Journal articles: 'Rhode Island Civil War'

1

Rohrs, Richard C. "“Where the great serpent of Slavery … basks himself all summer long”1: Antebellum Newport and the South." New England Quarterly 94, no. 1 (2021): 82–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00879.

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Abstract Conventional wisdom states that New England was unsympathetic toward the South in the decades before the Civil War. The region's attitudes, however, were not homogeneous. In Newport, Rhode Island, a town dependent upon tourism and real estate investment, residents empathized with Southerners and the sectional issues that concerned them.

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Blewett, Mary H. "Traditions and Customs of Lancashire Popular Radicalism in Late Nineteenth-Century Industrial America." International Labor and Working-Class History 42 (1992): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900011200.

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During a decade of constant turmoil in the 1870s, immigrant textile workers from Lancashire, England seized control of labor politics in the southern New England region of the United States. They were men and women who had immigrated in successive waves before and after the American Civil War to the United States, specifically to the textile cities of Fall River and New Bedford, Massachusetts and to the mill villages north of Providence, Rhode Island.

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Gross, Ariela. "“Of Portuguese Origin”: Litigating Identity and Citizenship among the “Little Races” in Nineteenth-Century America." Law and History Review 25, no. 3 (2007): 467–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000004259.

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The history of race in the nineteenth-century United States is often told as a story of black and white in the South, and white and Indian in the West, with little attention to the intersection between black and Indian. This article explores the history of nineteenth-century America's “little races”—racially ambiguous communities of African, Indian, and European origin up and down the eastern seaboard. These communities came under increasing pressure in the years leading up to the Civil War and in its aftermath to fall on one side or the other of a black-white color line. Drawing on trial records of cases litigating the racial identity of the Melungeons of Tennessee, the Croatans/Lumbee of North Carolina, and the Narragansett of Rhode Island, this article looks at the differing paths these three groups took in the face of Jim Crow: the Melungeons claiming whiteness; the Croatans/Lumbee asserting Indian identity and rejecting association with blacks; the Narragansett asserting Indian identity without rejecting their African origins. Members of these communities found that they could achieve full citizenship in the U.S. polity only to the extent that they abandoned their self-governance and distanced themselves from people of African descent.

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Braum, Philip H., Martha A. Reardon, and Marjorie A. Keefe. "Waterborne Passenger Transportation Planning in Rhode Island." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1608, no. 1 (1997): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1608-01.

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The state of Rhode Island had no plan for waterborne passenger transportation, even though the state sits astride Narragansett Bay and has several existing ferry operations. The Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RIDOT) recognized the need to create such a plan to clarify the desired role of waterborne transportation in the state’s transportation system and the agency’s responsibility for its development. RIDOT undertook the development of a waterborne passenger transportation plan to guide decisions about capital investments, to provide a basis for seeking federal funding, and to assist ferry operators in their decisions about establishing or expanding services. The plan addresses a broad range of issues and includes a set of policies and actions for the state’s waterborne passenger transportation system.

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Cherpak, Evelyn. "An Oral History Project : Rhode Island Waves in the Second World War." Minerva Journal of Women and War 1, no. 2 (2007): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3172/min.1.2.91.

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6

Anderson, Christopher M., Chhandita Das, and Timothy J. Tyrrell. "Parking preferences among tourists in Newport, Rhode Island." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 40, no. 4 (2006): 334–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2005.06.005.

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7

Severson, J. C., V. Maier-Speredelozzi, J. H. Wang, and C. E. Collyer. "Rhode Island Transportation System in Natural or Human-Caused Disasters." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2041, no. 1 (2008): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2041-08.

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Zane, Sherry. "“I did It for The Uplift of Humanity and The Navy”: Same-Sex Acts and The Origins of The National Security State, 1919–1921." New England Quarterly 91, no. 2 (2018): 279–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00670.

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This essay explores U.S. national security interests on the World War I home-front from 1917-1921 in Newport, Rhode Island when Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt's covert operatives attempted to restrict same-sex acts through methods of entrapment. It argues that World War I provided government officials new opportunities to expand security concerns as it policed and punished gender and sexual non-conformity well before the Cold War.

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Ziegler, C. Kirk, and Bradley Nisbet. "Fine‐Grained Sediment Transport in Pawtuxet River, Rhode Island." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 120, no. 5 (1994): 561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1994)120:5(561).

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Young, Henry S., Robert B. Shaw, and K. Wayne Lee. "Trip Generation Study of Passenger Rail Station at Providence, Rhode Island." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1677, no. 1 (1999): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1677-02.

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Campbell, Alolade, Natacha Thomas, Christopher Hunter, and Cynthia Levesque. "Social Risk Index to Hurricanes in Coastal Regions of Rhode Island." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2009, no. 1 (2007): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2009-16.

