un minimum de 29 et un maximum de 47 rhinocéros) avec un niveau de confiance de 95% d’après la série de données obtenues d’avril 2008 à septembre 2009. L’identification visuelle suggère que la population actuelle dans le parc national d’Ujung Kulon est biaisée en faveur des mâles avec un rapport de 3 mâles contre 2 femelles. La démographie montre que la population se compose principalement d’individus adultes qui ont une tendance de croissance de 1% par an.
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Berkmüller, Klaus, Tom Evans, Rob Timmins, and Vene Vongphet. "Recent advances in nature conservation in the Lao PDR." Oryx 29, no. 4 (1995): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021244.

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The Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) has long been a white spot on maps depicting national parks and similar protected areas. This changed dramatically with the official declaration in October 1993 of 18 protected areas covering over 10 per cent of the country's land surface. Among the countries of South East Asia Lao PDR now ranks among those with the highest proportion of land under legal protection. The political climate seems favourable and additional areas may still be added. System planning and, increasingly now, the management of declared areas has been carried out by the Protected Areas and Wildlife Division of the Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management (PAWM), Forest Department, with funding by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and technical support from IUCN-The World Conservation Union. Some of the most vulnerable species, such as the Javan rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus, may already be extirpated, but most species and ecosystems have good prospects of survival if management of the reserves and some wider conservation initiatives can be implemented.
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Harjanto, Eric. "On Territorial Competition between Rhinoceros Sondaicus and Bos Javanicus at Ujung Kulon National Park." Communication in Biomathematical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/cbms.2017.1.1.4.

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Finlayson, H. H. "Note on the cranial and dental characters of a specimen of rhinoceros sondaicus Desm." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 120, no. 1 (2009): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1950.tb01467.x.

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Hariyadi, Adhi, Agus Priambudi, Ridwan Setiawan, Daryan, Hendra Purnama, and Asep Yayus. "Optimizing the habitat of the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) in Ujung Kulon National Park by reducing the invasive palm Arenga obtusifolia." Pachyderm 52 (December 31, 2012): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v52i.306.

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The dominance of the arenga palm had been identified as a potential limiting factor in the distribution of Javan rhinos because it prevented the growth of food plant species, thus created a nutrition-poor area in which rhinos roamed. Palm dominance was reduced in an area consisting of four 1-ha plots (assigned as plots A–D) that was selected on the basis of various ecological criteria such as number of palm trees (shading) and potential for connecting home ranges of several rhinos. The research was carried in two phases—palm control and monitoring—to study the impact of palm control on the growth of food plants and, consequently, on the area’s accessibility by rhinos. Palm control resulted in increasing abundance and diversity of food plants for rhinos, and increasing visitation by rhinos. Results from this research show that controlling palm and other invasive plant species can potentially be used to improve the Javan rhinoceros’s accessibility to certain areas within the habitat. La domination du palmier Arenga avait été identifié come un facteur limitatif potentiel dans la distribution des rhinocéros de Java, car il empêche la croissance des espèces de plantes alimentaires et crée une zone « pauvre en nurition » pour les rhinocéros. La réduction de la domination du palmier s’est effectuée dans une zone composée de quatre parcelles d’un ha sélectionées sur base de divers critères écologiques tels que le nombre de palmiers (ombrage) et le potentiel de relier les habitats vitaux de plusieurs rhinocéros. La recherche a été effectuée en deux phases—le contrôle de palmier Arenga a entraîné une augmentation de l’abondance et de la diversité des plantes alimentaires pour les rhinocéros ainsi qu’une augmentaiton de la fréquentation par les rhinocéros. Le résultat de cette recherche montre que le contrôle du palmier et des autres espèces de plantes envahissantes pourrait être utilisé pour améliorer l’accessibilité des rhinocéros à certaines zones au sein de leur habitat.
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Rahmat, U. M., Y. Santosa, L. B. Prasetyo, and A. P. Kartono. "Habitat Suitability Modeling of Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822) in Ujung Kulon National Park." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 18, no. 2 (2012): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.18.2.129.

