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Kemock, Kathleen Clare. "The Rhinoceros in 2006 a dramaturgical analysis of Eugene Ionesco's Rhinoceros /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1177080180.
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Kemock, Kathleen Clare. "The Rhinoceros in 2006: A Dramaturgical Analysis of Eugene Ionesco’s Rhinoceros." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1177080180.
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Thapa, Vivek. "Analysis of the One-Horned Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros Unicornis) Habitat in the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4926/.
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This study analyzes the remaining suitable habitat of the one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis, in Royal Chitwan National Park of Nepal. An April 2003 Landsat image was classified into eight land cover types: wetland, sand, water, mixed forest, sal forest, agriculture, settlement, and grassland. This image was converted into habitat suitability maps using cover, food, and water. The rhinoceros prefers grassland habitat with oxbow lakes and closed canopy during the monsoon season. Nominal values of five parameters were used to create a map of habitat suitability index. The map was categorized into four habitat classes: highly unsuitable, unsuitable, moderately suitable habitat, and suitable. Landscape metrics, patch metrics and class metrics associated with habitat were determined through the use of FRAGSTATS.
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Haberlin, Chelsea. "Rhinoceros in the round : a directorial analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44399.
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This thesis explores the directorial challenges of staging Eugene Ionesco's Rhinoceros in the round. It examines the theme of individuals seeking refuge from personal pain and disappointment in collective ideologies through unique contemporary staging and audience immersion. Rhinoceros was presented as part of UBC Theatre's 2012/2013 season running January 24 to February 9,2013.
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Lamsal, Saraswati. "The park-people conflict in the Chitwan National Park with reference to the Asiatic one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19955.
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The lack of access to forest resources for the rural community residing in the buffer zones of national parks has created conflict between the national parks, the people residing in these areas and wildlife. People residing in the buffer zone of national parks incur losses due to the wildlife, which can impact both crops and human lives. This study focused on the attitudes, acceptance and knowledge level of people living near the park to explore the conflict between them and one of the endangered animals, the ‘Rhinoceros unicornis’. A questionnaire survey was randomly administered to 200 households in 16 Buffer Zone Village Development Committees and two municipalities of the Chitwan National Park. The survey represented two categories of households, those that were >2 Km and those that were <2 Km from the park boundaries. Socio-economic status variables such as tribe, education, occupation, household annual income, landownership and dependencies on the National Park forest and Buffer zone forest were used to interpret the results. The analysis of results showed a prevalence of negative attitudes that stemmed from (1) the distance: people living closer to the national park boundary reported rhino damaged the most crops near the national park; (2) a lack of compensation for crop losses; (3) indigenous people (e.g., Tharus) living closer to the National Park who traditionally have higher dependencies on the forest resources and (4) households with low income relying heavily on the forest resources of the National Park. However, the increase in the rhino population in the latest census showed an increased level of awareness among the park people living near the park. These findings were corroborated in this study because people emphasised the conservation of the rhino, which showed a positive attitude towards rhino. Ultimately, the impact of the rhino on human settlements and livelihoods and vice versa is an on-going conflict that needs to be resolved to preserve the existence of the rhino in Nepal’s protected areas. The role of the government, the National Park authority, and different International and National government organisations are necessary to enhance the livelihoods of people surrounding the national park and to govern wildlife conservation.
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O'Ryan, Colleen. "The biochemical analysis of southern African rhinoceros populations." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27118.
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The drastic decline in the numbers of the five extant species of rhinoceroses world-wide, mainly as a result of poaching, have placed these species in imminent danger of extinction. This emphasizes the need to understand the relationships among the different species of rhinoceros. The advances in molecular biology have allowed the application of DNA-based genetic techniques to address a number of aspects of rhinoceros biology which have both academic interest and practical value to conservation management. There are four aspects to this study: Firstly, restriction endonuclease maps of mitochondrial DNA were constructed to estimate the time of divergence of Diceros bicornis (black rhinoceros) and Ceratotherium simum (white rhinoceros) from their common ancestor. Secondly, a population genetic study of the relationships among four subspecies of D. bicornis. Thirdly, the application of DNA fingerprinting to examine the intra- and inter-population relatedness in D. bicornis populations. Fourthly, a practical application of PCR to identify the origin of an unknown sample of DNA.
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Norman, Matthew Maynard. "Movement in the round : scenography for Eugène Ionesco’s Rhinoceros." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44255.
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Eugène Ionesco’s Rhinoceros was presented as part of UBC Theatre’s 2012/2013 season, running January 24 to February 9, 2013. It was directed by Chelsea Haberlin with costumes by Christina Dao and sound design by Wonkyoon Han. This report documents the set and lighting, designed by Matthew Norman, discussing the advantages and challenges of performing the play in the round rather than in a proscenium as specified in the stage directions.
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Cain, Bradley. "Conservation genetics of enclosed black rhinoceros populations in Kenya." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2012. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/315691/.
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Population size is a major determinant of extinction risk with small populations experiencing an inherently higher risk of extinction due to genetic threats and stochastic fluctuations in survival, fecundity and environmental conditions. For many species, natural populations are experiencing a dramatic decline in numbers and distribution as a direct result of human activities. The severity of the threats facing some species necessitates the movement of remaining individuals into protected areas or captive breeding programs where resources can be concentrated to promote recovery. Moreover, increasing levels of population fragmentation has led to metapopulation management being regarded as an integral part of many conservation strategies, particularly for large vertebrates. The translocation of individuals between populations across an inhospitable matrix is often needed to offset the detrimental effects of small population size and to maintain natural evolutionary processes. Whilst the benefits of active conservation management involving the mixing of individuals from hitherto isolated populations has been demonstrated in a number of cases, the impact on historic population structure and the potential for outbreeding depression is often poorly understood. Moreover an increasing body of theoretical and empirical work is demonstrating that mate selective choices are mediated not only by additive effects but by non-additive effects, most specifically the amount of genetic similarity between individuals. Recent studies on natural populations have demonstrated that there is a fitness cost associated with choosing maximally dissimilar mates and that even for intrapopulation breeding, individuals exercise a preference for mates of intermediate similarity. Populations subject to active conservation management are typically small admixed populations where individuals are presented with a limited number of potential mates, representing a greater spectrum of genetic divergence than would typically be present in non-managed populations. With many in situ and ex situ conservation programs reporting poor population growth rates linked to low or declining reproduction understanding the genetic influences on mate choice in these populations is potentially of great importance. This thesis examines (1) the effects of active conservation management on levels of genetic diversity and (2) historic population structure in the eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli). It also examines the relative influences of additive and non-additive effects on female mate choice in this actively managed conservation priority species. The eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) has been subject to one viii of the severest human induced declines of any mammalian species. The subspecies formally ranged across East Africa from northern Tanzania to Somalia, with its largest populations in Kenya. A significant increase in poaching of rhinoceros for their horn during the 1970s and 1980s eliminated D. b. michaeli from Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda and Rwanda. Extensive populations in Tanzania were reduced to just two small populations and the subspecies was reduced from an estimated Kenyan population of 20,000 in 1970 to just 380 by 1987. In the face of the imminent extinction of the Kenyan population, the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) implemented a policy of moving all animals outside protected areas into fenced sanctuaries where resources could be concentrated to counter the poaching threat. The sanctuary system proved successful and as of 2006 Kenya had approximately 540 black rhinoceros protected within 14 separate populations. With the sanctuary system largely successful in countering the continued threat of poaching, emphasis has shifted to metapopulation management to ensure the viability of the small isolated populations within the sanctuary system. To assist in the effective metapopulation management of these isolated populations, data is presented here both on the current levels of genetic diversity and the range of historic genetic diversity captured within five enclosed sanctuary populations. A total of 166 individually identified black rhinoceros were genotyped for 9 microsatellite loci and a 507 bp segment of the mtDNA control region, with the majority of the genotyping conducted on DNA extracted from faeces. To assist in the identification of faecal samples from mixed sex pairings a simple, accurate, single-stage 5′-exonuclease assay for gender determination in the black rhinoceros from low-copy template DNA is presented. Genetic analysis and the examination of translocation records shows that the five sanctuaries are comprised of historic populations from three geographic regions within the country and that significant admixture has occurred between these historically divergent populations. These historically divergent populations are shown by molecular dating to have originated from the south of the country following an expansion which is putatively linked to the contraction of the Pleistocene forests approximately 300 KYA. Examination of mutation bias in the species reveals low levels of mutagenesis in concordance with other studies and evidence of ectopic gene conversion between eutherian sex chromosomes. The current metapopulation retains significant levels of genetic diversity for both nucleic (A = 5.0, HE = 0.689) and organellar (π = 0.007) genomes, with levels of diversity in individual populations related to ix the amount of admixture of former populations. Parentage analysis was undertaken for 107 individuals from three sanctuary populations representing approximately 16 years of successful reproductive activity in these populations. It is demonstrated that in the black rhinoceros male genetic diversity is a significant predictor of reproductive success and that females balance male genetic quality with intermediate levels of genetic similarity in admixed populations. This is the first time these effects have been investigated in a conservation priority species subject to active management and it is anticipated these results will have a profound impact on future management strategies for the species. In particular the overall results of this thesis provide a framework whereby the management of the Kenyan black rhinoceros metapopulation can be guided by the way rhinoceros are shown to manage their own reproductive success.
