Academic literature on the topic 'Rhodes grass'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rhodes grass"
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Pachas, A. Nahuel A., H. Max Shelton, Christopher J. Lambrides, Scott A. Dalzell, and G. John Murtagh. "Effect of tree density on competition between Leucaena leucocephala and Chloris gayana using a Nelder Wheel trial. I. Aboveground interactions." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 4 (2018): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17311.
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Silvopastoral systems with the tree legume leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) and grass pastures are widely used for ruminant feeding in subtropical and tropical regions. Different densities and planting configurations of leucaena will influence relative yields of both species because of intra- and interspecific competition. With the aim to describe the effects of competition between leucaena and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth), a Nelder Wheel trial with 10 different leucaena tree densities (100–80 000 trees ha–1) growing with and without Rhodes grass was established in a subtropical environment at Gatton, south-east Queensland, in November 2013. From 2014 to 2016, the biomass of leucaena (six harvests) and Rhodes grass (seven harvests) was measured by using allometric equations and the BOTANAL sampling procedure over 742 and 721 days, respectively. No complementary or facilitative aboveground interactions were observed between the leucaena and Rhodes grass components of the pasture system. Increasing leucaena tree density resulted in greater aboveground intra- and interspecific competition. Average maximum individual tree yield (38.9 kg DM tree–1 year–1) was reached at 100 trees ha–1 without grass competition and was reduced by 60% with grass competition. Rhodes grass biomass yield was negatively affected by shading from the leucaena canopy, with negligible grass yield at tree densities ≥8618 trees ha–1. Therefore, there was effectively no grass competition on individual tree yield at higher leucaena densities. Accordingly, edible leucaena biomass per unit area was positively related to log10 leucaena density (R2 = 0.99) regardless of grass competition, reaching 21.7 t DM ha–1 year–1 (2014–15) and 27 t DM ha–1 year–1 (2015–16) at the highest leucaena density of 80 000 trees ha–1. By contrast, the yield of Rhodes grass was linearly and inversely correlated with log10 tree density (R2 = 0.99). Practical implications for the design and management of commercial leucaena–grass pastures are discussed.
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Pachas, A. Nahuel A., H. Max Shelton, Christopher J. Lambrides, Scott A. Dalzell, G. John Murtagh, and Craig M. Hardner. "Effect of tree density on competition between Leucaena leucocephala and Chloris gayana using a Nelder Wheel trial. II. Belowground interactions." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 7 (2018): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18040.
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Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit subsp. glabrata (Rose) Zarate) in combination with grass pasture is one of the most persistent, productive and sustainable grazing systems used in Queensland, Australia. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the competitive interactions that determine the proportions of leucaena and grass components is needed to optimise the design and management of the hedgerow pasture system. In a water-limited environment, belowground interactions between species are especially influential. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of leucaena plant density and Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) competition on root distribution, evapotranspiration, patterns of soil-water use and the resulting water-use efficiency (WUE) of the leucaena and grass components. Results showed that although leucaena had deeper roots than Rhodes grass, the majority of fine roots of both leucaena and Rhodes grass were in the upper 1.5 m of the soil profile suggesting a high level of competition for water resources. A major factor favouring Rhodes grass was that its root abundance was 8–10 times greater than leucaena, allowing it to compete more effectively for water resources and limit the lateral spread of leucaena roots. Higher cumulative evapotranspiration values were recorded from leucaena grown with Rhodes grass than from leucaena grown in absence of grass. However, this difference was negligible at the highest leucaena density owing to the reduced yield of grass caused by shading and increased water uptake of leucaena. The findings of this study also confirmed the hypothesis that at low tree densities, leucaena–grass pasture will have higher WUE (13.8 kg DM mm–1) than sole leucaena, but this difference was reduced with increments of leucaena density. Highest WUE (65.9 kg DM mm–1) occurred at highest leucaena density with or without grass.
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Lodge, G. M., S. P. Boschma, and S. Harden. "Replacement series studies of competition between tropical perennial and annual grasses and perennial grass mixtures in northern New South Wales." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 6 (2009): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08374.
