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1
Boxer, Andrew Kenneth Arthur. "The USA and Southern Rhodesia, 1953-1969." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7a8080ce-43ca-4f20-8ab1-ff31f95e036d.
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Existing studies of this topic have not made enough use of the British archives. Nor have they analysed the American domestic response to UDI in sufficient depth. The policies of successive American administrations as regards the Rhodesian problem can only be fully understood as part of Washington’s attitude to Britain, to Africa in general, and to southern Africa in particular. And, because the issue of white minority rule in Africa raised powerful emotions both in the African American community and among white opponents of civil rights, the Rhodesian crisis became a part of the politics of racial equality within the USA, playing a key role in the developing ideologies of these two communities. This thesis is based on research in both American and British archives and aims to show that the prevailing interpretation, especially of the policies of the Johnson Administration once Rhodesia had made its illegal declaration of independence in November 1965, is mistaken. Scholars have tended to take at face value the oft-repeated claim of US policy-makers that Rhodesia was a British problem, that they wished to be no more than helpful bystanders, supporting British efforts to see the downfall of the illegal regime and the creation of a government based on majority rule, and that when they did intervene, it was merely to urge the British to be firmer in their resolve to end the rebellion. The central contention of this thesis is that the officials shaping African policy in the Johnson Administration were intimately involved in the management of the crisis and that, far from resisting a solution that legitimised the white minority regime, they actively encouraged the British to settle with the illegal government.
2
King, Anthony Robert. "Identity and decolonisation : the policy of partnership in Southern Rhodesia 1945-62." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365505.
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Ginsburgh, Nicola. "White workers and the production of race in Southern Rhodesia, 1910-1980." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19418/.
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Scholarship on lower class whites, the worlds of white labour and poor whites in African settler states have been dominated by a geographical focus on South Africa, Algeria and to a lesser extent Mozambique and Angola. Research on the Southern Rhodesian settler population has tended to focus on middle class and rural whites. Wage labourers comprised a significant part of the Southern Rhodesian settler population and offer the opportunity to redress these current imbalances and challenge orthodoxies concerning white workers in racially-stratified labour markets. Through examining the struggles over the racialisation and gendering of particular categories of work, this thesis unearths the ways in which race, gender, ethnicity and nationality were differentially understood and performed. It examines white workers outside of the typical temporal and thematic parameters which have been pursued by labour historians of Southern Rhodesia by interrogating the neglected realms of culture and identity and extending the chronological focus from the first decades of settlement through the Second World War, the Central African Federation and Rhodesian Front period to the end of minority settler rule in 1980. Through analysing women as part of the formal labour force it reveals the diverse experiences of white women in the colonies, examines how work was gendered, and corrects a longstanding omission in existing labour histories. Its originality lies not only in its focus on under-researched aspects of female wage labour, white identity and class experience in Southern Rhodesia, but in its methodological and theoretical synthesis of work on gender, whiteness studies, settler colonialism, emotions, the New African Economic History, space and borders.
4
Stuart, Osmond Wesley. "'Good boys', footballers and strikers : African social change in Bulawayo, 1933-1953." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325071.
