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Chapman, S. D. "Rhodes and the City of London: Another View of Imperialism." Historical Journal 28, no. 3 (September 1985): 647–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00003344.
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There have been any number of biographies of Cecil Rhodes but they are all concerned with his imperialist dreams and dieir realization, paying litde attention to his business career and financial connexions in London. This is surprising in view of J. A. Hobson's identification of finance as ‘the motor-power of Imperialism’ and his reference to the prime role of Rothschilds (Rhodes' financiers) and other Jewish firms. The name of Rothschild is of course mentioned in the biographies, but the merchant bank's contribution is nowhere probed and the student of business history or imperialism is left to draw his own inferences from its characteristically low profile. Perhaps Rothschilds only receive passing mention because their contribution was very modest, an initial priming for a client that needed litde external financial support? Or, following Hobson, conceivably the bankers were the real powers behind Rhodes, ‘the prime determinants of imperial policy’? Recent revelations of some of Rhodes' business deals have not improved his reputation, and it is important to know if his financial backers were in any way responsible for the unsavoury aspects of his business record.
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Rice, E. E. "Grottoes on the acropolis of hellenistic Rhodes." Annual of the British School at Athens 90 (November 1995): 383–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400016269.
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The city of Rhodes, founded in 408/7 BC, took full advantage of the possibilities offered by a previously uninhabited site. In the acropolis area many of the main public structures were laid out in an open, natural landscape, but approaches to the summit from the city led past extensive, interconnecting artificial grottoes and ‘nymphaea’, decorated in flamboyant style. These were aligned with the city's grid-plan, and adjoined streets and stoas formalizing their ornamental aspects. The grottoes offered spatial distraction and visual interest, and served as cool, shady venues for displays of small votives to unknown deities; some apparently gave access to the underground aqueducts. The acropolis, as well as a monumental area, was a focus for private religious activity, seen in these dedications. The ornamental landscaping of the acropolis is to be understood, not in terms of a ‘pleasure park’, but as a fitting adornment for a primarily sacred area.
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PAPPAS, NIKOLAOS V. "City of Rhodes: Residents' Attitudes toward Tourism Impacts and Development." Anatolia 19, no. 1 (July 2008): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2008.9687053.
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Atwill, Janet M. "Memory, Materiality, and Provenance in Dio Chrysostom's “Rhodian Oration”." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 3 (May 2014): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.3.456.
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In the late first century CE, probably under the rule of the Roman Emperor Titus, the Greek Bithynian Sophist Dio Chrysostom traveled to the city of Rhodes to scold its citizens for their treatment of statues. These were not religious statues, nor were they exemplary works of art. They were certainly not the marble statues commissioned by wealthy individuals for private display. In what would be known as his “Rhodian Oration,” Dio interceded on behalf of honorific portrait statues, erected by the city to honor those who had provided public gifts or services. This exchange of gift and honor is now referred to as euergetism (good works) or benefactions—a system of finance and governance whereby individuals subsidized public functions (such as religious festivals) and the construction of public facilities (such as the baths) or provided other gifts and services to the city. According to Dio, Rhodes was reusing honorific portrait statues—authorizing artisans to chisel out the names of those previously honored and reinscribe the statues' bases with the names of new honorees. As Dio argues, the city was, effectively, plundering its own statues.
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Backscheider, Paula R. "Behind City Walls: Restoration Actors in the Drapers' Company." Theatre Survey 45, no. 1 (May 2004): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557404000067.
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In 1934, Louis B. Wright wrote, “All the world knows since the publication of studies by Professors Graves, Rollins, and Hotson that . . . [the drama's] light never went out completely.” Yet in a 2001 reference book, a contributor writes, “After an eighteen year hiatus. . . .” No wonder that Dale Randall could legitimately write in 1995, “We are asked to believe that little or nothing happened in English drama for the next eighteen years” beginning in 1642. His Winter Fruit is an important survey of dramatic activity during the Interregnum, and scholars continue to document the varieties of theatrical activities in the period. My essay is a modest contribution to the accumulation of details about a lingering, integral puzzle: how two London companies with experienced actors and new stars came into existence so quickly in 1660. It also shows that the Old City of London was not as inhospitable to drama as it is often portrayed. The piece of this puzzle that I can supply is the picture of John Rhodes and the Drapers' Company. Of Rhodes, John Downes wrote that in the winter of 1659–60 he “fitted up a House then for Acting call'd the Cock-Pit in Drury-Lane, and in a short time Compleated his Company.” Downes supplies a list of plays acted there beginning in February and comments that one of these new actors, Thomas Betterton, then “but 22 Years Old, was highly Applauded for his Acting . . . ; his Voice being then as Audibly strong, full and Articulate, as in the Prime of his Acting.”
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Jones, C. P. "The Rhodian Oration Ascribed to Aelius Aristides." Classical Quarterly 40, no. 2 (December 1990): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800043081.
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Among the works of Aelius Aristides is preserved one entitled the Rhodian ('Pοδιακ⋯ς, sc. λ⋯γος, no. 25) It concerns an earthquake which has recently struck the city of Rhodes, and since Keil's edition of 1898 it has usually been considered spurious.The work reproduces a true speech, not something like an open letter: the clearest sign is when the author uses the deictic pronoun τοετ⋯, ‘this here’, of the place in which he is speaking (53). One question is best discussed at the outset, since later it will prove vital to the question of authenticity: does the speaker claim to have been in Rhodes at the moment of the earthquake? Keil assumed without argument that he does. He had clearly visited the city before the disaster as well as after it (4, 32), but despite the vividness of his descriptions he nowhere says that he was present, and this reticence surely implies that he was not; and if he had been it is odd that he should talk of ‘the actual climax of the thing that befell you’ (τ⋯ν ⋯κμ⋯ν αὐτ⋯ν το comflex περιστ⋯ντος πρ⋯γματος, 19), using the second person plural. I infer that the speaker had not been present, but gave the speech several months after the event (εἰςμ⋯νας, 28); in the last part of this paper I will argue that he is Aristides, stopping at Rhodes on his wayback from Egypt to Smyrna in or about 142.
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Karatzetzou, Anna, Caterina Negulescu, Maria Manakou, Benjamin François, Darius M. Seyedi, Dimitris Pitilakis, and Kyriazis Pitilakis. "Ambient vibration measurements on monuments in the Medieval City of Rhodes, Greece." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 13, no. 1 (July 12, 2014): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9649-2.
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Conrad, Lawrence I. "The Arabs and the Colossus." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 6, no. 2 (July 1996): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300007173.
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In 305 B.C. Demetrius I Poliorcetes of Macedonia (r. 321–283), pursuing his ambition of reuniting the empire of Alexander, marched against the island city of Rhodes, which since the partition of 323 had been able to reassert its independence and pursue its own foreign policies. The ensuing siege, one of the most famous military campaigns of Hellenistic times, was a failure, and in 304 Demetrius was obliged to admit defeat and withdraw, leaving behind his siege train and large amounts of other military stores. The jubilant Rhodians gathered up this equipment and sold it for 300 talents, which, in gratitude for their deliverance, they used to commission a spectacular monument to the sun god Helios, the focus of a lively cult at Rhodes. The sculptor selected for the task was Chares, an artist from the town of Lindos (about 40 kilometres south of the capital) and a student of the renowned Lyssipus, who had recently erected a great bronze statue of Zeus at Tarentum in Italy.
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Ebbinghaus, Susanne. "Protector of the city, or the art of storage in early Greece." Journal of Hellenic Studies 125 (November 2005): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0075426900007102.
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AbstractIn the Late Geometric and Orientalizing periods, storage vessels with elaborate relief decoration were produced in several Aegean islands, most notably the northern Cyclades, Crete and Rhodes. This article interprets the amphora-shaped relief pithos as a function of prevailing social, economic and living conditions. It is argued that rather than being inspired by funerary or votive uses, the relief pithoi of the Tenian-Boeotian group are the material expression of the vital importance of food storage, which not only ensured subsistence but was an essential prerequisite for social differentiation. Relief pithoi were a form of conspicuous storage. Against this background, the unique iconography of the Tenian-Boeotian pithoi is revisited and the enigmatic fallen warrior on the Mykonos Pithos identified as a possible role model for seventh-century aristocrats.
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Kampouropoulou, Maria. "Teaching Arts Using the Project Method. Students’ Views Towards the Subject of Arts." Journal of Education and Training 2, no. 2 (March 30, 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jet.v2i2.7352.