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Seedlings of three perennial tropical grasses, Chloris gayana cv. Katambora (Rhodes grass), Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense cv. Bambatsi (panic grass), and Digitaria eriantha ssp. eriantha cv. Premier (digit grass), were each grown in replacement series mixtures with seedlings of the annual summer-growing grass weeds Urochloa panicoides (liverseed grass) and Echinochloa colona (awnless barnyard grass). A separate experiment examined the competitiveness of seedlings of the three perennial tropical grasses when two species were sown together. Plants were sown 50 mm apart in boxes at a density of 307 plants/m2. Maximum likelihood estimates were used to derive parameters of a non-linear competition model using the dry weights of perennial and annual grasses. Seedlings of the summer-growing annual liverseed grass competed aggressively with those of the tropical perennial Katambora Rhodes grass. However, Bambatsi panic seedlings were equally competitive with those of awnless barnyard grass, while those in a Premier digit-barnyard grass mixture were inhibited by the presence of each other. In the perennial grass mixtures study, the performance of both Premier digit and Bambatsi panic was adversely affected by the presence of Katambora Rhodes grass.
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Hunter, R. A., and P. M. Kennedy. "Effects of increasing rates of molasses supplementation and forage quality on the productivity of steers." Animal Production Science 56, no. 5 (2016): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14846.
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This study consisted of several experiments that investigated the feed intakes, and growth rates of steers fed low-quality Angleton grass (Dichanthium aristatum) supplemented with urea and sulfur (dry matter (DM) digestibility, 45%) and medium-quality Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) (DM digestibility, 58%) when fed either alone or with molasses mixtures (MM, molasses plus nitrogen and phosphorus). Some digestion characteristics of the basal forage diets were also measured. Addition of MM at 1.2 times calculated maintenance energy requirements (M) was associated with about a four-fold increase in microbial crude protein production and a 42% decrease in neutral detergent fibre digestibility. In the first growth experiment, MM at 0M, 0.45M, 0.90M and 1.35M was offered and mostly consumed before forage was offered ad libitum. The initial mean weight of the steers was 240 kg. Consumed MM comprised 0%, 21%, 38% and 50% of the total DM intake for Angleton grass and 0%, 19%, 33% and 41% for Rhodes grass. The corresponding mean liveweight (LW) gains were 0.06, 0.31, 0.73 and 0.83 kg/day for steers fed Angleton grass and 0.61, 0.90, 1.02 and 1.13 kg/day for steers fed Rhodes grass. In a second experiment, MM was offered to steers (initially 370 kg) at the same time as forage. Offered MM comprised 0, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.20M of the calculated metabolisable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance. Consumed MM comprised 0%, 20%, 36% and 48% of the total DM intake for Angleton grass diets and 0%, 18%, 28% and 32% for Rhodes grass diets. The corresponding mean LW gains were –0.09, 0.36, 0.58 and 0.70 kg/day for Angleton grass diets and 0.63, 0.67, 0.80 and 0.94 kg/day for Rhodes grass diets. The method of presentation of the MM had only minor effects on the amounts and proportions of forage and the MM consumed and on the LW gains of the steers, expressed as g/kg0.75 LW per day to allow for differences in initial LW between experiments. Using modifications to the scheme of SCA (1990) to predict maintenance energy requirements, a value for efficiency of use of ME for growth was calculated from growth rates of steers fed Rhodes grass. When MM with an assumed content of 11 MJ ME/ kg DM was added to the forage diets, the calculated ME content of forage decreased with increased MM content, consistent with depression of fibre digestion. The relationships for the separate experiments indicated that at 50% MM in the diet, the magnitudes of the depression in the calculated ME content of the forages were 20–37% for Rhodes grass and 18–33% for Angleton grass.
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Egan, M. K., S. P. Boschma, S. Harden, C. A. Harris, and C. Edwards. "Temperatures for seedling emergence of tropical perennial grasses." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 5 (2017): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17139.
