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1

Riechelmann, H. "Differenzialdiagnose der chronischen Rhinopathie." Allergo Journal 9, no. 6 (September 2000): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03370250.

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2

Riechelmann, H. "Klinische Differenzialdiagnose der chronischen Rhinopathie." Allergo Journal 10, no. 7 (October 2001): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03360819.

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3

Hoffmann, T. K., M. Wagenmann, G. Kojda, H. G. Bender, and U. Friebe-Hoffmann. "Klinik und Therapie der Schwangerschafts-Rhinopathie." Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie 208, no. 4 (August 2004): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-827218.

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4

Rasp, G. "Sensibilisierung gegen Vorratsmilben bei der allergischen Rhinopathie." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 70, no. 12 (December 1991): 678–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-998123.

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5

Wolf, G. "Neue Aspekte zur Pathogenese und Therapie der hyperreflektorischen Rhinopathie." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 67, no. 09 (September 1988): 438–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-998536.

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6

Wienke, A., and K. Janke. "Rhinopathie ist keine obstruktive Atemwegserkrankung im Sinne der Berufskrankheitenverordnung." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 87, no. 10 (October 2008): 731–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-995569.

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7

Wolf, G., W. Anderhuber, C. Hauser-Kronberger, and A. Saria. "Die Behandlung der unspezifischen hyperreflektorischen Rhinopathie (vasomotorischen Rhinitis) mit Capsaicin." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 74, no. 05 (May 1995): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-997742.

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8

Lenders, H., and W. Pirsig. "Wie ist die hyperreflektorische Rhinopathie chirurgisch zu beeinflussen?* - Teil 1: Literaturübersicht." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 69, no. 05 (May 1990): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-998184.

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9

Pichler, Christiane E. "House dust mites and storage mites as a cause of allergy." Therapeutische Umschau 58, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.58.5.292.

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Ganzjährig auftretende allergische Beschwerden wie chronische Rhinopathie oder Asthma bronchiale lassen sich zum Großteil auf eine Allergie gegen Innenraumallergene zurückführen. Die relevantesten Innenraumallergene stammen von Hausstaubmilben, da epidemiologische Studien zeigen, dass 8,9% der Bevölkerung eine Sensibilisierung auf Hausstaubmilben aufweist. Aufgrund der besseren Kenntnis der Biologie der Milben kann man effektive Allergenvermeidungsmaßnahmen durchführen, welche allerdings aufwendig sind. Verwandte der Hausstaubmilben (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus und D. farinae) sind die Vorratsmilben, welche zunehmend als Ursache von respiratorischen Allergien erkannt werden. Die wichtigste Vorratsmilbe ist Lepidoglyphus destructor, welche eine starke Kreuzreaktivität mit anderen Vorratsmilben aufweist. Sie kommen in erster Linie bei Vorratshaltung (Getreidesilo etc.) vor, wurden aber auch im Hausstaub feuchter Häuser gefunden.
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10

Loidolt, Doris, C. C. Vassella, A. L. de Weck, and B. M. Stadler. "Die klinische Bedeutung von Anti-IgE-Antikörpern für die Behandlung der allergischen Rhinopathie." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 69, no. 05 (May 1990): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-998185.

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11

Olthoff, A., A. Martin, and F. Liebmann. "Nd:YAG-Laserbehandlung der unteren Nasenmuscheln im Kontaktverfahren bei der hyperreflektorischen und der allergischen Rhinopathie*." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 78, no. 05 (May 1999): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-996865.

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12

Ehrler, P., A. Warning, K. Schneider, E. Helmert, S. Stiller, J. Vagedes, and A. Weißkircher. "Die Wirksamkeit der heileurythmischen Therapielautreihe TSRMA bei allergischer Rhinopathie – Eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring." Der Merkurstab 74, no. 1 (2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14271/dms-21307-de.

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13

Lenders, H., and W. Pirsig. "Wie ist die hyperreflektorische Rhinopathie chirurgisch zu beeinflussen?* - Teil 2: Akustische Rhinometrie und anteriore Turbinoplastik." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 69, no. 06 (June 1990): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-998193.

