Journal articles: 'Rhizomatous plant'

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Zhao, Na, Xinqing Shao, Chao Chen, Jiangwen Fan, and Kun Wang. "Mechanisms regulating spatial changes in grassland productivity following nutrient addition in northern China." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 1 (2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18049.

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Plant biomass is the most fundamental component of ecosystems. The spatial stability of plant biomass is important, and the mechanisms regulating plant biomass spatial variability in variable environments are a central focus of ecology. However, they have rarely been explored. We conducted an experiment to test how diversity and functional traits affected variation in biomass and community response to nutrient availability in three plant communities: natural; forb, legume, and bunchgrass; and rhizomatous grass. We found that biomass stability rarely changed with increasing taxonomic species richness and functional group richness but declined with increasing Shannon–Weiner indices (the combination of richness and evenness) and functional trait diversity. However, differences in plant species composition generated different responses in both the amount and spatial variation of biomass following nutrient addition. Because rhizomatous grasses are weakly competitive in nutrient-poor conditions, interaction between resource-acquisitive (grass) and stress-tolerant (forb) species in the natural community conferred the greatest overall stability. The rapid nutrient acquisition ability of the rhizomatous grass Leymus chinensis was stimulated in nutrient-abundant conditions. The functional traits of this dominant species overrode the diversity interaction effects of the natural and forb, legume, and bunchgrass communities. This ultimately resulted in the rhizomatous grass community being the most stable. Community stability was strongly determined by a few key species, particularly rhizomatous grasses, rather than by the average response of all species, thereby supporting the mass ratio hypothesis. Our results indicated that rhizomatous grasses could provide vegetative productivity to reduce soil loss and prevent degradation of L. chinensis-dominant grassland. Thus, protecting specific species is critical for maintaining rangeland ecosystem functions. Moreover, the conservation importance of grasses, non-leguminous forbs, legumes, or even rare species could not be ignored. Maintaining stability mechanisms in natural grasslands is complex, and therefore, further studies need to focus on finding a unified mechanism that can regulate appreciable biomass variation under shifting environmental conditions.

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Evans, Jonathan P., Shelby Meckstroth, and Julie Garai. "The Amelioration of Grazing through Physiological Integration by a Clonal Dune Plant." Plants 12, no. 4 (2023): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12040724.

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Rhizomatous growth and associated physiological integration can allow a clonal dune species to potentially compensate for the selective removal of leaves associated with herbivory. Hydrocotyle bonariensis is a rhizomatous clonal plant species that is abundant in the coastal dune environments of the southeastern United States that are inhabited by large feral horse populations. H. bonariensis has been shown to integrate resources among ramets within extensive clones as an adaptation to resource heterogeneity in sandy soils. In this study, we hypothesized that clonal integration is a mechanism that promotes H. bonariensis persistence in these communities, despite high levels of herbivory by feral horses. In a field experiment, we used exclosures to test for herbivory in H. bonariensis over a four-month period. We found that feral horses utilized H. bonariensis as a food species, and that while grazing will suppress clonal biomass, H. bonariensis is able to maintain populations in a high grazing regime with and without competition present. We then conducted an experiment in which portions of H. bonariensis clones were clipped to simulate different levels of grazing. Half of the clones were severed to eliminate the possibility of integration. We found that after 12 weeks, the mean number of leaves and ramets increased as the grazing level increased, for integrated clones. Integrated clones had significantly increased biomass production compared to the severed equivalents. Our research suggests that rhizomatous growth and physiological integration are traits that allow clonal plant species to maintain populations and to tolerate grazing in coastal dune environments.

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Stott, Lance, Lisa Rew, and Tracy Dougher. "(52) Evaluation of California Native Grasses for Revegetation Sod." HortScience 41, no. 4 (2006): 1037D—1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1037d.

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The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has used hydroseeding, imprinting, and drill seeding methods to revegetate highway construction sites, with varying degrees of success. Ecological concerns, particularly in areas with high erosion potential, have led Caltrans to search for more-reliable plant establishment methods. One possibility is native sod, which should reduce erosion potential, and, the species would also be better suited to local environments, require less maintenance, and pose no invasive threat to adjacent ecosystems. In addition, the use of native sod may also reduce or prevent weed establishment. Our project aims to evaluate different native grass species mixes to determine the best species combinations for sod. We selected 21 species of native grasses in order to determine their suitability for sod production in six Californian ecoregions. Grasses were grown in six growth chambers that mimic the climate of the six ecoregions. Mixtures of varying species included either one rhizomatous species with three bunch grasses, one rhizomatous species and five bunch grasses, two rhizomatous species with three bunch grasses, or two rhizomatous species with five bunch grasses for each ecoregion. The mixtures were grown and tested for yield, species composition, and percentage of cover over time. At the end of the 6-month production time, a final harvest evaluated root depth and biomass as well as sod strength. Rhizomatous grasses, if planted with Bromus sp., were quickly overwhelmed. At the first harvest ground coverage was between 10% and 15% for all species mixes. Ground coverage increased over the production cycle, but maximum ground coverage remained less than 80% overall.

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Kallenbach, Robert L., Robert L. McGraw, and Paul R. Beuselinck. "Soil pH effects on growth and mineral concentration of birdsfoot trefoil." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 2 (1996): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-047.

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Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) accessions G 31276 and G 31272 exhibit rhizomatous growth and were collected from alkaline soils (pH 8.0–8.5). Nothing is known about the adaptation of rhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil to more acid soil. Our objective was to determine the effects of soil pH on plant growth and mineral concentration of rhizomatous and domestic non-rhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil. Three entries, Norcen AU Dewey, and RBRC (a bulked reciprocal cross of G 31276 and G 31272), were grown at soil pH levels of 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 in a glasshouse. Dry-matter (DM) production and concentrations of Al, Ca, K, P, Mg, Mn and Zn in tissues were determined. No significant entry × soil pH interaction was found for either DM accumulation or mineral concentration, indicating the RBRC responded to acidic soil pH like the domestic entries Across entries, total DM was lower at soil pH 5.0 than at a higher pH. Concentration of Al and Zn in leaves and stems was greatest at soil pH 5.0 and declined with increasing PH. Calcium concentration in leaves and stems was highest at soil pH 8.0. Magneisum concentration was not affected by soil pH. Phosphorus concentration in leaves was lowest at soil pH 5.0 and tended to increase with increasing pH, whereas P concentration in stems was highest at pH 5.0 and not significantly different at pH 6 0 7 0 or 8 0. Leaf K concentration was not affected by soil pH, but K concentration in stems was highest at pH 5 0. Manganese concentrations in leaves and stems followed an irregular pattern. Similar responses to soil pH among entries suggest that birdsfoot trefoil populations derived from accessions G 31276 and G 31272 will not likely be limited by soil pH. Key words:Lotus corniculatus, nutrient concentration, rhizomatous growth, dry-matter distribution, pH tolerance

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Huang, Lin, Bi-Cheng Dong, Wei Xue, Yi-Ke Peng, Ming-Xiang Zhang, and Fei-Hai Yu. "Soil Particle Heterogeneity Affects the Growth of a Rhizomatous Wetland Plant." PLoS ONE 8, no. 7 (2013): e69836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069836.