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A growth-cabinet study was conducted to determine the optimum temperature range for seedling emergence of seven tropical grasses commonly sown in the frost-prone, summer-dominant rainfall region of inland northern New South Wales. The grasses were Bothriochloa bladhii subsp. glabra (forest bluegrass) cv. Swann, Bothriochloa insculpta (creeping bluegrass) cv. Bisset, Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) cv. Katambora, Digitaria eriantha (digit grass) cv. Premier, Panicum coloratum var. makarikariense (makarikari grass) cv. Bambatsi, and Megathyrsus maximus (panic) cvv. Gatton and Megamax 059. Six constant temperatures were used, ranging from 10°C to 35°C in 5°C increments. Katambora Rhodes grass was the only grass to emerge at 10°C; seedlings of all grasses emerged at temperatures >10°C. Optimal temperature range for emergence varied between species, falling into three groups: low (Bisset creeping bluegrass 16−22°C); intermediate (Premier digit grass 21−32°C, Swann forest bluegrass 23−31°C, Megamax 059 panic 23−35°C, Gatton panic 24−32°C); and high (Bambatsi makarikari grass 24−35°C, Katambora Rhodes grass 24−35°C). The temperature range at which 50% of optimum emergence occurred was 12−14°C for Katambora Rhodes grass, Bisset creeping blue and Premier digit, and 17−18°C for the panic grasses, Swann forest bluegrass and Bambatsi makarikari grass. These temperatures provide options for sowing earlier in spring or later in summer–autumn and may assist development of sowing time options in new environments and provide insight into competition between species.
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Manalil, Sudheesh, Ahmadreza Mobli, and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan. "Competitiveness of windmill grass (Chloris truncata) and feathertop Rhodes grass (Chloris virgata) in mungbean (Vigna radiata)." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 10 (2020): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20092.
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Windmill grass (Chloris truncata R.Br.) and feathertop Rhodes grass (Chloris virgata Sw.) are two weeds of the northern region of Australia that are rapidly expanding in range, being favoured by conservation agricultural systems and prevailing weed management using a narrow pool of herbicides. Information on competitiveness and seed-production dynamics of these weeds is lacking for mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), a major summer crop in the region. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of different densities of these weed species on crop yield of mungbean in the 2016–17 (2016) and 2017–18 (2017) seasons. Windmill grass reduced mungbean yields by 56% with 39 weed plants m–2 in 2016 and 55% with 47 weed plants m–2 in 2017. Windmill grass produced a maximum of 98708 seeds m–2 in 2016 and 118613 seeds m–2 in 2017, and there was 15–21% seed dispersal at crop harvest. Competition from feathertop Rhodes grass resulted in yield losses of 73% with 49 weed plants m–2 and 65% with 45 weed plants m–2. Feathertop Rhodes grass produced a maximum of 229514 seeds m–2 in 2016 and 367190 seeds m–2 in 2017, and seed dispersal at crop harvest was only 3–7%. Competition from both weed species resulted in a significant reduction in number of pods per m2, grains per pod and 1000-grain weight of mungbean. These results show that windmill grass and feathertop Rhodes are highly competitive against mungbean, and their timely management is crucial for minimising yield loss. Although both weeds produced a substantial number of seeds, seed dispersal at crop harvest was low, especially for feathertop Rhodes grass. The high weed-seed retention relative to maturity of mungbean may help in managing these problematic weeds through various means including weed-seed capturing and destruction
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Ogedegbe, S. A., and C. N. C. Nwaoguala. "Effects of some animal manure and rate of application on growth, herbage and seed yields of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana var. Callide)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i2.800.