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14

Clerico, Dean M., and Donald C. Lanza. "Rhinopathic Headache: Diagnosis and Treatment." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 112, no. 5 (May 1995): P138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(05)80361-4.

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Educational objectives: To understand the pathophysiology ofrhinopathic headache, including mechanisms of referred pain, and to differentiate rhinopathic from nonrhinopathic headaches and treat patients with the disorder (both medically and surgically).
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15

Friebe-Hoffmann, U., and T. K. Hoffmann. "Rhinopathia gravidarum und ihre Folgeerscheinungen." Der Gynäkologe 38, no. 7 (July 2005): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00129-005-1707-z.

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16

Settipane, G. A. "Non-allergic Rhinopathy." American Journal of Rhinology 7, no. 4 (July 1993): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065893782172376.

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17

Pletneva, I. E., G. M. Portenko, and G. P. Shmatov. "CHRONIC VASOMOTOR RHINOPATHY AS A SYNONYM OF CHRONIC ALLERGIC RHINOPATHY." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 83, no. 4 (2016): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2016-4-61-68.

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18

Kujala, Veikko M., and Kari E. Reijula. "Glove-related rhinopathy among hospital personnel." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 30, no. 2 (August 1996): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199608)30:2<164::aid-ajim7>3.0.co;2-0.

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19

Pletneva, I. E., G. M. Portenko, and G. P. Shmatov. "CHRONIC ALLERGIC RHINOPATHY AND CHRONIC VASOMOTOR RHINOPATHY ARE THE SAME DISEASE, ACCORDING TO CLUSTER AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 80, no. 1 (2016): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2016-1-11-17.

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20

Albegger, K. "Zur Lokaltherapie von Rhinopathien mit topisch wirksamen Gluko-Kortikosteroid-Aerosolen." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 64, no. 02 (February 1985): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1008095.

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21

Mukamal, Luana Vieira, Celso Tavares Sodré, Lara Beatriz Prata, Fernanda Nakasato, Tullia Cuzzi, and Marcia Ramos-e-Silva. "Churg-Strauss Syndrome or Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: Exuberant Classic Clinical Picture of a Rare Disease." Case Reports in Dermatology 10, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000489162.

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The authors present a classic case of Churg-Strauss syndrome with an exuberant clinical picture in a 34-year-old woman. She showed the following diagnostic criteria: asthma, polyneuropathy, rhinopathy, marked eosinophilia, positive p-ANCA with a perinuclear pattern, and skin histopathology results suggestive of vasculitis with eosinophils. There was a good response to prednisone, dexamethasone pulse therapy, and cyclophosphamide.
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22

Kaliner, Michael A. "Nonallergic Rhinopathy (Formerly Known as Vasomotor Rhinitis)." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 31, no. 3 (August 2011): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2011.05.007.

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23

SWART, S., S. VANDERBAAN, J. STEENBERGEN, J. NAUTA, G. VANKAMP, and J. BIEWENGA. "Immunoglobulin concentrations in nasal secretions differ between patients with an IgE-mediated rhinopathy and a non-IgE-mediated rhinopathy." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 88, no. 4 (October 1991): 612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(91)90155-h.

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24

Passàli, Desiderio, Chiara Mezzedimi, Giulio Cesare Passàli, Daniele Nuti, and Luisa Bellussi. "The Role of Rhinomanometry, Acoustic Rhinometry, and Mucociliary Transport Time in the Assessment of Nasal Patency." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 79, no. 5 (May 2000): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130007900515.

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We conducted a study of 60 patients with different nasal pathologies who complained of nasal obstruction. Our goal was to evaluate the reliability of rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, and the measurement of mucociliary transport time in helping make the diagnosis of nasal pathologies. We also sought to discover whether there is a correlation between the findings of these objective tests and the results of patients’ own subjective assessments of nasal obstruction. We found that acoustic rhinometry was more specific and more sensitive than rhinomanometry in diagnosing rhinopathies inpatients with structural anomalies. Symptom scores as rated by patients on the visual analog scale frequently did not correlate with objective measures, as patients often overestimated the severity of their obstruction. However, for a few patients, there was a correlation between symptom scores and mucociliary transport times.
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25

Kataura, Akikatsu. "Clinical Observation of Rhinopathia Gangrenosa Progressiva. Concept of Nasal T-cell Lymphoma." Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica 85, no. 11 (1992): 1695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.85.1695.