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Wang, Ming, Shangli Shi, Wenjuan Kang, et al. "Evaluation of Promising Characteristics of Rhizomatous Alfalfa Male Sterile Mutant Accessions." Agronomy 14, no. 12 (2024): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14122759.

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Evaluating key traits of male sterile mutant accessions in rhizomatous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is crucial for selecting plants for artificial hybrid breeding of rhizomatous maternal lines. In this study, branch cuttings from four male sterile mutant accessions of ‘Qingshui’ alfalfa were used as experimental samples. We evaluated phenotypic traits, which included pollen viability and stigma receptivity, as well as nutritional quality, using difference analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. Prioritizing pollen viability and stigma receptivity, while considering phenotypic traits and nutritional quality as supplementary factors, allowed us to comprehensively evaluate 24 rhizomatous alfalfa individuals. This evaluation led to the identification of four male sterile mutant accessions with superior traits. The pollen from accession 4-4 was found to be partially fertile, whereas the remaining 23 alfalfa individuals were entirely male sterile. All 24 individuals exhibited stigma receptivity levels suitable for effective pollination. Principal component analysis revealed that among the assessed traits, the leaf–stem ratio contributed most significantly, followed by crude protein content, while neutral detergent fiber content had the least impact on overall quality. Additionally, the number of branches showed a strong positive correlation with individual plant yield (p < 0.01). No significant correlations were detected among plant height, stem diameter, forage grading index, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber content, and yield. Overall, our comprehensive evaluation suggests that accessions 1-2, 2-2, 3-1, and 4-3 are most suitable for use as parental lines in artificial hybrid breeding.

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Zhai, Shanshan, Jianqiang Qian, Qun Ma, et al. "Effect of Rhizome Severing on Survival and Growth of Rhizomatous Herb Phragmites communis Is Regulated by Sand Burial Depth." Plants 11, no. 23 (2022): 3191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11233191.

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Rhizome fragmentation and sand burial are common phenomena in rhizomatous clonal plants. These traits serve as an adaptive strategy for survival in stressful environments. Thus far, some studies have been carried out on the effects of rhizome fragmentation and sand burial, but how the interaction between rhizome fragmentation and sand burial affects the growth and reproduction of rhizomatous clonal plants is unclear. We investigated the effect of the burial depth and rhizome fragment size on the survival and growth of the rhizomatous herb Phragmites communis using 288 clonal fragments (6 burial depths × 8 clonal fragment sizes × 6 replicates) in a field rhizome severing experiment. The ramet survival of the rhizomatous species significantly increased with the sand burial depth and clonal fragment size (p < 0.01), and the effects of the clonal fragment size on ramet survival depended on the sand burial depth. Sand burial enhanced both the vertical and horizontal biomass (p < 0.05), while the clonal fragment size affected the vertical biomass rather than the horizontal biomass. Sand burial facilitated the vertical growth of ramets (p < 0.05) while the number of newly produced ramets firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing clonal fragment size, and the maximal value appeared in four clonal fragments under a heavy sand burial depth. There is an interaction between the burial depth and rhizome fragment size in the growth of rhizome herbaceous plants. The population growth increases in the increase of sand burial depth, and reaches the maximum under severe sand burial and moderate rhizome fragmentation.

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Sozinov, O. V., K. V. Shchukina, D. S. Kessel, et al. "Long-term changes in the spectrum of plant life forms of meadow phytocenoses." Botanicheskii Zhurnal 109, no. 7 (2024): 662–74. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0006813624070025.

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On the territory of the Otradnoye research and experimental station (Leningrad Region, Russia), the changes in the species composition and spectrum of biomorphs of meadow vegetation were studied which occurred over a 60-year postagrogenic period: from the termination of intensive meadow farming in 1955–1960 to 2018–2022. A relative stability of the spectrum of life forms along with a significant long-term species variability of communities over the considered time period is shown. After 60 years, in the last 20 of which the economic use of the preserved meadow areas was terminated, there has been an increase in the species richness of the communities due to an increase in the number of long-rhizomatous species. Turf grasses and sedges show a relative stability of participation. The initial stages of overgrowing the meadow with forest are characterized by the appearance of dwarf shrubs, shrubs and trees. At the trend level, the dominance of perennial summergreen herbs has increased and the role of thin-long-rhizomatous plants has increased. At the first stage of overgrowing the meadows with forest vegetation, an increase in the participation of annual and perennial summergreen herbs was noted.

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Arias, Claudia, Gladys Lino, Elena Sánchez, Salvador Nogués, and Xavier Serrat. "Drought Impact on the Morpho-Physiological Parameters of Perennial Rhizomatous Grasses in the Mediterranean Environment." Agriculture 13, no. 6 (2023): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13061233.

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The selection of non-food crops for bioenergy production in limiting environments is a priority for energy security and climate change mitigation. Therefore, more studies are needed on the interactions between species and environmental factors in specific sites which allows their selection for biomass production. The objective of this work is to study the impact of drought on the morpho-physiological parameters of perennial rhizomatous grasses Panicum virgatum L., Miscanthus × giganteus, and Arundo donax L. in the Mediterranean environment. Plants were grown on field and trials were carried out under support-irrigation and rainfed conditions during two consecutive years. Morpho-physiological parameters were measured in May, June and August, and dry biomass at the end of the experiment. Under rainfed conditions, A. donax presented the highest photosynthesis rate (25, 15 and 10 CO2 m−2 s−1), relative water content (85–90%), and dry biomass (~4500 g plant−1) compared with P. virgatum (20, 5 and 5 CO2 m−2 s−1, 65–85% RWC and ~1400 g plant−1) and Miscanthus (18, 4 and 0 CO2 m−2 s−1, 80–10% RWC and ~260 g plant−1). It is concluded that A. donax would be the best perennial rhizomatous grass to be used as bioenergy crop under Mediterranean conditions.