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Putra, Widya Pintaka Bayu, Mochamad Syamsudin, and Asep Yayus Firdaus. "Population Structure Analysis of Javan Rhinoceros at Ujung Kulon National Park, West Java." Buletin Plasma Nutfah 26, no. 2 (2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v26n2.2020.p103-108.

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&lt;p&gt;Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is one of the rare animals with critically endangered status. The Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP) is one of javan rhino habitat in Indonesia. Every year the monitoring program for javan rhino in UKNP was performed to identify the animals. This research was aimed to analyze the population structure of javan rhino based on the records data from 2011 to 2019 in UKNP. Research showed that the natural increase (NI) and birth rate (BR) values were 17.34% (moderate) and 67.33% (high) respectively. The net return rate (NRR) value was 15.38% (male) and 14.28% (female). The NRR value in the present study was lower than 100% and caused by less number of animals in a population for 30 years of breeding length. Despite this, the inbreeding rate of javan rhino at UKNP in 2019 was 0.01 (low). It was concluded that the natural increase of javan rhino at UKNP showed a good parameter but the population number needs to be increased.&lt;/p&gt;
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Santosa, Y., U. M. Rahmat, L. B. Prasetyo, and A. P. Kartono. "Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822) Utilization Distribution and Habitat Selection in Ujung Kulon National Park." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 19, no. 1 (2013): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.19.1.31.

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Rookmaaker, Kees. "The hornless rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis Lesson, 1836) discovered by Lamare-Picquot in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh in 1828, with notes on the history of his Asian collections." Mammalia 84, no. 1 (2019): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0200.

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Abstract The French pharmacist and explorer Christoph-Augustin Lamare-Picquot (1785–1873) was in South Asia during 1826–1829 to collect ethnographical, anthropological, zoological and botanical specimens. He made an excursion to the Sundarbans (the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta) of Bangladesh, where on 17 November 1828 his team shot a female rhinoceros and caught her young one the next day, just south of Khulna. Both animals were completely hornless. He returned to France in the spring of 1830, where his zoological specimens were assessed by Georges Cuvier, and his other collections relating to ethnography by other scholars. All recommended purchase by the French Government, but circumstances did not allow this. A few animals were described by scientists connected with the Natural History Museum in Paris. After Lamare-Picquot published an account of the hunting expedition in 1835, the rhinoceros was described as a new species Rhinoceros inermis, by René-Primivère Lesson, first in a supplement to Buffon dated 1836, and not, as accepted until now, in restatements dating from 1838 or later. The main part of the zoological collection was bought by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III in 1836 and integrated in museums in Berlin. Other collections were exhibited as a “Panthéon Indien” in Vienna and Bratislava from 1838, until they were purchased by the Bavarian King Ludwig in 1841, and added to a museum in Munich. The type specimens of R. inermis are still preserved in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. The adult female (ZMB_Mam_1957) was selected as the lectotype.
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Polet, G., Van Tran, Xuan Nguyen, Huu Bui, and M. Baltzer. "The Javan rhinos, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: current status and management implications." Pachyderm 27 (December 30, 1999): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v27i1.970.

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Khairani, Kurnia Oktavia, Daryl Nydam, M. Julia Felippe, et al. "SURVEILLANCE FOR HEMORRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA IN BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) AS AN AID TO RANGE EXPANSION OF THE JAVAN RHINOCEROS (RHINOCEROS SONDAICUS) IN UJUNG KULON NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 54, no. 1 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2015-07-183.

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Lievianto, Kent Vin, and Yana Erlyana. "The Design of 3D Virtual Reality Animation of Javan Rhino for Educational Media of Endangered Animals in Indonesia." Teknika 13, no. 2 (2024): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34148/teknika.v13i2.897.