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An experiment was conducted twice concurrently at Vom in Plateau State Nigeria in 2011 to evaluate the effects of three animal based organic fertilizers and three rates of application on the growth, seed and herbage yields of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana var. Callide). This study involved three types (poultry, rabbit and sheep dung) of animal fertilizer and three rates (0, 25 and 50 t ha-1) of application in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement fitted into randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Animal fertilizers significantly (p < 0.05) increased growth, seed, fresh herbage and dry matter yields of Rhodes grass. Generally, fertilizers from poultry and rabbit were similar and better (p < 0.05) than that of sheep in the enhancement of the measured variables. At 6 weeks after fertilizer application (WAF), fresh herbage yield was in the range of 14.6 – 48.3 t ha-1 whereas dry matter yield ranged from 4.7 – 13.9 t ha-1 while seed yield was 1.8 – 2.3 t ha-1. At 12 WAF, rabbit fertilizer produced significantly higher values than sheep fertilizer by 21.2 % for sward height, 70.1 % for fresh herbage yield and 61.4 % for dry matter yield. The correlation coefficients among the measured variables were positive and highly significant. The highest correlation recorded (0.937**) was between fresh herbage and dry matter yields. The study indicated that application of either rabbit or poultry fertilizer can suitably enhance Rhodes grass growth for higher herbage and seed yields. The study also showed that 25 and 50 t ha-1 of animal fertilizers on Rhodes grass yielded similar results. With adequate fertilizer application, Rhodes grass can produce sufficient herbage to meet the nutritional requirement of several ruminant livestock. It is not economical to apply more than 25 t ha-1 of animal fertilizers to Rhodes grass if they contain more than 1.21 % of nitrogen.
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Rasool, Ghulam, Gulshan Mahajan, Rajpaul Yadav, Zarka Hanif, and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan. "Row spacing is more important than seeding rate for increasing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) control and grain yield in soybean (Glycine max)." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 7 (2017): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17229.
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In Australia, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is planted at a low density in wide rows, and weeds substantially reduce yield because of opportunities for their growth in the wide rows. Field studies were conducted over 2 years at the University of Queensland farm, Gatton, Australia, to assess the effect of row spacing and seeding rate on the competitiveness of soybeans with a model weed, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth). The experiment was conducted in a split-split plot design, replicated three times. Main plots comprised two seeding rates (40 and 80 kg ha–1), subplots two row spacings (25 and 75 cm), and sub-subplots four Rhodes grass infestation periods (weedy from planting to maturity, weedy from 3 weeks after planting (WAP) to maturity, weedy from 6 WAP to maturity, and weed-free from planting to maturity). The results showed that seed rate did not influence Rhodes grass biomass or soybean yield. Soybean yield was greater and Rhodes grass biomass was less in the 25-cm rows than the 75-cm rows. For the 25-cm rows, Rhodes grass biomass in the plots infested beyond 3 WAP was 81–89% less than in the season-long weedy plots, whereas for the wider row crop, this reduction was only 60–75%. For the 25-cm rows, soybean yield in the plots infested with Rhodes grass beyond 3 WAP was 30–36% less than under weed-free condition. However, for the 75-cm rows, this reduction was 56–65%. The results suggest that planting soybean in wider rows caused greater reduction in yield and required an earlier weed management program than planting in narrow rows. The study also suggested that narrowing row spacing was more important than increasing seeding rates for improving weed control and soybean grain yield.
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Russell, JS. "Soil treatment, plant species and management effects on improved pastures on a solodic soil in the semi-arid subtropics. 2. Cattle liveweight gains." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850380.
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Increased and sustained beef cattle liveweight gains were obtained during 1974-79 on improved pastures in an experiment on a solodic soil at Kogan in southern Queensland. Annual liveweight gains of almost 100 kg/ha and 160 kg/steer were obtained at a stocking rate of 0.62 steers/ha on Rhodes grass fertilized with nitrogen; Rhodes grass and medics; and Rhodes grass, medics and siratro. The latter two pastures received an initial application of hydrated lime and gypsum (HLG). Medics responded markedly to HLG and this resulted in a 54% increase in liveweight gain per hectare on the Rhodes grassmedic pasture. However, the capacity of Rhodes grass-legume pastures to sustain higher stocking rates was much less than Rhodes grass fertilized with nitrogen. Rate of liveweight gain varied seasonally. There was a marked depression in late autumn and early winter, a steady increase in spring, a minor depression in late spring and early summer, and a minor increase in late summer and early autumn. Comparison of animal production with a long term experiment at Narayen on a low-fertility soil showed similarities, except for the poor performance of siratro at Kogan in terms of productivity and persistence. The main differences in the soils (both Alfisols) were the presence of levels of exchangeable sodium exceeding 40% in the subsoil, and poorer physical properties of the Kogan soil. Although the experiment has shown potential for increased animal production from improved pastures in this environment, factors limiting sustained high production are high liveweight losses in the cool months, rainfall variability and pasture instability. Conservative pasture management is needed if improved species are to be retained in pastures on these soils.