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Rai, Upakar, and Barkha Rai. "Bridging Tradition and Modern Pharmacology of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb: A Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 14, no. 4 (2024): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i4.6495.

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Bergenia ciliata, a perennial rhizomatous herb holds a special place in the traditional herbal healthcare system due to its diverse therapeutic uses and potentials. Validation of its efficacy with scientific investigation is a prerequisite of any prospective herbal resource. The plant is a rich source of various bioactive chemical compounds. The present review is an attempt to consolidates comprehensive information sourced from 100 different literatures, exploring the plant's distribution, phytochemistry, traditional medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities specially focusing on some prevalent diseases of present day. The herb’s antimicrobial, anticancer, antiulcer and antidiabetic properties signify its potential in modern pharmacology. The review underscores B. ciliata's relevance in drug development and nutraceutical formulations, bridging age-old wisdom with contemporary healthcare solutions. Further exploration into its bioactive compounds and clinical applications promises innovative avenues in therapeutic intervention. Keywords: Bergenia ciliata, perennial rhizomatous herb, traditional herbal healthcare, age-old wisdom

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Dusek, J. "Seasonal Dynamic of Nonstructural Saccharides in a Rhizomatous Grass Calamagrostis Epigeios." Biologia plantarum 45, no. 3 (2002): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1016265616908.

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Zheng, Zhi, Yue Zhang, Shihu Zhang, Qun Ma, Dajie Gong, and Guoying Zhou. "Above- and belowground trait linkages of dominant species shape responses of alpine steppe composition to precipitation changes in the Tibetan Plateau." Journal of Plant Ecology 14, no. 4 (2021): 569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtab011.

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Abstract Aims Human activities and global changes have led to alterations in global and regional precipitation regimes. Despite extensive studies on the effects of changes in precipitation regimes on plant community composition across different types of grassland worldwide, few studies have specifically focused on the effects of precipitation changes on high-altitude alpine steppe at community and plant species levels in the Tibetan Plateau. Methods We investigated the effects of growing-season precipitation changes (reduced precipitation by 50%, ambient precipitation, enhanced precipitation by 50%) for 6 years on plant community composition in an alpine steppe of the Tibetan Plateau by linking above- to belowground traits of dominant species. Important Findings We found that reduced precipitation shifted community composition from dominance by bunchgrass (primarily Stipa purpurea) to dominance by rhizomatous grass (primarily Leymus secalinus). Roots and leaf traits of L. secalinus and S. purpurea differed in their responses to reduced precipitation. Reduced precipitation enhanced root vertical length and carbon (C) allocation to deep soil layers, and decreased the leaf width in L. secalinus, but it did not change the traits in S. purpurea. Moreover, reduced precipitation significantly enhanced rhizome biomass, length, diameter and adventitious root at the rhizome nodes in L. secalinus. These changes in traits may render rhizomatous grass greater competitive during drought stress. Therefore, our findings highlight important roles of above- and belowground traits of dominant species in plant community composition of alpine steppe under precipitation change.

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Dubé, Martin, and Pierre Morisset. "Nouvelles observations cytologiques chez Festuca rubra sensu lato (Poaceae) dans l'Est du Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 8 (1995): 1289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-140.

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Sixty-one chromosome number determinations in Festuca rubra L. from eastern Canada show that hexaploids plants (n = 21) are found in both natural habitats and ruderal places, octoploids rhizomatous plants (n = 28) are mostly found in ruderal places, but also in disturbed natural habitats. Morever, one aneuploid (2n = ca. 48) is found from a natural habitat and intercytotype hybrids are found in ruderal places or disturbed natural habitats. Key words: Festuca rubra, cytotypes, hybrids.

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Ryndin, Alexey, Natalia Slepchenko, and Konstantin Slepchenko. "Preservation of some rare species of natural flora in the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences." E3S Web of Conferences 494 (2024): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449401025.

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Conservation issues related to biological diversity, especially rare and endangered plant species, remain among the most pressing challenges. Scientific institutions and botanical gardens play a crucial role in addressing this problem. The Federal Research Centre "Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences" (FRC SSC RAS) has been actively involved in the study of natural flora, including rare species, since the mid-1990s. The objective of these studies was to explore 48 rare plant species belonging to 34 genera from the families Boraginaceae, Ranunculaceae, Asparagaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, and Iridaceae in the conditions of the humid subtropics of Russia. The research revealed that the studied species are perennial herbaceous plants with high decorative qualities. Among them, 29 % are rhizomatous, 23 % are bulbous, 21 % are cormous, 19 % are short-rhizomatous, and 8% are tree-like. Phenological observations indicated that all species flowered, and almost all bore fruits. Winter-flowering species constituted 10% of the collection, spring-flowering species – 48 %, summer-flowering species – 31 %, and autumn-flowering species – 10 %. The studied plant species have various conservation statuses, with 16 species listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation, 24 in the Krasnodar region, 20 in Sochi, 36 in other regions of the Russian Federation, and 20 on the IUCN Red List. Fourteen species are identified as rare and endemic.

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Araki, Kiwako, and Masashi Ohara. "Reproductive demography of ramets and genets in a rhizomatous clonal plant Convallaria keiskei." Journal of Plant Research 121, no. 2 (2008): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-007-0141-9.

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Salzman, Amy G., and Matthew A. Parker. "Neighbors ameliorate local salinity stress for a rhizomatous plant in a heterogeneous environment." Oecologia 65, no. 2 (1985): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00379229.

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VAUGHAN, DUNCAN A. "A new rhizomatous Oryza species (Poaceae) from Sri Lanka." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 103, no. 2 (1990): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1990.tb00182.x.

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Sheley, Roger L., and Jeremy James. "Resistance of Native Plant Functional Groups to Invasion by Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 3 (2010): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00056.1.