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Indonesia is one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world. Indonesia has very rich biodiversity but is facing serious threats. Many endemic species are threatened with extinction due to factors such as climate change, habitat loss, illegal trade and poaching. This research highlights the urgent need for education about endangered animals, with a focus on the Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Sondaicus) which is categorized as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This research was created for Animalium, a research facility under the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), which still lacks interactive Virtual Reality media for education. The main aim of this research is to design a 3D VR animation about the Javan Rhino to increase education and awareness about its conservation. Interviews with educators at Animalium revealed the need for such a medium to prevent damage to physical replicas and to engage visitors, especially children, in a more immersive and interactive learning experience. Observations showed that there were no 3D VR-based educational tools in the facility. The implementation of VR technology has the potential to significantly increase visitor engagement and experiences regarding the conservation of endangered species, in line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to terrestrial ecosystems. This research highlights the potential of VR to provide immersive and interactive educational experiences, increase public awareness, and support wildlife conservation efforts, especially the Javan Rhino. The result of this design is an Unreal Engine project file that can be used in Animalium to create an immersive and interactive educational experience, increase public awareness, and support wildlife conservation efforts, especially the Javan Rhino.
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Lopatin, A. V., E. N. Maschenko, Xuan Dac Le, et al. "Pleistocene Lang Trang fauna in North Vietnam: taxonomic composition and habitats." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ nhiệt đới 32 (September 2023): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58334/vrtc.jtst.n32.04.

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New data on the taxonomic composition and ecological characteristics of Late Pleistocene vertebrates and invertebrates from the Lang Trang cave in northern Vietnam are presented. Based on the materials collected in progress of the work of the Joint Vietnam - Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center in 2020-2022, various representatives of the Stegodon-Ailuropoda Fauna of the second half of the Middle - early Late Pleistocene of Southeast Asia were identified, including primates Gigantopithecus blacki, Pongo sp., Trachypithecus sp., Presbytis sp., Macaca nemestrina, M. cf. fascicularis, M. cf. mulatta, and Macaca sp., carnivorans Panthera tigris, Neofelis nebulosa, and Arctonyx collaris rostratus, a lipotyphlan Chodsigoa hoffmanni, a bat Ia io, rodents Hystrix kiangsenensis, Leopoldamys neilli, and Rattus rattus, proboscideans Stegodon sp. and Elephas maximus, perissodactyls Tapirus indicus, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Rhinoceros sondaicus, and Rh. unicornis, artiodactyls Sus scrofa, S. barbatus, Tragulus kanchil, Hydropotes inermis, Muntiacus muntjak, Axis porcinus, Rusa unicolor, Capricornis sumatraensis, Bubalus arnee, and Bos sp., a crocodile Crocodylus sp., a turtle Cuora sp. and an abundant gastropod association, presented by six terrestrial forms, two freshwater species and a coastal-marine species Ellobium aurismidae. Gigantopithecus blacki, Macaca cf. fascicularis, M. cf. mulatta, Neofelis nebulosa, Chodsigoa hoffmanni, Ia io, Leopoldamys neilli, Rattus rattus, Rhinoceros unicornis, Sus barbatus, Tragulus kanchil, Hydropotes inermis, Axis porcinus, crocodiles, turtles, and most of gastropod species were identified for the first time in the Lang Trang Fauna based on these studies. Of particular interest is the finding of the giant ape G. blacki, one of the latest in the fossil record. The habitats of the fauna are characterized as mosaic biotopes with a predominance of wet stations and the participation of mangrove swamps and coastal lowlands; these conditions could have existed in the area of the cave during a major marine transgression of the early Late Pleistocene.
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Harjanto, Eric, and Respati Mentari. "On Competition between Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros Sondaicus) and Javan Bull (Bos Javanicus) at Ujung Kulon National Park with Allee Effect." Communication in Biomathematical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/cbms.2019.2.1.5.

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35

Pratiwi, Zulia, Diva Novi Sandrian, Ayu Octavia, et al. "Inventory of Large Mammals in Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten Province." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 21, no. 2 (2023): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.21.2.134-143.

