Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rhizobium meliloti

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rhizobium meliloti'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rhizobium meliloti"

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NISTE, Monica, Roxana VIDICAN, Ioan ROTAR, and Rodica POP. "The Effect of pH Stress on the Survival of Rhizobium Trifolii and Sinorhizobium Meliloti in Vitro." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 70, no. 2 (2013): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9811.

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Nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacteria known as rhizobia can exist in different soils and adapt to different environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of pH on the growth of Rhizobium trifolii and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Rhizobial species were isolated using yeast extract mannitol agar medium) in which the pH values were adjusted to 5.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 9.0 by adding HCl and NaOH. The optimum pH for rhizobia is neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 8) and they are more sensitive to acidity. Sinorhizobium meliloti developed better in an acid medium compared to Rhizobium trifolii.
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Zurdo-Piñeiro, José Luis, Paula García-Fraile, Raúl Rivas, et al. "Rhizobia from Lanzarote, the Canary Islands, That Nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris Have Characteristics in Common with Sinorhizobium meliloti Isolates from Mainland Spain." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 8 (2009): 2354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02811-08.

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ABSTRACT The stable, low-molecular-weight (LMW) RNA fractions of several rhizobial isolates of Phaseolus vulgaris grown in the soil of Lanzarote, an island of the Canary Islands, were identical to a less-common pattern found within Sinorhizobium meliloti (assigned to group II) obtained from nodules of alfalfa and alfalfa-related legumes grown in northern Spain. The P. vulgaris isolates and the group II LMW RNA S. meliloti isolates also were distinguishable in that both had two conserved inserts of 20 and 46 bp in the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer region that were not present in other strains of S. meliloti. The isolates from P. vulgaris nodulated bean but not Medicago sativa, while those recovered from Medicago, Melilotus, and Trigonella spp. nodulated both host legumes. The bean isolates also were distinguished from those of Medicago, Melilotus, and Trigonella spp. by nodC sequence analysis. The nodC sequences of the bean isolates were most similar to those reported for S. meliloti bv. mediterranense and Sinorhizobium fredii bv. mediterranense (GenBank accession numbers DQ333891 and AF217267, respectively). None of the evidence placed the bean isolates from Lanzarote in the genus Rhizobium, which perhaps is inconsistent with seed-borne transmission of Rhizobium etli from the Americas to the Canaries as an explanation for the presence of bean-nodulating rhizobia in soils of Lanzarote.
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Kamal Abadi, Hojjat Safari, Ali Reza Valad Abadi, Jahanfar Daneshian, Hossien Heydari Sharif Abad, and Amin Baghizadeh. "Evaluation of meliloti rhizobium activity effectiveness on quantitative properties of alfalfa by bacterial inoculation in the south-east of Iran." Nexo Revista Científica 33, no. 02 (2020): 725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v33i02.10804.

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In order to investigate the effect of bacterial inoculation on yield, chlorophyll and protein content of alfalfa to obtain economically experimental products in Shahid Zande Rouh Agricultural Training Center in Kerman as a split plot in time based on a completely randomized block design with four replications on the ground Which had not been done before, was done. Bacterial inoculation was at three levels (Rhizobium meliluti, Rhizobium leguminasarum and no inoculation as a control). Bacterial inoculation had a significant effect on all studied traits and caused an increase in chlorophyll content, yield and protein percentage. In terms of fresh forage weight, the first and third crops had the highest yield with the application of Rhizobium meliloti (6 tons per hectare). The highest percentage of protein related to inoculation of Rhizobium meliloti was observed in the second Picking. According to the results of this study, inoculation with Rhizobium meliloti bacteria increases the ability of nitrogen fixation 3 to 4 times compared to the control and improved the alfalfa traits of Bami cultivar in southeastern Iran.
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REUBER, T. L., A. URZAINQUI, J. GLAZEBROOK, J. W. REED, and G. C. WALKER. "Rhizobium meliloti Exopolysaccharides." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 646, no. 1 Recombinant D (1991): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb18564.x.

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Howieson, JG, AD Robson, and LK Abbott. "Calcium modifies pH effects on the growth of acid-tolerant and acid-sensitive Rhizobium meliloti." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 3 (1992): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920765.