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AbstractUnderstanding the relative importance of various functional groups in minimizing invasion by medusahead is central to increasing the resistance of native plant communities. The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of key functional groups within an intact Wyoming big sagebrush–bluebunch wheatgrass community type on minimizing medusahead invasion. Treatments consisted of removal of seven functional groups at each of two sites, one with shrubs and one without shrubs. Removal treatments included (1) everything, (2) shrubs, (3) perennial grasses, (4) taprooted forbs, (5) rhizomatous forbs, (6) annual forbs, and (7) mosses. A control where nothing was removed was also established. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications (blocks) at each site. Functional groups were removed beginning in the spring of 2004 and maintained monthly throughout each growing season through 2009. Medusahead was seeded at a rate of 2,000 seeds m−2 (186 seeds ft−2) in fall 2005. Removing perennial grasses nearly doubled medusahead density and biomass compared with any other removal treatment. The second highest density and biomass of medusahead occurred from removing rhizomatous forbs (phlox). We found perennial grasses played a relatively more significant role than other species in minimizing invasion by medusahead. We suggest that the most effective basis for establishing medusahead-resistant plant communities is to establish 2 or 3 highly productive grasses that are complementary in niche and that overlap that of the invading species.

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Nguyen, Binh Thi Duy, and Viet Trang Bui. "GROWTH AND ESSENTIAL OIL ACCUMULATION IN RHIZOMES OF CURCUMA ZEDOARIA ROSC." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 3 (2011): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i3.1983.

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Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) is a herbaceous and rhizomatous perennial species found in tropical countries, such as Viet Nam, India and Thailand. Rhizomes of this plant accumulate essential oil which is used as a condiment, in perfumery, and as a medicine. Growth of the rhizomes is derived from a primary thickening meristem which produces vast amounts of parenchyma to the inside. Essential oil droplets in transverse thin sections from the rhizomes are observed under light microscope. Roles of plant growth regulators on rhizome growth and relationship between growth and essential oil production were discussed.

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Burke, Ian C., John W. Wilcut, and John Cranmer. "Cross-Resistance of a Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Biotype to Aryloxyphenoxypropionate and Cyclohexanedione Herbicides." Weed Technology 20, no. 3 (2006): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-110r.1.

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Dose-response experiments were conducted in a greenhouse on a biotype of johnsongrass from Washington County, Mississippi, to determine the level of resistance to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicide fluazifop-P-butyl and the cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicides clethodim and sethoxydim. Both seedling and rhizomatous plants were evaluated. Resistant/susceptible (R/S) ratios were calculated based onGR50values (the rate required to reduce shoot dry biomass, expressed as a percent of the control, 50%). TheGR50values for the resistant and susceptible seedling plants were 110 and 10 g ai/ha for clethodim, 193 and 34 g ai/ha for fluazifop-P-butyl, and 265 and 48 g ai/ha for sethoxydim, resulting in R/S ratios of 11.0, 5.7, and 5.5, respectively. TheGR50values for the resistant and susceptible rhizomatous plants were 609 and 39 g/ha for clethodim, 657 and 29 g/ha for fluazifop-P-butyl, and 668 and 30 g/ha for sethoxydim, resulting in R/S ratios of 15.6, 22.7, and 22.3, respectively.

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Bryson, Charles T., Richard Carter, Lambert B. McCarty, and Fred H. Yelverton. "Kyllinga, a Genus of Neglected Weeds in the Continental United States." Weed Technology 11, no. 4 (1997): 838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00043530.

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The sedge genus Kyllinga consists of 40 to 45 species distributed in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions around the world (KUkenthal 1936; Tucker 1987). This genus of low rhizomatous perennials or cespitose annuals is classified in the large cosmopolitan family Cyperaceae. Many Kyllinga species are considered weedy (Holm et al. 1979; Tucker 1987), while Kyllinga nervosa Steudel is considered an important forage plant in Africa (McNaughton 1985).

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Kaloumenos, Nikolaos S., and Ilias G. Eleftherohorinos. "Identification of a Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Biotype Resistant to ACCase-Inhibiting Herbicides in Northern Greece." Weed Technology 23, no. 3 (2009): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-08-187.1.

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A johnsongrass population from a cotton field in northern Greece along with a population from the university farm (“Control”) were evaluated for resistance to the herbicide quizalofop; cross-resistance to cycloxydim, propaquizafop, and fluazifop (acetyl coenzyme A [CoA] carboxylase [ACCase]-inhibiting herbicides), and multiple resistance to nicosulfuron (acetolactate synthase [ALS]-inhibiting herbicides). In greenhouse experiments, the application of four times the recommended rates of quizalofop and propaquizafop to suspected resistant rhizomatous plants resulted in 4 and 5% growth reduction, respectively. However, the growth of suspected resistant seedlings was reduced by 54 and 28% after the application of two times the recommended rate of the same herbicides. In contrast, the application of quizalofop and propaquizafop at recommended rates on rhizomatous plants and seedlings of the Control population reduced their growth by 97 to 100%. Also, the growth reduction of both populations by the application of cycloxydim, fluazifop, and nicosulfuron at recommended rates ranged from 93 to 100%. In the field experiment, quizalofop and propaquizafop applied at four times the recommended rate reduced growth of the suspected resistant population by 9 and 18%, respectively, whereas the recommended rate of fluazifop gave a 94% growth reduction of this weed. The herbicide rate required for 50% growth reduction (GR50) values for rhizomatous plants of the suspected resistant population were 0.90 and 2.465 kg ai/ha for quizalofop and propaquizafop, respectively, whereas the correspondingGR50values for the seedlings were 0.074 and 0.185 kg ai/ha. These results indicate that a johnsongrass population developed cross-resistance to quizalofop and propaquizafop, but did not evolve cross-resistance to cycloxydim and fluazifop or multiple resistance to nicosulfuron.

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Gloser, V. "Seasonal Changes of Nitrogen Storage Compounds in a Rhizomatous Grass Calamagrostis epigeios." Biologia plantarum 45, no. 4 (2002): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1022329210127.

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PHAM, VAN-THE, NGOC-BON TRINH, KE-LOC PHAN, and CHE-WEI LIN. "Two new species, Begonia dinhdui and B. bacmeensis (Begoniaceae), from Vietnam." Phytotaxa 427, no. 1 (2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.1.3.