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The National Park has a diverse ecosystem for the preservation of flora and fauna, making Ujung Kulon National Park a habitat for endemic and protected fauna. Large mammals are one of the many animals found in TNUK, especially those with protected status. This study aims to determine the diversity of large mammal species in Ujung Kulon National Park. The research was conducted on September 27–29, 2022, in Ujung Kulon National Park, which is located at the western tip of Java Island, precisely in Sumur and Cimanggu Districts, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. The method used was the cruising method using exploratory descriptive data analysis. The results showed that there were two types of large mammals, namely ungulate mammals and primate mammals. The number obtained was 10 types of mammal species belonging to 7 different families. Large mammals found include Rhinoceros sondaicus, Muntiacus muntjak, Cervus timorensis, Hyolobates moloch, Presbytis comata, Trachypitecus auratus, Macaca fascicularis, Sus scrofa, Tragulus javanicus, and Bubalus bubalis. Most of the large mammals found are endemic mammals with protected status. Of the large mammals found, the most common were hoofed mammals. With this study, the public has an awareness of the importance of maintaining the diversity of fauna and flora in Ujung Kulon National Park
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Sumunar, D. R. S., M. A. Salsabila, S. Fitriana, and H. A. Hamid. "Landsat-8 Multispectral Satellite Imagery for Rhinoceros Sondaicus Habitat Spatial Distribution Modelling through Biophysical Parameters in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 286 (June 28, 2019): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/286/1/012044.

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Wandani, Ratu Aprillya, Rahmat Asy’Ari, Yudi Setiawan, and Anggodo Anggodo. "Deteksi Ekspansi Padi pada Lanskap Hutan di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Indonesia Menggunakan Algoritma RF dan Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrumen." National Multidisciplinary Sciences 1, no. 2 (2022): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/nms.v1i2.64.

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Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (TNUK) merupakan taman nasional tertua yang berada di Pulau Jawa dan diresmikan sebagai salah satu warisan dunia oleh UNESCO untuk melindungi satwa terancam punah yaitu badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus). Akan tetapi, adanya area pertanian padi milik masyarakat setempat di dalam kawasan TNUK yang merupakan salah satu ancaman yang dapat mengakibatkan terfragmentasinya kawasan hutan TNUK. Hal ini diproyeksikan akan berdampak terhadap upaya perlindungan habitat badak jawa serta satwa terancam punah lainya. Oleh karena itu, teknologi geospasial dilibatkan dalam proses identifikasi area pertanian di dalam kawasan konservasi TNUK. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan sumber citra Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) dan proses analisisnya melalui platform berbasis cloud computing Google Earth Engine (GEE). Area pertanian diidentifikasi menggunakan algoritma machine learning berupa Random Forest (RF) dan algoritma Indeks seperti MNDVI, EVI, SAVI, IBI, ARVI, SLAVI, NDBI, LSWI, MNDWI, dan ANDWI. Klasifikasi menunjukan bahwa terdapat 1.556,82 ha (2,54%) lahan pertanian padi milik masyarakat yang tumpang tindih dengan batas kawasan hutan konservasi TNUK. Nilai akurasi yang didapatkan dari integrasi data geospasial ini berkisar di angka 93,00 (OA) dan 0,87 (KS) sehingga dapat mengestimasi luasan ekspansi area pertanian dengan tepat. Area pertanian padi ini menjadi permasalahan yang sangat serius terutama pihak TNUK dan masyarakat setempat. Oleh karena itu, permasalahan ini membutuhkan solusi yang mempertimbangkan fungsi dari taman nasional dan kesejahteran masyarakat setempat terutama para petani di dalam kawasan TNUK. Diharapkan dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan bagi pemerintah setempat dan sebagai referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya.
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Wilson, Steven G., Georgina Hockings, Jo-Anne M. Deretic, and Salit Kark. "More than just mud: the importance of wallows to Javan rhino ecology and behaviour." Pachyderm 61 (November 11, 2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v61i.10.