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<p class="2M-body">The paper refers to the use of project method by students who were attending the first, second and third grade of High School in Greece. We designed and realized a research in order to examine the improvement of students’ attitudes and views towards the subject of Arts using the project method. The subject of the project in the first grade of High School was “the traditional village of Lindos”, the subject of the project in the second grade was “the medieval city of Rhodes” and the subject of the project in the third grade was "the acropolis of Filerimos". All the areas under study were in Rhodes, Greece. Questionnaires were given to the students before and after the teaching interventions which was realized during the first quarter of the school year 2014-2015. The results showed that the use of project method vindicated the goals of the research and improved significantly the students' views and attitudes towards the subject of Arts.</p>
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Edmond, Murray. "Watch Them Closely." Counterfutures 10 (July 27, 2021): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v10.6942.
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The method employed in this intervention is an active performance in writing, using the voice of a docent, who guides a small party of the curious, and possibly bewildered, on a walking tour of Auckland’s inner-city monuments. The subject of what gets commissioned, created, and installed under the general heading of a public monument can be placed within the context of the recent and continuing range of disputes and confrontations about monuments—Rhodes in England and South Africa, Civil War statues in the United States, Cook in Aotearoa New Zealand. This article attempts a mediation (not to be misread as a ‘meditation’) of the messages a selection of Auckland’s city monuments send out on a daily basis, subliminal as some of them are. The intention is to carry out a ‘close reading’ of Auckland’s monuments and, hopefully, to alter the wave-length of the light in which the city is bathed.
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Mcvea, Harry. "“Heard It Through the Grapevine”: Chinese Walls and Former Client Confidentiality in Law Firms." Cambridge Law Journal 59, no. 2 (June 29, 2000): 370–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300000167.
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The article addresses the public policy issues associated with former client confidentiality and law firm mergers and, in the light of these, it examines the claim, endorsed by City firms and others, that market-based solutions, such as Chinese walls, promote the interests of the profession without imperiling the interests of justice. The House of Lords' ruling in Prince Jefri BolkiahV. KPMG and Laddie J's interpretation of it in YoungV. Robson Rhodes are analysed with the aim of assessing the impact of both decisions on the above claim and their consequences for the legal profession generally.
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Stefanis, Nikolaos-Alexis, Panagiotis Theoulakis, and Christodoulos Pilinis. "Dry deposition effect of marine aerosol to the building stone of the medieval city of Rhodes, Greece." Building and Environment 44, no. 2 (February 2009): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.03.001.
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Silver, Carole G. "VICTORIANS LIVE: Images of Empire: Art and Artifacts in Cape Town, South Africa." Victorian Literature and Culture 34, no. 1 (March 2006): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150306211197.
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CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA–eclectic, vibrant, and heterogeneous–still bears the marks of its past as a site of Victoria's empire. The city abounds in English Victorian artifacts: buildings, statues, fountains, streets and their names (even to Victoria Street and Rhodes Drive) are all reminders of the period, but one wonders what, if anything, they mean to the people who live with them. Some recognize them as a legacy–pleasant or unpleasant– of the days when the Cape was a British colony; to others they are symbols whose context has been forgotten, to yet others, they are simply objects devoid of extrinsic meaning. All are, however, artifacts of imperialism, in its broader sense of the social, political, economic, and cultural domination of one group over all others.
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Papavasileiou¬, Vasileios, Eleni Nikolaou, Nikos Andreadakis, Yota Xanthacou, Dimitrios Matzanos, and Maria Kaila. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF LOCAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." vol 5 issue 15 5, no. 15 (December 29, 2019): 1327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18769/ijasos.592100.
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Sustainable local development aims to improve economy while taking into account environmental protection. Within this context, the contribution of women to sustainable local development over the years is essential to be explored in order to highlight the importance of their offer. This research aims to investigate the role of women in environmental protection for sustainable local development in a Greek island, Rhodes. A semi-structured interview was designed as a data collection tool. It was a field research which was conducted in the villages of the island as well as in the city of Rhodes. The sample of the survey was composed of women over sixty-five (65) years of age. The results of the survey show that the participation of women was particularly important in the environmental protection of the island, as their daily habits and occupations were environmentally friendly. The yards of their houses were decorated with flowers and trees. In their gardens they planted vegetables that were cultivating without using fertilizers or pesticides. They also collected rain water and they generally spent water with great care and attention. They did not throw the excess food in the garbage, they were giving pets or domestic animals the leftover food, and they also made sure that garbage from housework was scarce. Therefore, their work, their everyday habits and their way of life did not burden the environment, so they made a decisive contribution to the sustainable development of the island. Keywords: environmental, local sustainable development, women
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Regis, Helen, Rachel Breunlin, and Ronald Lewis. "Building Collaborative Partnerships through a Lower Ninth Ward Museum." Practicing Anthropology 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.33.2.mu53h77518u285pt.
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During a recent Sunday afternoon parade in the Lower Ninth Ward of New Orleans, Ronald W. Lewis hosted a birthday party for his wife Charlotte, during which he grilled in his backyard near the wraparound deck connecting his house to his museum, the House of Dance & Feathers (HODF). Dedicated to some of the most well known Black cultural traditions in New Orleans, including Mardi Gras Indians and Social and Pleasure Clubs, as well as the history of his neighborhood, it was founded by Ronald in 2003. After massive flooding devastated the neighborhood during Hurricane Katrina, the museum was rebuilt by Project Locus (a design and build nonprofit led by Patrick Rhodes), volunteer architecture students, and the Tulane City Center, and has since been featured in the Venice Biennale and Architectural Record.
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Anastasiou, A., E. Syrokou, S. Tapinaki, and A. Georgopoulos. "HOLISTIC 3D DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF A BYZANTINE CHURCH." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 14, 2020): 1363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-1363-2020.
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Abstract. The aim of the present paper is the geometric documentation of the church of St Spyridon using modern digital methods of data collection and processing. The church is located in the Medieval City of Rhodes and the residues of several different historical phases found in the church prove the rarity and the amount of alterations it underwent over the years.Geodetic measurements, laser scanning and acquisition of photographic data were performed, in order to construct the 3D model of the church. 23 drawings were drafted at a scale of 1:50, including horizontal sections, exterior and vertical sections. The projected information of each drawing is described with the help of the corresponding orthophotographs. Moreover, the three-dimensional photorealistic model (textured model) of the church was created, as well as a stereoscopic video and interactive virtual tour, via the 3DHOP platform.
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Karatzetzou, Anna, Dimitris Pitilakis, and Stella Karafagka. "System Identification of Mosques Resting on Soft Soil. The Case of the Suleiman Mosque in the Medieval City of Rhodes, Greece." Geosciences 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070275.
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The present study focuses on the dynamic system identification of the Suleiman Mosque minaret in the medieval city of Rhodes, Greece. Suleiman Mosque was built in 1522 at the site of the destroyed Christian Church of the Apostles. First, we performed sets of ambient vibration measurements at the minaret of the monument. Based on these data, we calculated the eigenproperties of the minaret. Next, we modeled the monument in three dimensions, using the finite element method. Six numerical models were considered. Model Ι is the simplest one (isolated, fixed base minaret). Model VI is the most complicated one (simulation of the whole mosque also considering soil–structure interaction and foundation flexibility). The calculated predominant periods and mode shapes of Models I–VI are validated against the microtremor field measurements, recorded on the minaret’s two floors and ground level. We elaborate on the reliability of finite element models for earthquake response evaluation, considering soil–structure interaction and foundation flexibility on the mode shape eigenfrequencies. Additionally, we discuss the seismic response of the minaret compared to the whole monument. We observed no significant difference in the first two modes of response, implying that the minaret’s dynamic behavior is slightly affected by the entire mosque’s presence.
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Zafiropoulou, Basiliki, and Maria Darra. "Contribution of the E-Portfolio to the Improvement of Students’ Performance: Results from a Pilot Survey in the Second Grade of Primary School in Greece." International Education Studies 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n7p119.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of the electronic portfolio (e-portfolio) to improving students’ performance and the sustainability of their knowledge. The method used is the experiment with an experimental and a control group, and a pair of pre and post measurements. The survey was carried out during the first trimester of the 2016-2017 school year and its duration was 30 teaching hours. The sample consisted of 40 pupils of the second grade of primary school in the city of Rhodes. The findings of the survey show that the students of the experimental group who used the e-portfolio scored higher in all assessments and managed to maintain the knowledge they achieved by scoring higher results in the second assessment of the material fifteen days later, compared to the students in the control group who used the traditional printed portfolio and scored lower in their performance ratings.