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De, Lange Stephanie Siobhan. "Tremors in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) during chemical immobilisation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53294.
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White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) are susceptible to developing muscle tremors during chemical immobilisation induced by potent opioid receptor agonists. Whether these tremors result directly from the actions of the opioids or from other physiological changes associated with immobilisation is unknown. A pilot study on 8 boma-managed chemically immobilised rhinoceros was conducted using different supportive interventions for the animal?s cardiorespiratory systems to test whether these interventions had an effect on tremors during chemical immobilisation. The pilot study revealed that butorphanol, a partial opioid agonist/antagonist, combined with nasotracheal oxygen insufflation, compared to the control, was the only intervention that decreased the observed tremor intensity and adequately stabilized the rhinoceros cardiorespiratory system in the immobilised rhinoceros. With this knowledge and using the same drug protocol (etorphine and azaperone and hyaluronidase) and supportive interventions (butorphanol and nasotracheal oxygen insufflation), a field study was conducted to quantify tremors, both objectively and subjectively, and record various physiological responses of 14 rhinoceros during a 25 minute chemical immobilisation period. Butorphanol was injected intravenously 6 minutes after the rhinoceros became laterally recumbent. Tracheal oxygen insufflation was also administered from this time. Occurrence (intensity) of tremors was assessed every minute throughout the 25 minute immobilisation period, both subjectively by human observation, and objectively by accelerometer data loggers placed on the front leg. Arterial blood pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, electrolytes and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured at 5 minute time points. The tremor intensity was highest (5 minutes 28 counts/min) just after the animals became recumbent, but decreased (3 counts/min) after butorphanol and nasotracheal oxygen insufflation was administered. Tremor intensity was correlated with the mean pH, arterial partial pressure of oxygen, serum potassium and median plasma adrenaline concentration. High tremor intensity occurred when plasma adrenaline concentrations were elevated and when hypoxaemia and acidaemia were at their worst. Hypoxaemia and acidaemia, both physiological stressors, were correlated with the increased plasma adrenaline concentrations. These correlations indicate that changes in blood oxygenation and pH could be the driving force behind the changes in the tremor intensity. Butorphanol and nasotracheal oxygen insufflation corrected the hypoxia and acidaemia and reduced tremor intensity. Therefore, tremor intensity could possibly indicate the severity of the pathophysiological effects of the capture drugs on a rhinoceros cardiorespiratory system.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Paraclinical Sciences
MSc
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Saliba, Johannes, and Merve Özkanat. "Parametriserad projektering av plattrambroar : Koppling mellan Rhinoceros och Grasshopper." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289210.
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Det här projektet syftade till att studera och införa ett skript för parametriserad modellering av en bro i programmen Rhinoceros och Grasshopper. Skriptet skapades genom visuella programmeringskomponenter och brokonstruktionen som modellerades i detta projekt var en plattrambro. Parametrisk design är ett verktyg som skapar modeller med hjälp av olika förutsättningar kallade parametrar. Dessa parametrar kan ändras direkt i programmen som även ändrar modellen. Detta underlättar redigeringsprocessen av modeller i projekt samt gör det möjligt för flera variationer av samma konstruktionstyp att hanteras i ett och samma skript. I detta projekt användes även Tekla Structures vilket är ett kraftfullt BIM-verktyg som klarar av att modellera och räkna på hus- och anläggningskonstruktioner. Rhinoceros-Grasshopper kopplas till Tekla med programmets eget plug-in, kallad Tekla live-link. Ett flertal intervjuer har genomförts med experter inom området för input om hur programmen används idag, inom de olika byggföretagen, samt hur långt modellering med parametrar har kommit. Resultatet av detta examensarbete visar att parametriserad modellering främst är användbart vid redigeringar av modeller. Den modellerade konstruktionen programmeras på ett sätt där alla dess ingående delar hänger ihop. Då kan redigeringar på specifika delar göras utan att behöva ändra/modellera de resterande delarna på nytt. Detta gör att mindre arbete behöver läggas på redigeringar. Vid projekt med mindre konstruktioner eller enkla geometrier är program som Tekla ett snabbare och smidigare verktyg än Rhinoceros då programmering av skript kan ta mycket tid. Arbetet som har genomförts i detta examensarbete visar dock att det kan vara lämpligt att använda parametriserad modellering vid projekt med större eller mer komplicerade konstruktioner.The purpose of this thesis was to study and implement a script for a parametric modelling of a bridge in Rhinoceros 3D Grasshopper. The script was done with visualized programming components and the structure was a slab frame bridge. Parametric design is a tool that create models with the use of different prerequisites called parameters. These parameters can be changed directly in the script which in turn changes the model. This makes the editing process of the model easier and allows for greater variations of the same structure to be handled within the same script. In this project, Tekla Structures was used which is a powerful BIM tool that can be used for design and analyses of various structures. Rhinoceros Grasshopper was connected to Tekla Structures with their own plugin, called Tekla live link. Several interviews have been conducted with experts and experienced people in the subject for input on how the programs are used today in the building branch as well as how far parametric design has come. The results of this thesis shows that parametric design is useful mostly when it comes to redactions of an already existing model. The designed structures are programmed in such a way that all their different components are connected. This allows for edits and redactions to be made on one specific component without having to change or redesign the rest. This saves time during the designing part of a project. Although, when it comes to smaller scaled projects or structures with simple geometries,using programs such as Tekla Structures is still faster and easier as opposed to using Rhinoceros Grasshopper. This is because programming and creating a script can take a lot of time and is very complicated at times. However, the result of this thesis shows that it could be wise to use parametric programming when it comes to larger projects and/or more complicated structures.
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Prinsloo, Dominique. "Impacts of African elephant feeding on white rhinoceros foraging opportunities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13768.
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In this study, I investigated the interaction between two megaherbivores, the African elephant and white rhinoceros, that has the potential to impact grazing lawns of which white rhino are the creators and maintainers and elephants are potentially the modifiers. I hypothesized that as elephants browse, they discard a variety of coarse woody debris onto the ground; should this woody debris (of varying amounts and sizes) fall onto grazing lawns, white rhino either move them, consume grass around the woody debris or abandon the lawn entirely. If high levels of woody debris are deposited here, grazing by white rhino is likely to be prevented, at which time I predicted that mesoherbivores would have a competitive advantage in accessing forage that white rhino cannot. I examined the mechanistic links between different levels of elephant-deposited woody debris and grass response at a point scale and feeding patch spatial scale of grazing lawns in an African savanna. In addition, I assessed the response of mesoherbivores in terms of vigilance behaviour with increasing levels of predation risk posed by increasing levels of woody debris. I present the first evidence of an indirect effect of elephant on white rhino foraging behaviour. I demonstrate how increasing levels of woody debris lead to a decreasing probability of foraging by white rhino. I also demonstrate how the probability of foraging by mesoherbivores increases as the amount of forage increases. However, since this study took place during a severe drought where resources are extremely limited, I was unable to properly separate the effects of elephant-deposited woody debris from the severe lack of rainfall on grass response and subsequently herbivore foraging behaviour. Due possibly to the drought, mesoherbivores responded less or not at all to risk factors such as woody debris therefore woody debris was not a predictor of vigilance behaviour in my study. This study contributes to our understanding of how the impacts of elephants, as ecosystem engineers, have cascading effects on savanna ecosystems. My study showed that elephant impact mediates the foraging behaviour of white rhino during a drought. However, under average rainfall periods, my original hypothesized effect of the indirect impacts of elephants on white rhino foraging and grazing lawn dynamics could still hold. This key hypothesis that I was unable to test under ‘normal’ conditions due to the drought is still valid and functionally important for understanding the ecosystem processes driving grazing lawn formation, persistence and composition in African savannas where elephants and white rhinos coexist.