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12

Chaput, Donald. "The Civil War Military Post On Catalina Island." Southern California Quarterly 75, no. 1 (1993): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41171654.

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13

Jayasena, Ranjith M. "Revolutionary War and an Amsterdam Privy: The Remarkable Background of a Rhode Island Ship Token." Northeast Historical Archaeology 40, no. 1 (2011): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22191/neha/vol40/iss1/7.

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14

Odeh, David J. "Natural Hazards Vulnerability Assessment for Statewide Mitigation Planning in Rhode Island." Natural Hazards Review 3, no. 4 (2002): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1527-6988(2002)3:4(177).

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15

Vashisth, Pradeep, K. Wayne Lee, and Raymond M. Wright. "Assessment of Water Pollutants from Asphalt Pavement Containing Recycled Rubber in Rhode Island." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1626, no. 1 (1998): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1626-12.

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Use of recycled rubber in asphalt pavement has been widely accepted since it overcame the scrap tires disposal problem and it has many advantages—for example, savings in quantity and cost of construction materials. In this study, hot-mix asphalt (HMA) specimens with or without crumb rubber modifier (CRM) were analyzed under different environmental conditions. The CRM was added into HMA by two processes (wet and dry processes). The CRM was procured from two different sources to prepare specimens (one source for each process). Cylindrical specimens were tested in a particle entrainment system at two different temperatures and three different pH levels. Slab specimens were simulated for rainfall conditions. Water samples were collected in all three phases of the study: preliminary investigations on individual CRM, water quality evaluation for cylindrical HMA specimens at various environmental conditions, and water quality evaluation for slab HMA specimens under simulated rainfall conditions. Collected water samples were analyzed for six metals: chromium, lead, nickel, copper, cadmium, and zinc. A general trend for these metals indicates that zinc was leached in higher concentrations than other metals and all the metals were leached in higher concentrations at higher temperature (maximum asphalt pavement temperature) and at lower pH (pH 2.0 conditions). Finally, based on the limited scope of this effort and comparison with water quality criteria, there does not appear to be any evidence that there will be a detrimental effect on the environment or to human health.

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16

Warren, Harris Gaylord. "Roberto Adolfo Chodasiewicz: A Polish Soldier of Fortune in the Paraguayan War." Americas 41, no. 3 (1985): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007097.

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Well protected by fortifications of their famed cuadrilátero, Paraguayan soldiers surely exclaimed in wonder as they looked toward Brazilian lines on June 24, 1867. There, rising slowly in a hazy wintry sky, was a captive balloon held by two strong ascension ropes. An observer with a good spyglass could have seen in the basket two men who gazed intently at the Paraguayan positions. The aeronauts were James Allen of Rhode Island and Sergeant Major Roberto Adolfo Chodasiewicz, a Polish military engineer and cartographer. This first ascension by the smaller of two balloons proved that the brothers James and Ezra Allen, with the aid of Chodasiewicz, could succeed where a Frenchman, P. L. D. Doyen, had failed on December 14, 1866.

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17

Humphrey, Thomas F. "Transportation Skills Needed by Private-Sector and Public-Sector Organizations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1924, no. 1 (2005): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192400106.

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The University of Rhode Island requested an assessment of the potential demand for developing new academic programs in the areas of transportation and logistics. Although the research focused on Rhode Island public- and private-sector organizations, it was concluded that the results have broader applications for the academic community. The research was accomplished by interviewing a total of 24 key executives in four large private companies and five large public-sector organizations. The questions focused on “skills required to do your job.” The interviews resulted in the following conclusions: ( a) a distinct difference must be made between education needs, training needs, and outreach needs; ( b) concerning public agency needs, responses tracked closely to the several national studies that have taken place over the past several years; ( c) private-sector organizations view logistics and supply chain management as critical to their bottom line; ( d) there appears to be a common interest among interviewees for universities to establish more outreach programs; ( e) private-sector companies all expressed possible interest in targeted logistics and supply chain management programs (certificate programs or individual courses could be of interest, either as traditional classroom or Internet-based); ( f) definite interest existed among public agencies to establish courses and distance-learning–based certificate programs in “transportation policy and management” (the author's label); and ( g) there were a surprising number of common needs.

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18

Hippensteel, Scott P. "Reconstruction of a Civil War landscape: Little Folly Island, South Carolina." Geoarchaeology 23, no. 6 (2008): 824–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gea.20238.

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19

Bush, David R. "Interpreting the latrines of the Johnson’s Island Civil War Military Prison." Historical Archaeology 34, no. 1 (2000): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03373631.