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The growth of Rhizobium meliloti is sensitive to soil acidity, and its poor growth and survival limits the production from Medicago spp. on acid soils. In the selection of acid tolerant rhizobia for medics, growth in acidified laboratory media has been poorly related to persistence in acid soils. However, the Ca concentration in laboratory media may have been inadequate for growth of some rhizobial strains at low pH. Therefore, acid-tolerant and acid-sensitive strains of R. meliloti were grown in a buffered, defined medium at a range of Ca and P concentrations, and at several pH values. Growth rate was increased by increasing the Ca concentration from 200 to 2000 8M at low (5-70) and moderate (6.50) pH, but not at pH 7.30. Thus, the Ca requirement for the growth of R. meliloti under acid conditions is much higher than previously thought.
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diCenzo, George C., Maryam Zamani, Hannah N. Ludwig, and Turlough M. Finan. "Heterologous Complementation Reveals a Specialized Activity for BacA in the Medicago–Sinorhizobium meliloti Symbiosis." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 30, no. 4 (2017): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-02-17-0030-r.

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The bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm2011 forms N2-fixing root nodules on alfalfa and other leguminous plants. The pSymB chromid contains a 110-kb region (the ETR region) showing high synteny to a chromosomally located region in Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234 and related rhizobia. We recently introduced the ETR region from S. fredii NGR234 into the S. meliloti chromosome. Here, we report that, unexpectedly, the S. fredii NGR234 ETR region did not complement deletion of the S. meliloti ETR region in symbiosis with Medicago sativa. This phenotype was due to the bacA gene of NGR234 not being functionally interchangeable with the S. meliloti bacA gene during M. sativa symbiosis. Further analysis revealed that, whereas bacA genes from S. fredii or Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 failed to complement the Fix− phenotype of a S. meliloti bacA mutant with M. sativa, they allowed for further developmental progression prior to a loss of viability. In contrast, with Melilotus alba, bacA from S. fredii and R. leguminosarum supported N2 fixation by a S. meliloti bacA mutant. Additionally, the S. meliloti bacA gene can support N2 fixation of a R. leguminosarum bacA mutant during symbiosis with Pisum sativum. A phylogeny of BacA proteins illustrated that S. meliloti BacA has rapidly diverged from most rhizobia and has converged toward the sequence of pathogenic genera Brucella and Escherichia. These data suggest that the S. meliloti BacA has evolved toward a specific interaction with Medicago and highlights the limitations of using a single model system for the study of complex biological topics.
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Barran, L. R., E. S. P. Bromfield, V. Rastogi, S. T. Whitwill, and R. Wheatcroft. "Transposition and copy number of insertion sequence ISRm1 are not correlated with symbiotic performance of Rhizobium meliloti from two field sites." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 7 (1991): 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-097.

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The insertion sequence ISRm1 frequently occurs in Rhizobium meliloti and is a potential mutagen. Data for the frequency of ISRm1 transposition in the commercial inoculant strain SU47 (containing eight copies of IsRm1) indicate that this insertion sequence does not significantly affect the ability of SU47 to occupy nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown at two field sites. Thirty representative isolates from the indigenous population of R. meliloti at each of these sites contained from 0 to 10 copies of IsRm1; there was no significant correlation between insertion sequence copy number and nodulating competitiveness, symbiotic effectiveness, or frequency of occurrence of indigenous rhizobia in nodules of plants grown at these sites. Collectively, these data suggest that ISRm1 has little impact on the stability of agriculturally important properties of R. meliloti from the two field sites, despite its potential as a mutagen. Key words: insertion element, symbiotic effectiveness, competitiveness, Rhizobium meliloti, indigenous populations.
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McKhann, Heather I., Nancy L. Paiva, Richard A. Dixon, and Ann M. Hirsch. "Chalcone Synthase Transcripts Are Detected in Alfalfa Root Hairs Following Inoculation with Wild-Type Rhizobium meliloti." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 10, no. 1 (1997): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.1.50.