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Рубанка, М. М., Н. В. Остапенко, and А. І. Рубанка. "Дизайн-проектування моделі класичної обручки в програмному середовищі Rhinoceros 3D." Thesis, Вінницький національний технічний університет, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12514.
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Biegus, Olga. "Securitisation of the response to rhinoceros poaching in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29761.
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The thesis examines conditions and nature of securitisation of a rhinoceros antipoaching response in South Africa after 2010. In a surge of rising numbers of animals being illegally hunt for their horns and other parts, the country awoke in a scramble over effective mitigation measures. Through lenses of securitisation theory, I analyse historical and social contexts, that led a range of state and nonstate actors in framing rhinoceros poaching as an emergency and helped in proclaiming it a national security threat. Aimed to secure the survival of rhinoceros in South Africa and beyond, the securitisation was achieved through chain of practices that have been introduced over the last decade in the country. Applying sociological understanding of the theory that draws on Bourdieu’s concept of the field and Foucauldian elements of theory of governmentality, I focus on evolving character of such practices, which effected in a securitised response to poaching. According to this approach, actors and audience inclined in power relations produce new meanings and practices that aim to eliminate, the threat. They do so by applying extraordinary measures, such as creating new policies or drawing attention and resources to the pronounced threat. I argue that international actors initiated the security framing of broader wildlife crime issues, which South Africa eventually accepted and reinforced as a dominant narrative. Aligning with the global actors was possible because of the historical security-based politics and aimed to achieve more favourable image of country’s tourism industry and attract financial support. On the other hand, donors help did not come without interests. These were linked to Western -oriented concepts of nature and wildlife conservation reoriented by security discourse. By using national security as a justification for extraordinary measures, such as delegating anti-poaching agenda to the security cluster and allocating more funds, South Africa was able to gain more control over resources rich areas though applying wildlife security narrative. The research utilises information from South African government agencies, nongovernmental organisation as well as other actors engaged in broadly understood conservation topic within last decade. By analysing laws, strategies, policies, official briefings, independent and academic reports as well as media articles, I construct a timeline of practices that led to securitising the rhinoceros antipoaching strategies. The thesis comprises of review of the existing literature on security and securitisation studies as well as critical analysis of trends global environmental politics, followed by specific theoretical approach and methodology that allows to analyse key elements. The research concludes with identifying potential risks and opportunities of securitisation, depending on development scenarios and provides the list of recommendations to mitigate potential negative impacts.
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De, Bruin Mauritz. "The application of Forensic Geomorphology in rhinoceros poaching (South Africa)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/51385.
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A prevalence of wildlife poaching with escalations has occurred since 2008, especially regarding rhinoceros poaching. It is essential to protect southern Africa’s heritage by developing/adapting new research methods and techniques that can assist prosecutors to improve their successes in achieving convictions. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of forensic geomorphology in the context of a poached rhino to assist in the prosecution of suspected poachers. This study was conducted at two experimental study sites which mimicked the aspects of the landscape of rhinoceros by utilising the landscape through a variety of physical, chemical and biological techniques. Trace evidence was removed from the suspects that moved through the mimicked landscape in order to verify if any significant similarities could be identified. The study concluded that a linkage could be recognized between the selected landscape and the trace evidence collected from the suspects’ belongings in both experimental studies. The results from the first experimental study site illustrated that a definite linkage could be made between the suspects and the landscape, whereas the second experimental study site suggested that there was a possibility that a linkage could be made.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
MSc
Unrestricted
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Kraai, Manqhai. "White rhinoceros populations in the Eastern Cape: distribution, performance and diet." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1297.
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White rhino populations did not occur historically in the Eastern Cape, South Africa (Skead 2007). They have, however, been introduced into a number of reserves within the Eastern Cape for reasons such as conservation, ecotourism and hunting. Based on the literature on the species, it was hypothesized that white rhinoceros would have been introduced in grass-rich habitats, as they are bulk grazers. White rhinoceros populations were further assessed in terms of population establishment by outlining their distribution and performance since introductions and this was done by extracting intercalving intervals from the literature of native populations and comparing such to the Eastern Cape intercalving intervals, extracted from data obtained from landowners. Finally, the diet of white rhinoceros was quantified, in order to identify plant species potentially at risk from white rhino herbivory using Shamwari Private Game Reserve as a study site. The distribution of white rhino in the Eastern Cape varies in terms of habitat and vegetation types. The majority (62%) of white rhino are located in grass-poor habitats and are primarily there for ecotourism purposes with only a small percentage kept for conservation purposes in the state reserves. Limited data for intercalving intervals of the white rhino in Eastern Cape are comparable to those of populations in the natural range. The ex situ conservation of white rhino in the Eastern Cape proved to be a success as population numbers have increased markedly since the first survey was conducted (Buijs 1999). The diet section of this study showed that white rhino are highly selective grazers even in a grass-limiting habitat which is dominated by browse. Twenty-five principal dietary items were identified in their diet, with only six being preferred in autumn. These are thus the plant species that could be the most vulnerable to white rhino herbivory. Supplementary food provision plays a big part of the feeding scheme of white rhino in Shamwari Private Game Reserve during the winter season, revealing the little confidence that the management has on natural resource availability to the animals at this time. These findings support the value of the Eastern Cape for ex situ conservation of white rhino, and highlight plant species potentially at risk. There is a need for further research on the population performance of these animals, and the plants identified here need to be monitored to assess white rhino impact on the vegetation
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Kgopa, Ananias Hodi. "Molecular and biochemical analysis of the diet of the black rhinoceros." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004721.
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The black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, is listed as critically endangered. The black rhinoceros population in the Great Fish River Reserve (GFRR) has increased steadily to a current estimate of one hundred animals since the re-introduction of four animals in 1986. In an effort to contribute to the effective conservation and management of this species, dietary composition was studied in the medium Portulcaria thicket vegetation of the GFRR. This study used a molecular approach to determine the diet of the black rhinoceros of the GFRR by sequencing the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit (rbcL) gene in plants and dung. Twenty-three plant species were collected from the reserve, and 802 bp of the rbcL gene were sequenced. These plant sequences were used as a reference database for the identification of plant sequences generated from black rhinoceros dung. Initial studies investigated the amplification, cloning and sequencing of DNA extracted from the dung samples which indicated the viability of the molecular approach. Thereafter, dung generated rbcL DNA was analyzed by GS FLX sequencing. Of the plant sequences identified by comparison to the GenBank database, Carissa bispinosa was the most prevalent. The study further characterized the antioxidant activities and phenolic content of plants eaten by the black rhinoceros using four different assays. Phyllanthus verrucosus, Putterlickia pyracantha, Maytenus capitata, Euclea undulata and Ozoroa mucrunata consistently had high antioxidant activities when assayed against 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl benzothiazolium-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTSʹ⁺), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPHʹ), and ferric reducing antioxidant potentials (FRAP) and phenolic content when evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The majority of plants investigated showed low antioxidant potentials and low phenolic content. The extent to which antioxidants influenced the browse selection by the black rhinoceros remains inconclusive.
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Abed, Mohamad Samir, and Azita Hosseinzade. "Parameterstyrd projektering av broar : Koppling mellan Rhinoceros-Grasshopper och Tekla Structures." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215192.