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20

Veeger, Anne I., Daniel P. Murray, O. Don Hermes, Jon C. Boothroyd, and Nasir Hamidzada. "Geographic Information System-Based Digital Catalog for Managing Subsurface Geotechnical and Geologic Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1821, no. 1 (2003): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1821-11.

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Knowledge of surface and subsurface geology and geotechnical properties is fundamental to planning, developing, and modernizing transportation systems. Through dynamic coupling of readily available areal geographic information system coverages and subsurface borehole data stored in a relational database, a spatially referenced digital catalog of borehole data was created for two pilot areas in Rhode Island. The borehole database was populated with data derived from Rhode Island Department of Transportation geotechnical reports and supplemental data from the U.S. Geological Survey groundwater site inventory system and local storm water and sewer projects. Most of these data were previously maintained in paper format, making historical or interproject data comparisons virtually impossible. Unification of these data in a single relational database yields two primary benefits: ( a) historical data are readily accessible for review and therefore can be incorporated easily into the planning stages of new projects and ( b) sophisticated analysis of the region becomes possible with access to data from multiple projects with both spatial and temporal coverage. Geologic data include bedrock geology, surface outcrops, unconsolidated materials, soil type, topographic and orthophotographic base maps, and location of boreholes and wells. Subsurface data include land surface elevation, depth to water table, depth to bedrock, presence of fill, high and low blow-count zones, and organic sediment. The digital catalog is distributed on a CD-ROM that includes ArcView project files and an Access relational database. The borehole data are also accessible through the Internet, with retrieval access for all users and data entry privileges for registered users.

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21

Smith, Herman A., J. Barto Arnold, and Tom Oertling. "Investigation of a Civil War anti-torpedo raft on Mustang Island, Texas." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 16, no. 2 (1987): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1987.tb01255.x.

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22

Valeo, C., and I. K. Tsanis. "Two case studies of dilution models applied to thermal discharges." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 1 (1996): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-020.

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency models CORMIX2 and UM were used to predict the ambient temperature rises from thermal discharges near Charlestown, Rhode Island, and Jamesport, Long Island, New York. Observations from two scaled model laboratory studies conducted at Alden Research Laboratories Inc. (ARL) were compared with temperature rise predictions from two numerical models. For the ARL diffuser at Jamesport, both numerical models underestimated the observed temperature rises. In the Charlestown study, UM produced results that were in good agreement with the temperature rises observed, whereas CORMIX2 underpredicted observations but remained within the model's stipulated ±50% error. However, UM was unable to model the plume shape properly, since it is primarily intended for alternating diffusers. The predicted wastefield shapes of CORMIX2 were similar to those observed in the laboratory but of greater surface area. Key words: multiport diffusers, thermal discharges, initial dilution.

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23

Laski, Gregory. "Reconstructing Revenge: Race and Justice after the Civil War." American Literature 91, no. 4 (2019): 751–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-7917296.

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Abstract This essay reconsiders the politics of African American literature after the Civil War by focusing on revenge as a response to the wrong of slavery. Though forgiveness dominates literary and historical scholarship, I assemble an archive of real and imagined instances of vengeance in black-authored texts from the period following formal emancipation to the dawn of the twentieth century: the petitions of the freedmen of Edisto Island, South Carolina; the minutes of the 1865 Virginia State Convention of Colored People; the narrative of the ex-slave Samuel Hall; and the Colored American Magazine’s coverage of the lynching of Louis Wright. Reading these works alongside Pauline E. Hopkins’s Winona (1902), I show how her novel develops a philosophy of righteous revenge that reclaims the true meaning of justice in a democracy. Ultimately, this archive can help us not only to examine anew a neglected literary period but also to reimagine racial justice, then and now.

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TANG, EDWARD. "Writing the American Revolution: War Veterans in the Nineteenth-Century Cultural Memory." Journal of American Studies 32, no. 1 (1998): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875898005805.

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With how little cooperation of the societies after all is the past remembered – At first history had no muse – but a kind fate watched over her – some garrulous old man with tenacious memory told it to his child.Henry David Thoreau,Journals (1842)In 1823, something of the bittersweet occurred in Cranston, Rhode Island: an aged revolutionary war veteran returned to his hometown after a prolonged exile in England. Hopeful about reuniting with his family and community after an absence of nearly fifty years, the old soldier was surprised and disappointed to learn that his property had been sold, his family had moved west, and few among the remaining villagers even remembered who he was. Such is the story of one Israel Potter. An adventurous fellow, he had fought at the battle near Bunker Hill, had met Benjamin Franklin, and, after being captured by the British, had roamed England after the war, continually poverty-stricken, while searching for a passage back to America. Once returned to Cranston, he applied for a federal pension for his wartime services. In all probability, Potter never received any financial compensation, but he left a narrative of his life, reminding his readers that at one point in the republic's history, he did matter.