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Flavonoids are involved in a number of critical events in the interaction between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes. To get a better understanding of the importance of flavonoids in the earliest stages of the alfalfa-Rhizobium meliloti symbiosis, we followed the expression of two chal-cone synthase (CHS) gene family members as well as of chalcone isomerase (CHI) and isoflavone reductase (IFR) genes. CHS transcripts increased 2 to 4 dpi (days post-inoculation) with wild-type rhizobia, but not after inoculation with the heterologous R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii or with an exopolysaccharide (exo) mutant of R. meliloti. CHS transcripts were detected in the root hairs and epidermal cells of the root hair zone, and infrequently in nodule pri-mordia. Insignificant CHI and IFR mRNA accumulation over control levels was observed in response to rhizobial inoculation. The slight increase in CHS transcript accumulation following wild-type R. meliloti inoculation was correlated with an observed increase in root flavonoid content as well as a change in the nod gene-inducing activity of the root exudate. The nod gene-inducing flavonoids exuded from wild-type rhizobia-inoculated roots were identified as 4′, 7-dihydroxyflavone and 4, 4′ dihydroxy-2′-methoxychalcone. Although there was a slight increase over the uninoculated controls in the level of medicarpin-3-O-glucoside 6″-O-malonate (MGM) in extracts of roots inoculated with rhizobia, IFR transcript accumulation was not significantly elevated over that of the controls. Moreover, no medicarpin aglycone was detected in the inoculated roots. Thus, although inoculation with wild-type rhizobia triggers some of the genes induced during an interaction between a host and a pathogen, the expression of these genes in the Rhizobium-legume interaction is at a very low level, suggesting that rhizobia have evolved a mechanism(s) to avoid triggering the host's defense responses.
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NISTE, Monica, Roxana VIDICAN, Ioan ROTAR, and Rodica POP. "Characterization of the growth of Rhizobium trifolii and Sinorhizobium meliloti in different culture media." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 70, no. 1 (2013): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9559.

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Legumes have the ability to form symbiotic interactions with soil bacteria, called rhizobia. Bacteria of the genus Rhizobium are able to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia when compounds are exchanged between the bacteroid and its plant host. The present study describes the characterization of Rhizobium strains isolated from root nodules of Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa grown in a greenhouse. The main objective of the experiment was to identify which medium is more suitable for the development of different strains of rhizobia. The Rhizobium strains are rod shaped, Gram negative and mucus producing. The rhizobia were identified and isolated using different media yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA) containing Congo red, and a medium including boron (B), an essential micronutrient. The Petri plates were incubated at 28ºC and inspected three days after the inoculation. The colony morphology was analysed based on type, appearance, transparency, colour and the effectiveness of boron on Rhizobium growth.
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Biederbeck, V. O., and H. J. Geissler. "Effect of storage temperatures on Rhizobium meliloti survival in peat- and clay-based inoculants." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 1 (1993): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-013.

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Legume growers and extension agents require advice on optimum conditions under which inoculants may be stored without deterioration of rhizobia or the effectiveness of the inoculant. This study was conducted to determine effects of storage duration and temperature on survival of Rhizobium meliloti in two inoculant carriers, one with a peat base and the other with a clay base. Inoculant subsamples were placed in polyethylene bags, then packaged into plastic containers and stored in wooden boxes at either −23 °C (freezer), 4 °C (refrigerator), or room temperature (21–33 °C). Before and after storage for 0.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 mo, samples were analyzed for surviving rhizobia by most probable number (MPN) plant-infection technique using plastic pouches with seedlings of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Algonquin’). These counts showed no significant reduction of rhizobial viability in either inoculant at any temperature over the 20-mo study. The surprising lack of population decreases was attributed partly to the wide span between the confidence limits of MPN estimates (at P = 0.05) and partly to the effectiveness of the protective packaging in preventing any desiccation or acidification of the inoculants. Throughout the experiment pH remained unchanged at 6.8 and 8.5 and moisture content at 12.3 and 3.0% in the peat-base and clay-base inoculants, respectively. Nodule color and size indicated that symbiotic effectiveness was not affected by storage temperature. Counts, when averaged across temperatures, showed rhizobial populations remained constant around 1.3 × 109 cells g−1 peat and 1.1 × 108 cells g−1 clay. Re-testing of R. meliloti inoculants stored for up to 10 yr at 4 °C, after earlier regulatory testing, showed no significant viability reductions in any product stored < 7 yr and in some products stored for as long as 10 yr. The results indicated that rhizobial populations could be maintained at levels much above the regulatory minimum MPN (103 seed−1), which would be of critical importance when forage legumes are grown under adverse soil conditions and inoculation is required. Key words: Rhizobium meliloti, inoculant storage, temperature effects, carrier effects, MPN plant-infection technique, inoculant quality control
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rhizobium meliloti"

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Bardin, Sylvie D. "Phosphate uptake in Rhizobium meliloti." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0011/NQ30071.pdf.