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Hove, Godfrey. "The state, farmers and dairy farming in colonial Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia), c.1890-1951." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97113.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis uses dairy farming in colonial Zimbabwe/Southern Rhodesia as a lens to explore the
intersection of economic, social and environmental factors in colonial agriculture from the 1890s
until 1951, when a new regulatory framework was introduced for the industry. It examines the
complex and fluid interactions between the colonial state and farmers (both white and black),
and the manner in which these interactions shaped and reshaped policy within the context of the
local political economy and the changing global economic conditions. It examines the competing
interests of the colonial state and farmers, and how these tensions played out in the formulation
and implementation of dairy development policy over time. This thesis demonstrates that these
contestations profoundly affected the trajectory of an industry that started as a mere side-line to
the beef industry until it had become a central industry in Southern Rhodesia’s agricultural
economy by the late 1940s. Thus, besides filling a historiographical gap in existing studies of
Southern Rhodesia’s agricultural economy, the thesis engages in broader historiographical
conversations about settler colonial agricultural policy and the role of the state and farmers in
commercial agriculture. Given the fractured nature of colonial administration in Southern
Rhodesia, this study also discusses conflicts among government officials. It demonstrates how
these differences affected policy formulation and implementation, especially regarding African
commercial dairy production. This thesis also explores the impact of a segregationist agricultural
policy, particularly focusing on prejudices about the “African body” and hygiene. It shows how
this shaped the character of both African and white production trends. It demonstrates that
Africans were unevenly affected by settler policy, as some indigenous people continued to
compete with white farmers at a time when existing regulations were intended to exclude them
from the colonial dairy industry. It argues that although dairy farming had grown to be a strong
white-dominated industry by 1951, the history of dairy farming during the period under review
was characterised by contestations between the state and both white and African farmers.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis gebruik suiwelboerdery in koloniale Zimbabwe/Suid-Rhodesie as ’n lens om die
ekonomiese, sosiale en omgewingsgerigte kruispunte in koloniale landbou van omstreeks 1890 t
1951 toe ‘n nuwe regulatoriese raamwerk vir suiwelboerdery ingestel is te, ondersoek. Die
komplekse en vloeibare interaksies tussen die koloniale staat en boere (wit sowel as swart) en die
wyse waarop hierdie interaksies beleid binne die konteks van die plaaslike politieke ekonomie en
die globale ekonomiese omstandighede gevorm en hervorm het, word ondersoek. Hierbenewens
word gelet op die spanninge tussen die belange van die koloniale staat en die boere (wit sowel as
swart) en hoe hierdie spanning oor tyd in die formulering en implementering van suiwelbeleid
gemanifested het. Hierdie tesis demonstreer dat di spanninge en stryd ’n diepgaande uitwerking
gehad het op ’n bedryf wat aanvanklik as ondergeskik tot die vleisbedryf begin het, naar teen die
leat as ‘n sentrale veertigerjere bedryf in die Rhodesiëse landelike ekonomie uitgekristalliseer
het. Benewens die feit dat die proefakrif ’n historiografiese leemte in bestaande koloniale
Zimbabwe aangespreek, vorm dit ook deel van ’n breër historiografiese diskoers ten opsigte van
setlaar koloniale landbou in Zimbabwe en die rol van die staat en boere in kommersiële landbou.
Vanweё die gefragmenteerde aard van koloniale administrasie in Suid-Rhodesië, fokus die tesis
ook op die konflikte tussen regeringsamptenare en hoe hierdie geskille veral beleidsformulering
en implementering ten opsigte van swart kommersiële suiwelboerdery beïnvloed het. Vervolgens
word die uitwerking van ’n landboubeleid geliasear of segragasi onder die loep geneem met
spesiale verwysing na die geskiktheid van swartmense vir kommersiële suiwelboerdery en hoe
dit die aard en karakter van beide swart sowel as wit produksie tendense beïnvloed het. Daar
word aangedui dat swartmense nie eenvormig deur setlaarsbeleid geraak is nie aangesien van
hulle met wit boere meegeding het op ’n stadium toe die heersende regulasies daerop gemik was
oin baie van hulle uit die koloniale suiwelbedryfwit te slint. Die sentrale argument is dat hoewel
suiwelboerdery sterk wit gedomineerd was teen 1951, die geskiedenis van die bedryf gedurende
die tydperk onder bespreking gekenmerk is deur stryd en konflite tussen die staat en wit sowel as swart boere.
6
Jeater, Diana. "Marriage, perversion & power : the construction of moral discourse in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), 1890-1930." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:88ba7d09-6ce0-42f4-a361-4ce753bc089c.