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Derbes, Brett J. "Galveston and the Civil War: An Island in the Maelstrom by James M. Schmidt." Southwestern Historical Quarterly 117, no. 3 (2014): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/swh.2014.0002.

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26

Huebner, Jon W. "The Abortive Liberation of Taiwan." China Quarterly 110 (June 1987): 256–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000019901.

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On 1 October 1949 the People's Republic of China was formally established in Beijing. On 7 December Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi), who had earlier moved to Taiwan to secure a final base of resistance in the civil war, ordered the Kuomintang (KMT) regime to withdraw to the island from Chengdu, Sichuan, its last seat on the mainland. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) declared its commitment to the goal of unifying the nation under the People's Republic, and thus called for the “liberation” of Taiwan. Although Taiwan represented the final phase of the still unfinished civil war, it was the strategic significance of the island that became of paramount concern to the CCP, the KMT and the United States.

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Fasbinder, Jennifer, Emily Monson, Darrel Montero, Jaime Sanders, and Annie C. Williams. "Same-Gender Marriage: Implications for Social Work Practitioners." Advances in Social Work 14, no. 2 (2013): 416–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/8805.

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Notably, in 2013, Maryland, Rhode Island, Delaware, and Minnesota became the 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th states, respectively, to legalize same-gender marriage. Without legal recognition or social support from the larger society, the majority of same-gender partnerships in the U.S. are denied privileges and rights that are considered basic for heterosexual marriages. This manuscript draws from a national cross section of published survey data from 1996 to 2013 reporting Americans’ attitudes regarding same-gender marriage and civil unions. Social work practitioners have broad opportunity to apply their skills to the critical needs facing same-gender partners. After an overview of the legal status of same-gender marriages and their accompanying social and policy issues, recommendations are provided that include identification of specific needs for premarital counseling of same-gender partners and ensuring sensitivity to the myriad challenges they face.

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Garusova, O. A. "REFUGEE POPULATION IN BESSARABIA DURING THE RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR OF 1918–1921: “THE LIFE-SAVING ISLAND”." Rusin, no. 53 (September 1, 2018): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/53/16.

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Miller, DeMond Shondell, and Sotiris Chtouris. "Postcards From the Edge of Europe: Immigrant Landscapes and the Creation of Greektopia, Heterotopia, and Atopia in Lesvos, Greece." Space and Culture 20, no. 3 (2017): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331217705304.

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The island of Lesvos is composed of landscapes that have been influenced since antiquity and has been used by its inhabitants for many centuries. Now, in the wake of the civil war in Syria, social unrest in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and harsh economic and civil strife in northern Africa, more and more nonindigenous people and cultures occupy the island. Social and intercultural relations between the indigenous Greeks and non-Greeks are marked by tension and conflict as they compete for access to the island’s limited resources during this time of fiscal crisis in Greece. This postcard from two sociologists documents the struggle for space, albeit temporary, on an island where the quest for public space has led to contested landscapes of refuge and the creation or maintenance of Greektopias, or zones of exclusion.

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Langdon, J. B. R. L. "The Law of Piracy. (International Law Studies Vol.63.). By Alfred P. Rubin. [Newport, Rhode Island: US Naval War College Press. 1988. xiv + 444 pp.]." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 38, no. 4 (1989): 987–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/38.4.987.

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Madapati, Raghu Ram, K. Wayne Lee, Francis J. Manning, and Colin A. Franco. "Feasibility of Crumb Rubber Use for Asphalt Pavement Construction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1530, no. 1 (1996): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153000109.

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There are two processes of adding crumb rubber modifier (CRM) to hot mix asphalt (HMA), that is, the wet process and the dry process; and different technologies are available for each process. On the basis of the results of the binder study and producer's practices, HMA specimens were prepared using two selected AR binders with Producer R and A CRMs for Rhode Island (RI) dense-graded and dense-graded friction course (DGFC) mixtures, respectively. Aggregates procured from four local asphalt contractors were used. In addition, gap-graded HMA specimens were prepared with 3 percent CRM and control AC-20 binder with two typical local aggregates using the dry process. Marshall mix design was performed on all mixtures to determine optimum binder content and Marshall properties. Mechanical properties were evaluated for the mixtures with and without CRM. Superpave Level I mix design was also performed for dense-graded, DGFC, and gap-graded mixtures with aggregates procured from Contractor C. Finally, the performance of pavements with and without CRM was predicted using the computer program VESYS. Results of this study indicated that the use of CRM is feasible for RI dense-graded and DGFC mixtures utilizing the wet process.

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Kijewski, Sara, and Carolin Rapp. "Moving forward? How war experiences, interethnic attitudes, and intergroup forgiveness affect the prospects for political tolerance in postwar Sri Lanka." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 6 (2019): 845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319849274.