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Grzemski, Wojciech. "Biochemical and molecular genetic studies of the Rhizobium meliloti mos locus." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg895.pdf.

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Ouahal, Mohamed. "Étude de l'activité de restriction chez Rhizobium meliloti." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10114.

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Meek, David J. J. "Molecular and genetic characterization of putative TCA cycle operons on Sinorhizobium meliloti." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33808.

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Genetic mapping of pDS15 revealed that this cosmid clone carries the Sinorhizobium meliloti TCA cycle genes mdh, sucCDAB, sdhAB and part of lpdA. Three genes (mdh, sucC , and sucA) were completely sequenced and submitted to GenBank. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the TCA cycle genes encoded on pDS15 were aligned and found to be highly homologous with other closely related rhizobial species. S. meliloti cells grown in LBmc express the mdh-sucCDAB operon as one transcript, based on RT-PCR results. Alternative sigma factor sigma54 was not found to have a role in mdh-sucCDAB expression. Despite considerable effort, we have not been able to isolate sucA mutants via random transposon Tn5tac1 mutagenesis to date. Homologous recombination between a plasmid-borne sucA::Tn5 and wild-type S. meliloti sucA failed to generate a bona fide mutant, as revealed by Southern blot analysis. Plasmid pDS15 was mutagenized with transposons Tn5, Tn5tac1, and Tn5-B20. Three Tn5-B20 insertions were mapped to mdh, sucD, and sucA respectively, and preliminary gene expression studies were done.
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Thaha, Fathuma Zuleikha. "Characterization of acetate metabolism genes in Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium, meliloti." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0016/MQ55093.pdf.

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Bouslamti, Rabia. "L'absorption des phages chez Rhizobium meliloti : rôle des lipopolysaccharides." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10121.

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L'adsorption d'un bactériophage sur rhizobium meliloti M11S a été étudiée. La nature lipopolyosidique des récepteurs est mise en évidence. L'analyse des LPS a révélé une forte proportion d'acides sialiques. La neutralisation des récepteurs pohagiques par la lectine spécifique de l'acide n-acetyl-neuraminique et par la déacétylation alcaline du LPS met en évidence l'importance des groupements acétyles des acides sialiques dans l'adsorption du phage
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Shishido, Masahiro 1960. "Effectiveness of dominant Rhizobium meliloti indigenous to Arizona soil." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276929.

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A total of 200 Rhizobium meliloti isolates were sampled from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) nodules in five uninoculated fields throughout Arizona. Dominant strains (≥ 20% nodule occupancy at each site) were identified using plasmid profile analysis and intrinsic antibiotic resistance patterns. The major dominant strains and a commercial strain (102F77b) were evaluated for their N fixing effectiveness in a Leonard jar study. All strains were highly effective, and no significant differences were found (p ≥ 0.05) in shoot weight, root weight, nodule weight, acetylene reduction and total N content among the strain treatments. These effective dominant R. meliloti strains indigenous to Arizona soil probably contribute to the state's high alfalfa yield. Furthermore, indigenous strains AZTCYJ, AZSC, and AZY have potential as inoculants for arid lands due to their high effectiveness and unique resistances to extreme abiotic stresses present in arid land soils.
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Kohring, Bodo. "Kultivierung von Bodenbakterien der Spezies Sinorhizobium meliloti und die Aufarbeitung ihrer Signalmoleküle." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963784005.

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Werquin, Michel. "Les bacteriophages de rhizobium meliloti : isolement, multiplication, morphologie et classification." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10165.

