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Journal articles on the topic 'Rhinorrhoea'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Karthikeyan, Ramalakshmi, and Rahim A. Rashid. "A rare case of recurrent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 6 (2023): 2266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20231651.

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nostrils due to an abnormal communication between the nasal cavity and sub–arachnoid space. CSF rhinorrhoea can be traumatic or spontaneous. CSF rhinorrhea carries a risk of ascending infection leading to meningitis. CSF rhinorrhea is not very common and could be easily mistaken for rhinitis. Physicians need to have a high index of suspicion to diagnose and treat this rare and potentially serious condition. Here we discuss a case of delayed post-traumatic CSF rhinorrhea -an unusual presentation in a primary

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2

Pearce, J. M. S. "Rhinorrhoea/Otorrhoea." European Neurology 54, no. 4 (2005): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000090724.

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3

Ullah, Kamran, and Muhammad Irfan Javed. "Frequency of CSF Rhinorrhea in Patients with Skull Base Fractures." Pakistan Journal Of Neurological Surgery 29, no. 1 (2025): 101–8. https://doi.org/10.36552/pjns.v29i1.1055.

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Background: To determine the frequency of CSF rhinorrhea in patients presenting with skull base fractures. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study at the Department of Neurosurgery, PGMI/Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar for six months in which patients were included through nonprobability convenience sampling. Included were patients who had radiologically confirmed skull base fractures at presentation. The data on clinical presentations, demographics, and the existence of CSF rhinorrhoea was collected and analyzed through SPSS. Results: A total of 87 patients were

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4

Poletti-Muringaseril, Sophia C., Kaspar Rufibach, Christian Ruef, David Holzmann, and Michael B. Soyka. "Low meningitis-incidence in primary spontaneous compared to secondary cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea." Rhinology journal 50, no. 1 (2012): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino11.124.

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Objective: Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is a separate clinical entity with elevated intracranial pressure as its most probable pathophysiological mechanism. Having the clinical impression of distinct courses of diseases in primary spontaneous (PS) compared to secondary CSF rhinorrhoea, our objective was to identify whether the two forms differ in the duration of CSF rhinorrhoea and the incidence of meningitis. Methods: Chart review performed on all patients referred with a CSF leak to our tertiary-care medical center over a 20-year period from 1990 to 2010. Results: In tot

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5

Bateman, N., and N. S. Jones. "Rhinorrhoea feigning cerebrospinal fluid leak: nine illustrative cases." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 114, no. 6 (2000): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215001905850.

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Before contemplating surgery for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea it is vital that the correct diagnosis is established. This can be done using immunofixation of beta-2-transferrin, that is nearly always positive in cases of CSF rhinorrhoea. Fluorescein lumbar puncture is useful in establishing the exact site of a leak and also in confirming the absence of a leak where the clinical suspicion is high but the beta-2-transferrin is negative. High resolution computed tomography (CT) scanning is a useful radiological investigation for identifying a bony defect. We present nine patients who pre

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6

Bartley, J. "DELAYED CEREBROSPINAL RHINORRHOEA." ANZ Journal of Surgery 63, no. 5 (1993): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1993.tb00415.x.

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7

O'Hickey, S., P. Christie, and T. Lee. "Exercise induced rhinorrhoea." BMJ 297, no. 6657 (1988): 1194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.297.6657.1194-c.

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8

Lenka, Benudhar, Stithaprajna Lenka, Karishma Rathor, et al. "Recent Advances in Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhoea Diagnosis and Treatment: An Overview." Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 1 (2023): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v12i1.952.

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In this article we mostly focused on the best approach and management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak or rhinorrhoea, Nowadays the best approach for cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea management is the nasal endoscopy approach i.e., because of less morbidity and high success rate in this which is detailed explained in this review literature. CSF rhinorrhoea can be treated by various types of approaches but the most successful and less morbidity approach is the endoscopic method.

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9

Akhavan-Mofrad, Arshia, Keshav Kumar Gupta, and Karan Jolly. "Carolyn’s window approach for spontaneous frontal sinus meningoencephalocele." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 2 (2024): e258886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-258886.