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All members of the family Rhinocerotidae have the need to wallow in mud or water to protect their skin from sun damage, remove ectoparasites and for thermoregulation purposes. Just 72 wild Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) remain on the planet, all located in their last stronghold in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), West Java, Indonesia. Javan rhinos need to wallow regularly throughout the year, yet the role wallows play in their behaviour and the importance to the species remains little understood. In this study, we identified, mapped and studied 35 wallows in eastern UKNP, where rhinos were active. We spatially mapped and recorded each wallow’s characteristics. We examined rhino wallowing behaviour using 392 remote camera trap videos, taken across UKNP during a five-year study from 2011 to 2016. We identified and categorised eight behavioural patterns at and near wallows related to rhino daily activities and found that wallows have several key features for the Javan rhinos. Findings revealed that Javan rhinos, who construct the wallows themselves, choose sites with 75% shade cover and often at an elevation. Analysis of the rhino calls from camera trap videos taken at and near wallows, identify seven vocalisation descriptors with accompanying sonograms, a first for this rare and shy rainforest species. We discovered that Javan rhino utilise wallows not only for thermoregulatory function, but also as sites of interaction and communication. This has important implications for conservation and potential translocation of rhinos, which will require finding sites with suitability for the construction of wallows. Tous les membres de la famille des rhinocérotidés ont besoin de se vautrer dans la boue ou l'eau pour protéger leur peau des dommages du soleil, éliminer les ectoparasites et à des fins de thermorégulation. Il ne reste que 72 rhinocéros de Java (Rhinoceros sondaicus) sauvages sur la planète, tous situés dans leur dernier bastion du parc national d'Ujung Kulon (UKNP), à West Java, en Indonésie. Les rhinocéros de Java doivent se vautrer régulièrement tout au long de l'année, cependant le rôle des mares boueuses dans leur comportement et leur importance pour l'espèce restent peu compris. Dans cette étude, nous avons identifié, cartographié et étudié 35 mares boueuses dans l'est de l’UKNP, où les rhinocéros étaient actifs. Nous avons cartographié spatialement et enregistré les caractéristiques de chaque mare. Nous avons examiné le comportement des rhinocéros se vautrant dans la boue en utilisant 392 vidéos de pièges photographiques à déclenchement à distance, vidéos prises sur l’ensemble de l'UKNP au cours d'une étude de cinq ans de 2011 à 2016. Nous avons identifié et catégorisé huit modèles de comportements à proximité de et aux mares boueuses liées aux activités quotidiennes des rhinocéros et nous avons constaté que les mares boueuses ont plusieurs caractéristiques clés pour les rhinocéros de Java. Les résultats ont révélé que les rhinocéros de Java, qui construisent eux-mêmes les mares, choisissent des sites à 75% d'ombre et souvent en altitude. L’analyse des appels vocaux enregistrés dans les vidéos prises à l’aide de pièges photographiques à proximité de et aux mares boueuses, identifie sept descripteurs de vocalisation accompagnés de leurs sonogrammes, une première pour cette espèce rare et timide habitant en forêt tropicale. Nous avons découvert que le rhinocéros de Java utilise les mares non seulement pour leur fonction thermorégulatrice, mais aussi comme sites d'interaction et de communication. Cela a des implications importantes pour la conservation et le transfert potentiel des rhinocéros, et nécessitera de trouver des sites convenant à la construction de mares boueuses.
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Strien, Nico J. van, and Kees Rookmaaker. "The impact of the Krakatoa eruption in 1883 on the population of Rhinoceros sondaicus in Ujung Kulon, with details of rhino observations from 1857 to 1949." Journal of Threatened Taxa 2, no. 1 (2010): 633–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2267.633-68.

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Strien, Nico J. van, and Kees Rookmaaker. "The impact of the Krakatoa eruption in 1883 on the population of Rhinoceros sondaicus in Ujung Kulon, with details of rhino observations from 1857 to 1949." Journal of Threatened Taxa 02, no. 01 (2010): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.o2267.633-8.