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Feleki, Eleni, Charisios Achillas, Christos Vlachokostas, Alexandra Michailidou, Leticia Ortega, and Nicolas Moussiopoulos. "Preservation of the Mediterranean Identity: An Intra-City Analysis Towards a Macro-Regional Approach for the Characterisation of Urban Sustainability." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2018): 3551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103551.
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Globalisation combined with high urbanisation trends affects not only the traditional pillars of sustainability (environment, society, and economy), but also local identity. Customs and traditions are fading away and alienation is the result of new lifestyles deriving mainly from high interaction between locals and foreigners (focus on tourism). Facing the challenge of characterising urban sustainability, reflection on special characteristics of the urban fabric that are affected (spatial dimension of sustainability) is not always considered. Even though a lot of research is dedicated to the characterisation of urban areas’ sustainability, the element of local, regional, and macro-regional identity seems not to be systematically incorporated. This work attempts to develop and test a methodological framework to identify and prioritise the common symbolic elements that constitute the identity of a group of cities and that need to be sustained. The study focuses on the Euro-Mediterranean region. A survey is addressed to 64 scientists from five cities: Dubrovnik, Genoa, Rhodes, Valencia, and Venice. “Urban structure” is revealed as the most important element that constitutes the “Mediterranean identity”. Moreover, the level of threat deriving from mass tourism on the “Mediterranean identity” is estimated. The survey provides insight into the definition of the spatial dimension of sustainability and the determination/weighting of the case-specific component of an integrated urban sustainability assessment tool.
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Zafiropoulou, Vasiliki, and Maria Darra. "Students' Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding the Use of E-Portfolio as an Alternative Form of Assessment: Results from a Pilot Survey in Greek Primary Education." International Journal of Education 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v11i1.14350.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of the eportfolio to the development of positive attitudes and beliefs of students towards school and learning, as well as to the acquisition of self-assessment skills by students. The method used is the experiment using an experimental and a control group and two pre and post measurements. The survey was carried out during the first trimester of the school year 2016-2017 and a sample of 40 pupils of the second grade of the elementary school in the city of Rhodes. The findings of the survey show that students of both groups after the end of the intervention have a more positive attitude towards school and learning, but the experimental group that utilized the eportfolio has even higher rates of positive responses. In addition, in relation to the contribution of the eportfolio to the development of self-assessment skills by students, the students of the e-portfolio experimental group evaluated their performance higher than their teacher's assessment.
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Canet, Fernando. "Chop Shop and Foreign Parts settle on the fuzzy boundary between fiction and documentary: new representations of New York City in Contemporary Cinema." CINEJ Cinema Journal 2, no. 2 (June 4, 2013): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cinej.2013.68.
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Capturing reality has been a constant aim of different movements throughout the history of the cinema. Historically, this challenge has been taken up by makers of both documentaries and fiction, through hybrid proposals that blended strategies from both fields. Even though these proposals have been ignored by traditional film historians, they constitute a persistent tendency from the cinema’s earliest times, as Rhodes and Springer pointed out in their book Docufictions: Essay on the intersection of documentary and fictional filmmaking (2006). There are good examples of these proposals in contemporary cinema that have even won awards at leading international film festivals, including the two movies referred to in this paper: the fictional Chop Shop made by Ramin Bahrani in 2007 and the documentary Foreign Parts by Verena Paravel and J.P. Sniadecki in 2010. Both movies try to portray the same reality in the form of the little known Willets Point (Queens, New York City). Both films aim to show the truth behind the reality portrayed by its inhabitants in real life situations. The main goal of this paper is to reveal their manner of doing this and to show how both movies, even though belonging to different genres, share the same strategies to such an extent that their images could be interchangeable.
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Yu, Shaolu, Madalyn Bryant, Emily Messmer, Sophia Tsagronis, and Sarah Link. "“Is there a bubble to burst?”-college students’ spatial perception of campus and the city, a case study of rhodes college in memphis, TN." Urban Geography 39, no. 10 (June 7, 2018): 1555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2018.1481602.
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Gandhi, Aradhana Vikas, and Dipasha Sharma. "Technical efficiency of private sector hospitals in India using data envelopment analysis." Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, no. 9 (November 29, 2018): 3570–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2017-0135.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the performance of Indian hospitals in recent past and derive meaningful insights for policy makers and practicing managers in this area. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the technical efficiency of select Indian private hospitals using three related methodologies: data envelopment analysis (DEA), Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) and Tobit regression. Two output variables (i.e. total income and profit after tax) and four input variables (i.e. cost of labour, net fixed assets, current assets and other operating expenses) were selected for the purpose of the study. Findings DEA analysis has shown that 14 out of 37 hospitals are found to be efficient under the Cooper and Rhodes model of DEA and 20 out of 37 hospitals are efficient under the Banker, Charles and Cooper model of DEA. The empirical results pertaining to MPI indicate an overall productivity progress in the private Indian hospital industry during the study period, which is largely due to technological advancement in the industry. Tobit regression demonstrates that chain affiliated, specialized and multi-city located hospitals exhibit a higher technical efficiency. Research limitations/implications This study has a limitation with reference to the unavailability of data on the input and output parameters of the model. The data related to the number of beds, number of doctors, number of nurses, etc., were not available for the period under consideration. Originality/value This study seems to be one of the few studies applying productivity and performance analysis using DEA, MPI and Tobit regression for the Indian private hospital industry.
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Wujewski, Tomasz. "Kolos rodyjski: gdzie stał i jak był wykonany." Artium Quaestiones, no. 29 (May 7, 2019): 289–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/aq.2018.29.11.
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Colossus of Rhodes: Where It Stood and How It Was Made The author, just as Ursula Vedder, who has expressed the same opinion recently, has been long sure that the place where the Colossus of Rhodes was located was the acropolis of the town of Rhodes. The paper includes also some arguments that have not been presented by the German scholar. At first, some source information concerning the Colossus has been briefly summarized. For instance, the expression in APV, 171 (Overbeck 1543), ou gar hyper pelagos monon anthesan alla kai en ga, may be understood as confirming its location in the acropolis: “it stood not only close to the sea, but also on the earth.” In fact, there it would have loomed over the land and the sea, and, as big as it was, it could be seen from a distance. The text by Philo of Byzantium is not credible, as it was written quite late. Then the problem has been analyzed critically. As regards the legend of Colossus bestriding the entrance to the harbor, one may add to the already listed counterarguments that for static reasons a piece of sculpture shaped that way would have needed a third footing attached to the sea bottom at the harbor entrance, which would have made the ships’ access to the harbor difficult. Besides, such a pose of a god would have seemed a little indecent. A hypothesis that situates the Colossus at the end of a pier in the Mandraki Bay, preferred by many scholars, also has its weak points. Placed there, the construction site would have been too small, particularly that construction took at least twelve years, and it would have been difficult to move building materials along the narrow and long pier which under such circumstances could not be used as part of the harbor. According to Strabo (XIV, 2, 5) the harbor was accessible only to authorized personnel. Was it then a good location for a work of art intended to glorify the people of Rhodes? Even if the Colossus had been accessible there, it would have been visible only in a shortened perspective, in frog’s eye view. Still, the most important was the problem of proper display of the statue. Placed on the pier, it would have to turn its back either to the town, or to the sea, and in both cases connotations would have been unwelcome. Such details were essential for ancient Greeks. For static and constructional reasons, one must also reject a hypothesis that the Colossus put his palm over the eyes, as if examining the horizon. If it is true that the relics of the statue remained for several hundred years intact, they would have blocked access to the harbor since most probably they would have fallen into the sea. Besides, would the iron elements have resisted corrosion well enough to be recognizable? Placed on the pier, the Colossus would have been invisible to the crews of ships approaching the town from the west and the same would have been true had it been situated at the present location of the palace of the Great Masters of the Knights Hospitaller. The placement of the statue in the sanctuary of Helios at