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Spontaneous meningoencephaloceles (MECs) are sparsely documented in the literature. Those occurring in the frontal sinus are an exceedingly rare entity. MECs are commonly associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. CSF rhinorrhoea is frequently misdiagnosed, causing delays in diagnosis and management. The subsequently increased risk of bacterial meningitis can be life-threatening to patients. We report the case of a woman in her late 70s with a spontaneous frontal sinus MEC, presenting with a 6-month history of CSF rhinorrhoea. The patient was successfully treated using the novel Ca

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10

Ghosh, Swapan Kumar, Indranath Kundu, Mukesh Kumar Singh, Rajarshi Chakraborty, and Suyash Banerjee. "Endoscopic Repair of Spontaneous CSF Rhinorrhoea: Results from 21 Cases." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 28, no. 1 (2020): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2020.v28i1.180.

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Introduction Surgery to close the skull base defect is the treatment of choice in persistent spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea with endoscopic endonasal repair being the method of choice. This study analysed the demographics of presentation, optimal diagnostic and localisation strategies and the effectiveness of transnasal endoscopic treatment strategies with post-operative follow-up of CSF rhinorrhoea patients in a tertiary care institution . Materials and Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 21 CSF rhinorrhoea patients operated on between Augu

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11

Mughal, Zahir, Pablo Martinez-Devesa, Alexandros Boukas, Sanjeeva Jeyaretna, and Ali Qureishi. "Contemporary Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhoea: A Review of the Literature." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 3 (2025): 995. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030995.

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Background/Objectives: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea carries a significant risk of life-threatening intracranial complications. This review provides a contemporary overview of current management strategies for CSF rhinorrhoea. Methods: We conducted a literature review, examining studies from Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar published within the last 20 years. This narrative synthesis summarises the current and future trends in the management of CSF rhinorrhoea. Results: The management of CSF leaks requires a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing a thorough clinical assessment, ta

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12

Ramsden, James D., Rogan Corbridge, and Grant Bates. "Bilateral cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 114, no. 2 (2000): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0022215001904897.

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is leakage of fluid from the subarachnoid space to the frontal, sphenoidal or ethmoidal sinuses, and may occur spontaneously. The authors present the first reported case of bilateral spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea. Bony defects on both sides of the cribriform plate were identified using endoscopic and radiological techniques, and the CSF fistula was closed endoscopically. The aetiology, diagnosis and contemporary surgical treatment of spontaneous CSF leaks is discussed. Endoscopic repair was successful in this case, and in view of the high success and low rep

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13

Ronan, Geoffrey, Rachel Barry, Noel Fanning, and Áine Merwick. "Non-traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea." Practical Neurology 20, no. 6 (2020): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2020-002532.

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14

Kaye, A. "DELAYED CEREBROSPINAL RHINORRHOEA: REPLY." ANZ Journal of Surgery 63, no. 5 (1993): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1993.tb00416.x.

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15

Bleach, N. R., P. A. Stanworth, and J. M. Stansbie. "Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 102, no. 7 (1988): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100105948.

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16

Woollons, A., J. E. Rees, and V. A. Bradley. "Fluctuating dementia and rhinorrhoea." Postgraduate Medical Journal 71, no. 834 (1995): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.71.834.253.

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17

Ciftci, Zafer, Tolgahan Catli, Deniz Hanci, Cemal Cingi, and Gultekin Erdogan. "Rhinorrhoea in the elderly." European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 272, no. 10 (2014): 2587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-014-3182-4.

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18

Raghavan, U., S. Majumdar, and N. S. Jones. "Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea from separate defects of the anterior and middle cranial fossa." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 116, no. 7 (2002): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221502760132674.

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Multiple congenital dehiscence of the skull base is rare and can give rise to spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea. A search of the world literature revealed only five reports of CSF leak with more than one concomitant skull base defect. When treating a patient with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea the possibility of its originating from the middle ear and eustachian tube should be considered. An intrathecal injection of fluorescein is useful in establishing the site of a CSF leak especially when a computed tomography scan (CT) or magnetic resonance image (MRI) has not localized the site. We discuss a case

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19

Zaccarin, Matteo, Stefano Zanni, Francesca Gallè, et al. "Studying Respiratory Symptoms Related to Swimming Pools Attendance in Young Athletes: The SPHeRA Study." Toxics 10, no. 12 (2022): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120759.

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This study investigates the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the training factors possibly associated with them in a sample of young Italian competitive swimmers. A questionnaire about training information and symptoms was administered to participants during the winter and summer 2021 training seasons. In total, 396 athletes took part in the study. In the winter training subgroup (n = 197), we found significant associations between increasing training hours per session and the presence of nasal congestion/rhinorrhoea (OR = 3.10; p = 0.039) and cough (OR = 3.48; p = 0.015). Total training

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20

Hogg, R. P., H. Pillay, R. Mitchell, and A. P. Johnson. "Idiopathic CSF rhinorrhoea presenting with tension pneumocephalus and hemiparesis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 7 (1998): 654–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100141362.