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The power of the rural patriarchs in the region which became known as Southern Rhodesia depended, in the 1890s, upon their control over marriage alliances. Meanwhile, in Europe, the power to control sexual behaviour was becoming linked to the distinction between 'moral' matters which were no concern of the State, and 'perverse' matters, subject to legislative control. The occupying administration established in 1890, spurred by internal political disputes, deemed African male sexuality to be 'perverse', using this to justify its attempts to undermine rural patriarchs and proletarianise African women. Simultaneously, the whites introduced new social environments, where lineage links were not the primary determinant of people's interactions with one another, and encouraged large numbers of single men from across the sub-continent into Southern Rhodesia, to work there. These changes inevitably affected the ways in which members of the African communities perceived themselves. Individualist notions of sexual choice were encouraged by BSACo legislation, while the spread of migrant labour created situations in which men and women could actually make such choices. Rural patriarchs lobbied for State support in their attempts to control women and their seducers. This support came in 1916 with the Natives Adultery Punishment Ordinance, which, although ostensibly supporting 'traditional' patriarchal power, actually reinforced the notion that individuals, and women in particular, were alone answerable for their sexual choices. Meanwhile, fears about African male 'perversity' in the white communities combined with the appearance of African prostitution to challenge African ides about what was valuable in 'men' and 'women' and to suggest that sexuality was something that could be used and abused outside any wider implications regarding lineage obligation. Africans began to accept the notion of 'immorality' as applied to independent women. By the 1930s, the internal politics of the white community saw this typification extended to all African women, alongside the fear of African men as 'perverse'.
7
Robertshaw, Philip Charles. "Degeneration or development? : the rural land crisis and models of peasant response in Southern Rhodesia, with special reference to the 1930s and 1940s." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329138.
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8
Gombay, Katherine. "The black peril and miscegenation : the regulation of inter-racial sexual relations in southern Rhodesia, 1890-1933." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61072.
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For over forty years, at the turn of this century, the white settlers of Southern Rhodesia devoted considerable energy to the discussion and the regulation of inter-racial sexual relations. The settlers' worries about maintaining their position in power were expressed, in part, in the periodic outbreaks of 'black peril' hysteria, a term which well-captures white fears about the threat that African men were thought to represent to white women. Although voluntary sexual encounters between white women and black men were prohibited from 1903 onwards, no such prohibition existed for white men in their relations with black women. The white women made several attempts to have legislation passed prohibiting such liasons, and failed largely because in doing so they were perceived to be challenging the authority of the white men. The regulation of interracial sexual intercourse thus served to reinforce the white male domination of Rhodesian society.
9
Johnson, David. "The impact of the Second World War on Southern Rhodesia : with reference to African labour, 1939-1948." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.544003.
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This thesis examines the second world war as a watershed in the socio-economic development of Southern Rhodesia. It begins with an analysis of the specific contributions of the settler colony to the imperial war effort - e. g., the Empire Air Training Scheme and the Rhodesian African Rifles, which are discussed in chapters one and two. The next chapter focuses on changes in the major sectors of the economy - mining, agriculture and manufacturing. It examines settler responses to the increased internal and external demand for agricultural produce; the growth of a manufacturing sector induced by wartime import restrictions and the expansion of the internal market; and the role of the state in these developments. The last four chapters concentrate on the experience of Africans in the rural areas and the expanding. urban centres. It is argued that, under the guise of support for the war effort, undercapitalized settler producers - who were unable to attract an adequate supply of labour through a dependence on market forces - used their political influence to pressure the government into coercing Africans into wage employment. Wartime coercion helped to resolve some of the historic problems of 'labour shortages' by accelerating the process of "proletarianization" of the African peasantry in Southern Rhodesia. Some of those who fled the compulsory labour gang recruiters found voluntary employment in the cities or the Union of South Africa, where wages were much higher. The influx of workers into the cities - centres of increased economic activity during the war - caused a strain on urban resources such as housing. This, combined with wartime inflation and undemocratic labour legislation, helped to produce deteriorating conditions of work and life for the majority of urban labourers. Africans were not passive in face of these events and, like workers elsewhere on the continent, they sought to redress their grievances through spontaneous and organized action in the immediate post-war years, the most notable episodes being the 1945 rail strike and the 1948 general strike
10
Pomeroy, Eugene Peter Jarrett. "The Origins and Development of the Defense Forces of Northern and Southern Rhodesia from 1890 to 1945." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4774.