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How does civil war shape the prospects of lasting peace between formerly opposing ethnic groups after the end of violence? This article addresses the complex relationship between war experience, interethnic attitudes, interethnic forgiveness, and the willingness to permit basic civil liberties to former enemies in the context of postwar Sri Lanka. Despite the end of the 26-year-long civil war in 2009, social and political tensions between the two largest ethnic groups, the Sinhalese and the Sri Lankan Tamils, still prevail. Political tolerance is in the literature considered a crucial micro-level condition for peaceful coexistence, yet, its determinants, in particular the role of war experiences, have not received sufficient attention. Using new and unique all-island representative survey data (N = 1,420), we examine the mutual permission of civil liberties of these two ethnic groups. Our analyses reveal two important findings: first, the likelihood of granting civil liberties varies by civil liberty and ethnic group. Whereas most members of both ethnic groups are willing to grant the right to vote, to hold a speech, and to hold a government position, the right to demonstrate is highly contested, with only low shares of both Tamils and Sinhalese being willing to grant the other group this right. Second, the structural equation models reveal that the direct impact of war exposure is less powerful than expected and depends on the political right in question. Not forgiving the other ethnic group, partly driven by war experience and ethnic prejudice, appears to be a more consistent predictor of intolerance. These results imply that postwar efforts to further forgiveness are important to promote political tolerance and thereby long-lasting peace.

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Narváez, Benjamin N. "Abolition, Chinese Indentured Labor, and the State: Cuba, Peru, and the United States during the Mid Nineteenth Century." Americas 76, no. 1 (2019): 5–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2018.43.

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Abolition forced planters in the post-Civil War US South to consider new sources and forms of labor. Some looked to Spanish America for answers. Cuba had long played a prominent role in the American imagination because of its proximity, geostrategic location, and potential as a slave state prior to the Civil War. Even as the United States embraced abolition and Cuba maintained slavery, the island presented Southern planters with potential labor solutions. Cuban elites had been using male Chinese indentured workers (“coolies” or colonos asiáticos) to supplement slave labor and delay the rise of free labor since 1847. Planters in coastal Peru similarly embraced Chinese indentured labor in 1849 as abolition neared. Before the Civil War, Southerners generally had noted these developments with anxiety, fearing that coolies were morally corrupt and detrimental to slavery. However, for many, these concerns receded once legal slavery ended. Planters wanted cheap exploitable labor, which coolies appeared to offer. Thus, during Reconstruction, Southern elites, especially in Louisiana, attempted to use Chinese indentured workers to minimize changes in labor relations.

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McCarthy, Christine. "Elegance and excesses: War, Gold and Borrowings: New Zealand Architecture in the 1860s." Architectural History Aotearoa 7 (October 30, 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v7i.6785.

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The 1860s were an eventful time for architecture in New Zealand. On the eve of the decade, in 1859, William Mason became the first person to be a registered architect in New Zealand. The scene was thus set for the English idea of architecture as a profession to more substantially impact on our land. From the decade's beginning were the start of civil wars and the discovery of gold, with New Zealand's first major gold rush in Otago. It was war and gold which crudely distinguished the decade's histories of the North Island and South Islands.

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Harroff-Tavel, Marion. "Greg Hansen et Robert Seely, War and humanitarian action in Chechnya, Occasional paper No. 26, Thomas J. Watson Institute for International Studies, Providence (Rhode Island), 1996, 106 pages." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 80, no. 830 (1998): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100057063.

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Neumann, Hannah. "Identity-building and Democracy in the Philippines: National Failure and Local Responses in Mindanao." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 29, no. 3 (2010): 61–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341002900303.

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The case of the Philippines provides an interesting example of how post-colonial governments in Southeast Asia are trying to govern multi-ethnic nations. The Philippines, despite being the country in Asia with the most vibrant civil society, is still dealing with a war on the southern island of Mindanao – a war fuelled by, rather than abated by, national dynamics of identity-construction and social practices of democracy. This paper looks into these protracted national dynamics and their influence on the conflict in Mindanao. It further contrasts those with local, predominantly civil-society-based, approaches of identity re-construction and decision-making that have changed the situation for many communities on the ground, but that haven't so far had much impact on the national setting. Therefore, the final part of the paper assesses the impact of local civil-society initiatives and draws conclusions on how those could provide blueprints for national solutions and complement high-level peace talks.

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VAN STEEN, GONDA. "THE AUDACITY OF TRUTH: THE ANTIGONE OF ARIS ALEXANDROU, A PLAY OF ISLAND DETENTION FROM THE GREEK CIVIL WAR." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 54, no. 1 (2011): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.2011.00019.x.