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Russell, JS. "Soil treatment, plant species and management effects on improved pastures on a solodic soil in the semi-arid subtropics. I. Dry matter and botanical composition." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850367.
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Pastures of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana), temperate legumes (annual medics) and a tropical legume (siratro) were established on a solodic soil in 1973-74 at Kogan in the semi-arid subtropics of southern Queensland. The effect of soil treatments, sown pasture species and cattle stocking rates on dry matter yields and botanical composition were measured during 1974-79. Nitrogen deficiency was a key factor limiting herbage production. Increased nitrogen in the ecosystem applied as fertilizer increased mean presentation dry matter of Rhodes grass pastures from 990 to 3443 kg/ha. Use of hydrated lime and gypsum (HLG) and annual medics with Rhodes grass increased dry matter yields from 990 to 1773 kg/ha. Where HLG had been applied, the annual medics re-established from seed each autumn and early winter throughout the period studied. Siratro established well at sowing and contributed initially to herbage production but then declined to almost zero. Deep subsoiling had no significant effect on dry matter yields or siratro persistence. Applied phosphorus at 48 kg Plha at establishment significantly increased herbage yields of Rhodes grass compared with 24 kg P/ha but no significant effects at either rate were found with a further 60 kg P/ha applied as 12 kg P/ha.year. Rhodes grass, which is tolerant of high soil sodium and magnesium status, maintained frequencies above 90% in treatments where the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were high and when grazed at 0.62 steers/ha. However, deterioration occurred where nitrogen and phosphorus were lower or grazing pressure was higher, resulting in an ingress of native grasses. Twenty-five volunteer grass species were identified, the main genera being Eragrostis and Chloris. The need for a self-regenerating annual summer-growing legume in this environment is discussed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rhodes grass"
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Ferran, Marcos de. ""Remediação de um argissolo vermelho amarelo distrófico irrigado com efluente industrial citrícola com o cultivo do Capim-de-Rhodes (Chloris gayana, Kunth)"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-05072006-112630/.
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Com o objetivo de utilizar o Capim-de-rhodes como ferramenta de remediação de um Argissolo, textura média, irrigado com efluente industrial, um ensaio foi realizado em condições de campo no município de Matão (Estado de São Paulo), a fim de se verificar a capacidade de exportação de Na pelo Capim, sob diferentes doses de fertilizantes, nitrogenado e potássico. O experimento foi instalado no final da estação seca, em parcelas de 6 X 7 m, com desenho experimental de blocos totalmente casualizados. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha total (solo nu) e cultivo de capim com 0, 50, 100 e 200 kg de N e K2O . ha-1, aplicados a cada corte do capim (40 dias de intervalo). Foram realizadas coletas de solo em três profundidades, antes da aplicação dos tratamentos e depois, juntamente com as duas colheitas de capim; estas últimas visando a avaliação do rendimento agrícola e diagnose foliar. Os resultados indicaram uma nítida resposta em termos de produção de massa seca e teor de sódio na parte aérea quando o capim foi submetido às doses de 50, 100 e 200 kg de N e K2O.ha-1, comparado com o tratamento sem fertilizante. Esta resposta levou o capim a uma capacidade total de exportação de sódio de 120 kg.ha-1, quantidade esta, maior do que a aplicada pela irrigação no período do ensaio (75 kg.ha-1), levando à redução do teor no solo. O Capim-de-Rhodes demonstrou sua utilidade potencial como remediador de solos solódicos. Os resultados indicaram que é possível a prática da irrigação com o efluente, manejando-se adequadamente o capim, principalmente com fertilizantes nitrogenados, indicando também melhoria das características químicas do solo.With the objective of using Chloris gayana (a grass specie) as a tool on the remediation of a tipic Hapludult, medium texture, irrigated with industrial waste water, a field trial was installed in Matão (state of São Paulo, Brazil) in order to assess the total exportation capacity of sodium by the grass, under different rates of nitrogen and potassium. The experiment was carried out at the end of the dry season, on 6 x 7 