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AbstractA case of non-traumatic/non-iatrogenic CSF rhinorrhoea, presenting with tension pneumocephalus and hemiparesis is described. The possible pathological processes involved in this rare case are discussed. Cases in the literature of idiopathic CSF rhinorrhoea and also those of spontaneous pneumocephalus are reviewed.

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21

Ghimire, Anupam, and Gentle Sunder Shrestha. "Delayed Presentation of Post-Traumatic Porencephalic Cyst with CSF Rhinorrhoea." Nepalese Medical Journal 2, no. 1 (2019): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmj.v2i1.24114.

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Porencephalic cyst is a fluid filled intracranial lesion, which is usually congenital, but may develop following trauma. CSF rhinorrhoea occurs mostly following trauma and some can present years later, with resulting morbidity and the need for further management . We report an unusual case of post traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea four years after history of trauma. Initial CT scan following trauma was normal and was managed conservatively. Subsequently, patient presented with CSF rhinorrhoea after four years. CT scan showed porencephalic cyst of frontal lobe. CSF leak was managed conservatively and w

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22

Karadan, Ummer, Robin George Manappallil, Manoj Bhaskaran, Anoop Chandran, and Ivin Panakkel Zacharia. "Parainfectious vasculitis due to Pneumococcal meningitis following traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea resulting in cerebellar infarction." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v11i4.29178.

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Parainfectious vasculitis is a rare life threatening complication of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) meningitis. There is a 19% risk of developing meningitis in the patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. The patient being reported developed CSF rhinorrhoea due to traumatic fracture of cribriform plate, followed by pneumococcal meningitis and parainfectious vasculitis resulting in cerebellar infarction.

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23

Ummer Karadan, Robin George Manappallil, Manoj Bhaskaran, Anoop Chandran, and Ivin Panakkel Zacharia. "Parainfectious vasculitis due to Pneumococcal meningitis following traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea resulting in cerebellar infarction." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 102–5. https://doi.org/10.71152/ajms.v11i4.3960.

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Parainfectious vasculitis is a rare life threatening complication of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) meningitis. There is a 19% risk of developing meningitis in the patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea. The patient being reported developed CSF rhinorrhoea due to traumatic fracture of cribriform plate, followed by pneumococcal meningitis and parainfectious vasculitis resulting in cerebellar infarction.

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24

Kouakou, Fulbert, Romuald Kouitcheu, Alban Slim Mbende, Dominique N’Dri Oka, and Guy Varlet. "Late Post-Traumatic Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhoea." Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 07, no. 03 (2017): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmn.2017.73011.

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25

Balduf, M., V. Steinkraus, and J. Ring. "Captopril associated lacrimation and rhinorrhoea." BMJ 305, no. 6855 (1992): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.305.6855.693-a.

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26

Gupta, M., M. Gupta, G. Bindra, and S. Singh. "Idiopathic sphenoid sinus CSF rhinorrhoea." Case Reports 2013, apr23 1 (2013): bcr2013009416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-009416.

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27

Tolley, N. S., and P. Schwartz. "Nose-blowing and CSF rhinorrhoea." Lancet 337, no. 8736 (1991): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)90914-b.

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28

Orrell, RichardW, J. Ashley Guthrie, and JohnT Lamb. "Nose-blowing and CSF rhinorrhoea." Lancet 337, no. 8744 (1991): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91438-z.

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29

Stanford, C. F., and R. L. Stanford. "Exercise induced rhinorrhoea (athlete's nose)." BMJ 297, no. 6649 (1988): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.297.6649.660.

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30

Rao, KVLN, Dhaval Shukla, and B. Indira Devi. "Unusually delayed posttraumatic CSF rhinorrhoea." Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 7, no. 2 (2010): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0508(10)80035-8.

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31

Aussedat, C., C. Dorbeau, and D. Bakhos. "Unilateral rhinorrhoea: An atypical aetiology." European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 135, no. 1 (2018): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2017.10.001.

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32

Gera, Sameera, Satish Chandra, Umesh Umesh, and Jagruthi Pandiri. "POST-TRAUMATIC RECURRENT CSF RHINORRHOEA." International Journal of Advanced Research 13, no. 02 (2025): 1129–32. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/20473.