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I byggbranschen har nya metoder för projektering utvecklats genom införandet av moderna och mer kraftfulla BIM-verktyg. Flera av dagens konstruktioner modelleras enligt tredimensionella principer.Tekla Structures är ett kraftfullt BIM-verktyg som klarar av att hantera både huskonstruktioner och anläggningskonstruktioner. Trots detta kan programmet inte hantera broar med dubbelkrökning på ett effektivt sätt. Projektörer behöver därför utgå från flera program för att kunna hantera komplexa brokonstruktioner.För att kunna utnyttja fördelar med Tekla Structures, behöver programmet att utvecklas eller kompletteras med andra tredjepartsprogram. Detta projekt syftar till att integrera nya arbetssätt och införa en metodik, i form av parametriserade modellering i Tekla Structures. En sådan form av modellering tillåter användaren att modifiera parametrar för en önskad modell.Ett skript är skapad genom ett visuellt programmeringstillägg, som genererar parametriskbaserade bromodeller. Brokonstruktionstyp som modellerades i detta projekt är en plattrambro.Resultatet av projektet pekar mot att parametriserad modellering är ett effektivt sätt att modellera och en lösning för att bland annat hantera broar med dubbelkrökningar.New methods for project designing in the building construction industry have been developed by introducing modern and powerful BIM tools. Several of today’s constructions are designed according to three-dimensional principles.Tekla Structures is a powerful BIM tool that is capable of managing both house and infrastructure constructions. Despite this, the program cannot handle bridges with a horizontal and vertical curvature efficiently. The designers must instead rely on several other applications to manage complex bridge constructions.In order to use the advantages of Tekla Structures, the software needs to be evolved or complimented by other third party softwares. This project aims to integrate new working technics and introduce a method based on parametric design in Tekla Structures. Such form of modeling enables the modification of parameters to a desired model for the user.A script is created through a visual programming extension that generates a parametric based bridge models. The bridge type in this project was designed, is an integral bridge.The project has proved that parametric based design is more effectively and a solution to manage bridges with horizontal and vertical curvature.
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Polster, Carmen [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur Fütterung und Verdauungsphysiologie am Indischen Panzernashorn (Rhinoceros unicornis) / Carmen Polster." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170532020/34.
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Cross, Carin Lesley. "An ecofeminist ethics of care approach to rhinoceros protection in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60118.
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This poem tells the heart wrenching story of the plight of the rhinoceros.1 Hughes paints a picture of the powerful rhinoceros who is disappearing. Vanishing really quickly due to the poaching epidemic. As a result all that is left is the skeleton, an empty shell of what the dominant rhinoceros used to be. This is a wonderful illustration of the story behind this dissertation.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Jurisprudence
LLM
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Myers, Victoria Joanne. "Habitat utilisation by the white rhinoceros and status of the species in Namibia." Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3888.
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This study investigated habitat utilisation of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) in a semi-arid environment and established the history and current status of the species, following its introduction to Namibia. Most early introductions of white rhinos to private land were not successful due to poaching, over-hunting and poor management. The value of the animals has increased significantly since 1989, which has encouraged farmers to protect and manage rhinos sustainably, and numbers are now increasing. Effective management involves protection from poaching, regular monitoring and providing supplementary feed when grazing is poor. White rhino numbers in National Parks have increased due to co-ordinated management and protection operations. Spatial utilisation of a group of white rhino in a potentially marginal, semi-arid environment was investigated by comparing rhino habitat selection with that available. Following an intensive assessment of the habitat in the area, traditional African tracking techniques were applied to observe and record rhino habitat selection, grazing and activity patterns at approximately 2,000 GPS locations. Rhino activity locations were overlaid onto spatial maps of environmental parameters and analysed'using GIS techniques. In this study, the rhinos were found to primarily select the dominant, soft grass species and areas with high grass density and biomass. They had apparently successfully adapted to utilise this semi-arid environment. Habitat utilisation was generally broad, only highly rocky and steep areas being avoided. Certain parts of Namibia's semi-arid environment were considered to be marginal or inherently unsuitable habitat for white rhino due to overgrazing and low rainfall, but with management support, rhinos can persist and thrive largely independent of the available habitat. With respect to the favourable status of the species world-wide, continued introductions were recommended, providing owners were aware of management requirements. An information booklet was produced to assist understanding of the implications, requirements and problems when considering introductions.
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Voas, Matthew G. (Matthew Gary) 1973. "The rhinoceros gene of drosophila restricts cell fate specification in the developing eye." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29288.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references.
Inductive signaling between cells in the developing eye of Drosophila is very important for establishing the correct number and identity of cell fates. Among the signaling pathways that regulate cell fate determination in the developing eye, RTK/Ras/MAPK is among the most important. One effect of RTK/Ras/MAPK signaling is to downregulate the transcription factor Yan, thus allowing differentiation. A previous genetic screen identified modifiers of YanACT, a constitutively active isoform of Yan. From this screen, two alleles of Enhancer of YanAC, 3-5 (EY3-5) were identified as enhancers. A genetic screen was conducted to isolate new EY3-5 alleles for genetic and molecular characterization. The conclusion is reached that the defining phenotype of EY3-5 is a multigenic effect caused by large deletions present in the two founding alleles of EY3-5. These studies led to the investigation of the roles of three genes in signal transduction. The strongest enhancer of YanACT among these three genes, called hidden clones, appears to be necessary for growth and is involved in early cell fate decisions in the eye. Also described here is the role of the rhinoceros (rno) gene in regulating eye cell fates. Mutation of mo causes the overproduction of eye cell fates and inhibits apoptosis. These phenotypes are similar to those seen when EGFR is hyperactivated in argos mutants. Tests between argos and rno alleles show a strong genetic interaction. Furthermore, mo mutant tissue shows reduced production of Argos ligand. These data suggest a role for rno in the inhibition of EGFR by regulating expression of argos.
(cont.) Alleles of mo also display a general delay in the expression of differentiation markers in photoreceptors and cone cells. The rno gene encodes a nuclear, PHD zinc finger protein, implying that it functions as a transcription factor. Lastly, described here is the genetic analysis of nurf301, that encodes the largest subunit of the Nucleosome Remodeling Factor complex. In nurf301 mutants, heat shock transcription and expression of homeotic genes is impaired. Lastly, blood cells are overproduced in nurf301 larvae. This phenotype and genetic interactions suggest a role for the NURF complex as an antagonist of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
by Matthew G. Voas.
Ph.D.
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Zimmerman, David Edwin. "The occurrence of piroplasms in various South African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) populations." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22938.
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Between November 2002 and October 2006, blood samples were collected from 46 black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) originating from various national parks and game reserves within South Africa. The samples were divided into two groups, based on the black rhinoceros subspecies from which they originated: twenty-eight (n = 28) of the samples originated from subspecies D. b. bicornis, and eighteen (n = 18) from subspecies D. b. minor. DNA was extracted; the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene amplified and subjected to the Reverse Line Blot (RLB) hybridization assay. The RLB results demonstrated the presence of either Theileria bicornis or Babesia bicornis in 9 of the 46 samples examined. A further three PCR products failed to hybridize with any of the Babesia or Theileria species-specific probes, and only hybridized with the Babesia/Theileria genus-specific probe, suggesting the presence of a novel species or variant of a species. Samples collected from black rhinoceroses originating from the more arid areas of South Africa, Tswalu Game Reserve and the old Vaalbos National Park, were found to be apparently free of T. bicornis and B. bicornis piroplasms. Based on these findings, it was concluded that B. bicornis and T. bicornis are relatively widespread in black rhinoceros populations in South Africa and pose a potential risk to the success of metapopulation management programs. Of the two black rhinoceros subspecies that occur in South Africa, D. b. bicornis is at greater risk due to their apparently Babesia/Theileria-naïve status in certain areas, when compared to the subspecies D. b. minor. Conservation managers need to carefully evaluate methods and procedures during the translocation of black rhinoceroses, especially when relocating from geographically and climatically diverse ecosystems and more so when dealing with the subspecies D. b. bicornis. CopyrightDissertation (MSc (Veterinary Tropical Diseases))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Zimmerman, David Edwin. "The occurrence of piroplasms in various South African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) populations." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03022010-182115/.
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Behr, Britta Verena. "The biotechnological potential for manipulating offspring sex in the rhinoceros and the elephant /." Berlin : Mbv, Mensch-und-Buch-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000286681/04.
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Crocker, Barnaby Tobias. "The evolution and palaeoecology of the Pleistocene woolly rhinoceros, Coelodanta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530796.