meters plot on a randomized complete block design. The treatments were: untreated (nude soil), and grass fertilized with 0, 50, 100 & 200 kg of N and K2O.ha-1, applied at each grass harvesting event (40 days interval). Soil was collected at three depths, before treatment application, and after, together with both grass harvesting; those, with the objective of evaluating yield and foliar analysis. The results indicated a clear response of yield and leaf sodium content when the grass was submitted to 50, 100 & 200 kg.ha-1 of N and K2O, compared to the zero fertilizer treatment. The grass achieved 120 kg.ha-1 exportation capacities in 80 days, which is more than the amount of sodium applied by the irrigation (75 kg.ha-1). Chloris gayana, showed its utility as a potential bio remediator of sodic soils. Also, the results confirmed that is possible to use the soil as a tool to treat waste water containing sodium, by managing adequately the mentioned grass specie, mainly with nitrogen fertilizer, maintaining quality for production.
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Lüse, Alexandra [Verfasser], Heidrun [Gutachter] Rhode, Ulrike [Gutachter] John, and Oliver [Gutachter] Gross. "Proteomics basierte Suche nach Biomarkerkandidaten am Hundemodell (COL4A5⁻/⁻) zur präklinischen Diagnose des Alportsyndroms / Alexandra Lüse ; Gutachter: Heidrun Rhode, Ulrike John, Oliver Gross." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216173532/34.
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Ngo, The Duc. "Biology and glyphosate resistance in Chloris truncata (windmill grass) and Chloris virgata (feathertop Rhodes grass) in southern Australia." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119095.
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Chloris truncata and C. virgata, which are major weeds in cotton and grain crops in the sub-tropical region of Australia, have recently emerged as potential weeds of the future in southern Australia. Glyphosate, an inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase (EPSPS), is the most widely used non-selective post-emergence herbicide globally. As a result of over-reliance on glyphosate combined with dominance of reduced tillage systems for weed control, glyphosate-resistant populations of C. truncata have already been reported in Australia. C. virgata is also considered hard to kill with glyphosate, but resistance has not been reported so far in the literature. Studies on growth, development and seed biology of C. truncata and C. virgata were conducted to better understand the biology of these emerging weed species. Under field conditions, C. truncata and C. virgata required 748-786 degree-days (Cd) and 1200 Cd respectively to progress from emergence to mature seed production. Freshly produced seeds of C. virgata were dormant for about 2 months, whereas 16-40% of seeds of C. truncata germinated within a week after maturation. Seed dormancy of C. virgata was released by the pre-treatment with 564 mM NaClO for 30 minutes. Exposure to light significantly increased germination of C. truncata seed from 0-2% in the dark to 77-84% in the light, and of C. virgata seed from 2-35% in the dark to 72- 85% in the light. Seeds of these two species could germinate over a wide temperature range (10-40oC), with maximum germination at 20-25oC for C. truncata and 15-25oC for C. virgata. The predicted base temperature for germination was 9.2-11.2oC for C. truncata and much lower 2.1-3.0oC for C. virgata. Seedling emergence of C. virgata (76% for seeds present on soil surface) was significantly reduced by burial at 1 (57%), 2 (49%) and 5 cm (9%), whereas seedling emergence of C. truncata was completely inhibited by burial of seed even at a shallow depth (0.5 cm). Under field conditions, both C. truncata and C. virgata seeds persisted in the soil for at least 11 months and seasons with below-average spring-summer rainfall increased seed persistence. Detailed studies were undertaken to identify glyphosate-resistant populations and to understand the mechanism of glyphosate resistance in C. truncata and C. virgata. Glyphosate resistance (GR) was confirmed in five populations of C. truncata and four populations of C. virgata. GR plants were 2.4 to 8.7-fold (C. truncata) and 2 to 9.7-fold (C. virgata) more resistant and accumulated less shikimate after glyphosate treatment than susceptible (S) plants. The differences in shikimate accumulation indicated that glyphosate did reach the target site but inhibited the EPSPS enzyme of each population differently. Glyphosate absorption and translocation did not differ between GR and S plants of either C. truncata or C. virgata. Two target-site EPSPS mutations (Pro-106-Leu and Pro-106-Ser) were likely to be the primary mechanism of glyphosate resistance in C. virgata but no previously known target-site mutations were identified in C. truncata. The C. virgata population with Pro-106-Leu substitution was 2.9 to 4.9-fold more resistant than those with Pro-106-Ser substitution. The primary mechanism of resistance to glyphosate in C. truncata was a combination of target-site EPSPS mutation (Glu-91-Ala) and amplification of the EPSPS gene. There were 16 to 48-fold more copies of the EPSPS gene in GR plants compared to S plants, with the number of EPSPS copies found to be variable both between and within populations.