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Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) leak is seen in 2% of all the head injuries and 12-13% of cases with skull base fractures. Management of traumatic CSF leak is challenging because of multiple sites of leak, distorted anatomy and due to its high chances of recurrence. Prompt identification andmeticulous managementof these leaks is required to prevent complications. Here, we report one such interesting case of post-traumatic recurrent CSF rhinorrhea which was diagnosed after having recurrent meningitis secondary to CSF rhinorrhea. The patient was evaluated with CT-PNS and MRIcisternogram to id

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33

O'Dwyer, T. P., R. J. Lee, J. Kaye, and G. Fennell. "Ipratropium bromide in the treatment of the ‘rhinorrhoea syndrome’." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 102, no. 9 (1988): 799–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100106498.

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AbstractConventional treatments for non-allergic perennial rhinitis have proven somewhat unsuccessful in the control of rhinorrhoea when it is the predominant symptom. Hence, a double-blind cross-over trial of Ipratropium, a parasympatholytic, and placebo were carried out over a 12-week period. There was a significant reduction in rhinorrhoea during active treatment, with the most noticable effect being in the moderate-to-severe rhinorrhoea group. No significant effect was noted on nasal obstruction or sneezing and no serious side-effects were seen. A carry-on effect was noted when active trea

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34

Kurien, M., G. A. Mathew, S. L. Abraham, and A. Irodi. "Bilateral, spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea: endoscopic, uninasal, trans-septal approach for simultaneous closure." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 11 (2011): 1185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111001940.

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AbstractBackground:Bilateral, spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea is extremely rare, with only one previous case report (this patient developed contralateral cerebrospinal fluid leakage four years after successful endoscopic repair). We present the first English-language report of simultaneous, bilateral, spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea.Objective:To recommend a simple alternative endoscopic technique for simultaneous closure of bilateral, spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea.Case report:A 47-year-old woman presented with recent onset of bilateral, spontaneous cerebro

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35

Patel, Kalpesh, Abhishek Gugliani, and Rajesh Vishwakarma. "Endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid leak repair: how we do it." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 4 (2019): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20192713.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is characterized by a defect in the barriers which separate the subarachnoid space from sinonasal tract resulting in the leakage of watery fluid from the nose. Management of CSF rhinorrhoea is by both conservative and/or surgical approach. Transnasal endoscopic method has become the preferred surgical method for the repair of CSF leak because of less complication as compared to the open approach. To evaluate the results of patients who underwent endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhoea over a p

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36

Brockbank, M. J., D. Y. Veitch, and H. G. Thomson. "Cerebrospinal fluid in the rhinitis clinic." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 3 (1989): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100108710.

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AbstractThe Rhinitis Clinic at the Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital is a direct referral clinic dealing with approximately 300 new cases a year. Last year three cases of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea were liagnosed. In each case long term topical steriod sprays had been prescribed and the patients had been eferred for further management of their ‘rhinitis’. Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea is potentially life hreatening as failure to recognize the problem may lead to the development of meningitis and possibly death. The diagnosis is simple and is based on a good clinical history which may

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37

Hughes, R. G. M., N. S. Jones, and I. J. A. Robertson. "The endoscopic treatment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea: the Nottingham experience." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 2 (1997): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100136643.

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AbstractThe conventional neurosurgical management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea has been by intracranial access. Otorhinolaryngologists have undertaken extracranial approaches where access has been possible, and more recently an endoscopic approach has been advocated. We report 17 patients with confirmed CSF rhinorrhoea treated with endoscopic techniques between 1993 and 1996. Follow-up ranged from four to 32 months and showed an overall closure rate of 16 out of 17 patients with no complications. No patient undergoing primary endoscopic repair developed anosmia. The use of fluoresc

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38

Shoeb, Mohammed, Shashikant Mhashal, Vinod Gite, and Samir Bhargava. "Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea: an overview of endoscopic multilayer repair." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2, no. 4 (2016): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20163118.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea occurs when there is communication between the subarachnoid space and the nasal cavity. CSF rhinorrhoea commonly occurs following head trauma (fronto-basal skull fractures), as a result of intracranial surgery or spontaneously. The aim of our article was to emphasize the importance of endonasal endoscopic surgery using multilayer autograft technique.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 08 cases of CSF rhinorrhoea were treated. A retrospectiv

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39

Das, P. Thulasi, and D. Balasubramanian. "Extradural cartilage inlay graft in cerebrospinal fluid fistula repair." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 124, no. 12 (2010): 1294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215110001295.