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Govender, Dhanashree (Danny). "Detection of Babesia and Theileria parasites in white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) in the Kruger National Park, and their relation to anaemia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27118.
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As part of the larger survey to map the geographical distribution of Babesia and Theileria parasites in the Southern African rhinoceros population, white rhinoceroses were sampled during routine immobilizations in the Kruger National Park. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Reverse Line Blot (RLB) hybridization assays were used to screen for the presence of haemoprotozoa and complete blood counts were used to assess associated changes in clinical parameters. Of the 195 rhinoceroses sampled, 36.4% tested positive for the presence of Theileria bicornis, with no significant change in the haematological parameters measured. None of the rhinoceroses sampled tested positive for Babesia bicornis, the parasite linked to mortalities in black rhinoceroses. CopyrightDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
unrestricted
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Metrione, Lara Colleen. "Relationships of Social Behavior and the Captive Environment to Reproduction in Female Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1291142867.
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Blight, Louise K. "Egg neglect and its implications for egg predation in the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/MQ62611.pdf.
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Patton, Felix Jonathan. "The use of individual identification in the conservation management of black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521011.
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Landman, Marietjie. "Megaherbivores in succulent thicket: resource use and implications." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1007956.
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This study aims to develop a predictive understanding of the resource use, impacts and interactions of elephant Loxodonta africana and black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis in the succulent thickets of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. While these megaherbivores typically dominate the biomass, elephant are more abundant, such that their impacts off-set that of all other herbivores. Consequently, this thesis has three main foci: first, developing a mechanistic understanding of the influences of elephant; second, developing predictive insights into elephant impacts on plant communities; finally, an understanding of the knockon-effects of the impacts for coexisting rhinoceros. Thus, by documenting the diet and dietary preferences of elephant, I firstly show that only about 18 percent of the species previously thought vulnerable to herbivory, occur in the diet. This refutes the generally held belief that elephant herbivory is the primary driver of decline among plants, and emphasizes the likely contribution of other mechanisms (e.g. trampling, knock-on-effects, etc.). Thus, the accurate prediction of the impacts caused by elephant requires an understanding of previously marginalized mechanisms. From here, I quantify >50 years of impacts on the thicket shrub community and test their spatial and temporal extent near water. I confirm the vulnerability of thicket to transformation (particularly near water) as the accumulated influences of elephant reduce community composition and structure, and predict that these impacts will eventually bring about landscape-level degradation and a significant loss of biodiversity. Importantly, results show an uneven distribution of effects between elements of this community: from community composition and structure, to the structure of individual canopy species and ecological functioning. While these findings confound our interpretation of the extent of the impacts, it demonstrates the importance of explicitly recognizing biodiversity and heterogeneity for the conservation management of elephant. Finally, I test the consequences of the impacts for coexisting rhinoceros. While I show that this causes rhinoceros to change their foraging strategies in the presence of elephant at high densities, I also show that elephant may facilitate access to food for rhinoceros at reduced densities. These findings indicate the importance of elephant in driving the structure and composition of the thicket shrub community and the consequences of this for coexisting large herbivores. Thus, developing a predictive understanding of the spatial and temporal variations of elephant impacts between elements of biodiversity and the mechanisms driving these changes are key to their management. This implies that the effective conservation management of elephant can only be achieved through the careful, scientific design of monitoring programmes.
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Grün, Volker. "The influence of faecal scent marks on the behaviour of the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20080218.150157.
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Fike, Bradley Robin. "The demography and population dynamics of a re-introduced black rhinoceros population on the Great Fish River Reserve, Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020869.
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The re-introduction of black rhinoceros onto the Great Fish River Reserve in the Eastern Cape, following the species absence for over a century, created an opportunity to study this species in the thicket biome, and in particular the succulent thicket of the Great Fish River valley. The thicket biome is quite different from the habitats in which other extant populations of these animals are found and where studies of their demography have been undertaken. Data collection occurred from May 1986, with the arrival of the first four animals to December 2008, when the population was estimated to be 144 individuals. A variety of monitoring techniques were used including direct ground observations, aerial helicopter census, aerial monitoring by microlight aircraft, camera traps and opportunistic observations, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The combination of methods and effort has resulted in the population being recognized as completely known with up to 97% of the animals being located at least once per year with a mean frequency of sightings of 11.5 per animal per year. In 2008, the population was about 20% juvenile, 36% sub-adult and 44% adult with a female biased sex ratio of 1.3 females per male. Mean age at first birth was about 80 months and this increased significantly with increasing density of black rhinoceroses. Mean intercalf interval was about 28 months and 41% of adult females gave birth each year. Mortality rates were low for juveniles, higher for sub-adults and higher for males than females. There was a weak but significant positive effect of density on male mortality. Population growth rate was about 10% and was not significantly affected by density. These results suggest that this population is beginning to show the first indications of density dependant constraints and that harvesting should be implemented in order to maintain the productive tempo. A secondary goal of the Management Plan will then be realized as the population functions as a donor to establish founder populations elsewhere within the Diceros bicornis minor range.
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Bulani, Siyavuya Ishmael. "Determination of the botanical composition of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) dung using the rbcL gene as a molecular marker, and analysis of antioxidant and phenolic content of its browse." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006468.
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The black rhinoceros remains one of the world's extremely endangered species despite a variety of policies to protect it. The black rhinoceros population at the Great Fish River Reserve (GFRR) in the Eastern Cape in South Africa has increased steadily since their re-introduction in 1986. This megaherbivore is a browser, with a diet obtained largely from the short and medium succulent thicket of the GFRR. Knowledge of the preferential diet of the black rhinoceros on the reserve is an important factor for the effective management of the land and the herbivores that compete for its resources. The dietary preferences of the black rhinoceros at the reserve have been established using backtracking methods. In this study the rbcL gene was used to establish an rbcL gene database of the plants from the GFRR and determine the botanical composition of the black rhinoceros dung from the GFRR. Due to the limited number of rbcL gene plant sequences from the GFRR deposited in the GenBank database, 18 plant species from the GFRR were sequenced. Sequence analyses between the partial rbcL gene sequences generated were able to distinguish between plants down to species level. Plant species from the family Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae showed sequence variation at intra-specific level compared to those of Tiliaceae which were more conserved. The generated rbcL gene sequences from seasonal dung samples were compared to the rbcL gene sequenced from 18 plant species obtained from the GFRR and those from the GenBank database. A wide range of plant species were identified from the dung samples. There were no major differences in botanical composition between the dung samples, except that Grewia spp. were found to dominate in almost all seasons. The results obtained on the free radical scavenging activity of the extracts against 2,2-Diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) increased in the order of methanol > ethyl acetate > chloroform. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the methanol plant extracts increased in the order Brachylaena elliptica > Plumbago auriculata > Grewia robusta > Azima tetracantha. Methanol extracts on the TLC plate sprayed with Fe³⁺-2,4,6-Tri-2-pyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) showed that the compounds present in the extracts react differently to ferric ion, with most compounds unable to reduce ferric ion. Furthermore the methanol extracts were able to exhibit reduction potentials vs. Ag/AgCl at low concentrations. The compounds in the extracts were shown to be phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides.
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Grun, Volker. "The influence of faecal scent marks on the behaviour of the White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium Simum Simum)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1467.
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From September 2005 to March 2006 a zoo study was performed with one male and two female rhinos at Orana Wildlife Park in Christchurch. The study had two aims: (1) to assess whether faeces from unfamiliar rhinos carry information that influences the behaviour of adult rhinos in a zoo habitat, and (2) to identify olfactory constituents of the faeces that potentially stimulate the change in behaviour. Faeces samples were collected from seven male, female, and juvenile rhinos residing at Hamilton and Auckland zoos and from one male rhino held in a separate enclosure at Orana Park. From each sample type six individual samples of 2 kg each were collected. The samples were put in plastic bags and kept frozen at -1O℃. As controls, samples from peat, peat with testosterone, and heated faeces were used. An individual thawed sample was presented at a time to the subjects by placing it into the enclosure. Behaviour and positions of the subjects was monitored for 3 h. In addition weather data was collected. Each exposure test of one sample type consisted of at least six observation sessions during which one two-kg dung specimen was presented to the subjects in the Orana Park enclosure. Each session consisted of nine trial periods of 15 min, during which each subject was observed individually and all actions ofthe animal were recorded. There was a strong response of the subjects to faeces from male donors. The bull reacted with increased frequency of spray urinating. The bull habituated to the faecal stimulus within about an hour. Other strongly affected behaviour categories of all subjects included smelling the ground, scanning, and walking. The distance between the subjects and frequency of synchronous behaviour of the subjects was affected by various samples to a lesser degree. Correlation of faecal compounds with territorial behaviour activities and chemical analysis identified possible signalling compounds such as esters of low molecular weight fatty acids (propanoic, butanoic, and pentanoic acids) and perhaps testosterone and terpenoids. Even simulated control samples consisting of peat impregnated with testosterone initiated some response. Overall, faecal scent marks were found to stimulate multifaceted behavioural effects of captive white rhinoceros. Chemical analyses of faeces identified new olfactory components not previously attributed to male faeces, and which could act as male signalling compounds.