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, 2017
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大井, 崇生, and Takao Oi. "Morphology and salt excretion mechanism of the salt glands in Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana Kunth)." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20351.
Full textBooks on the topic "Rhodes grass"
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Mbwile, Reginald Paul. Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth): Effects of age and season on growth, chemical composition and digestibility, and on selective intake by dairy cows. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för husdjurens utfodring och vård, 1990.
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Gross Misbehavior and Wickedness: A Notorious Divorce in Early Twentieth-Century America. Temple University Press, 2017.
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Elson, Jean. Gross Misbehavior and Wickedness: A Notorious Divorce in Early Twentieth-Century America. Temple University Press, 2017.
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Stone, Edwin Martin. Our French Allies: Rochambeau and His Army, Lafayette and His Devotion, d'estaing, de Ternay, Barras, de Grasse, and Their Fleets, in the Great War of the American Revolution, from 1778 to 1782, Including Military Operations in Rhode Island, the Surrender. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rhodes grass"
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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 497–98. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_205.
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Njarui, D. M. G., M. Gatheru, and S. R. Ghimire. "Brachiaria Grass for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Livestock Production in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 755–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_146.
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AbstractBrachiaria grass is a “climate smart” forage that produces high amount of palatable and nutritious biomass for livestock and performs well in infertile soils, sequesters carbon in soil, and provides several environmental benefits. The objective of the study was to validate the productivity of Brachiaria grass and upscale the suitable cultivars for improved livestock feed resources in Kenya. We assume integrating Brachiaria grass into mixed crop-livestock system will enhance feed availability and livestock productivity, leading to increased food and nutrition security. Farmer participatory approach was adopted to evaluate and promote four Brachiaria grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. brizantha cvs. Xaraes, Piata, and MG-4) in the Central Highland and Eastern Midland of Kenya. The extension/advisory approaches used to promote Brachiaria grass cultivars included field days, village knowledge centres, agricultural shows, posters, and linkages with other institutions through multi-actor platform established under the InnovAfrica project. Generally, Brachiaria grass cultivars were more productive than the control (Rhodes grass) in most harvests reaching peak of 5.1–7.7 t/ha in the fifth harvest. For Rhodes grass, DM was less than 4 t/ha in all harvest and died by sixth harvest. Similarly, based on farmers’ evaluation using phenotypic traits, the Brachiaria grass cultivars had higher score than Rhodes grass except cv. Piata. The mean score ranged from 2.75 to 3.19 for Brachiaria cultivars, while for Rhodes the mean score was 2.63. Within 2 years of intervention, over 4000 farmers in the 2 project sites and additional 1500 farmers from other parts of the country have planted the Brachiaria grass. The demand for Brachiaria grass seeds is increasing due to benefits gained, e.g., increased milk production from dairy cattle fed on the grass. Our study will quantify the associated benefits from cultivation of Brachiaria grass with respect to a set of ecological, food and nutrition security, and social-economic indicators.