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This thesis examines Northern and Southern Rhodesia's history through the formation and development of their police and military units from the time Rhodesia was created in 1890 until the end of the Second World War. Southern Rhodesia, founded after a series of short and bloody frontier wars, was a self-governing British colony under a white minority and centered its peace-time security efforts around keeping an eye on potential uprisings from the African majority. White Northern Rhodesians viewed the African majority with similar suspicion although they were never able to exclude Africans from territorial defense. Northern Rhodesia was governed from London and ultimate power did not lie with the settler community. The importance of the Second World War for Southern Rhodesia is that, because of British strategic policies, Rhodesians received perhaps the widest possible military exposure of any allied nation of the War. Because of a lingering hostility and suspicion by the Union of South Africa, Britain's prewar plans for defending their African empire were centered on making use of the skilled white manpower of Rhodesia and Kenya. Added to this was the willingness and apparent positive reception by white Rhodesians of black units in the Southern Rhodesian army, a break with the exclusively all-white tradition that prevailed up until then. The political capital accrued to Southern Rhodesia because of its close cooperation with Britain was perhaps the significant factor in the establishment of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1953 which included Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The Federation was Southern Rhodesia's supreme political achievement and the closest it came to legal independence and international respectability.
11
Smith, Randal Carson. "The struggle to control dispute proceedings in Southern Rhodesia, 1930 - 1970, with special reference to the lower courts." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264916.
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Welch, Pamela Jean. "Church and settler : a study in the history of the Anglican Diocese of Mashonaland/Southern Rhodesia 1890-1925." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417130.
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13
Olsson, Jan. "A crucial watershed in Southern Rhodesian politics : The 1961 Constitutional process and the 1962 General Election." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-923.
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The thesis examines the political development in Southern Rhodesia 1960-1962 when two processes, the 1961 Constitutional process and the 1962 General Election, had far-reaching consequences for the coming twenty years. It builds on a hypothesis that the Constitutional process led to a radicalisation of all groups, the white minority, the African majority and the colonial power. The main research question is why the ruling party, United Federal Party (UFP) after winning the referendum on a new Constitution with a wide margin could lose the ensuing election one year later to the party, Rhodesian Front (RF) opposing the constitution. The examination is based on material from debates in the Legal Assembly and House of Commons (UK), minutes of meetings, newspaper articles, election material etc. The hypothesis that the Constitutional process led to a radicalization of the main actors was partly confirmed. The process led to a focus on racial issues in the ensuing election. Among the white minority UFP attempted to develop a policy of continued white domination while making constitutional concessions to Africans in order to attract the African middle class. When UFP pressed on with multiracial structural reforms the electorate switched to the racist RF which was considered bearer of the dominant settler ideology. Among the African majority the well educated African middleclass who led the Nationalist movement, changed from multiracial reformists in late 1950‟s to majority rule advocates. After rejecting the 1961 Constitution they anew changed from constitutional reformists to supporter of an armed struggle. Britain‘s role was ambivalent trying to please all actors, the Southern Rhodesian whites and Africans but also the international opinion. However, it seems to have been its own neo colonial interests that finally determined their position and its fault in the move towards Unilateral Declaration of Independence and the civil war was huge. On the main research question the analysis points to two reasons. Firstly, the decision by the Nationalists to boycott the election and the heavy-handed actions they took to achieve this goal created a white back-lash against the ruling party and the loss of the second vote advantage. Secondly, when the ruling party decided to make the repeal of the Land Apportionment Act a key election issue they lost not only indifferent voters but also a major part of its normal electorate. They threatened the Settler State‟s way of life for the white minority.
14
Ngundu, Onesimus Annos. "Mission churches and African marriage in Southern Rhodesia 1890-1970 : contemporary African Christian dilemmas over marriage in historical and theological perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612107.
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Welch, Pamela. "Church and settler in colonial Zimbabwe : a study in the history of the anglican diocese of Mashonaland/Southern Rhodesia, 1890-1925 /." Leiden : Brill, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41352475n.
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Wright, Michael Robert. "Part four of the Rhodes University Skymap Program." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001988.
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The results of the fourth part of the Rhodes University Skymap Program are presented. The observations cover the area of sky between right ascension 14h00m and 02h30m and declination -26⁰ and + 13⁰ at a frequency of 2.3 GHz. Contour maps of this region, with a resolution of 0.38⁰, are presented. Various methods of reducing the effect of the Galactic disc emission are analyzed. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of one of these methods in the production of a flat base level. The filamentary structure of the North Polar Spur is enhanced and results are obtained which support current theories of the origin of this object. The HII region surrounding Ophiuchi is examined in detail. A number of parameters are derived for the HII region. The spur associated with the HII region S54 is also examined. A listing of 1105 point sources appearing in the maps is presented. The limiting flux density of this listing is 0.5 Jy
17
Kleinot, Hector R. "The structure and mineralization of Vubachikwe mine, Gwanda, Southern Rhodesia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18244.