the present corner of Sofouli and Khimaras streets is also improbable, since the area is really small and the Colossus would not have made a prominent component of the town skyline. Hence, the acropolis must have been the most convenient place, just as in other Greek towns, particularly in Athens where it was the site of the city patron’s worship. Some scholars argue that the temple in the acropolis was dedicated to Apollo, but when the Colossus was constructed Apollo was commonly identified with Helios who was the most important patron of the island. The statue, with his face turned to the east – the town and the sea – might have stood near that temple (ill. 1-2), towering over it. From the west, the steep rock of the acropolis practically made it impossible to watch the Colossus from the western shore, while from the sea it was visible only as a silhouette, an orientation point for the approaching ships (ill. 3), particularly if it was gilded like the statue of Athena Promachos in Athens. This can actually be the origin of the legend that the Colossus of Rhodes was also a lighthouse. Situated in the acropolis, the statue would have been visible both from the town and the sea on both sides of the island. If the damaged Colossus remained intact for centuries, it was because removing it from the acropolis was much more difficult than removing from the wharf. The noun “colossus” originally meant “something towering” (cf. Colossae and Colophon, towns upon hills). The other part of the paper focuses on the technology of construction. Some scholars were too eager to draw from Philo’s description conclusions about the Colossus’ structure and the building methods applied. If the statue had stood at the end of the pier, most likely it would not have been hilled up since the area was too small. Due to the pressure of dirt, boarding such an embankment (A. Gabriel’s claim) would have required 40-45 meter long struts for which there was no room. Moreover, with each subsequent raising of the embankment the struts would have to be multiplied and made much longer, which would have been both costly and technologically challenging. With each new layer of dirt, founding furnaces would have to be removed (as, according to Gabriel, they were located on the embankment) and then put back. A high embankment would have required the use of gigantic ladders, unstable and dangerous. What is more, it would have made it impossible to control the form of the work in progress. All that would have been irrational, while ancient Greeks do not really deserve such a charge. In the author’s opinion, the Colossus was erected within a wooden scaffolding. Founding particular elements of the statue on site was rather unlikely. An external dirt coat would not have helped since there was no clay core inside it, which would have made the alloy’s cooling speed radically unequal. Partial casting is also unlikely as it would have required a 1:1 model (30-35 meters high). Had the model been smaller, errors in calculating detailed measurements would have been inevitable. The author believes that the Colossus of Rhodes was made of hammered bronze sheets riveted to the inner metal skeleton. Such a technique made vertical transportation easier and allowed the constructors to correct the process of montage by bending the sheets whenever necessary. It cannot be excluded that the heads of the rivets and lines of contact between the sheets were masked with solders that did not require much alloy, although in higher sections of the statue the wind would have cooled it quite rapidly. The noun “colossus” did not originally imply a gigantic size but only a slightly archaic look of the sculpture so that the Colossus of Rhodes might have been somewhat similar to very ancient and artistically primitive stiff statues of Helios. On the other hand, it might have alluded to the mythic Telchins who were the first to make statues of gods. (For static reasons, contrapposto was out of the question in the statues of that size, besides it would have been impossible to fill its interior with stones.) Another aspect of making the Colossus look archaic was the use of a modified technique of sphyrelaton. In the author’s opinion, the base of the statue and maybe its higher parts as well, up to the level of ankles, contained carefully sized and braced blocks of stone. They were drilled through to hold the lower ends of the metal internal skeleton made according to the schema of a spatial grid, perhaps used on that occasion for the first time in history. Such a fixture protected the Colossus from the wind pressure so effectively that it remained standing for dozens of years, being vulnerable to earthquakes. The fallen Colossus must have looked like a debris of rods and tin, while the stones from the fixture could be seen in the “abyss” (Plinius), below the level of the ankles, where the structure was actually bent (it must have been bent there rather than at the level of the knees, since looking inside the ruin was easy: the ankles were situated about two meters above the base.) The third footing point might have been camouflaged with some attribute (a spear or a torch). It cannot be excluded that originally Chares had been planning a statue half the final size, similar to the previously known colossal pieces of sculpture, but the pride of the people of Rhodes, emulating Athenians, made them want a Colossus twice as big (Sextus Empiricus, pros mathem., VII, 107 n.). Making the statue look archaic and using an old technology plus some innovations allowed Chares to make their extravagant wish come true. The archaic look might have been achieved thanks to a reference to some old statue of Helios, which perhaps could be found in the neighboring temple. The torso might have been topped with the head, cast separately, although the trouble with placing it so high makes one doubt it.
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Nehbandani, Sanaz, Hajar Salehi, Khadijerezaie Keikhaie, Hossein Rashki Ghalenow, Fatemeh Mirzaie, and Mahin Badakhsh. "The effect of ear acupressure medicine at the “Shen Men” point on the nausea and vomiting during pregnancy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561602.
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Background: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders that more than 85% of pregnant women experience. However, controlling and treating this complication is still one of the most important issues in antenatal care. Aim: To investigate the effect of ear acupressure at Shen Men point on relieving nausea, vomiting and retchingduring pregnancy. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 100 pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 16 weeks attending the health clinics ofZabol city during 2019-2020 were studied in two control and intervention groups (n = 50 in each group). The samples in the intervention group weretrained to apply pressure ontheirears’Shen Men point with the thumb for three minutes three times a day (morning, noon, and night), for a duration of one month. At the end of second and fourth weeks, the data were collected using the Rhodes index form and then, were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gestational age, occupation and education. The difference in the mean scores of nausea, vomiting and retching was not statistically significant between the control and intervention groups before the study. But four weeks after the study, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching between the two groups, so that the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: The ear acupressure medicine at the Shen men point can be used as a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive method to relieve nausea, vomiting and retching during pregnancy. Keywords :Acupressure medicine, Shen Men, Vomiting, Pregnancy, Nausea, Retching, Rhodosis
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Nehbandani, Sanaz, Hajar Salehi, Khadije Rezaie Keikhaie, Hossein Rashki Ghalenow, Fatemeh Mirzaie, and Mahin Badakhsh. "The effect of ear acupressure medicine at the “Shen Men” point on the nausea and vomiting during pregnancy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 1774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551774.
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Introduction & Objective: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders that more than 85% of pregnant women experience. However, controlling and treating this complication is still one of the most important issues in antenatal care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ear acupressure at Shen Men point on relieving nausea, vomiting and retching during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 100 pregnant women with a gestational age of less than 16 weeks attending the health clinics of Zabol city during 2019-2020 were studied in two control and intervention groups (n = 50 in each group). The samples in the intervention group were trained to apply pressure on their ears’ Shen Men point with the thumb for three minutes three times a day (morning, noon, and night), for a duration of one month. At the end of second and fourth weeks, the data were collected using the Rhodes index form and then, were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: According to the results, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gestational age, occupation and education. The difference in the mean scores of nausea, vomiting and retching was not statistically significant between the control and intervention groups before the study. But four weeks after the study, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching between the two groups, so that the mean scores of vomiting, nausea and retching were significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion: The ear acupressure medicine at the Shen men point can be used as a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive method to relieve nausea, vomiting and retching during pregnancy. Keywords: Acupressure medicine, Shen Men, Vomiting, Pregnancy, Nausea, Retching, Rhodosis
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Besussi, Elena. "Book Review: Stupendous Miserable City, Pasolini's Rome John David Rhodes, 2007 Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press 194 pp. US$60.00 hardback; US$20.00 paperback ISBN 0 8166 4929 4 hardback; 0 8166 4930 8 paperback." Urban Studies 45, no. 13 (December 2008): 2888–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00420980080450131105.
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Bašić, Đivo. "Shipping in Dubrovnik between the fifteenth and seventienth centuries." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 53, no. 1 (July 2017): 93–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/5307.