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Brener, B. Adam E. "An anti-poaching strategy for the greater one-horned rhinoceros in Kaziranga National Park, Assam India." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0001/MQ42319.pdf.
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Arndtsson, Niklas. "Optimeringsflöde av modelleringsprogram vid broprojektering : Analys av de tre modelleringsprogrammen Tekla Structures, Revit 2013 och Rhinoceros." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28113.
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Behr, Britta Verena [Verfasser]. "The biotechnological potential for manipulating offspring sex in the rhinoceros and the elephant / Britta Verena Behr." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024004252/34.
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Pedersen, Gayle. "Habitat use and diet selection of reintroduced white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) in Pafuri, Kruger National Park." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4037.
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Thesis (MSc (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--Stellenbosch University, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 2005, six white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) were reintroduced into Pafuri, in the far northern section of Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa, as part of a large mammal reintroduction project. All six individuals were fitted with horn radio transmitters. Rhinos have been absent from Pafuri for over a century, and this project aimed to establish a breeding nucleus in the area. The aim of this study was to monitor post-release movement and habitat use of these animals within the 203 km2 study area and assess the short term success of the re-introduction project as well as the suitability of the five landscape types in Pafuri as a habitat for white rhinoceros. Habitat suitability and selection was assessed at two ecological hierarchical scales: 1) landscape system, analysed further down to the spatial scale of range and territory establishment, and 2) feeding station for diet selection. Rhinos were tracked for 12 months and a database of 719 sighting records was compiled. These data were used to determine the utilisation of and preference between the Pafuri landscape types, using preference indices that compare utilisation versus availability. An a-LoCoH nonparametric kernel method was used to calculate home ranges and utilisation distributions of each rhino. Feeding surveys were attempted by backtracking along fresh rhino feeding paths and recording the grass species present and eaten in 0.7 m x 0.7 m quadrats. Faecal samples were collected and analysed using microhistological techniques and dietary composition was assessed for each rhino. Landscape preference analyses showed that the rhinos favoured Colophospermum mopane Shrubveld on calcrete in the dry season, and the Punda Maria Sandveld in the wet season. The territory establishment of the dominant bull was substantially larger (44.8 km²) than those of adult male rhinos in the rest of KNP. Ranging areas of the mature females (17 – 25.4 km²), were consistent with sizes of previous studies. The two sub-adults ranged far more extensively, establishing an 84.1 km² annual range during the study period. The annual diet consisted of mostly perennial grass species, with moderate grazing value species dominating for most of the year. Dietary analyses showed that Schmidtia pappophoroides, Eragrostis superba, Enneapogon cenchroides, Cenchrus ciliaris and Stipagrostis uniplumis were the primary grass species consumed. vii This study demonstrated that the Pafuri rhinos are behaving similarly to rhinos established in other areas, with movements around the landscapes being primarily influenced by rainfall and permanent water sources, and the high quality grazing that is more abundant in the wet season. Their range and territory sizes were inevitably large, for a low density area, but not uncommonly so. The most significant outcome of this study was the preference shown for the Colophospermum mopane Shrubveld on calcrete landscape that is classed as unique within South Africa, and was also ranked as ‘avoided’ by the earlier KNP studies into landscape preferences of rhinos. The grass cover in Pafuri, although sparse and very dry, contained a diversity of low to high grazing value grasses that the rhinos appeared to exploit to the best of their ability. The abundance of moderate grazing value species in their diets, and the low number of low grazing value species suggests that they are maximising the opportunities to graze on nutritious grasses when they are available. Our findings suggest that the Pafuri area is suitable for the establishment of a small breeding nucleus of white rhinos. The abundance of permanent water, in the form of springs, is a great advantage however, the potential for bush encroachment into grasslands in areas of such low rainfall needs to be considered if the population continues to grow at the current rate. The birth of two new calves in 2008 confirms that these rhinos have settled and adapted to their new habitat, and is a very promising sign for the future of this increasing subpopulation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 2005 is ses wit renosters (Ceratotherium simum) hervestig in Pafuri in die noordelike gedeelte van die Kruger Nasionale Park (KNP), Suid-Afrika, as deel van ‘n groot soogdier hervestigings projek. Al ses individue is gemerk met horing radioseintoestelle. Renosters kom vir al meer as ‘n honderd jaar nie meer in Pafuri voor nie en hierdie projek was daarop gemik om ‘n teel-nukleus in hierdie gesied te vestig. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verspreiding van die renosters na loslating en habitat-gebruik binne die 203 km2 studie-omgewing te monitor, om die korttermyn sukses van die hervestigings program te evalueer en ook te kyk na die gepastheid van die vyf landskap-tipes in Pafuri as ‘n geskikte habitat vir die wit renosters. Habitatgepastheid en seleksie is geëvalueer volgens twee ekologiese hiërargiese skale: 1) landskapsisteem, wat in meer resolusie tot die ruimtelike skaal van reikwydte en omgewingsvestiging geanaliseer is, en 2) voedings-stasie vir dieet-seleksie. Renosters is vir 12 maande gevolg en ‘n databasis wat 719 waarneming-rekords bevat, is opgestel. Laasgenoemde data is gebruik om die gebruik en voorkeur vir die Pafuri landskap tipes te bepaal met behulp van voorkeur-indikators wat die gebruik met beskikbaarheid vergelyk het. ‘n a-LoCoH nie-parametriese kern metode is gebruik om die reikwydte en gebruiksverspreidings van elke renoster te bereken. Voedingsopnames is gedoen deurdat vars renoster voedings-paadjies terugwaarts gevolg is en die grasspesies teenwoordig en waarop gevoed is, in 0.7 m x 0.7 m kwadrante te bepaal. Mismonsters is versamel en geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van mikro-histologiese tegnieke en voedingswaarde-samestellings is vasgestel vir elke renoster . Landskapsvoorkeur analises dui daarop dat die renosters in die droë seisoen Colophospermum mopane struikveld wat op kalkreet groei verkies en die Punda Maria Sandveld in die reën seisoen. Die terrein vestiging van die dominanate bul was aansienlik groter (44.8 km²) in vergelyking met die volwasse bul renosters in die res van die KNP. Reikwydte van die volwasse koeie (17 – 25.4 km²) was ooreenstemmend met dié van vorige studies. Die reikwydte van die twee subvolwassenes het baie meer gevarieer, deurdat ‘n 84.1 km² jaarlikse reikwydte gedek was binne die studie periode. Die jaarlikse dieet het meestal bestaan uit meerjarige ix grasspesies, met spesies met matige weidingswaarde wat oorheers vir meeste van die jaar. Voedingswaarde analises dui daarop dat Schmidtia pappophoroides, Eragrostis superba, Enneapogon cenchroides, Cenchrus ciliaris en Stipagrostis uniplumis die primêre gras spesies was waarop gewei word. Die studie het bewys dat die Pafuri renosters soortgelyke gedragspatrone vertoon het as renosters in ander gevestigde gebiede, deurdat bewegings binne die landskap hoofsaaklik beïnvloed word deur reënval en permanente waterbronne, asook die hoë gehalte weidingsbronne beskikbaar gedurende die reën seisoen. Hulle reikwydte- en terrein-groottes was uiteraardelik groot vir ‘n lae-digtheid areas, maar dit is nie buitengewoon nie. Die mees betekenisvolle gevolgtrekking van die studie was die voorkeur vir die Colophospermum mopane struikveld op kalkreet landskappe wat beskou word as uniek aan Suid-Afrika, en wat ook beskou was as ‘vermy’ deur vroër KNP studies tov. landskap voorkeure spesifiek vir renosters. Die grasbedekking in Pafuri, alhoewel yl en baie droog, het tog oor ‘n verskeidenheid grasse beskik wat van lae tot hoë weidings waarde het, en wat die renosters tot die beste van hulle vermoë benut het. Die oorvloedige teenwoordigheid van beide spesies met matige weidingswaarde in hulle dieët en die lae hoeveelheid van spesies met lae weidingswaarde, impliseer dat hulle die geleentheid om op voedingsryke grasse te voed ten volle benut wanneer dit beskikbaar is. Ons resultate dui daarop dat die Pafuri omgewing geskik is vir die vestiging van ‘n klein teel-nukleus van wit renosters. Die oorvloedige teenwoordigheid van permanente waterbronne in die vorm van fonteine is ‘n groot voordeel, maar die kans vir bosindringing in hierdie grasveld-gebiede met lae reënval moet oorweeg word sou die populasie aanhou toeneem teen die huidige tempo. Die geboorte van twee nuwe kalfies in 2008 staaf die moontlikheid dat die renosters gevestig en aangepas het in hulle nuwe habitat, wat ‘n baie belowende teken is vir die toekoms van die groeiende subpopulasie.