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Two new species, Begonia dinhdui and B. bacmeensis are described from Vietnam. Begonia dinhdui is somewhat similar to B. austrovietnamica C.-I Peng, C.W. Lin, D.D. Nguyen & N.D. Truong, a limestone tuberous species also occurring in southern Vietnam. Both species have a periodically dormant habit and silvery variegated lamina, however, the new species differs in having a rhizomatous (vs. tuberous) rootstock, cymose (vs. racemose) inflorescence and 4-tepaled (vs. 6-tepaled) pistillate flower. Another new species, Begonia bacmeensis most closely resembles B. psilophylla Irmsch. in its stout rhizomatous rootstock, 4-tepaled staminate flower and 5-tepaled pistillate flower, but differs from the latter by having a strongly asymmetrical (vs. subsymmetric), lanceolate to oval-lanceolate (vs. ovate) lamina, tepals of staminate and pistillate flower pale green (vs. pink), ovary lateral wings surface verrucose or echinate (vs. nearly flat). Begonia dinhdui is currently known only from a single locality in Lâm Đồng Province while B. bacmeensis is rather common in Hà Giang Province.

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Gates, Judy C., and John M. Smaglila. "Initiating Rhizomes of Lowbush Blueberry with the Cytokinin 2iP." HortScience 24, no. 6 (1989): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.6.1035.

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Abstract The cytokinin N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1-4-purine-6-amine (2iP) has been used to proliferate explants of Ericaceous spp. in vitro (2, 3, 6); these explants often have a rhizomatous growth habit. (4, 6). The studies described here were designed to determine the effects of 2iP on rhizome development of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) seedlings and rooted cuttings to aid in enhancing plant cover and yield (5, 7).

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Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, and Hugh A. L. Henry. "The role of perennation traits in plant community soil frost stress responses." Annals of Botany 126, no. 5 (2020): 873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa104.

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Abstract Background and Aims Herbaceous plants can survive periods of prolonged freezing as below-ground structures or seed, which can be insulated from cold air by soil, litter or snow. Below-ground perennial structures vary in both form and their exposure to soil frost, and this structural variation thus may be important in determining the responses of plant communities to frost stress. Methods We conducted a suite of snow removal experiments in a northern temperate old field over 3 years to examine the relative freezing responses of different plant functional groups based on below-ground perennation traits. A litter removal treatment was added in the third year. Species-level percentage cover data were recorded in May, June and September then pooled by functional group. Key Results Snow removal decreased total plant cover, and this response was particularly strong and consistent among years for tap-rooted and rhizomatous species. The snow removal responses of cover for plants with root buds and new recruits from seed varied from positive to negative among years. The cover of rootstock plants consistently increased in response to snow removal. Rhizomatous species were generally the most vulnerable to litter removal. Conclusions This study is the first to explore the effects of variation in frost severity on the responses of different plant perennation trait functional groups. The responses of herbaceous species to frost may become increasingly important in northern temperate regions in the coming decades as a result of declining snow cover and increasing temperature variability. Our results reveal substantial variation in responses among perennation trait functional groups, which could drive changes in species abundance in response to variation in soil frost.

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Gargiulo, Jennifer A., and Michael E. Kane. "941 AQUARIUM PLANT MICROPROPAGATION: CRYPTOCORYNE BECKETII." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 568e—568. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.568e.

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The genus Cryptocoryne (Araceae) contains some of the most commercially important amphibious species used in the aquarium plant trade. However, seed production is rare and vegetative propagation by rhizome division is extremely slow. Procedures for in vitro establishment, axillary shoot proliferation and plantlet acclimatization of Cryptocoryne Becketti Thwaites ex Trimen were determined. Surface sterilized rhizomatous shoot tips were established on a medium consisting of Linsmaier & Skoog mineral salts and organics supplemented with 87.6 mM sucrose, 2.2 μM benzyladenine (BA) and 0.57 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) solidified with 0.8% TC® Agar. Effects of medium supplementation with factorial combinations of BA (0 - 25 μM) and IAA (0 - 10 μM) on axillary shoot proliferation from single node explants were determined after 28 days. Maximum axillary shoot proliferation (`l-fold increase) occurred on medium supplemented with 25 μM BA and 1.0 μM IAA. Excellent microcutting rooting (100%) was achieved by direct sticking in Vergro Klay Mix A. Greenhouse acclimatization of rooted microcuttings was 100%.

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Blackmon, W. J., and B. D. Reynolds. "The Crop Potential of Apios americana—Preliminary Evaluations." HortScience 21, no. 6 (1986): 1334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.6.1334.

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Abstract Apios americana Medikus, a nitrogen-fixing, viny legume that produces seeds and tubers is being evaluated as a food crop. About 2500 plants obtained from colchicine-treated and nontreated seeds, tubers from wild sites, and plants derived from tissue culture were cultivated on a silt loam soil. Two tuber-derived plants (probable clone) yielded an average of 3.747 kg and another seed-produced plant yielded 2.170 kg of tubers per plant. Plants were also found that produced mostly rhizomatous material without tubers, only fleshy roots, fleshy roots and tubers, and only tubers. More than 400 pods per plant were observed from some plants, although seed abortion greatly reduced seed yield of many otherwise normal-looking pods.

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Mallik, A. U. "Ecology of a forest weed of Newfoundland: vegetative regeneration strategy of Kalmia angustifolia." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 1 (1993): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-018.

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The vegetative regeneration characteristics of Kalmia angustifolia were studied by examining the near ground and below-ground structures of the plant. Three methods of vegetative regeneration were observed in Kalmia: layering, stem-base sprouting, and rhizomatous growth, which make the plant more resilient than other ericaceous plants of similar stature following disturbance. Layering occurred only in tall old Kalmia of undisturbed habitats. Stem-base sprouting and rhizomatous growth were found to be the most common and most effective modes of vegetative regeneration. These methods were common in both disturbed and undisturbed habitats. Three types of rhizome systems, namely primary, secondary, and tertiary rhizomes, were identified and described for the first time in Kalmia. Secondary rhizomes were found to be the most effective organ for vegetative spread of the plant. Some secondary rhizomes may grow more than 1 m in one growing season. A 5-year-old Kalmia may produce, on average, 36 secondary rhizomes with a total length of 750 cm. Secondary rhizomes of Kalmia first grow horizontally, then come aboveground growing vertically and exhibiting apical dominance. Large numbers of dormant vegetative buds (three at each node) and adventitious roots are produced at the rhizome nodes. Transverse sections of current-year rhizome showed many trichomes. The cells of the pith are thick-walled and are characterized by large lysigenous cavities. The anatomy of axillary buds and leaf primordia of the aboveground stems of Kalmia were similar to buds and bud scales of the rhizome. Key words: Kalmia, disturbance, fire, regeneration strategy, rhizome, trichomes.