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26

Aldinucci, C., L. Bellussi, G. Monciatti, GC Passàli, L. Salerni, D. Passàli, and V. Bocci. "Effects of dietary yoghurt on immunological and clinical parameters of rhinopathic patients." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, no. 12 (December 2002): 1155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601465.

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27

Marais, J., and G. B. Brookes. "Secretomotor rhinopathy after Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy. Case report." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 22, no. 1 (February 1993): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(05)80349-2.

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28

Greiner, A. N., and E. O. Meltzer. "Overview of the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis and Nonallergic Rhinopathy." Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1513/pats.201004-033rn.

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29

Karimbil, Sujith Kumar, Sobhana Kumari, Machiyanickel Isac Celine, and Augustine Joy. "A chronic mutilating rhinopathy with a delayed diagnosis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis." International Journal of Dermatology 49, no. 4 (April 2010): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04361.x.

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30

Saria, A., and G. Wolf. "Beneficial effect of topically applied capsaicin in the treatment of hyperreactive rhinopathy." Regulatory Peptides 22, no. 1-2 (July 1988): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-0115(88)90387-4.

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31

Demoly, P., L. Crampette, and J. P. Daures. "National survey on the management of rhinopathies in asthma patients by French pulmonologists in everyday practice." Allergy 58, no. 3 (March 2003): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00051.x.

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32

Lenz, H., and H. Preußler. "Histologische Veränderungen des respiratorischen Schleimhautepithels der unteren Nasenmuscheln nach Argon-Laserstrichkarbonisation (Laser-Muschel-Kaustik) bei Rhinopathia vasomotorica." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 65, no. 08 (August 1986): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1008010.

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33

Rasp, G. "Rhinopathia allergica: Magic Lite SQ Allergie Screen Inhalant und CAP-FEIA SX1 - Vergleich zweier allergenspezifischer Suchtests im Serum." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 71, no. 06 (June 1992): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-997299.

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34

Kawabori, S., A. Nakamura, and N. Kanai. "Tissue density and state of activation of eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of allergic and nonallergic rhinopathic patients." Allergy 49, no. 2 (February 1994): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00804.x.

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35

Ferrara, Lydia, Daniele Naviglio, and Arturo Armone Caruso. "Cytological Aspects on the Effects of a Nasal Spray Consisting of Standardized Extract of Citrus Lemon and Essential Oils in Allergic Rhinopathy." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2012 (December 9, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/404606.

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In this paper, a new formulation of nasal spray was set up based on the extract of lemon pulp, obtained by using a new solid-liquid technology of extraction, added to pure Aloe juice, soluble propoli, and essential oils of Ravensara and Niaouly. It was tested in a clinical study in which 100 subjects were recruited for a period of one month. Nasal scraping was used for collecting samples and after the application of the May-Grünwald Giemsa standard technique, glass slides were analysed by using optical microscope with a 1000x oil immersion. A control group constituted of ten people was recruited as control and this group was administered with physiological solution (saline solution). The comparison of results obtained before and after the application of nasal spray showed a total reduction of eosinophils granulocytes and mast cells; clinical data were confirmed by improvement of clinical pictures of patients. The lemon-based nasal spray was a good alternative to conventional medicine for the treatment of perennial and seasonal allergic and vasomotor rhinopathy.
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36

KANAMOTO, Kazuhisa, Kunio IKEMURA, Syouichi NAKAMURA, and Toshihiko FUJIWARA. "A case of T-cell lymphoma (so-called progressive gangrenous rhinopathy) showing ulcer of the palate." Japanese Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 36, no. 12 (1990): 2808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5794/jjoms.36.2808.

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37

Marcella, Reale, Adelchi Croce, Antonio Moretti, Renato C. Barbacane, Mario Di Giocchino, and Pio Conti. "Transcription and translation of the chemokines RANTES and MCP-1 in nasal polyps and mucosa in allergic and non-allergic rhinopathies." Immunology Letters 90, no. 2-3 (December 2003): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2478(03)00163-9.