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The maritime and land trade of the City of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) and its surroundings has always been “the corner stone” on which the grandeur of Dubrovnik, its political and economical power and culture were built. As early as 1441, the Dubrovnik trade was considered to consist of 3/4 of the maritime and only 1/4 of the land based trade. In 1181, the comunitas ragusina - the Commune of Ragusa was mentioned for the first time; as the time went by, it became the City-state. It was named The Ragusan Republic in 1430. The treaty concluded with Turkey in 1442 was in force up to the twilight of the Dubrovnik Republic (1806). It was convenient for Ragusans to have a sole ruler and a single state in their neighbourhood, not to mention how stubborn and quite often wanton ones. In his work “Mari, Gol , Isole,...” (1688.), Vincenzo Coronelli, the mapmaker, said about the Ragusans: “...They are the most ardent defenders of their freedom, putting in a great deal of effort to secure it, and at the same time, hating any kind of slavery...”. The Ragusan vessels were attacked by the pirates from Rhodes from 1507-1509 and later on. The main reason for flourishing of Ragusan shipping and trade was based upon focussing on their public life within these domains. The Ragusan Republic depended upon its investments into maritime affairs and assistance offered through stimulations, interaction of processes and consequential strengthening of its own prosperity (its enriched citizens). The Ragusan Maritime Insurance Law (Ordo super assecuratoribus) of March 5th, 1568 is the oldest enacted law in the world, and in this way it was more than a century older than legal regulations on the maritime insurance - Ordonnance de la marine of 1681. Apart from the main shipyard in the old City port (in portu interiori Ragusii, in portu Ragusii), up to the construction of the new shipyard in Gruž (1526) there were shipyards in Ston and in the nearby islands of Lopud, Šipan (in Suđurađ) and Koločep (Kalamota) already in the 14th century. Palladius Fuscus (1450-1520), in his work De situ orae Illyrici (published posthumously in 1540) cited that “there was no such a secluded part of Europe or one so inaccessible to the newcomers, where you would not encounter Ragusans practicing their merchant activity”. According to some researchers, Ragusa was the third strongest force in the Mediterranean (after Genoa and Venice) in the 14th century. The Ragusan Republic was the first in the Mediterranean in the 16th century and, in terms of their trading ocean-going sailing vessels under Ragusan and foreign flags, it was the third in the world (after Spain and the Netherlands). In his work Nautica Mediterranea (Rome, 1602, pp. 4-5), Bartolomeo Crescentio said: “...among experts and master craftsmen for galleons are the most numerous, and the most capable in this (the Mediterranean Sea, observation of the author) are Ragusans”, and Pantero Pantera in his work L’Armata Navale (Rome, 1614, p. 66) wrote down: “...while for navas and galleons building, masters of Dubrovnik, Portugal and England were highly esteemed”.”Argosy”, in fact, means “a Ragusan ship”. Many endeavours and achievements in the art of shipbuilding raise the East Adriatic coast above the West one, since it had most frequently been a successful way in which ships and men reached di erent parts of the world.
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Todd, Kenneth L., and DI Wright. "The VANISH-2 study: a randomized, blinded, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of polidocanol endovenous microfoam 0.5% and 1.0% compared with placebo for the treatment of saphenofemoral junction incompetence." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 29, no. 9 (July 17, 2013): 608–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355513497709.
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Objective VANISH-2 Investigator Group: K Gibson, Bellevue, WA, USA; M Goldman, San Diego, CA, USA; P Hertzman, Los Alamos, NM, USA; S Hirsch, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; R Hye, San Diego, CA, USA; M Isaacs, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; M Plaza-Ponte, Monroeville, PA, USA; S Rathbun, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; J Rhodes, Rochester, NY, USA; G Rosenberg, Frederick, MD, USA; M Schul, Lafayette, IN, USA; M Stanbro, Greenville, SC, USA; and R Weiss, Hunt Valley, MD, USA To determine efficacy and safety of polidocanol endovenous microfoam in treatment of symptoms and appearance in patients with saphenofemoral junction incompetence due to reflux of the great saphenous vein or major accessory veins. Method Patients were randomized equally to receive polidocanol endovenous microfoam 0.5%, polidocanol endovenous microfoam 1.0% or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was patient-reported improvement in symptoms, as measured by the change from baseline to Week 8 in the 7-day average electronic daily diary VVSymQ™ score. The co-secondary endpoints were the improvement in appearance of visible varicosities from baseline to Week 8, as measured by patients and by an independent physician review panel. Results In 232 treated patients, polidocanol endovenous microfoam 0.5% and polidocanol endovenous microfoam 1.0% were superior to placebo, with a larger improvement in symptoms (VVSymQ (−6.01 and–5.06, respectively, versus –2.00; P < 0.0001) and greater improvements in physician and patient assessments of appearance ( P < 0.0001). These findings were supported by the results of duplex ultrasound and other clinical measures. Of the 230 polidocanol endovenous microfoam-treated patients (including open-label patients), 60% had an adverse event compared with 39% of placebo; 95% were mild or moderate. No pulmonary emboli were detected and no clinically important neurologic or visual adverse events were reported. The most common adverse events in patients treated with polidocanol endovenous microfoam were retained coagulum, leg pain and superficial thrombophlebitis; most were related to treatment and resolved without sequelae. Conclusion Polidocanol endovenous microfoam provided clinically meaningful benefit in treating symptoms and appearance in patients with varicose veins. Polidocanol endovenous microfoam was an effective and comprehensive minimally invasive treatment for patients with a broad spectrum of vein disease (clinical, etiology, anatomy, pathophysiology clinical class C2 to C6) and great saphenous vein diameters ranging from 3.1 to 19.4 mm. Treatment with polidocanol endovenous microfoam was associated with mild or moderate manageable side effects. VVSymQ is an important new, validated instrument for symptom assessment in patients with varicose veins.
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Yell, Mitchell L., Antonis Katsiyannis, and Angela Prince. "Sheltered Workshops: United States v. Rhode Island." Intervention in School and Clinic 52, no. 5 (February 24, 2016): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053451216630277.
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Federal legislation, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 504, and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, mandates that individuals with disabilities be integrated in all aspects of life from education to employment to independent living. A recent development involves a settlement reached between the United States and the State of Rhode Island/City of Providence regarding sheltered workshops. States must ensure the availability of a continuum of alternative settings that span from restrictive (e.g., sheltered workshops) to fully integrated, community-based, competitive employment. The use of sheltered workshops as categorical, permanent, segregated practice is discriminatory.
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LI, FAN, TE-YU LIAO, RYOICHI ARAI, and LIANGJIE ZHAO. "Sinorhodeus microlepis, a new genus and species of bitterling from China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae)." Zootaxa 4353, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.1.4.
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A new genus and species, Sinorhodeus microlepis gen. et sp. nov., is described from a tributary of the Yangtze River, in Chongqing City, China. Sinorhodeus gen. nov. can be distinguished from four closely related genera, Paratanakia, Pseudorhodeus, Rhodeus, and Tanakia, by the following combination of characters: pharyngeal teeth 0,0,4–4,0,0, longitudinal scales 41–46, white spots on dorsal-fin rays absent, a black blotch on dorsal fin in juvenile absent, and less developed wing-like yolk sac projections in larvae. Phylogenetic analysis of one mitochondrial gene and six nuclear genes supports the establishment of the new genus.
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Welters, Linda, Jennifer Pisula, Megan Martinelli, Mary Elizabeth Corrigan, Sarah Lockrem, Sarah Templeton, Sarah Yang, Holly Paquette, Catherine Murphy, and Hilary Baker. "Mapping fashion in the ‘City by the Sea’: Shopping districts in Newport, Rhode Island." Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc.4.1.7_1.
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Karki, KB. "City Waste Compost and Sustainability of Rice-Wheat Cropping System." Nepal Agriculture Research Journal 7 (May 22, 2009): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v7i0.1868.
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An experiment was conducted on Rhodic Ustochrept soil in Central Hill of Nepal growingwheat-mungbean-rice in rotation. Grain yields as affected by 28 t ha-1 a of town compost werecompared with the same amount of farmyard manure and N:P:K (120:60:40). NPK producedsignificantly higher wheat grain (3897 t ha-1). Other yield results were at par with one another.NPK produced lowest mungbean yield. After growing second crop fertility seems to beexhausted thus rice yield indicated no notable residual fertilising effect. FYM and town compostleft noteworthy amounts of P, Ca, Mg and K even after rice harvest.Key words: Organic manure; plant nutrients; sustainabilityDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1868Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.49-53
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Prosky, Melissa S. "The battle over wastewater between Woonsocket and North Smithfield." CASE Journal 17, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 22–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-02-2020-0007.