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"The structure and mineralization of Vubachikwe mine, Gwanda, Southern Rhodesia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17777.
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"A Legacy of Oppressing: Whiteness and Collective Responsibility for Black Oppression in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18014.
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abstract: Cecil Rhodes said, "I would annex the planets if I could." This attitude epitomized the views of the white people who colonized Zimbabwe starting in 1890, and thus society was built on the doctrines of discovery, expansion, and subjugation and marginalization of the Native people. For white Zimbabweans in then-Rhodesia the institutionalization of racism privileged their bodies above all others and thus they were collectively responsible for the oppression of black people through white complacency in allowing that system to exist and active involvement in its formation. For my family, who has a four-hundred year history in Southern Africa, coming to this realization - this critical consciousness of their positionality as oppressor - has been a difficult road. Through their struggle made evident is the potential for change for both individuals and nations fighting to overcome the effects of colonization<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>M.A. Social Justice and Human Rights 2013
20
Barroso, Luís Fernando Machado. "A manobra político-diplomática de Portugal na África Austral (1951-1974)." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6200.
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Entre 1961 e 1974, Portugal combateu uma longa guerra em Angola, Moçambique e na
Guiné, indo buscar ao sistema internacional importantes apoios para o seu esforço de guerra.
Importantes trabalhos foram publicados neste âmbito, em especial no que respeita às
relações político-diplomáticas de Portugal com os EUA, Grã-Bretanha, França e Alemanha.
Porém, faltava ainda determinar até que ponto a guerra em Angola e em Moçambique foi
influenciada pelas relações que Portugal manteve com os países da África Austral (Rodésia,
África do Sul, Malawi e Zâmbia). Conhecer a dimensão diplomática da guerra colonial na
África Austral, permite compreender como o Governo Português tentou complementar as
suas alianças tradicionais desde que incorporou o Ato Colonial na Constituição (1951) até à
queda do regime no 25 de abril de 1974. O acesso a importante documentação nos arquivos
do Ministério Negócios Estrangeiros e da Defesa sul-africanos, complementada com
documentação existente nos arquivos nacionais ainda não explorada, combinados com uma
referenciação teórica orientada na utilização da diplomacia como instrumento de poder,
permitiu obter uma visão inovadora da política externa portuguesa que pretende
complementar a literatura historiográfica existente. A análise efetuada à manobra políticodiplomática
do Governo Português permite-nos concluir que Portugal tentou relevar a sua
importância estratégica em África para equilibrar a força centrípeta de Pretória na estratégia
da contrassubversão levada a cabo pelo “reduto branco” contra a “penetração comunista”. A
aproximação ao Malawi e à Zâmbia e o incentivo a Ian Smith para declarar a independência
unilateral, como mecanismo de equilíbrio contra a hegemonia de Pretória, não conseguiu
compensar o peso de Pretória depois da intervenção direta no sul de Angola a partir de 1967.
Além do mais, a degradação da situação militar em Tete a partir de 1970, que Pretória e
Salisbúria assumiram como o eixo da subversão na África Austral, e os investimentos nas
“províncias” empurraram definitivamente Angola e Moçambique para a órbita estratégica
sul-africana.<br>Between 1961 and 1974, Portugal fought a long war in Angola, Mozambique and Guinea,
getting an important support for its war effort from the international system. Important
literature has been published in this area, particularly with regard to political and diplomatic
relations between Portugal and the United States, Britain, France and Germany. However, we
had yet to determine how the war in Angola and Mozambique was influenced by the
relationships that Portugal kept with the countries of Southern Africa (Rhodesia, South
Africa, Malawi and Zambia). An acknowledgment of the diplomatic dimension of the colonial
war in Southern Africa provides an insight into the way the Portuguese government attempted
to reinforce their traditional alliances starting with the act that incorporated the colonial
constitution (1951) until the fall of the regime on April 25, 1974. The access to important data
from the archives of the Foreign Affairs and Defence from South Africa, the existing
documentation at the National Archives not fully explored until now, and a theoretical
framework grounded in the idea of using diplomacy as an instrument of power, provides an
overview of the innovative Portuguese foreign policy that complements the existing
historiographical literature. The analysis of the political and diplomatic manoeuvres of the
Portuguese Government with South Africa and Rhodesia, allows us to conclude that Portugal
tried to strengthen its strategic importance in Africa as a way to balance the centripetal
importance of Pretoria's strategy in its counter-subversion as the last "white redoubt" against
the "Communist invasion". The approach to Malawi and Zambia and the encouragement of
Ian Smith to declare unilateral independence (1965) as a mechanism against the hegemony of
Pretoria, failed to offset the weight of Pretoria after its direct intervention in southern Angola
after 1967. Furthermore, the degradation of the military situation in Tete from 1970, which
Pretoria and Salisbury took on as the axis of subversion in Southern Africa, plus the
investment in the "provinces" definitely pushed Angola and Mozambique to South Africa's
strategic orbit.