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Abstract This article offers a thematic reading of the Antigone play that the Greek poet Aris Alexandrou finished writing in 1951, while pushed into isolation on the prison islands for leftist detainees of the Greek Civil War. It also discusses the 2003 stage production of the play by director Victor Arditti and the State Theatre of Northern Greece. Alexandrou's free adaptation of Sophocles' Antigone delivers the complex other side of the radical resistance that inspired postwar Greek politics and culture. The playwright's political views made him suffer exile within the ‘internal exile’ of his detainment on the prison islands, and the same holds true for his young and idealist protagonist Antigone. Thus the play becomes an essential piece of the less well documented debate between the Greek Left and those pushed out from within. Therefore, too, it has been particularly vulnerable to criticism – or to a fate worse than criticism: oblivion.

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Xiao, Suguang, Muhannad T. Suleiman, Clay J. Naito, and Sudhakar Neti. "Use of Geothermal Deep Foundations for Bridge Deicing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2363, no. 1 (2013): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2363-07.

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Winter deicing practices reduce the longevity of bridge infrastructure and make it difficult to achieve the national goal of a bridge service life of 100 years or more, which was set by SHRP 2. The vast majority of these bridges are supported on deep foundations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the concept of employing geothermal deep foundations (energy piles) to heat the bridge slab and thereby minimize or eliminate the use of deicing salt. This concept had the advantage of using required foundation elements to function also as heat exchangers with the surrounding soil, which approximated a constant temperature below a depth of 1 to 3 m (depending on the region). This paper describes a two-dimensional (2-D) finite element model used to assess the power demands to heat a typical bridge slab. Initially, the 2-D model of a conventional bridge (not incorporating the geothermal system) was validated by using a case study for a bridge in Rhode Island for which the temperature of the bridge slab was monitored for about 1 year. Once validated, the model was extended to include the effects of geothermal deep foundations for weather conditions in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as an example. Analyses were conducted to simulate the performance of the geothermal system with and without preheating of the bridge slab before the snow or ice formation event.

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Barceló Bauzà, Gabriel. "Photography and school culture in post-war Spain (1939-1945). A look at Majorca." Encounters in Theory and History of Education 17 (November 29, 2016): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/eoe-ese-rse.v17i0.6289.

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This article forms part of more extensive research on the changes that took place in school culture during the Fascist dictatorship in the years following the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). That research is limited to the island of Majorca and draws from a variety of different sources, including photographs. The present paper focuses on analyzing the sources of such photographs, although other testimonies and sources are also taken into account when the conclusions are drawn. The elements featured here provide material for furthering the debate on the possibilities photography offers in detecting the changes and continuities in school culture at a time of radical political transformation.

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Cross, Stephen A. "Determination of Superpave® Gyratory Compactor Design Compactive Effort for Cold In-Place Recycled Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (2003): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819b-19.

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Cold in-place recycling (CIR) is a viable pavement rehabilitation technique that recycles 100% of the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in place, without the addition of heat. One of the barriers to the use of CIR has been the lack of a suitable mixture design procedure. Researchers at the University of Rhode Island have shown that Superpave® mix design technology is applicable to CIR mixtures if the mix design compactive effort [number of compaction revolutions or gyrations ( Ndesign)] can be established for the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC). The two objectives of the present project were to determine the mix design compactive effort ( Ndesign) with the SGC required to match the field densities of CIR mixtures and to evaluate the effect of sample compaction before and after breaking of the emulsion on the Ndesign compactive effort. RAPs from seven CIR projects were obtained, as was asphalt emulsion from each project. Samples were compacted with the SGC by use of the mix water and emulsion content from the field. The change in density with the number of compaction revolutions was monitored, and the Ndesign required to match the field density was determined. The effects of RAP physical properties, such as RAP gradation, the percentage of flat and elongated particles, aggregate gradation, and angularity, on Ndesign were evaluated. RAP shape, as measured by the percentage of flaky pieces, was found to influence the compacted field density. The Ndesign compactive effort for CIR mix design was also established.

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Granato, Gregory E., and Susan Cheung Jones. "Estimating Total Maximum Daily Loads with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2638, no. 1 (2017): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2638-12.

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The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Rhode Island DOT are assessing and addressing roadway contributions to total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). Example analyses for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended sediment, and total zinc in highway runoff were done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with FHWA to simulate long-term annual loads for TMDL analyses with the stochastic empirical loading and dilution model known as SELDM. Concentration statistics from 19 highway runoff monitoring sites in Massachusetts were used with precipitation statistics from 11 long-term monitoring sites to simulate long-term pavement yields (loads per unit area). Highway sites were stratified by traffic volume or surrounding land use to calculate concentration statistics for rural roads, low-volume highways, high-volume highways, and ultraurban highways. The median of the event mean concentration statistics in each traffic volume category was used to simulate annual yields from pavement for a 29- or 30-year period. Long-term average yields for total nitrogen, phosphorus, and zinc from rural roads are lower than yields from the other categories, but yields of sediment are higher than for the low-volume highways. The average yields of the selected water quality constituents from high-volume highways are 1.35 to 2.52 times the associated yields from low-volume highways. The average yields of the selected constituents from ultraurban highways are 1.52 to 3.46 times the associated yields from high-volume highways. Example simulations indicate that both concentration reduction and flow reduction by structural best management practices are crucial for reducing runoff yields.