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Research methodology This case study draws on interviews conducted with officials from the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (DEM), City of Woonsocket and Town of North Smithfield. Additionally, it pulls from relevant legal documents, recordings and minutes from meetings of the Woonsocket City Council and North Smithfield Town Council, City Council resolutions, state legislation and local press coverage. Case overview/synopsis From 2012–2017, the communities of Woonsocket and North Smithfield engaged in a protracted dispute concerning wastewater disposal. For 30 years, the two jurisdictions had maintained a signed service agreement. Following its expiration; however, Woonsocket imposed a new host fee on North Smithfield. Woonsocket needed to upgrade the facility to comply with mandates from the RI DEM. Over the next five years, leaders from both jurisdictions vociferously fought over the new fee. At the same time, leaders within communities experienced their own divisions. This case study highlights the challenges that decision-makers faced in both communities. Complexity academic level This case is appropriate for graduate and executive level courses in environmental policy, communication and leadership.
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Beeler Asay, Garrett R., Chee Kin Lam, Brock Stewart, Joan M. Mangan, Laura Romo, Suzanne M. Marks, Sapna Bamrah Morris, et al. "Cost of Tuberculosis Therapy Directly Observed on Video for Health Departments and Patients in New York City; San Francisco, California; and Rhode Island (2017–2018)." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 11 (November 2020): 1696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305877.
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Objectives. To assess costs of video and traditional in-person directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis (TB) treatment to health departments and patients in New York City, Rhode Island, and San Francisco, California. Methods. We collected health department costs for video DOT (VDOT; live and recorded), and in-person DOT (field- and clinic-based). Time–motion surveys estimated provider time and cost. A separate survey collected patient costs. We used a regression model to estimate cost by DOT type. Results. Between August 2017 and June 2018, 343 DOT sessions were captured from 225 patients; 87 completed a survey. Patient costs were lowest for VDOT live ($1.01) and highest for clinic DOT ($34.53). The societal (health department + patient) costs of VDOT live and recorded ($6.65 and $12.64, respectively) were less than field and clinic DOT ($21.40 and $46.11, respectively). VDOT recorded health department cost was not statistically different from field DOT cost in Rhode Island. Conclusions. Among the 4 different modalities, both types of VDOT were associated with lower societal costs when compared with traditional forms of DOT. Public Health Implications. VDOT was associated with lower costs from the societal perspective and may reduce public health costs when TB incidence is high.
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Samuels, Elizabeth A., William Goedel, Lauren Conkey, Jennifer Koziol, Sarah Karim, Rachel P. Scagos, Lee Ann Jordison Keeler, et al. "41538 Characterizing Opioid Overdose Hotspots for Targeted Overdose Prevention and Treatment." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.619.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: Identifying factors associated with opioid overdoses will enable better resource allocation in communities most impacted by the overdose epidemic. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Opioid overdoses often occur in hotspots identified by geographic and temporal trends. This study uses principles of community engaged research to identify neighborhood and community-level factors associated with opioid overdose within overdose hotspots which can be targets for novel intervention design. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted an environmental scan in three overdose hotspots’‘ two in an urban center and one in a small city’‘ identified by the Rhode Island Department of Health as having the highest opioid overdose burden in Rhode Island. We engaged hotspot community stakeholders to identify neighborhood factors to map within each hotspot. Locations of addiction treatment, public transportation, harm reduction programs, public facilities (i.e., libraries, parks), first responders, and social services agencies were converted to latitude and longitude and mapped in ArcGIS. Using Esri Service Areas, we will evaluate the service areas of stationary services. We will overlay overdose events and use logistic regression identify neighborhood factors associated with overdose by comparing hotspot and non-hotspot neighborhoods. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate that there will be differing neighborhood characteristics associated with overdose events in the densely populated urban area and those in the smaller city. The urban area hotspots will have overlapping social services, addiction treatment, and transportation service areas, while the small city will have fewer community resources without overlapping service areas and reduced public transportation access. We anticipate that overdoses will occur during times of the day when services are not available. Overall, overdose hotspots will be associated with increased census block level unemployment, homelessness, vacant housing, and low food security. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Identifying factors associated with opioid overdoses will enable better resource allocation in communities most impacted by the overdose epidemic. Study results will be used for novel intervention design to prevent opioid overdose deaths in communities with high burden of opioid overdose.
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Anderheggen, Shantia. "Four Decades of Local Historic District Designation: A Case Study of Newport, Rhode Island." Public Historian 32, no. 4 (2010): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2010.32.4.16.
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Abstract For over forty years, Newport, Rhode Island has sought to preserve much of the city's historic architecture through a local preservation by-law. The work of the Newport Historic District Commission, comprised of volunteer residents appointed by the local city council, has dominated the city's historic preservation values and approach. Not uncommon to many preservation efforts, the emphasis has been almost exclusively on aesthetic rather than contextual values, and has resulted in local practice and preferences that often overlook the associative significance of local historic and cultural resources. This paper seeks to examine the genesis and impact of this approach to historic preservation efforts in Newport.
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Novak, Andrew. "Averting an African Boycott: British Prime Minister Edward Heath and Rhodesian Participation in the Munich Olympics." Britain and the World 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2013.0076.
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In 1968, the British government of Prime Minister Harold Wilson lobbied behind the scenes for Rhodesia's exclusion from the Mexico City Olympics. Three years earlier, the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia had seceded from the British Empire under white minority rule and faced isolation from international sporting events. With the election of Conservative Prime Minister Edward Heath in 1970, British foreign policy shifted more heavily to Europe rather than the former British colonies of the Commonwealth, and Heath sought to allow Rhodesia to compete in the 1972 Munich Games lest it isolate West Germany and create a controversy similar to South Africa's expulsion from the Olympics. With the help of Foreign Minister Alec Douglas-Home, Heath manoeuvred Conservative Party factionalism on the issue of Rhodesian sanctions and the Party's traditionally ambiguous relationship with Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith. The merger between the Foreign Office and the Commonwealth Relations Office coincided with this increased emphasis on European foreign policy matters, the Foreign Office's traditional expertise. Ultimately, Rhodesia was excluded from the Olympics despite Heath's hesitation, and the threatened African boycott movement proved to be a critical episode toward the development of the Gleneagles Agreement, which ultimately led to the sporting isolation of South Africa in 1978. Relying on documents in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office Archives, the International Olympic Committee Archives, the Avery Brundage papers at the University of Illinois, and microfilm of African newspapers, this paper reconstructs the pressures on Heath and the International Olympic Committee to expel Rhodesia.
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Cohen, Steven A., Julia Broccoli, Heather O’Neill, and Mary L. Greaney. "SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH COMMUNITY-LEVEL SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF MORTALITY IN OLDER ADULTS: AN ASSESSMENT OF RHODE ISLAND CITIES AND TOWNS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S783—S784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2882.
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Abstract Addressing the causes of place-based health disparities among older adults have focused on understanding social determinants of health on a large geographic level, such as region, state, or county. However, there is a growing realization for the need to understand how place-based characteristics at smaller geographic areas relate to population health and contribute to successful aging. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of the associations between place-based social determinants and life expectancy (LE) among older adults and related measures. Methods: LE at age 50 (LE50) and age 65 (LE65), and the age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) for ages 65+ (ASMR65) were calculated from mortality data (2009-2011) from the Rhode Island (RI) Department of Health (RIDoH) using abridged life table methods for each RI city/town. City/town-specific LE and ASMR were linked to the US Census, RIDoH, and other databases that include social determinants: demographics, household composition, wealth, education, environment, food insecurity, crime, transportation, and rural-urban status. Bivariate and partial correlations were examined between city/town-level LE50, LE65, and ASMR65. Results: LE50, (range: 29.3-34.0 years) was most strongly associated with the percent of the population with at least a bachelor’s degree (r=0.652, p<0.001), per capita income (r=-0.632, p < 0.001), and percent multigenerational households (r=-0.489, p=0.003). The associations between both LE65 and ASMR65 and examined social determinants were more attenuated, however. Discussion: These results highlight substantial place-based disparities in mortality and potentially addressable social determinants that could improve population health for older adults and reduce place-based disparities among neighboring communities.
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Radkhah, Ali Reza, Soheil Eagderi, and Yahia Shams. "The Fish Fauna of the Zarineh River (Urmia Lake Basin) Downstream Sector – Conservation and Management." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2020-0005.