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38

Wuestenberg, Eike G., Bettina Hauswald, and Karl-Bernd Huettenbrink. "Thresholds in Nasal Histamine Challenge in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis, Patients with Hyperreflectory Rhinopathy, and Healthy Volunteers." American Journal of Rhinology 18, no. 6 (November 2004): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194589240401800606.

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39

Kaliner, Michael A., James N. Baraniuk, Michael Benninger, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Phil Lieberman, Eli O. Meltzer, Robert M. Naclerio, Russell A. Settipane, and Judith R. Farrar. "Consensus Definition of Nonallergic Rhinopathy, Previously Referred to as Vasomotor Rhinitis, Nonallergic Rhinitis, and/or Idiopathic Rhinitis." World Allergy Organization Journal 2, no. 6 (2009): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wox.0b013e3181a8e15a.

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40

She, Wenyu, Jun Yang, Chengshuo Wang, and Luo Zhang. "Diagnostic Value of Nasal Cytology in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Assessed by a Liquid-based Cytological Technique." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 32, no. 3 (April 17, 2018): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892418768581.

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Back ground: Nasal cytology has generally been employed as a useful diagnostic tool in the differentiation of rhinopathies. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the extent and diagnostic value of inflammation of nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa in chronic rhinosinusitis patients by employing a combination of nasal brushings and a liquid-based cytological technique. Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic sinusitis and 20 control subjects without any sign of sinusitis undergoing endoscopic surgery, although not all underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, were recruited to the study. Nasal cytology samples were collected from all subjects using nasal brush and processed a liquid-based cytological technique for evaluation of total and differential inflammatory cell counts. Biopsies were also taken from the inferior turbinates from its anterior margin in all subjects and from identical lateral maxillary sinus mucosa in patients with chronic sinusitis during surgery and routinely processed for staining and evaluation of inflammatory cells. Results Total and individual inflammatory cell counts in nasal brushings were significantly correlated with the respective inflammatory cell counts in biopsies obtained from the inferior turbinate (eosinophils: r = .519 and P = .016; neutrophils: r = .540 and P = .012; lymphocytes: r = .540 and P = .011) but not in biopsies obtained from the maxillary sinus. No correlation was observed between the inflammatory cells in biopsies from the inferior turbinate and biopsies from the maxillary sinus. The liquid-based cytological technique showed higher sensitivity (94.1%), specificity (76.9%), and positive predictive value (84.2%) for inflammation in the inferior turbinates than for inflammation in the maxillary sinus (sensitivity = 63.4% and positive predictive value = 63.4%). Conclusion Nasal cytology evaluated by use of nasal brushings processed by a liquid-based cytological technique is likely to have higher diagnostic value for the inflammatory response in noninfectious rhinitis than in chronic rhinosinusitis.
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41

Kaliner, Michael A. "Classification of Nonallergic Rhinitis Syndromes With a Focus on Vasomotor Rhinitis, Proposed to be Known henceforth as Nonallergic Rhinopathy." World Allergy Organization Journal 2, no. 6 (2009): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wox.0b013e3181a9d55b.

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42

Kaliner, Michael A., and Judith R. Farrar. "Consensus Review and Definition of Nonallergic Rhinitis With a Focus on Vasomotor Rhinitis, Proposed to be Known henceforth as Nonallergic Rhinopathy." World Allergy Organization Journal 2, no. 6 (2009): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wox.0b013e3181a8e146.

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43

Saha, Somnath, Nirmalya Kumar Majumder, and D. P. Thombre. "Clinical and Experimental Study on Thermoregulatory System and its Relation with Vasomotor Rhinitis." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 27, no. 3 (December 29, 2019): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2019.v27i3.10.