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Leaning, Jennifer. "Disasters and Humanitarian Crises: A Joint Future for Responders?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 4 (2008): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005884.

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In the last 35 years, the disaster and humanitarian communities have evolved rapidly in two parallel cohorts. The disaster enterprise in the US and Latin America grew up in the 1970s in response to a series of major earthquakes, hurricanes, and forest fires, culminating with the nuclear disaster at Three Mile Island and the formation of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 1979/80. The Disaster Program at the Pan-American Health Organization also took form in the 1980s.The humanitarian enterprise can be traced to the Biafran War of 1968/69, where a range of international, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) converged to respond to support a population that was fleeing a civil war and famine. In the years since, drawn to refugees and internally displaced persons in war circumstances as varied as Angola, Afghanistan, and Bosnia, the humanitarian community has expanded in numbers, reach, and budget.

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Gillispie, James. "I Fear I Shall Never Leave This Island: Life in a Civil War Prison by David R. Bush (review)." Journal of the Civil War Era 3, no. 1 (2013): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2013.0015.

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Heidemann, Birte. "The symbolic survival of the “living dead”: Narrating the LTTE female fighter in post-war Sri Lankan women’s writing." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 54, no. 3 (2017): 384–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989417723414.

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This article examines the lingering presence of the female militant figure in post-war Sri Lankan women’s writing in English. Through a careful demarcation of the formal–aesthetic limits of engaging with the country’s competing ethno-nationalisms, the article seeks to uncover the gendered hierarchies of Sri Lanka’s civil war in two literary works: Niromi de Soyza’s autobiography Tamil Tigress (2011) and Nayomi Munaweera’s debut novel Island of a Thousand Mirrors (2012). The reading draws attention to the writers’ attempt to “historise” the LTTE female fighter and/or suicide bomber within Sri Lanka’s complex colonial past and its implications for the recent history of conflict. The individual motives of the female fighters to join the LTTE, the article contends, remain ideologically susceptible to, if not interpellated by, the gendered hierarchies both within the military movement and Tamil society at large. A literary portrait of such entangled hierarchies in post-war Sri Lankan texts, the article reveals, helps expose the hegemonic (male) discourses of Sri Lankan nationalism that tend to undermine the war experiences of women.

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Muscalus, Alexandra, and Kevin Haas. "CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC PROCESSES DRIVING TIDAL RIVER ISLAND SHORELINE CHANGE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.currents.59.

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Bird/Long Island is a dredge-spoil island located between the north and south channels near the inlet of the Savannah River at the border of Georgia and South Carolina. The island is in a tidally dominant environment and contains cultural and natural resources, including remnants of a Civil War era artillery battery. As a wetland mitigation bank, it is particularly important to the state of Georgia. However, these resources are under threat from documented and ongoing sea level rise, shoreline change (i.e., erosion and accretion) from natural and anthropogenic causes, and land subsidence. In addition to substantial tidal and freshwater flows, the island is subject to locally-generated wind waves primarily from northeast winds, as well as wake from the large container ships transiting to and from the Port of Savannah. A previous study examined the effects of wind and vessel-generated waves on shoreline retreat for the Fort Pulaski National Monument on nearby Cockspur Island (Houser, 2010). The study concluded that while the vessel-generated waves account for nearly 25% of the energy, the wind waves during storm events with increased water levels accounted for the majority of the marsh retreat. Although the proximity of this previous study site to Bird/Long Island is relevant, the different orientations of the islands and the narrowing of the channel create a different hydrodynamic environment. The present work uses field data to characterize the hydrodynamic processes affecting Bird/Long Island, which will improve modeling of its shoreline change.

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Konecny, Peter. "From Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia and the World, 1939-1941, edited by Bern WegnerFrom Peace to War: Germany, Soviet Russia and the World, 1939-1941, edited by Bern Wegner. Providence, Rhode Island, Berghahn Books, 1997. vii, 632 pp. $75.00." Canadian Journal of History 34, no. 2 (1999): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.34.2.288.

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Senterre, Bruno, Ming Yee Chew, and Richard C. K. Chung. "Flora and vegetation of Pulau Babi Tengah, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia." Check List 11, no. 4 (2015): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1714.