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Abstract This study aimed to investigate the fish fauna in the downstream sector of the Zarineh River, Urmia Lake basin. Seven stations were sampled along the Zarineh River before and after Shahin-Dezh City to help gain a better understanding of human activities on its fish fauna. The results revealed 11 fish species, which belong to three families, including Cyprinidae, Nemacheilidae and Gobiidae. Nine of them were Cyprinidae. Out of 11 species, five species, Carassius gibelio, Rhodeus amarus, Pseudorasbora parva, Hemiculter leucisculus and Rhinogobius lindbergii were exotic that were unintentionally introduced to the Zarineh River along with Asian carps. The threats to fish fauna are categorized into two categories: natural and anthropogenic. According to the observations, anthropogenic activities such as overfishing, pollutions, sand and gravel extraction, dam construction and introduction of exotic fish species were among the main threats for the ichthyofauna of the Zarineh River.
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Menard, Susan D., Michael Annarummo, and Dennis E. Jackson. "INNOVATIVE CONTRACT OPERATIONS / DESIGN-BUILD-OPERATE PROCUREMENT PROVIDES COST-EFFECTIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN THE CITY OF WOONSOCKET, RHODE ISLAND." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 9 (January 1, 2000): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784546314.
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Ullman, David S., Isaac Ginis, Wenrui Huang, Catherine Nowakowski, Xuanyu Chen, and Peter Stempel. "Assessing the Multiple Impacts of Extreme Hurricanes in Southern New England, USA." Geosciences 9, no. 6 (June 19, 2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060265.
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The southern New England coast of the United States is particularly vulnerable to land-falling hurricanes because of its east-west orientation. The impact of two major hurricanes on the city of Providence (Rhode Island, USA) during the middle decades of the 20th century spurred the construction of the Fox Point Hurricane Barrier (FPHB) to protect the city from storm surge flooding. Although the Rhode Island/Narragansett Bay area has not experienced a major hurricane for several decades, increased coastal development along with potentially increased hurricane activity associated with climate change motivates an assessment of the impacts of a major hurricane on the region. The ocean/estuary response to an extreme hurricane is simulated using a high-resolution implementation of the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model coupled to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). The storm surge response in ADCIRC is first verified with a simulation of a historical hurricane that made landfall in southern New England. The storm surge and the hydrological models are then forced with winds and rainfall from a hypothetical hurricane dubbed “Rhody”, which has many of the characteristics of historical storms that have impacted the region. Rhody makes landfall just west of Narragansett Bay, and after passing north of the Bay, executes a loop to the east and the south before making a second landfall. Results are presented for three versions of Rhody, varying in the maximum wind speed at landfall. The storm surge resulting from the strongest Rhody version (weak Saffir–Simpson category five) during the first landfall exceeds 7 m in height in Providence at the north end of the Bay. This exceeds the height of the FPHB, resulting in flooding in Providence. A simulation including river inflow computed from the runoff model indicates that if the Barrier remains closed and its pumps fail (for example, because of a power outage or equipment failure), severe flooding occurs north of the FPHB due to impoundment of the river inflow. These results show that northern Narragansett Bay could be particularly vulnerable to both storm surge and rainfall-driven flooding, especially if the FPHB suffers a power outage. They also demonstrate that, for wind-driven storm surge alone under present sea level conditions, the FPHB will protect Providence for hurricanes less intense than category five.
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Mesquita-Emlinger, Ana. "Challenges to address climate adaptation actions in coastal New England – insights from a web survey." Revista Geográfica de América Central 3, no. 61E (November 22, 2018): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rgac.61-3.2.
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Coastal communities all over the world are experiencing unprecedented alterations from climate change. Unlike what most people would guess, coastal communities have not advanced much in their preparedness for a climate that is changing fast, despite their extensive exposure to climate hazards. If not true worldwide, at least that is what is happening in the majority of small and medium communities in the coast of New England, in the Northeast of US. This article explores data collected in a web survey conducted with city officials of coastal communities in the states of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine, aiming to verify barriers to address climate change adaptation at the local level. The results of the survey showed many similarities between the challenges experienced by these small coastal communities. We suggest that, in presenting the main themes of the research, including special attention to the barriers encountered, this knowledge can contribute to the creation of a more climate-friendly region, thus helping to design and implement future climate change policies at the local level.
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Broccoli, Julia, Steven A. Cohen, and Mary L. Greaney. "GRANDPARENTAL CAREGIVING AND CO-RESIDENCE, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, AND MORTALITY IN RHODE ISLAND CITIES AND TOWNS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S319—S320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1166.
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Abstract Grandparents co-residing with their grandchildren is becoming increasingly more common, with over 1.5 million grandchildren living with their grandchildren in the U.S. Furthermore, the number of grandparents who are primary caregivers for their grandchildren has also increased, which can negatively effects the grandparents’ physical and mental health, and increase social isolation and financial burden. However, the associations between grandparental caregiving and health outcomes are not well understood on a population level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess associations between grandparental caregiving, socioeconomic status, and population health outcomes. Using mortality data (2009-2011) from the Rhode Island (RI) Department of Health and life table methods for each RI city/town, life expectancy at age 65 (LE65) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were calculated and linked to data from the American Community Survey on grandparental caregiving responsibilities, grandparental living arrangements (co-residence), poverty status, and demographics. Correlations and multivariable linear regression modeling were used to evaluate associations among LE65, ASMR, grandparental caregiving and co-residence, demographics, and poverty. Both LE65 (rho=-0.382, p=0.016) and ASMR (rho=0.327, p=0.042) were associated with the percent of grandparents living with grandchildren. The percent of grandparents as primary caregivers to their grandchildren was not significantly associated with LE65 or ASMR. ASMR was associated with the percent of grandparents living in poverty (rho=0.401, p=0.013) and overall poverty (rho=0.363, p=0.023). These results highlight conditions of community-based living and role of primary caregivers at an older age that should be further explored to improve the health of grandparents, particularly in multi-generational homes.
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Demirsar Arlı, Belgin. "İznik Çini Fırınları Kazı Buluntularından Çini Örneklerin Değerlendirilmesi / Evaluation of Iznik Tiles Examples from Iznik Tile Excavation." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i1.1450.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Iznik Excavations, which deal with the historical and cultural heritage of Iznik collectively and in various aspects, are examined in two periods. First period excavations were started with the studies of Dr. Oktay Aslanapa’s Orhan İmaret and Bath. After two years studying in the Orhan Imaret, the researches were directed on tiles and ceramics that provided the original fame to Iznik. It was aimed to identify the production centers and techniques of the Ottoman ceramics and tiles, which were named according to the places where they were bought, and to open the kilns and workshops where they were produced. With the excavation and drilling activities carried out regularly, including 1969; with the deformation and burnt fragments, semi-finished fragments, baked goods, as well as furnace residues that have collapsed while being filled inside it is proved to scientific community that while the Ottoman ceramics which are tried to be defined with names such as Miletus ware, Golden Horn ware, Damascus ware, Rhodes ware, it was defined that the main and important production center of their is İznik,</p><p>Because of the team concentrated on Van Excavation, the researches were ended in İznik 1969, but the kiln ruins emerged during the road studies in 1980 conduced to restart of the studies with the name of II. Period and Iznik Tile Kilns Excavation in 1981. Since 1981, three years had been devoted to drilling in a very wide area in the empty spaces. In 1983, the regular excavations were started with the drilling activities executed in the eastern region of II. Murat Bath which was coded as BHD, also known as the Municipal Baths gives rich finds.</p><p>As a result of the excavation work concentrated on the specified area, many finds from the period in which production continued here between the conquest of the city in 1331 and the beginning of the 18th century were unearthed. Besides the confirmation of the data previously collected about Iznik tile and ceramic art, these finds contributed to obtaining new information in terms of technique/production, form, design and composition.</p><p>This studyaimstoin traduce the interesting tile finds uncovered in Iznik Excavations and to conduct and evaluation. We will concentrate on the similarities between the tiles unearthed in the excavations and the tiles used in the Ottoman Era buildings and the pieces we know from the collections.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>İznik’in tarihi ve kültürel mirasını toplu olarak ve çeşitli yönleriyle ele alan İznik Kazıları iki dönem halinde incelenir. I. Dönem çalışmaları Prof. Dr. Oktay Aslanapa’nın Orhan İmareti ve Hamamı Kazısı ile başlamıştır. İki sezon süren Orhan İmareti çalışmalarının ardından İznik’e asıl ününü sağlayan çini ve seramikle ilgili araştırmalara yönelinmiştir. Çalışmalarda genellikle satın alındıkları yerlere göre isimlendirilen Osmanlı seramik ve çinilerinin üretim merkezlerini ve tekniklerini tespit yanında, üretildikleri fırın ve atölyeleri de açığa çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. 1969 yılı da dâhil olmak üzere düzenli olarak sürdürülen kazı ve sondaj çalışmalarıyla; Milet işi, Haliç işi, Şam işi, Rodos işi gibi isimlerle tanımlanmaya çalışılan Osmanlı seramik ve çinilerinin asıl ve önemli üretim merkezinin İznik olduğu, deforme ve yanık parçalar, yarı mamul fragmanlar, pişirim malzemeleri yanında içi doluyken çökmüş durumda bulunan fırın kalıntılarıyla bilim çevrelerine kanıtlanmıştır. 1969 yılından itibaren ekibin Van Kazısına ağırlık vermesi nedeniyle İznik’te son verilen araştırmalara, 1980 yılındaki yol çalışmaları sırasında ortaya çıkan fırın kalıntısının değerlendirilmesinin ardından, 1981 yılından itibaren II. Dönem ve İznik Çini Fırınları Kazısı adı ile yeniden başlanmıştır. 1981 yılından itibaren üç yıl oldukça geniş bir ekiple boş alanlardaki sondajlara ağırlık verilmiştir. 1983 yılında, BHD olarak kodladığımız Belediye Hamamı olarak da bilinen II. Murat Hamamı’nın doğusundaki alanda yapılan sondajların zengin buluntu vermesiyle düzenli kazı çalışmalarına bu bölgede başlanmıştır.</p><p>Söz konusu alanda yoğunlaşan kazı çalışmalarımız sonucunda, kentin fethedildiği 1331 yılından burada üretimin sürdüğü XVIII. yüzyıl başlarına kadar uzayan sürede İznik’te Osmanlı çini ve seramik üretiminin bütün üslup dönemlerine ait çok sayıda buluntu ele geçirilmiştir. Bu buluntular, İznik çini ve seramik sanatına ilişkin önceden bilinen bilgilerin doğrulanmasının yanı sıra teknik/üretim, form, desen ve kompozisyon açısından yeni bilgilere ulaşmamızı sağlamıştır.</p><p>Bu çalışmada, İznik Kazılarında ele geçen çini buluntuların ilgi çekicilerinin tanıtılması ve değerlendirmelerinin yapılması amaçlanmaktadır. Kazı buluntusu çinilerin, Osmanlı Dönemi yapılarında kullanılan çiniler ve koleksiyonlardan tanınan parçalarla benzerlikleri üzerinde durulacaktır.</p>
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McLoughlin, John Grant. "Solutions to Calendar." Mathematics Teacher 89, no. 7 (October 1996): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.89.7.0582.