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BEDDARD, FRANK E., and FREDERICK TREVES. "IX. On the Anatomy of the Sondaic Rhinoceros." Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 12, no. 5 (2010): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1886.tb00012.x.

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42

"Rhinoceros sondaicus." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.65971.

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43

Stone, Montana M., Herry Afriandi, Firmanto Noviar Suwanda, et al. "Symbiosis between the Javan rhinoceros and slender‐billed crow: A novel inferred cleaning mutualism." Ecology and Evolution 14, no. 9 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70224.

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AbstractOver the past century, the Javan rhinoceroses' (Rhinoceros sondaicus) secluded nature and low population size have led to a gap in knowledge of their ecology. With fewer than 80 individuals surviving in a single population in West Java, Indonesia, the Javan rhinoceros is one of the most critically endangered mammals in the world. As part of a pilot bioacoustics study of the Javan rhinoceros in 2019, we systematically reviewed camera trap footage from the core Javan rhinoceros range in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP). In doing so, we discovered a previously unknown interaction between the Javan rhinoceros and the slender‐billed crow (Corvus enca), in which the crow finds and eats ectoparasites from the rhinoceros (Figure 1). We describe this interaction and suggest that it may represent a cleaning mutualism with benefits for both the crow and the rhinoceros.
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Poole, Colin M., and John W. Duckworth. "A documented 20th century record of Javan Rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus from Cambodia." Mammalia 69, no. 3-4 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mamm.2005.039.

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45

Dang, Nguyen Xuan, and Ha Van Tue. "Study of vietnamese Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus) food plants in the Cat Tien national park, Vietnam." TAP CHI SINH HOC 27, no. 3 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v27n3.5271.

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46

Silawane, Nira Zulifa, Fachruddin Majeri Mangunjaya, Tatang Mitra Setia, and Gugah Praharawati. "Perubahan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Partisipasi Masyarakat Islam dalam Upaya Konservasi di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, Banten." Himmah: Jurnal Kajian Islam Kontemporer 6, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/jkik.v6i2.2037.

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Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang mempunyai tantangan keterancaman lingkungan yang tinggi, terutama kepunahan jenis dan kerusakan habitat, yang mengakibatkan menurunnya tingkat keanekaragaman hayati. Salah satu penyebab utama kepunahan satwa di Indonesia adalah kurangnya pengawasan terhadap sumber daya alam, di sisi lain pertumbuhan penduduk yang kian pesat dapat meningkatkan segala kebutuhan hidup, hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya alih fungsi lahan, perburuan liar serta penebangan hutan secara besar besaran oleh masyarakat pedesaan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya sebagai manusia. Desa-Desa yang berbatasan langsung dengan kawasan Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (TNUK) Banten yakni Desa Ujung Jaya Kecamatan Sumur, Sebagian besar masyarakat Ujung Kulon sulit untuk mengakses kebutuhan dasar, sehingga potensi hutan di ujung kulon menjadi pilihan untuk menggantungkan sumber kehidupan masyarakat. Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang satwa dilindungi juga menjadi kesempatan bagi pelaku perburuan liar sering kali memanfaatkan masyarakat baik dengan mendanai perburuan maupun menampung satwa liar hasil buruan masyarakat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan mengetahui perubahan pengetahaun, sikap dan praktik konservasi masyarakat muslim melalui penyampaian Fatwa MUI no 4 Tahun 2014. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara membagikan kuesioner kemudian jawaban responden dianalisa menggunakan program SPSS untuk mengetahui nilai tanggapan yang diperoleh responden dari setiap pertanyaan dalam kuesioner. Presentase nilai Tanggapan “ Sangat baik” dengan memperoleh nilai mean pada setiap pertanyaan sebanyak 6,81 yakni masuk pada kategori sangat tinggi, sehigga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi perbuahan pengetahuan, sikap dan partisipasi konservasi pada masyarakat muslim dalam upaya konservasi di ujung kulon.Kata Kunci: Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus), Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon Banten, Muslim Coummunity.
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