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Introduction Much of the perennial cold are of vasomotor origin still a less appreciated phenomenon even among the medical personnel, much of which is dubbed in a cursorily in the clinical analogue of a west paper wrap as ‘allergic rhinitis’. This study was attempted to find out the role of thermoregulatory system with causation of vasomotor rhinitis and assessing role of hypothalamus in causation of vasomotor rhinitis. Materials and Methods In this study conducted during the period of July 1987 to August 1988, 20 normal adult individuals were taken as control and thermoregulatory study was done on them. The results were compared with cases of vasomotor rhinitis/non-allergic rhinopathy cases. In experimental study thermoregulatory study was done on albino rats before and after stereotaxis of anterior and posterior hypothalamic nuclei and the result were compared before stereotaxis and post stereotaxis. Results Among human study in clinical subjects, patient suffering from vasomotor rhinitis showed a definite shift towards thermoregulatory imbalance both for generalized body caloric fluctuation and particularly on the nasal mucosa. Post-vidian neurectomy results for thermoregulation test was highly significant. In animal study post-hypothalamic stereotaxis temperature measurement showed minimal depression. Dorsal anterior hypothalamic lesion ablation showed significant derangement in the thermoregulatory tolerance profile of the rats’ belly temperature. Posterior hypothalamic lesion showed that there may be some amount of derangements in the thermoregulatory tolerance, which however is not statistically conclusive. Thermoregulatory control is done at hypothalamus, particularly at anterior hypothalamic nuclei level and posterior hypothalamic nuclei in the brain. Thermoregulatory study proves a close correlation between non allergic rhinitis with imbalance in central thermal regulation by hypothalamus. Conclusion Thermoregulatory study in control and clinical subjects proves a close correlation between vasomotor rhinitis and sympathetic, parasympathetic system.
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44

Tsarev, Sergey V. "Chronic rhinitis in children is not a local problem." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-1-182-186.

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Allergic rhinitis is the most common pathology among all allergic diseases. The article presents the epidemiologic and pathogenetic issues of the allergic rhinitis. The underdiagnosis of allergic rhinitis and its underestimation as a systemic pathology were observed in various countries. The importance of allergic rhinitis in paediatric practice, its impact on the quality of life, studies, and cognitive abilities is considered. The extranasal manifestations of the disease, as well as the role of allergic rhinitis in the development of increased respiratory viral morbidity are assessed. The differences between allergic and vasomotor rhinitis (non-allergic non-infectious rhinopathy) are analysed. Frequent interdependence and interaction of the allergic and vasomotor rhinitis are stressed. The signs of nonspecific hyperreactivity of the upper respiratory tract affected by the allergic rhinitis are presented. The role and importance of decongestants in the treatment of both allergic and vasomotor rhinitis are discussed in detail. Vasoconstrictors would help reduce hyperemia and nasal mucosa oedema, reduce the level of mucus secretion, improve the drainage of paranasal sinuses, normalizing the pressure in them. The use of a combination drug – a sympathomimetic combined with a local antihistamine agent would be the most appropriate treatment for patients with AR. The use of intranasal combination therapy for allergic rhinitis is justified: a sympathomimetic phenylephrine combined with a blocker of H1-histamine receptors dimethindene. The insights into the safety and efficacy of above drug combination in paediatric practice are presented. The use of a combination intranasal drug based on phenylephrine and dimethindene in patients with allergic rhinitis is justified in paediatric practice as both symptomatic and pathogenetic treatment. It is also advisable to administer it to treat acute respiratory viral diseases, in the post-viral period with situational exacerbations of the vasomotor component.
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45

Kaliner, Michael A., and Judith R. Farrar. "Consensus Review and Definition of Nonallergic Rhinitis With a Focus on Vasomotor Rhinitis, Proposed to Be Known henceforth as Nonallergic Rhinopathy: Introduction to Part 2." World Allergy Organization Journal 2, no. 8 (2009): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1939-4551-2-8-155.

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46

Kaliner, Michael A., and Judith R. Farrar. "Consensus Review and Definition of Nonallergic Rhinitis With a Focus on Vasomotor Rhinitis, Proposed to Be Known henceforth as Nonallergic Rhinopathy: Introduction to Part 2." World Allergy Organization Journal 2, no. 8 (August 2009): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wox.0b013e3181b3011e.

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47

Kaliner, Michael A., James N. Baraniuk, Michael S. Benninger, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Phil Lieberman, Eli O. Meltzer, Robert M. Naclerio, Russell A. Settipane, and Judith R. Farrar. "Consensus Description of Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Clinical Studies of Nonallergic Rhinopathy (NAR), Previously Referred to as Vasomotor Rhinitis (VMR), Nonallergic Rhinitis, and/or Idiopathic Rhinitis." World Allergy Organization Journal 2, no. 8 (2009): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wox.0b013e3181b2ff8a.