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Problems 1-4 were submitted by Mike Arcidiacono, Frazer Boergadine, Gene Maier, Ted Nelson. Kathy Pfaendler, and Mike Shaughnessy of the Math Learning Center at Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207. Problem 5 was submitted by Betty J. Thomson, Community College of Rhode Island, Warwick, RI 02886. The problem was provided by Ruth Sperry, a student in Math 1470, History of Math. Problems 6, 7, 19-22 were sent by Corbin P. Smith. 8750 Hunter's Way, Apple Valley, MN 55124. Credit for 20 was given to Duane Hinders, Woodrow Wilson Summer Institute for Statistics. Problems 8, 9, 16-18 were supplied by Susan L. Besancon, 5100 South Ninety-second Street, Fort Smith, AR 72903. Problems 10 and 23 were adapted from The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers by David Wells (London: Penguin, 1987). Problems 11-15 were adapted from Let's Solve Some Math Problems by Derek Holton (Waterloo, Ont.: Canadian Mathematics Competition, 1993). Problems 25-27 were adapted from After Math: Puzzles and Brainteasers by Ed Barbeau (Toronto: Wall & Emerson, 1995). Problem 29 was contributed by Gene Zirkel, Nassau Community College, Garden City, NY 11530-6793.
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Abbas, Abbas. "Description of the American Community of John Steinbeck’s Adventure in Novel Travels with Charley in Search of America 1960s." PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v12i2.738.
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This article aims at describing the social life of the American people in several places that made the adventures of John Steinbeck as the author of the novel Travels with Charley in Search of America around the 1960s. American people’s lives are a part of world civilizations that literary readers need to know. This adventure was preceded by an author’s trip in New York City, then to California, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Maine, New Jersey, Saint Lawrence, Quebec, Niagara Falls, Ohio, Chicago, Illinois, Michigan, North Dakota, the Rocky Mountains, Washington, the West Coast, Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, New Orleans, Salinas, and again ended in New York. In processing research data, the writer uses one of the methods of literary research, namely the Dynamic Structural Approach which emphasizes the study of the intrinsic elements of literary work and the involvement of the author in his work. The intrinsic elements emphasized in this study are the physical and social settings. The research data were obtained from the results of a literature study which were then explained descriptively. The writer found a number of descriptions of the social life of the American people in the 1960s, namely the life of the city, the situation of the inland people, and ethnic discrimination. The people of the city are busy taking care of their profession and competing for careers, inland people living naturally without competing ambitions, and black African Americans have not enjoyed the progress achieved by the Americans. The description of American society related to the fictional story is divided by region, namely east, north, middle, west, and south. The social condition in the eastern region is dominated by beaches and mountains, and is engaged in business, commerce, industry, and agriculture. The comfortable landscape in the northern region spends the people time as breeders and farmers. The natural condition in the middle region of American is very suitable for agriculture, plantations, and animal husbandry. Many people in the western American region facing the Pacific Ocean become fishermen. The natural conditions from the plains and valleys to the hills make the southern region suitable for plantation land.
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Burns, Robert C., and Patrick Thompson. "REHABILITATION OF AN ICONIC SKYSCRAPER POISED TO SPUR REVITALIZATION OF A DOWNTOWN NEIGHBORHOOD." Journal of Green Building 11, no. 3 (June 2016): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.3.35.1.
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INTRODUCTION The revitalization of downtown Richmond, Virginia, in the 21st century has been a slow process, beginning in the financial center near the State Capitol Building and migrating slowly westward along Broad Street, the traditional retail avenue of the City. One by one over the course of the past several years, large, iconic buildings have been rehabilitated for new and exciting uses. These buildings have long been associated with the history of the City itself: the Miller & Rhoads Department Store, the John Marshall Hotel, the First National Bank Building, and the Hotel Richmond among others. The Central National Bank (CNB) Building was built at the dawn of the Great Depression and eventually became one of the last Art Deco style skyscrapers remaining in downtown Richmond. Its location in the neglected western fringe area of Broad Street made it the next logical target for rehabilitation. When Douglas Development purchased the vacant building in 2005, they were buying the crowning piece of architecture that they hoped would become the linchpin project to spur the revitalization of the surrounding neighborhood. That lofty goal was not without challenges, of course, and it took 8 years to put the project together and start the building's renovation. The complications inherent in the rehabilitation of any iconic 75-year old building listed on the National Register of Historic Places to suit continued use for contemporary life also clearly came into play.
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Osho, G. Solomon, Justin Joseph, Julian Scott, and Michael Adams. "An Investigation of Juvenile Gang Membership and Psychopathic Behavior: Evidence from Multilinear Analysis." International Journal of Social Work 3, no. 2 (September 26, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijsw.v3i2.9312.
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<p>The extant literature provides evidence that gang involvement increases and individuals propensity to perpetrate antisocial behavior. Furthermore, it has been empirically support that criminal involvement increases and individuals like-hood of experiencing victimization. Antisocial personality disorder is described as engaging in aggressive behavior that is socially unacceptable; irresponsible, impulsive behavior; merged with impaired ability to empathize with victims; indifference to social norms, and frequent substance abuse (Cox, Edens, Magyar, & Lilienfeld, 2013; Lilienfeld & Arkowitz, 2007). Therefore, it is logical to deduce that gang affiliation also increases the probability of victimization amongst juveniles, which has been supported by by several authors. Furthermore, considering the symptomology associated with conduct disorder and operational defiant disorder it is probable that gang membership and victimization may have a critical role in the externalization of this psychological disorders symptoms. To examine this question we utilize data gathered by the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T) program which consists of (N=5,935) eight grade students from 42 different schools. These schools are located in: Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin. The metropolitan regions the subjects reside during the data collection period are: Omaha, Las Cruces, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Torrance, Orlando, Pocatello, Will County, Kansas City, Providence, and Milwaukee. The results, limitations, and implications of the study will be discussed later.</p>