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Laublin, Genevi�ve, Hargurdeep S. Saini, and Mario Cappadocia. "In vitro plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from root culture of some rhizomatous irises." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 27, no. 1 (1991): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00048200.

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Rajakani, Raja, Gothandapani Sellamuthu, Tetsuya Ishikawa, et al. "Reduced apoplastic barriers in tissues of shoot-proximal rhizomes of Oryza coarctata are associated with Na+ sequestration." Journal of Experimental Botany 73, no. 3 (2021): 998–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab440.

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Abstract Oryza coarctata is the only wild rice species with significant salinity tolerance. The present work examines the role of the substantial rhizomatous tissues of O. coarctata in conferring salinity tolerance. Transition to an erect phenotype (shoot emergence) from prostrate growth of rhizome tissues is characterized by marked lignification and suberization of supporting sclerenchymatous tissue, epidermis, and bundle sheath cells in aerial shoot-proximal nodes and internodes in O. coarctata. With salinity, however, aerial shoot-proximal internodal tissues show reductions in lignification and suberization, most probably related to re-direction of carbon flux towards synthesis of the osmporotectant proline. Concurrent with hypolignification and reduced suberization, the aerial rhizomatous biomass of O. coarctata appears to have evolved mechanisms to store Na+ in these specific tissues under salinity. This was confirmed by histochemical staining, quantitative real-time reverse transcription–PCR expression patterns of genes involved in lignification/suberization, Na+ and K+ contents of internodal tissues, as well as non-invasive microelectrode ion flux measurements of NaCl-induced net Na+, K+, and H+ flux profiles of aerial nodes were determined. In O. coarctata, aerial proximal internodes appear to act as ‘traffic controllers’, sending required amounts of Na+ and K+ into developing leaves for osmotic adjustment and turgor-driven growth, while more deeply positioned internodes assume a Na+ buffering/storage role.

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Dharmagadda Spandana, Dharmagadda Spandana, Dhegavath Akshitha Dhegavath Akshitha, Dasari Pooja Dasari Pooja, Devara konda Vaishnavi Devara konda Vaishnavi, and Dongala Manikanta Dongala Manikanta. "Curcumin and Beyond: A Review of Turmeric’s Pharmacological Benefits." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 3 (2025): 1077–89. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-100310771089.

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Turmeric (Curcuma longa), a rhizomatous herbaceous plant, has been widely studied for its therapeutic properties, largely attributed to its active constituent, curcumin. This review consolidates current findings on the pharmacological effects of turmeric and its bioactive components, including antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. Emphasis is placed on curcumin’s molecular mechanisms of action, bioavailability challenges, and the potential of turmeric beyond curcumin— highlighting other constituents like turmerones. The review also explores clinical applications and future research directions in enhancing turmeric's therapeutic efficacy.

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Jordan, David L., P. Roy Vidrine, James L. Griffin, and Daniel B. Reynolds. "Influence of Adjuvants on Efficacy of Clethodim." Weed Technology 10, no. 4 (1996): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00040744.

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Field experiments evaluated barnyardgrass, broadleaf signalgrass, and rhizomatous johnsongrass control with clethodim applied with Agri-Dex® crop oil concentrate at 1.0% v/v, the adjuvant Dash® at 1.0% v/v, the methylated seed oil Sun-It II® at 1.0% v/v, a blend of silicone surfactant plus methylated seed oil (Dyne-Amic® at 0.5% v/v) or nonionic surfactant (Kinetic® HV at 0.125% v/v), two silicone surfactants (Sylgard® 309 and Silwet L-77® surfactant) at 0.125% v/v, two other conventional nonionic surfactants (Latron AG-98™ and Induce®) at 0.25% v/v, and the acidified soya phospholipid LI-700®. When compared with the conventional nonionic or silicone-based surfactants and LI-700, clethodim at 70 g ai/ha controlled barnyardgrass more effectively when applied with Dash or Sun-It II. Broadleaf signalgrass and rhizomatous johnsongrass were controlled more effectively when clethodim was applied with Agri-Dex, Dash, Sun-It II, or Dyne-Amic. Clethodim at 70 g/ha applied with Dash or Sun-It II controlled grasses equally or greater than clethodim at 140 g/ha.

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Thomas, Daniel, Wisnu Ardi, Fernando Santana, et al. "A NEW SPECIES OF BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) FROM INDONESIA AND TIMOR-LESTE." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 80 (June 20, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2023.1973.

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A new rhizomatous, lithophytic species of Begonia (Begoniaceae – Begonia sect. Jackia) is described from material collected from limestone areas in the Indonesian and Timor-Leste parts of the island of Timor, Lesser Sunda Isles. Photographs, a provisional conservation status assessment of the new species, and an identification key to species of Begonia sect. Jackia in the Lesser Sunda Isles are provided.

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Ghosh, Arghya. "Bioformulation of antifungal herbal extract from Curcuma caesia Roxb. and Ixora coccinea L. against Botrytis cinerea Pers." Journal of Phytopharmacology 7, no. 1 (2018): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2018.7112.

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This paper represents the antifungal property of the crude rhizomatous extract of Curcuma caesia Roxb. and leaf extract of Ixora coccinea L. against Botrytis cinerea. First, the crude extract from two different plants were taken separately for antifungal screening and then both the extract used simultaneously to evaluate the better efficiency of the herbal formulation. The extract mixture shows higher efficiency in respect to antifungal potentiality than either of the plant when used solely. After that, I performed sequential solvent partitioning of the extract mixture to locate which fraction actually carries the antifungal one. Diethyl ether fraction was found to contain some bioactive phytochemical(s) that can be of ecofriendly use to control the spreading of this plant pathogen

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Chen, Jin-Song, Ning-Fei Lei, and Qing Liu. "Defense signaling among interconnected ramets of a rhizomatous clonal plant, induced by jasmonic-acid application." Acta Oecologica 37, no. 4 (2011): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2011.04.002.

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Liu, Bo, Zhimin Liu, Lixin Wang, and Zhengning Wang. "Responses of rhizomatous grass Phragmites communis to wind erosion: effects on biomass allocation." Plant and Soil 380, no. 1-2 (2014): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2104-y.