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FUCASE, TAMARA M. "Purificação e caracterização de inibidores de proteases de veneno de Bitis gabonica rhinoceros com potencial farmacológico." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26819.
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Os venenos de serpentes são complexas misturas de proteínas e peptídeos que apresentam uma variedade de atividades biológicas. Estudos apontam para uma rica diversidade de moléculas bioativas de baixa massa molecular nos venenos, como a crotamina, miotoxina A, peptídeos potenciadores de bradicinina (BPPs) inibidores do tipo Kunitz de serinopeptidases e tripeptídeos inibidores de metalopeptidases. O interesse nestas moléculas está relacionado ao potencial uso como agentes terapêuticos contra diversas patologias, como distúrbios da coagulação e modulação da atividade de metalopeptidases, moléculas estas envolvidas com tumorigenêse e outros processos patológicos como inflamação crônica e distúrbios neurológicos. O veneno da serpente Bitis gabonica rhinoceros provoca alterações fisiopatológicas como severa desordem na coagulação sanguínea e danos teciduais seguidos de necrose. No presente estudo foram isoladas e caracterizadas metalopeptidases e serinopeptidases, além de componentes de baixa massa molecular como inibidor do tipo Kunitz e BPPs. Estes peptídeos foram testados quanto a sua capacidade inibitória frente as peptidases endógenas e sequenciados por espectrometria de massa. Os nossos dados mostram que as peptidases isoladas degradam caseína e não tem atividade sobre colágeno. A serinopeptidase tem atividade β-fibrinogenolítica e o inibidor tipo Kunitz isolado apresenta maior capacidade de inibir a quimotripsina, com valor de Ki= 0,07 μM, mostrando-se um promissor substituto ao fármaco aprotinina. Este peptídeo apresentou também atividade citotóxica em células B16F10 e tênue atividade antimicrobiana. Dentre os BPPs identificados, o peptídeo que possui sequência não canônica apresentou a capacidade de potencializar a ação da bradicinina tanto em ensaio edematogênico quanto de inibição da atividade enzimática da enzima conversora de angiotensina. Esses resultados indicam o potencial de peptídeos de venenos animais para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes terapêuticos para o tratamento de enfermidades como hipertensão e distúrbios de coagulação.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Fucase, Tamara Mieco. "Purificação e caracterização de inibidores de proteases de veneno de Bitis gabonica rhinoceros com potencial farmacológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-22082016-153505/.
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Os venenos de serpentes são complexas misturas de proteínas e peptídeos que apresentam uma variedade de atividades biológicas. Estudos apontam para uma rica diversidade de moléculas bioativas de baixa massa molecular nos venenos, como a crotamina, miotoxina A, peptídeos potenciadores de bradicinina (BPPs) inibidores do tipo Kunitz de serinopeptidases e tripeptídeos inibidores de metalopeptidases. O interesse nestas moléculas está relacionado ao potencial uso como agentes terapêuticos contra diversas patologias, como distúrbios da coagulação e modulação da atividade de metalopeptidases, moléculas estas envolvidas com tumorigenêse e outros processos patológicos como inflamação crônica e distúrbios neurológicos. O veneno da serpente Bitis gabonica rhinoceros provoca alterações fisiopatológicas como severa desordem na coagulação sanguínea e danos teciduais seguidos de necrose. No presente estudo foram isoladas e caracterizadas metalopeptidases e serinopeptidases, além de componentes de baixa massa molecular como inibidor do tipo Kunitz e BPPs. Estes peptídeos foram testados quanto a sua capacidade inibitória frente as peptidases endógenas e sequenciados por espectrometria de massa. Os nossos dados mostram que as peptidases isoladas degradam caseína e não tem atividade sobre colágeno. A serinopeptidase tem atividade β-fibrinogenolítica e o inibidor tipo Kunitz isolado apresenta maior capacidade de inibir a quimotripsina, com valor de Ki= 0,07 μM, mostrando-se um promissor substituto ao fármaco aprotinina. Este peptídeo apresentou também atividade citotóxica em células B16F10 e tênue atividade antimicrobiana. Dentre os BPPs identificados, o peptídeo que possui sequência não canônica apresentou a capacidade de potencializar a ação da bradicinina tanto em ensaio edematogênico quanto de inibição da atividade enzimática da enzima conversora de angiotensina. Esses resultados indicam o potencial de peptídeos de venenos animais para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes terapêuticos para o tratamento de enfermidades como hipertensão e distúrbios de coagulação.Snake venoms are complex mixtures of proteins and peptides with a wide array of activities. Some studies point towards a vast diversity of low molecular mass bioactive molecules in venoms such as crotamine, myotoxin A, bradykinin potentiating peptides (BPPs), Kunitz type serine peptidase inhibitors and tripeptides inhibiting metallopeptidases. The interest on these molecules is related to their potential use as therapeutic drugs against several pathologies such as coagulation disturbs and modulation of the activity of metallopeptidases, involved in tumorigenesis and other disease like chronical inflammation and neurological disorders. The venom of Bitis gabonica rhinoceros promotes severe blood clotting disorders and tissular damages followed by necrosis. In the present study we isolated and characterized metallo and serine-peptidases, as well as as low molecular mass components such as Kunitz inhibitors and BPPs. Those peptides were assayed for their ability to inhibit the venom ednogenous peptidases and were sequenced by mass spectrometry. Our data indicate that the isolated peptidases hydrolyze casein, but not gelatin, indicating that they have no activity on collagen. The isolated serine protase has β-fibrinogenolytic activity and is not inhibited by the endogenous Kunitz peptide isolated from the venom. The Kunitzlike peptide inhibits preferentially chymotrypsin with a Ki of 0.07 μM and appears as a promising substitute for the commercial drug aprotinin. Among the three bradykinin potentiating peptides, two displayed non-canonical sequences, a fact that might represent an interesting field for new studies for the development of new anti-hypertensives. Although displaying mutations in highly conserved regions, the non-canonical BPP potentialized bradykinin in both edematogenic and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition assays. These results indicate the potential of animal venom peptides for the development of new drugs against Diseases such as hypertension and coagulopathies.
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Kretzschmar, Petra. "Ecological, endocrinological and ethological investigations of female mate choice in free-ranging white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969107463.
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Göttert, Thomas [Verfasser]. "On the acclimatisation of African rhinoceros after re-introduction to former livestock farmland in Namibia / Thomas Göttert." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013284607/34.
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Collins, Alan, Gavin Fraser, and Jen Snowball. "Could a regulated market approach for rhinoceros horns work in South Africa? Some practical issues and concerns." Economic Society of South Africa (ESSA), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68600.