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Pulau Babi Tengah is a small granitic island, ca. 106 ha, lying off the south-east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Except for plantation of coconut trees in the early 1900s and deforestation by refugees during the Vietnamese civil war, 1975–1981, the island has not been affected by human development and very few species have been introduced. Recently, a tourist resort has opened in the south and has initiated activities for the conservation of biodiversity. As part of that commitment, an exhaustive inventory of all terrestrial vascular plants has been done. The flora contains 312 taxa with 252 genera and 101 families. Several rare species, known only from this group of islands in Peninsular Malaysia, are recorded, as well as four Peninsular Malaysian endemic species. The most striking characteristic of Pulau Babi Tengah is the rarity of the exotic element, which is restricted to the anthropic areas.

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WIMALARATANA, WIJITAPURE. "Promotion of Cultural Tourism in Sri Lanka with Special Reference to the North Central Province." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 217 (July 1, 2013): 15–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2013.217.01.

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Sri Lanka is an island in the Indian Ocean located to the south of India and separated from Indian subcontinent by a small straight. The island has been one of the major tourist attractions since antiquity. End of the protracted civil war is a blessing for the recent surge of tourist arrival and the rapid expansion of tourism facilities on the island. Although small, the island is rich in religious and cultural diversity with an immense attraction to the tourist. Buddhism is the main religion of the overwhelming majority of people even though Hinduism, Christianity and Islam are practiced side by side by several followers. The rich cultural heritage rotating around the religious practices, tolerance and beliefs ranges from historical monuments and ancient cities through meditation, yoga, folk music and dances, festivities, ceremonies and rituals. Special sites with multi-religious attractions reflect the diversity and uniqueness of a rich culture. North Central province is rich in religious and cultural resources than any other province in Sri Lanka. Only a small fraction of these vast resources has been utilized by the tourism industry so far. The promotion of the religious and cultural tourism products in the province will open new avenues for tourists as well as many people of the province.

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Fazil, M. M., and M. A. M. Fowsar. "The End of Sri Lanka’s Civil War and the Fall of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE): A Critical Analysis of the Contributed Factors to the Defeat of the LTTE." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 4 (2020): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n4p147.

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Sri Lanka came to the international limelight through the backdrop of its undesirable war against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) that lasted over three decades. The LTTE was formed as a social force, and then it transformed as a leading armed movement to forward their decades-long quest to set up a Tamil homeland in Sri Lanka. The government ended the LTTE&rsquo;s secessionist struggle in May 2009 after a lengthy and bloody battle. Several national and international factors played a crucial role in ending the civil war sooner. The study used a qualitative method of inquiry to explore the key factors that led to the fall of the LTTE, a vigorous armed movement that attempted to set up a separate state in the Island of Sri Lanka. The findings show that strong political leadership, fortified security forces, implementing sophisticated national security strategies, the split of the LTTE and the global war on terrorism are the major factors that had a significant impact and contributed in the LTTE being defeated in 2009.

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Leffler, Christopher T., Stephen G. Schwartz, Ricardo D. Wainsztein, Adam Pflugrath, and Eric Peterson. "Ophthalmology in North America: Early Stories (1491-1801)." Ophthalmology and Eye Diseases 9 (January 1, 2017): 117917211772190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179172117721902.

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New World plants, such as tobacco, tomato, and chili, were held to have beneficial effects on the eyes. Indigenous healers rubbed or scraped the eyes or eyelids to treat inflammation, corneal opacities, and even eye irritation from smoke. European settlers used harsh treatments, such as bleeding and blistering, when the eyes were inflamed or had loss of vision with a normal appearance (gutta serena). In New Spain, surgery for corneal opacity was performed in 1601 and cataract couching in 1611. North American physicians knew of contralateral loss of vision after trauma or surgery (sympathetic ophthalmia), which they called “sympathy.” To date, the earliest identified cataract couching by a surgeon trained in the New World was performed in 1769 by John Bartlett of Rhode Island. The American Revolution negatively affected ophthalmology, as loyalist surgeons were expelled and others were consumed with wartime activities. After the war, cataract extraction was imported to America in earnest and academic development resumed. Charles F Bartlett, the son of John, performed cataract extraction but was also a “rapacious privateer.” In 1801, a doctor in the frontier territory of Kentucky observed anticholinergic poisoning by Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) and suggested that this agent be applied topically to dilate the pupil before cataract extraction. John Warren at Harvard preferred couching in the 1790s, but, after his son returned from European training, recommended treating angle closure glaucoma by lens extraction. Other eye procedures described or advertised in America before the 19th century included enucleation, resection of conjunctival lesions or periocular tumors, treatment of lacrimal fistula, and fitting of prosthetic eyes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rhode Island Civil War'

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