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Richard, Edward P. "Influence of Surfactants on the Toxicity of Asulam to Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and Sugarcane (Saccharumsp.)." Weed Science 34, no. 2 (1986): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500066856.

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The influence of surfactant type and concentration on the efficacy of asulam {methyl [(4-aminophenyl) sulfonyl] carbamate} for controlling rhizomatous johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] was evaluated in field and greenhouse studies. Under field conditions, nonoxynol (9 to 10 POE) [α-lp-nonylphenyl)-w-hydroxypoly (oxyethylene)] applied at concentrations of 6% (v/v) with asulam at 2.8 kg ai/ha reduced rhizomatous johnsongrass biomass by 35%, with no consistently significant difference in asulam's performance between surfactant concentrations of 0 and 3% (v/v) being observed. Asulam applied with nonoxynol at concentrations of 3 and 6% (v/v) reduced sugarcane (Saccharuminterspecific hybrids) yields and significantly offset any advantages from increased johnsongrass control. In greenhouse studies, where johnsongrass foliage was washed either 0, 1, 6, 24, or 48 h after treatment (HAT), the degree of johnsongrass control with asulam was generally not affected by the type of surfactant (paraffin-base petroleum oil-surfactant blend or alcohol-surfactant-water mixture) used. At least 48 h was needed to insure adequate basipetal translocation, hence maximum inhibition of rhizome regrowth with asulam applied alone. Increasing the surfactant concentration shortened this interval to 48 h (0.25%) to 24 h (0.5 to 1%) to 6 h (3%) to 1 h (6%).

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39

Suzuki, J. "Growth Dynamics of Shoot Height and Foliage Structure of a Rhizomatous Perennial Herb, Polygonum cuspidatum." Annals of Botany 73, no. 6 (1994): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1994.1079.

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Vorontsova, Maria S., and Nantenaina H. Rakotomalala. "The genus Tristachya (Poaceae: Panicoideae) in Madagascar." Kew Bulletin 76, no. 4 (2021): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12225-021-09974-z.

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SummaryWe present a revision of the three species of Tristachya in Madagascar. The tussock-forming T. betsileensis is a rare endemic of the quartz outcrops in the Itremo Protected Area. The rhizomatous T. isalensis and T. humbertii are common components of the sandstone outcrop vegetation in the Isalo National Park. A new combination is made. Descriptions, conservation assessments, illustrations, and a distribution map are presented.

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GHOLIPOUR, ABBAS. "Silene oxelmanii (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Iran." Phytotaxa 303, no. 2 (2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.303.2.8.

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Silene oxelmanii sp. nov. (sect. Auriculatae, Caryophyllaceae) is described as a new species from CW-Iran. The new species is a rhizomatous perennial herb morphologically similar to S. eriocalycina from which differs in having shorter leaves and alar pedicel, a longer and tomentose calyx and antophore and a capsule included in calyx. A distribution map, ecological remarks, original illustration and photos of the new species are presented.

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Hew, C. S., K. T. Koh, and G. H. Khoo. "Pattern of photoassimilate partitioning in pseudobulbous and rhizomatous terrestrial orchids." Environmental and Experimental Botany 40, no. 2 (1998): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-8472(98)00024-0.

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Yager, Lisa Y., Deborah L. Miller, and Jeanne Jones. "Woody Shrubs as a Barrier to Invasion by Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 4, no. 2 (2011): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-10-00052.1.

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AbstractCogongrass invades forests through rhizomatous growth and wind-dispersed seeds. Increased density and abundance of woody vegetation along forest edges may strengthen biotic resistance to invasion by creating a vegetative barrier to dispersal, growth, or establishment of cogongrass. We evaluated differences in dispersal of cogongrass spikelets experimentally released from road edges into tallgrass-dominated and shrub-encroached longleaf pine forests (Pinus palustris). Average maximum dispersal distances were greater in the pine–tallgrass forest (17.3 m) compared to the pine–shrub forest association (9.4 m). Spikelets were more likely to be intercepted by vegetation in pine–shrub forests compared to pine–tallgrass forests. Results suggest that dense woody vegetation along forest edges will slow spread from wind-dispersed cogongrass seeds.

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YADAV, REKHA, DILESHWAR PRASAD, SHAILJA TRIPATHI, SHUBHAM JAISWAL, and PRIYANKA AGNIHOTRI. "Bromus husainii (Poaceae:Bromeae), a new species from Valley of Flowers National Park, Uttarakhand, India." Phytotaxa 516, no. 1 (2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.516.1.5.

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Bromus husainii, a new species of Poaceae collected from Valley of Flowers National Park, Uttarakhand, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to B. confinis in having similar rhizomatous habit and purple-tinged spikelets but differs by the characters of inflorescence with heteromorphic spikelets and a band of hairs present on its collar. Moreover, presence of robust spikelets make it different from other species of Bromus.

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Gholz, H. L., D. N. Guerin, and W. P. Cropper. "Phenology and productivity of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) in a north Florida slash pine plantation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 8 (1999): 1248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-074.

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Phenological observations were used in conjunction with destructive sampling and measurements of plant cover to determine the aboveground seasonal dynamics, annual aboveground net primary production (ANPP), and responses to fertilizer applications of the rhizomatous, perennial, understory species, saw palmetto (Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small), in a north-central Florida pine ecosystem. Phenology was not significantly affected by the fertilization. Flowering, fruiting, frond initiation, and frond mortality were all highly seasonal, but while flowering was consistent, fruiting occurred in only one of the three seasons studied. Turnover rates of plant biomass averaged 22% per year over the 2 years and treatments, resulting in ANPP values of 11-37 g·m-2 per year, with higher values on fertilized plots, which amounted to 1-3% of overstory ANPP.

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Sui, Yuan, Weiming He, Xu Pan, and Ming Dong. "Partial mechanical stimulation facilitates the growth of the rhizomatous plant Leymus secalinus: modulation by clonal integration." Annals of Botany 107, no. 4 (2011): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr012.

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Fan, Yufeng, Lingling Li, Tao Ma, and Xiangyang Hou. "Melatonin Affects Leymus chinensis Aboveground Growth and Photosynthesis by Regulating Rhizome Growth." Agronomy 14, no. 6 (2024): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061151.