21
Mhuriro, Thomas. "Theology of empire and anglicanism: replicating Eusebius of Caesarea in the Diocese of Mashonaland (1890-1979)." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25952.
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The theology of empire is a critical theme that dates back many centuries. This research work is inspired by that of Eusebius of Caesarea who was emphatic in his support for the Roman Empire under Constantine during the first part of the fourth century of our common era. It could be said that appealing to such a theme in a colonial context marred by gross injustices yet premised on gospel imperatives as they guide the progress of a given church is not only challenging but interesting as well. By using the Diocese of Mashonaland as our referral case, the idea is to interrogate how the influence of Eusebius’ approach to history could be prevalent even in our time. By putting Anglican missionaries on the spotlight, who worked in the Diocese of Mashonaland, from the early 1890s up to 1979, an attempt is made to analyse their activities and attitudes, the way historians favourable to their venture narrated the Church’s progress and related matters. One major question leading all the analyses made in this context is to what extent could we justify the claim that the spirit of Eusebius is behind the Mashonaland Anglican Church narratives and attitudes? This question naturally leads us to bring in other perspectives that are linked to the socio-economic developments of the country, the political dispensations defining issues of governance, and the overall impact these had on racial matters given the critical reference to Christianity and civilisation. Historians and others who help us to appreciate this context are therefore taken to task as to whether they could be trusted unconditionally. The theology of empire is therefore allowed to dictate the way we could interrogate those who opt to ignore gross injustices that the Church in this context did not challenge in any conclusive manner. The history of the Diocese of Mashonaland from this perspective is therefore an interesting narrative. Our work that looks at the period between 1890 and 1979 leaves us with a lot of curious questions that call for further scholarly investigation within the same Mashonaland Anglican context.<br>Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology<br>D. Th. (Church History)
22
McQuaid, C. D., and P. W. Froneman. "The Southern Ocean Group at Rhodes University: seventeen years of biological oceanography in the Southern Ocean reviewed." 2004. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/112/1/sajsci_v100_n11_a15%5B1%5D.pdf.
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This paper reviews the main findings of the Southern Ocean Group at Rhodes University over the last 17 years. A primary contribution has been the development of conceptual models of the physical-biological driving mechanisms that support enormous seasonal populations of land-based top predators at the Prince Edward Islands. Collectively, these models are referred to as the life-support system of the islands. Near-shore subcomponents of the ecosystem, including inshore feeding predators, are largely supported by autochthonous primary production of kelps and localized diatom blooms. These energy sources feed indirectly into top predator populations via the benthic communities. A crucial link is formed by the bottom-dwelling shrimp, Nauticaris marionis, which feeds largely on benthic species and detritus and is eaten by a number of diving seabirds. The frontal systems that lie north and south of the islands are important feeding grounds for offshore feeding birds. A decadal-scale southward shift in the position of the Sub-antarctic Front towards the islands is reflected in increases in populations of these species.
23
McQuaid, Christopher, and Pierre William Froneman. "The Southern Ocean Group at Rhodes University: seventeen years of biological oceanography in the Southern Ocean reviewed." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010423.