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AbstractObjective:To present our experience in managing cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea using the cartilage inlay (underlay) technique to repair skull base defects larger than 4 mm.Study design:Retrospective study involving patients presenting with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea between 1994 and 2008.Setting:Patients were treated in a tertiary referral centre for nose and sinus diseases. Patients' medical records were reviewed and analysed.Results:A total of 62 patients were operated upon using a cartilage inlay technique to repair bony skull base defects ranging in size from 4 to 20 mm (wide

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40

Kundu, Idranath. "Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea—Transnasal endoscopic repair." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 57, no. 4 (2005): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02907691.

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41

Simsek, G., E. Kozan, and O. Guneysel. "A Runny Nose: Rhinitis or Rhinorrhoea?" Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 23, no. 2 (2016): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102490791602300209.

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42

Bartley, J. "EXTRACRANIAL REPAIR OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHOEA." ANZ Journal of Surgery 68, no. 5 (1998): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.1998.tb04772.x.

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43

Wenzel, R., and A. Leppien. "Gadolinium-myelocisternography for cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea." Neuroradiology 42, no. 12 (2000): 874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000485.

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44

Murata, Y., E. Isotani, S. Suzuki, and I. Yamada. "MRI in spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea." Neuroradiology 37, no. 6 (1995): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050132.

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45

Sharma, S. D., G. Kumar, J. Bal, and A. Eweiss. "Endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea." European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 133, no. 3 (2016): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2015.05.010.

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46

Murata, Y., I. Yamada, E. Isotani, and S. Suzuki. "MRI in spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea." Neuroradiology 37, no. 6 (1995): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00600091.

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47

Ramakrishnan, Karthik Krishna, Pranathi Ravula, Vadupu Udhaya Bhanu, and Paarthipan Natarajan. "Evaluating the role of MR cisternography in suspected CSF rhinorrhea: Clinical correlation with beta-transferrin levels." Romanian Journal of Neurology 24, no. 2 (2025): 141–49. https://doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2025.2.3.

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Background. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea, or spontaneous leakage of CSF into the nasal cavity, carries a significant risk of meningitis and other complications. Accurate localization of the CSF leak is therefore essential for effective management. Conventional diagnostic imaging, such as CT cisternography, is invasive and often time-consuming. MR cisternography offers a non-invasive alternative, utilizing the high signal intensity of CSF on T2-weighted imaging to demonstrate leakage. In this retrospective study, we examined the accuracy and clinical utility of MR cisternography in det

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48

Kim, Kyung-Su, Sung-Shik Kim, Joo-Heon Yoon, and Jae Wook Han. "The effect of botulinum toxin type A injection for intrinsic rhinitis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 3 (1998): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100158281.

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AbstractBotulinum toxin type A (BTA) is known to inhibit the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve endings. Owing to the characteristics of BTA, we thought that it could be used for the treatment of intrinsic rhinitis acting as an anticholinergic drug. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study four units of BTA were injected into the middle turbinate (two units) and inferior turbinate (two units) in each nasal cavity. Rhinorrhoea, nasal obstruction, and sneezing were recorded in a symptom diary on the basis of a scale of 5 and the number of paper tissues used per day was also record

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Bamezai, Sharika, Zachary M. Wilseck, Emily Stucken, and Joseph J. Gemmete. "Endoscopic and fluoroscopic-guided closure of the eustachian tube using a biliary cytology brush and liquid embolic agent for a persistent CSF leak after schwannoma resection." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 8 (2021): e241861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-241861.

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Vestibular schwannoma is a known cause of progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Treatment options include observation, radiation therapy and surgical resection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula is a known postsurgical complication that can lead to CSF otorrhoea, rhinorrhoea or CSF leakage from the surgical wound. We present a case report of a patient who underwent vestibular schwannoma resection and postoperatively developed CSF rhinorrhoea, which was refractory to multiple attempts at surgical repair. This was successfully treated under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance using a biliary

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Badal, Kumar, and Kumar Jitendra. "Retrospective examination of the trans-nasal endoscopic correction of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 11, no. 5 (2021): 15–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12626282.

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<strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study to evaluate the trans-nasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea. <strong>Methods:</strong> The retrospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT, Jannayak Karpoori Thakur Medical College, Madhepura, Bihar, India for 1 year, On the basis of medical records of 20 patients (13 males and 7 females) who had CSF rhinorrhoea and underwent trans-nasal endoscopic repair in Department of ENT. Patients were assessed for demographic profile, etiology of CSF leak and its duration, endoscopic findings, radiographic findings

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