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33 bactériophages de rhizobium meliloti sont étudiés. Parmi ceux-ci, 21 ont été isolés du sol de champs de luzerne (medicago sativa l. ). Les 12 autres ont été obtenus par inductin aux rayons ultraviolet ou à la mitomycine c de 46 souches de R. Meliloti. Les bactériophages ont été caractérisés par leur morphologie, leur spécificité d'hôte, leurs propriétés antigèniques, les profils de restriction et les homologies de leurs ADN. Tous les phages observés montrent des particules à tête icosaédrique et à queue contractile ou non. Ils représentent 5 morphotypes différents correspondant aux familles des myoviridées (morphotype CM1, 11 phages); des siphoviridées (morphotype phi M11S, 3 phages; NM1, 5 phages; NM8, 12 phages) et des podoviridées (morphotype MM1H, 2 phages). Le type phagique NM1 est peu commun de par la présence de barres transversales sur la queue. Les phages du sol ont une large spécificité d'hôte tandis que les phages tempérés montrent des spécificités d'hôte plus ou moins étroites. Les profils de restriction et les expériences d'hybridation ADN-ADN indiquent que les génomes des 5 morphotypes ne sont pas apparentés. Les masses moléculaires estimées des ADN sont compatibles avec la taille des capsides excepté pour le phage NM8. Les phages du morphotype phi M11S ne correspondent a aucun autre phage de R. Meliloti décrit à ce jour et représentent donc une nouvelle espèce
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Aneja, Punita. "Molecular genetic characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate metabolism in Rhizobium (Sinorhizobium) meliloti." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0025/NQ50287.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Rhizobium meliloti"

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Alfano, James Robert. Aspartate aminotransferases of Rhizobium meliloti. 1993.

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Shatters, Robert G. Glutamine synthesis in Rhizobium meliloti. 1988.

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Somerville, John E. Ammonia assimilation in Rhizobium meliloti. 1985.

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Liu, Yuan. Glutamine synthetase III of Rhizobium meliloti. 1992.

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Busse, Matt D. Novel characteristics (Intra and Ex planta) of indigenous serogroups of rhizobium meliloti. 1989.

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Kraus, Jennifer. Nutrient exchange in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: Glutamate catabolism by Rhizobium meliloti. 1987.

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Evans, Paul D. Transcriptional regulation of Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation genes. 1990.

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Tower, Paula Allene. Homospermidine, spermidine, and putrescine: The biosynthesis and metabolism of polyamines in Rhizobium meliloti. 1987.

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Mao, Meiyu. Evaluation of a Rhizobium meliloti transconjugant for increased nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation in alfalfa. 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rhizobium meliloti"

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Honeycutt, Rhonda J., and Bruno W. S. Sobral. "Rhizobium meliloti." In Bacterial Genomes. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6369-3_74.

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Driscoll, Brian T., Magne Osteras, and Turlough M. Finan. "Succinate Metabolism in Rhizobium Meliloti." In New Horizons in Nitrogen Fixation. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2416-6_48.

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Driscoll, B. T., M. Osteras, and T. M. Finan. "Malic Enzymes of Rhizobium meliloti." In Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0379-4_63.

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Lopez, Mary F., and Ethan R. Signer. "Degradative Enzymes in Rhizobium meliloti." In Molecular genetics of plant-microbe interactions. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4482-4_46.

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Gonzalez, Juan E., Alexandra Glucksmann, T. Lynne Reuber, and Graham C. Walker. "Exopolysaccharides and Rhizobium Meliloti-Alfalfa Interactions." In New Horizons in Nitrogen Fixation. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2416-6_25.

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Fisher, Robert F., Brenda Rushing, Joy Ogawa, Melanie Barnett, and Sharon R. Long. "Nodulation Gene Expression in Rhizobium Meliloti." In Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0177-6_14.

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Kondorosi, E., Z. Györgypal, I. Dusha, et al. "Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes and their regulation." In Nitrogen Fixation. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6432-0_22.

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Innes, Roger, Michael Djordjevic, Barry Rolfe, Jean Denarie, Charles Rosenberg, and Peter Kuempel. "Interactions Between Rhizobium Meliloti and Rhizobium Trifolii Nodulation Genes: What is the Basis for Dominance by R. Meliloti?" In Molecular genetics of plant-microbe interactions. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4482-4_57.

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Long, Sharon R., Julie Schwedock, Thomas Egelhoff, et al. "Nodulation Genes and Their Regulation in Rhizobium Meliloti." In NATO ASI Series. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74158-6_16.

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Kondorosi, A., E. Kondorosi, I. Dusha, et al. "Factors Controlling Root Nodule Induction by Rhizobium Meliloti." In NATO ASI Series. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74158-6_39.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rhizobium meliloti"

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Zhang, Shuqin, Jianfeng Li, and Jianxiong Du. "Preparation of Fermentation Medium of Rhizobium Meliloti Using Leaching Liquor of Corn Stalk." In International Conference on Chemical,Material and Food Engineering. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cmfe-15.2015.19.