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This paper reviews the main findings of the Southern Ocean Group at Rhodes University over the last 17 years. A primary contribution has been the development of conceptual models of the physical-biological driving mechanisms that support enormous seasonal populations of land-based top predators at the Prince Edward Islands. Collectively, these models are referred to as the life-support system of the islands. Near-shore subcomponents of the ecosystem, including inshore feeding predators, are largely supported by autochthonous primary production of kelps and localized diatom blooms. These energy sources feed indirectly into top predator populations via the benthic communities. A crucial link is formed by the bottom-dwelling shrimp, Nauticaris marionis, which feeds largely on benthic species and detritus and is eaten by a number of diving seabirds. The frontal systems that lie north and south of the islands are important feeding grounds for offshore feeding birds. A decadal-scale southward shift in the position of the Sub-antarctic Front towards the islands is reflected in increases in populations of these species.<br>Rhodes Centenary issue
24
Ngo, The Duc. "Biology and glyphosate resistance in Chloris truncata (windmill grass) and Chloris virgata (feathertop Rhodes grass) in southern Australia." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119095.
Full textAbstract:
Chloris truncata and C. virgata, which are major weeds in cotton and grain crops in the sub-tropical region of Australia, have recently emerged as potential weeds of the future in southern Australia. Glyphosate, an inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3- phosphate synthase (EPSPS), is the most widely used non-selective post-emergence herbicide globally. As a result of over-reliance on glyphosate combined with dominance of reduced tillage systems for weed control, glyphosate-resistant populations of C. truncata have already been reported in Australia. C. virgata is also considered hard to kill with glyphosate, but resistance has not been reported so far in the literature. Studies on growth, development and seed biology of C. truncata and C. virgata were conducted to better understand the biology of these emerging weed species. Under field conditions, C. truncata and C. virgata required 748-786 degree-days (Cd) and 1200 Cd respectively to progress from emergence to mature seed production. Freshly produced seeds of C. virgata were dormant for about 2 months, whereas 16-40% of seeds of C. truncata germinated within a week after maturation. Seed dormancy of C. virgata was released by the pre-treatment with 564 mM NaClO for 30 minutes. Exposure to light significantly increased germination of C. truncata seed from 0-2% in the dark to 77-84% in the light, and of C. virgata seed from 2-35% in the dark to 72- 85% in the light. Seeds of these two species could germinate over a wide temperature range (10-40oC), with maximum germination at 20-25oC for C. truncata and 15-25oC for C. virgata. The predicted base temperature for germination was 9.2-11.2oC for C. truncata and much lower 2.1-3.0oC for C. virgata. Seedling emergence of C. virgata (76% for seeds present on soil surface) was significantly reduced by burial at 1 (57%), 2 (49%) and 5 cm (9%), whereas seedling emergence of C. truncata was completely inhibited by burial of seed even at a shallow depth (0.5 cm). Under field conditions, both C. truncata and C. virgata seeds persisted in the soil for at least 11 months and seasons with below-average spring-summer rainfall increased seed persistence. Detailed studies were undertaken to identify glyphosate-resistant populations and to understand the mechanism of glyphosate resistance in C. truncata and C. virgata. Glyphosate resistance (GR) was confirmed in five populations of C. truncata and four populations of C. virgata. GR plants were 2.4 to 8.7-fold (C. truncata) and 2 to 9.7-fold (C. virgata) more resistant and accumulated less shikimate after glyphosate treatment than susceptible (S) plants. The differences in shikimate accumulation indicated that glyphosate did reach the target site but inhibited the EPSPS enzyme of each population differently. Glyphosate absorption and translocation did not differ between GR and S plants of either C. truncata or C. virgata. Two target-site EPSPS mutations (Pro-106-Leu and Pro-106-Ser) were likely to be the primary mechanism of glyphosate resistance in C. virgata but no previously known target-site mutations were identified in C. truncata. The C. virgata population with Pro-106-Leu substitution was 2.9 to 4.9-fold more resistant than those with Pro-106-Ser substitution. The primary mechanism of resistance to glyphosate in C. truncata was a combination of target-site EPSPS mutation (Glu-91-Ala) and amplification of the EPSPS gene. There were 16 to 48-fold more copies of the EPSPS gene in GR plants compared to S plants, with the number of EPSPS copies found to be variable both between and within populations.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, 2017