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"RHODES GRASS (ABYSSINIAN RHODES GRASS)." In Forage Crops of the World, Volume II: Minor Forage Crops, 85–94. Apple Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351167284-14.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Rhodes grass"
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John E Gilley, Bahman Eghball, and David B Marx. "Effects of Narrow Grass Hedges on Nutrient Transport From Land Application Areas." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24578.
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H K Ahn and M C Smith. "Biogas production potential from switch grass-animal manure mixture using dry anaerobic digestion." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25191.
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KARUNANITHY CHINNADURAI, KASIVISWANATHAN MUTHUKUMARAPPAN, and JAMES L JULSON. "A Comparative Study of Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Prairie Cord Grass Pretreated using High Shear Bioreactor." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24962.
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Yufeng Ge, J. Alex Thomasson, Ruixiu Sui, A. J., and Sjolander. "Exploring spatial variation of lint yield, fiber quality, gross revenue, and net profitability in a cotton field: a module by module approach." In 2008 Providence, Rhode Island, June 29 - July 2, 2008. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25130.
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Guzas, Emily L., Stephen E. Turner, Matthew Babina, Brandon Casper, Thomas N. Fetherston, and Joseph M. Ambrico. "Validation of a Surrogate Model for Marine Mammal Lung Dynamics Under Underwater Explosive Impulse." In ASME 2019 Verification and Validation Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/vvs2019-5143.
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Abstract Primary blast injury (PBI), which relates gross blast-related trauma or traces of injury in air-filled tissues or those tissues adjacent to air-filled regions (rupture/lesions, contusions, hemorrhaging), has been documented in a number of marine mammal species after blast exposure [1, 2, 3]. However, very little is known about marine mammal susceptibility to PBI except in rare cases of opportunistic studies. As a result, traditional techniques rely on analyses using small-scale terrestrial mammals as surrogates for large-scale marine mammals. For an In-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), researchers at the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport (NUWCDIVNPT), have undertaken a broad 3-year effort to integrate computational fluid-structure interaction techniques with marine mammal anatomical structure. The intent is to numerically simulate the dynamic response of a marine mammal thoracic cavity and air-filled lungs to shock loading, to enhance understanding of marine mammal lungs to shock loading in the underwater environment. In the absence of appropriate test data from live marine mammals, a crucial part of this work involves code validation to test data for a suitable surrogate test problem. This research employs a surrogate of an air-filled spherical membrane structure subjected to shock loading as a first order approximation to understanding marine mammal lung response to underwater explosions (UNDEX). This approach incrementally improves upon the currently used one-dimensional spherical air bubble approximation to marine mammal lung response by providing an encapsulating boundary for the air. The encapsulating structure is membranous, with minimal simplified representation not accounting for marine mammal species-specific and individual animal differences in tissue composition, rib mechanics, and mechanical properties of interior lung tissue. NUWCDIVNPT partnered with the Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (NSMRL) to design and execute a set of experiments to investigate the shock response of an air-filled rubber dodgeball in a shallow underwater environment. These tests took place in the 2.13 m (7-ft) diameter pressure tank at the University of Rhode Island, with test measurements including pressure data and digital image correlation (DIC) data captured with high-speed cameras in a stereo setup. The authors developed 3-dimensional computational models of the dodgeball experiments using Dynamic System Mechanics Advanced Simulation (DYSMAS), a Navy fluid-structure interaction code. DYSMAS models of a variety of different problems involving submerged pressure vessel structures responding to hydrostatic and/or UNDEX loading have been validated against test data [4]. Proper validation of fluid structure interaction simulations is quite challenging, requiring measurements in both the fluid and structure domains. This paper details the development of metrics for comparison between test measurements and simulation results, with a discussion of potential sources of uncertainty.