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48

Herkenrath, S., N. Mülleneisen, M. Treml, I. Kietzmann, L. Hagmeyer, and W. Randerath. "Unterschiedliche Häufigkeiten pneumologischer Krankheitsbilder in der ambulanten und stationären Medizin." Pneumologie, March 20, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0814-0113.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Evaluation von Behandlungsschwerpunkten in der stationären und ambulanten pneumologischen Patientenversorgung ist von besonderem gesundheitspolitischem Interesse, da sie Auswirkungen auf Arzt, Patient und die Forschung hat. Diese Arbeit beschreibt Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der Behandlungsschwerpunkte heutiger ambulanter und stationärer pneumologischer Patientenversorgung und diskutiert deren Auswirkungen auf Patient, Arzt und Forschung. Methodik Der Vergleich zwischen ambulantem und stationärem Sektor erfolgt in der hier vorliegenden Studie auf Basis der Häufigkeiten verschlüsselter ICD-Codes einer pneumologischen Fachklinik (5211 Fälle des Jahres 2016) sowie der seitens der kassenärztliche Vereinigung Nordrhein veröffentlichten häufigsten ICD-10-Codes pneumologischer Arztpraxen im dritten Quartal 2016 (142431 Fälle). Ergebnisse Viele pneumologische Krankheitsbilder werden in relativ ähnlichen Anteilen sowohl in der Praxis als auch im Krankenhaus behandelt. Bei anderen Krankheitsbildern zeigen sich erhebliche Unterschiede in der relativen Häufigkeit in Praxis und Klinik. So werden allergische Erkrankungen wie die allergische Rhinopathie und das Asthma bronchiale v. a. ambulant behandelt, während die respiratorische Insuffizienz und das Lungenkarzinom vorwiegend eine Domäne der stationären pneumologischen Medizin sind. Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlungsschwerpunkte in der ambulanten und stationären pneumologischen Versorgung unterscheiden sich ungeachtet vieler Gemeinsamkeiten dennoch zum Teil erheblich. Dies hat Auswirkungen auf die ärztliche Weiterbildung, die Durchführung klinischer Studien, aber auch und v. a. auf die Patientenversorgung. Zur Erhaltung eines hohen medizinischen Versorgungsniveaus in allen Bereichen der Pneumologie scheint daher ein enger inhaltlicher Austausch zwischen ambulantem und stationärem Sektor unverzichtbar. Von einer sektorenübergreifenden Verfügbarkeit medizinischer Expertise profitieren am Ende alle: Ärzte, Patienten und Wissenschaft.
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49

Tajudeen, Bobby A., and Jeffrey D. Suh. "Role of Rhinopharyngoscopy in Diagnosis of Rhinopathies." Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 15, no. 8 (July 7, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11882-015-0551-z.

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50

Gelardi, Matteo, Rossana Giancaspro, Michele Cassano, and Domenico Ribatti. "The Underestimated Role of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rhinopathies." International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, September 22, 2021, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000518924.

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Mast cells (MCs) are involved in several biological processes, such as defense against pathogens, immunomodulation, tissue repair after injury, and angiogenesis. MCs have been shown to change from protective immune cells to potent pro-inflammatory cells, influencing the progression of many pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases and cancers. The role of MCs in the pathogenesis of rhinopathies has often been underestimated, since previous studies have focused their attention on eosinophils and neutrophils, while MCs were considered involved exclusively in allergic rhinitis. However, recent nasal cytology findings have shown the involvement of MCs in several rhinopathies, such as NARMA, NARESMA, and CRSwNP. These recent evidences highlight the crucial role that MCs play in orchestrating the inflammation of the nasal mucosa, through complex biological mechanisms, not yet fully understood. In this context, a better understanding of these mechanisms is fundamental for practicing Precision Medicine, which requires careful population selection and stratification into subgroups based on the phenotype/endotype of the patients, in order to guarantee the patient a tailored therapy. Based on this background, further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms involving MCs and, consequently, to develop targeted therapies aimed to obtain a selective inhibition of tissue remodeling and preventing MC-mediated immune suppression.
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