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Reports on the topic "Rhizobium meliloti"

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Phillips, Donald, and Yoram Kapulnik. Using Flavonoids to Control in vitro Development of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613012.bard.

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Abstract:
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and other beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, such as Rhizobium bacteria, must locate and infect a host plant before either symbiont profits. Although benefits of the VAM association for increased phosphorous uptake have been widely documented, attempts to improve the fungus and to produce agronomically useful amounts of inoculum have failed due to a lack of in vitro production methods. This project was designed to extend our prior observation that the alfalfa flavonoid quercetin promoted spore germination and hyphal growth of VAM fungi in the absence of a host plant. On the Israeli side of the project, a detailed examination of changes in flavonoids and flavonoid-biosynthetic enzymes during the early stages of VAM development in alfalfa found that VAM fungi elicited and then suppressed transcription of a plant gene coding for chalcone isomerase, which normally is associated with pathogenic infections. US workers collaborated in the identification of flavonoid compounds that appeared during VAM development. On the US side, an in vitro system for testing the effects of plant compounds on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth was developed for use, and intensive analyses of natural products released from alfalfa seedlings grown in the presence and absence of microorganisms were conducted. Two betaines, trigonelline and stachydrine, were identified as being released from alfalfa seeds in much higher concentrations than flavonoids, and these compounds functioned as transcriptional signals to another alfalfa microsymbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. However, these betaines had no effect on VAM spore germination or hyphal growth i vitro. Experiments showed that symbiotic bacteria elicited exudation of the isoflavonoids medicarpin and coumestrol from legume roots, but neither compound promoted growth or germination of VAM fungi in vitro. Attempts to look directly in alfalfa rhizosphere soil for microbiologically active plant products measured a gradient of nod-gene-inducing activity in R. meliloti, but no novel compounds were identified for testing in the VAM fungal system in vitro. Israeli field experiments on agricultural applications of VAM were very successful and developed methods for using VAM to overcome stunting in peanuts and garlic grown in Israel. In addition, deleterious effects of soil solarization on growth of onion, carrot and wheat were linked to effects on VAM fungi. A collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward enhancing the agronomic benefits of VAM asociations produced new knowledge on symbiotic biology and successful methods for using VAM inocula under field conditions
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2

Kapulnik, Yoram, and Donald A. Phillips. Isoflavonoid Regulation of Root Bacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7570561.bard.

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The overall objective of this project was to develop a conceptual framework for enhancing root colonization by beneficial bacteria. To accomplish this aim we tested the hypothesis that production and excretion of the plant phytoalexin medicarpin can be used for creation of a special niche along the legume roots, where beneficial microorganism, such as rhizobium, will have a selective advantage. On the Israeli side it was shown that higher medicarpin levels are exuded following the application of Rhizobium meliloti to the rhizosphere but the specific biochemical pathway governing medicarpin production was not induced significantly enough to support a constant production and excretion of this molecule to the rhizosphere. Furthermore, pathogenic bacteria and chemical elicitors were found to induce higher levels of this phytoalexin and it became important to test its natural abundance in field grown plants. On the US side, the occurrence of flavonoids and nucleosides in agricultural soils has been evaluated and biologically significant quantities of these molecules were identified. A more virulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain was isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) which forms tumors on a wide range of plant species. This isolate contains genes that increase competitive colonization abilities on roots by reducing the accumulation of alfalfa isoflavonoids in the bacterial cells. Following gene tagging efforts the US lab found that mutation in the bacterial efflux pump operons of this isolate reduced its competitive abilities. This results support our original hypothesis that detoxification activity of isoflavenoids molecules, based on bacterial gene(s), is an important selection mechanism in the rhizosphere. In addition, we focused on biotin as a regulatory element in the rhizosphere to support growth of some rhizosphere microorganisms and designed a bacterial gene construct carrying the biotin-binding protein, streptavidin. Expressing this gene in tobacco roots did not affect the biotin level but its expression in alfalfa was lethal. In conclusion, the collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward the understanding of rhizosphere activity yielded new knowledge related to the colonization of roots by beneficial microorganisms in the presence of biological active molecules exuded from the plant roots.
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