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Publisher versionOne of the proposals for fighting rhinoceros poaching is to legalise the trade in rhino horn and adopt a regulated market approach (RMA), which would require a vote at the 2016 CITES meeting in order to overturn the ban on the trade in rhino horn. The legal trade in rhino horn would enable the auctioning of stockpiles of horn and encourage captive breeding programmes. The aim of increasing the supply of horn is to reduce incentives to poach by driving down the price. This paper uses a conceptual/theoretical approach to consider the practical implications of the adoption of an RMA, drawing on demand, supply and production theory. The intention is explicitly to set out some practical concerns and issues that seem to have been underplayed or neglected in most published economic discourse on the subject. To secure a stockpile for some species needs biological success in captive breeding programs (CBPs) but this varies across species and habitats. Rhinoceros herds in a CBP would need relatively spatially extensive terrain and costly permanent security measures, and only appear feasible for the less aggressive “white” rhino. Thus, market price would actually need to be sustained at a high level to cover the start-up and security costs of such a programme that are unlikely to fall significantly. This is a double-edged sword in that the persistent high price of rhino horn provides an incentive for continued poaching activities. Supplementary policy measures that differentiate among consumer groups may also prove necessary.
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Thapa, Vivek. "Habitat Fragmentation by Land-Use Change: One-Horned Rhinoceros in Nepal and Red-Cockaded Woodpecker in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33207/.
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This research focuses on the spatial analysis of the habitat of two vulnerable species, the one-horn rhinoceros in the grasslands of southern Nepal, and the red-cockaded woodpecker in the Piney woods of southeast Texas, in the USA. A study sites relevant for biodiversity conservation was selected in each country: Chitwan National Park in Nepal, and areas near the Big Thicket National Preserve in Texas. Land-use differs in the two study areas: the first is still undergoing agrarian development while the second is in a technological phase and undergoing urbanization processes. Satellite remote sensing images were used to derive land-cover maps by supervised classification. These maps were then processed by Geographic Information Systems methods to apply habitat models based on basic resources (food and cover) and obtain habitat suitability maps. Several landscape metrics were computed to quantify the habitat characteristics especially the composition and configuration of suitable habitat patches. Sensitivity analyses were performed as the nominal values of some of the model parameters were arbitrary. Development potential probability models were used to hypothesize changes in land-use of the second study site. Various scenarios were employed to examine the impact of development on the habitat of red-cockaded woodpecker. The method derived in this study would prove beneficial to guide management and conservation of wildlife habitats.
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Edwards, Katie. "Investigating population performance and factors that influence reproductive success in the eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/13893/.
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With fewer than 5000 black rhinoceros remaining, ex situ populations play a vital role in the conservation of this species. To reinforce in-situ conservation efforts, captive populations must be self-sustaining, both demographically and genetically, to maximise future viability. The aim of this thesis was to determine the sustainability of the European captive population of eastern black rhinoceros, and investigate factors that may influence population performance in this species. Population viability analysis of demographic data from in situ managed black rhinoceros populations were used to establish the variability in population growth rates across reserves. Secondly, these data were used to calculate fecundity, mortality and population structure performance indicators, as a reference for how this species can perform under natural conditions. The same analyses were then applied to the European ex situ population, to determine whether the population is demographically and genetically self-sustaining, and identify areas for potential improvement. The European captive population of eastern black rhinoceros, although currently self-sustaining, is performing sub-optimally both with respect to their in situ counterparts, and to a proposed target of 5% growth per annum. Population performance is primarily limited by sub-optimal reproduction, both in terms of individuals producing fewer calves per annum, and due to a high degree of reproductive skew across the population, leading to a large proportion of individuals failing to produce offspring. A multi-institutional study was conducted on 90% of the European population, to investigate intrinsic differences in faecal reproductive hormone metabolites between breeding and non-breeding individuals. In females, irregular oestrous cyclicity was observed, with longer than average cycles observed more frequently in females that had never bred, and periods of acyclicity more common in females that had not bred for at least seven years. Non-proven females also had higher body condition scores, and were less likely to exhibit regular signs of oestrus. In males, non-breeding males had reduced faecal testosterone compared to males that had previously sired offspring. Extrinsic factors were also investigated, to determine whether differences in reproductive success could be attributed to aspects of the social or physical environment. However, no consistent relationships were observed between breeding and non-breeding males or females. Furthermore, adrenal activity and testosterone concentration were not correlated with environmental factors, indicating that extrinsic factors alone may not explain differences in reproductive success. However, within females, differences in hormone concentration were associated with irregular oestrous cyclicity. Long cycles were associated with increased glucocorticoid metabolite concentration, and oestradiol metabolites were lower during periods of acyclicity. The duration of the preceding luteal phase varied between cycle types, indicating that the occurrence of regular and irregular oestrous cyclicity may be influenced by hormone exposure during the preceding oestrous cycle. In summary, a number of intrinsic differences in reproductive hormones in both males and females have been identified, which may be related to differential reproductive success. A better understanding of the causes of these differences would be beneficial to maximise growth rates and overall population performance of this ex situ population.
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Olsson, Sanna. "A survey of the available browse for the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis ssp. bicornis Linnaeus, 1758) in a farmland area in the Kunene region, Namibia." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30309.
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Nhleko, Zoliswa Nombulelo. "The demography, spatial ecology and reproductive success of the black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011825.
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Black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) are endangered; there are only ~5000 individuals remaining worldwide. Consequently, black rhinos are managed as a metapopulation in southern Africa. This means that even though several sub-populations of black rhinos are geographically separated, they are managed as a single population. This is achieved by interchanging genetic material between the sub-populations. The main aim of the metapopulation management approach is to increase black rhino numbers in the sub-region. The Rhino Management Group (RMG), formed in 1989, was tasked with setting scientifically defensible demographic targets for the remaining black rhino sub-populations in southern Africa. In the same year, the RMG set fecundity rate at 25% and stated that each black rhino sub-population should achieve a minimum growth rate of 5% per year. The black rhino population in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, is of international importance as it has historically been a significant donor population for the translocation of black rhinos to establish new subpopulations elsewhere in the sub-region. However, the black rhino population at HiP is performing poorly in terms of reproductive success. My study was initiated to assess the reproductive life-histories of the black rhino population at HiP and to determine whether the population was meeting the demographic targets set by the RMG. I also wished to assess the use of space by black rhinos in HiP as a potential explanation for the observed reproductive output. Detailed life-history information for known black rhinos (n = 120) was used to investigate reproductive success between 1998 and 2012. The mean age at sexual maturity (ASM) was determined as 12 years, which is higher than the ASM found in black rhino populations that are considered to be performing poorly (ASM = ~ 7 years). The intercalving interval (ICI) was three years, nine months; this was also longer than the ICI of most black rhino populations. Further, the 2012 black rhino population at HiP had a growth rate of 6.4%, and the population comprised 60% adults, 23% sub-adults and 13% juveniles. Such demographics are usually observed in stable populations and it is possible that poor habitat quality could be resulting in the delayed ASM and longer ICI’s at HiP. In addition, 5% of the population is removed annually as part of the Black Rhino Range Expansion Program (BRREP) to establish new sub-populations. This could also be negatively influencing the reproductive performance of the HiP population. To determine the home range and habitat use of black rhinos at HiP, field data from 13 individual adult black rhinos (n = 9 females and 4 males) over a two-year period (2011-2012) were analyzed. Black rhino female home ranges were slightly smaller (15.4 ± 12.9 km²) than the home ranges of males (23.3 ±14.0 km²) and both sexes utilized similar habitats in the centre of the park. In addition, both the male and female black rhinos were found closer to rivers and drainage lines than expected. However, the assessment of black rhino space use in HiP was limited by a small sample size, making inferences of the impact of space use on reproductive success difficult. Nevertheless, my study suggests that food availability likely influences the location and sizes of black rhino home ranges at HiP. I believe that my study forms the first step in understanding the factors that influence the reproductive success and habitat use patterns of the current black rhino population at HiP. The information produced by my study should enable park management to identify future research to be conducted at HiP, which will yield more robust data for making informed black rhino management decisions at HiP and elsewhere.
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Mueller, Jenni Elizabeth. "Seasonal Changes in Behavior and Exhibit Use of Captive African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Black Rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis)." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1215524414.
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Chiu, Po-Hung. "The Structure of L-System." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439307516.
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Coutts, Natalie June. "Investigating genetic diversity at neutral and adaptive DNA markers in the severly bottlenecked Southern white Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4252.
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