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Leymus chinensis is a perennial rhizomatous clone plant. It exhibits strong rhizomatous tillering and clonal growth through asexual reproduction. The root system is interdependent with aboveground growth and root growth can regulate aboveground growth and photosynthesis. Melatonin has been shown to regulate root growth and promote photosynthesis. However, it remains unclear whether melatonin affects aboveground growth and photosynthesis by regulating rhizome growth. To address this gap, we studied nine Leymus chinensis from different geographical locations, all grown under the same conditions. We selected two materials with strong (LC19) and weak (LC2) rhizome growth abilities from nine materials and treated them with exogenous melatonin. We found there were significant positive correlations between stem length, plant height, leaf number and rhizome traits. Additionally, rhizome traits showed significant positive correlations with photosynthetic indices and chlorophyll content. Specifically, for LC2, treatment with 200 μmol/L melatonin significantly increased root length, the number of extravaginal ramets and rhizome clonal growth rate by 88.72%, 43.75% and 43.70%, respectively, resulting in significant increases in aboveground traits. Similarly, for LC19, 200 μmol/L melatonin treatment led to significant increases of 74.66%, 23.02%, 62.71% and 62.72% in four traits, respectively, along with aboveground trait improvements. Furthermore, around 300 μmol/L melatonin treatment promoted photosynthetic efficiency in LC2, while around 100 μmol/L melatonin treatment had the same effect in LC19. In conclusion, our study highlights the relationship between rhizome growth ability, aboveground growth and photosynthesis in Leymus chinensis. Additionally, it suggests that exogenous melatonin can enhance aboveground growth and photosynthesis by regulating rhizome growth.

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Shabalkina, Svetlana, and Olga Perestoronina. "Floristic diversity of the state natural sanctuary "Bushkovskiy forest" (the Kirov region, Russia)." E3S Web of Conferences 539 (2024): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453901035.

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The paper presents the results of the complex analysis of the flora structure of the state natural sanctuary "Bushkovskiy forest". The research had been made on the area of 9274.8 ha within the period of 2004–2023. Route recognition method was used together with geobotanical description of certain phytocoenoses on temporary sample plots made according to traditional methods. There vascular plant flora contains 270 taxon from 196 genera, 73 families, four classes and three divisio. On the territory of the sanctuary a rare species grows which is registered in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation – Epipogium aphyllum Sw. The plants are distributed into 13 ecological-coenotic groups. As for the number of species, the floodplain meadow (21.9%), nemoral (17.0%), and boreal (12.6%) groups prevail. Among biological types hemicryptophythes prevail (49.6%); as for the biomorphological structure, dry ground grass polycarpics prevail (65.2%), and, among the latter, short rhizomatous (18.1%) and long rhizomatous (17.4%) grasses prevail. Plants of six hemerobia stages are represented in the flora, for a total, anthropophobic species (species of the a-o-m interval) account for 69.0%. Correlation of hemerobia stages, as well as a small share of adventitious species (3.0%), shows that the natural ecosystem of the sanctuary suffers from a certain anthropogenic load.

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Wang, Jun-Feng, Song Gao, Ji-Xiang Lin, Yong-Guang Mu, and Chun-Sheng Mu. "Summer warming effects on biomass production and clonal growth of Leymus chinensis." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 8 (2010): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10012.

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Understanding how the biomass production and clone growth of perennial grasses respond to summer warming is crucial for understanding how grassland productivity responds to global warming. Here, we experimentally investigated the effects of summer warming on the biomass production and clonal growth of potted Leymus chinensis in a phytotron. Summer warming significantly decreased the biomass of both parent and daughter shoots, slightly increased the belowground biomass, and lead to a significant increase in root : shoot ratio. Warming significantly increased the total belowground bud number and decreased the daughter shoot number. Importantly, the proportions of each type of bud changed; vertical apical rhizome buds decreased, while horizontal rhizome buds increased in number. The change in proportions of each type of bud is closely related to the decrease in daughter shoot number, rhizome number and length, as well as the decrease in aboveground biomass and increase in belowground biomass. These results indicate that, as a rhizomatous, perennial grass, L. chinensis adopts a selective growth strategy that reduces the energy allocated to aboveground growth and emphasises the development of belowground organs. The implication is that continued summer warming, will further reduce the aboveground biomass production of temperate grasslands dominated by rhizomatous, perennial grasses. Inevitably, species that depend on these grasses for forage will suffer should global climate warming continue.

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Hendley, Paul, John W. Dicks, Thomas J. Monaco, Susan M. Slyfield, O. John Tummon, and John C. Barrett. "Translocation and Metabolism of Pyridinyloxyphenoxypropionate Herbicides in Rhizomatous Quackgrass (Agropyron repens)." Weed Science 33, no. 1 (1985): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083867.

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Radiolabeled (14C) 2-[4-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridinyloxy)phenoxy] propionic acid (Compound C); its methyl-,n-butyl-, and ethoxyethyl-esters; and fluazifop-butyl {(±)-butyl 2-[4-[(5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl)oxy] phenoxy] propionate} were applied to the primary shoots of young rhizomatous quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv. # AGRRE]. Plants were sampled from 0.5 to 24 days after treatment (DAT) and analyzed for radiochemical. All treatments caused phytotoxic symptoms in primary shoots, rhizomes, and tillers and significantly reduced growth of primary shoots and rhizomes. Treatment with compound C or its methyl and butyl esters eliminated regrowth from all rhizomes excised from treated plants. The ethoxyethyl-ester and fluazifop-butyl controlled regrowth from rhizomes from 50% of the plants and substantially reduced shoot regrowth from the remainder. Rhizomes that did produce shoots contained significantly less radiochemical than those from which no regrowth occurred. At 24 DAT, a maximum of only 1% of each radiochemical applied was translocated to the first tiller and rhizomes and had been sufficient to cause marked phytotoxic symptoms. Soon after application (1 DAT), the major metabolites in the treated leaves and remainder of the plant for all compounds were the free acid and substantial amounts of polar conjugates that were hydrolyzable to the free acids. Radiochromatography of extracts from rhizomes and first tillers from all treatments gave similar chemical profiles, with the free acids and their conjugates as the predominant components present. These results provide evidence that esters of the pyridinyloxyphenoxypropionic acids are rapidly hydrolyzed after absorption by quackgrass; the free acids are then translocated and are the active form of these herbicides.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rhizomatous plant'

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