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Journal articles on the topic 'Rhodesian Police'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Gonta, Semen Nikolaevich. "Armed Forces and Police of Independent Rhodesia (1965-1979). Part 1: Police." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 1 (January 2024): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2024.1.68820.

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This research is devoted to the study of the functioning of the Rhodesian Security Forces (the general name for the police and army forces of Rhodesia) during the years of its de facto independence from 1965 to 1979. The relevance of the study is due to the absence in domestic historiography of any fundamental research that would be devoted to this issue. The subject of the study is the Rhodesian Security Forces. In this (first) part of the work are considered the activities of the Rhodesian police after its declaration of independence. The author has studied the history of the development of

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2

Gonta, Semen Nikolaevich, and Nikolai Aleksandrovich Ivanov. "The Armed Forces and Police of Independent Rhodesia (1965-1979). Part 2: The Armed Forces." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 2 (February 2024): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2024.2.69940.

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This article is devoted to the study of the functioning of the Rhodesian Security Forces (the common name of the Rhodesian Police and Army forces) during the years of its de facto independence from 1965 to 1979. The object of the study is the Rhodesian Security Forces. The subject of the study in this (second) part of the work is the activities of the armed forces of Rhodesia after its declaration of independence. The authors studied the history of the development of the armed forces of Rhodesia from the moment of its participation in World War II to the end of the war with the rebels in 1979-

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3

Carver, Richard. "Zimbabwe: Drawing a Line Through the past." Journal of African Law 37, no. 1 (1993): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185530001113x.

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“We were trying to kill each other; that's what the war was about. What I am concerned with now is that my public statements should be believed when I say that I have drawn a line through the past.” (Prime Minister Robert Mugabe, on retaining the head of Rhodesian intelligence in charge of Zimbabwe's Central Intelligence Organization).“Nothing the police are doing now is new. The police have learned all their bad habits from the Rhodesian police. The beatings, the electric shock …” (former Rhodesian police officer).

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4

Novak, Andrew. "Averting an African Boycott: British Prime Minister Edward Heath and Rhodesian Participation in the Munich Olympics." Britain and the World 6, no. 1 (2013): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2013.0076.

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In 1968, the British government of Prime Minister Harold Wilson lobbied behind the scenes for Rhodesia's exclusion from the Mexico City Olympics. Three years earlier, the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia had seceded from the British Empire under white minority rule and faced isolation from international sporting events. With the election of Conservative Prime Minister Edward Heath in 1970, British foreign policy shifted more heavily to Europe rather than the former British colonies of the Commonwealth, and Heath sought to allow Rhodesia to compete in the 1972 Munich Games lest it iso

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5

Tsigo, Evans B., and Enock Ndawana. "Unsung Heroes? The Rhodesian Defence Regiment and Counterinsurgency, 1973–80." International Journal of Military History and Historiography 39, no. 1 (2019): 88–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-03901005.

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This article examines the Rhodesian Defence Regiment’s role in the Rhodesian Security Forces’ counterinsurgency efforts against the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army and Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army guerrillas. It argues that the two guerrilla armies successfully used sabotage targeting installations of strategic and economic significance to Rhodesia. This compelled the Rhodesian regime to change its policy of restricting the conscription of Coloured and Asian minorities into the Rhodesian Security Forces to undertake combat duties beyond defensive roles. However, the Rhodesian

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6

Kunicki, Jan. "LEGACY OF THE CONFLICT BETWEEN EUROPEAN AND INDIGENOUS AFRICAN LEGAL CONSTRUCTS OF LAND TENURE IN CONTEMPORARY ZIMBABWE." Studia Iuridica, no. 96 (July 7, 2023): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2023-96.9.

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The study focuses on the undeniable significance of the European legal traditions, brought to former Southern Rhodesia/Rhodesia by European settlers, for the legal status of land tenure in the country, the legacy of which traditions still deeply impacts the situation in present-day Zimbabwe. There are two main aspects of this influence: the aftermath of imposed land division and the prevalence of Western legal traditions in contemporary law. Numerous laws enacted unilaterally by white Rhodesians, most notably the 1930 Land Apportionment Act and the 1951 Native Land Husbandry Act, impacted the

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7

Mocheregwa, Bafumiki. "The Police Mobile Unit." Journal of African Military History 3, no. 2 (2019): 93–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680966-00302001.

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Abstract This article examines the local and regional contexts surrounding the creation and evolution of the Police Mobile Unit (PMU), Bechuanaland’s (Botswana today) paramilitary unit that was created in 1963 to contain internal riots. After Botswana’s independence in 1966, the PMU acted as a quasi-military because the country had no armed force to preform those duties. This was because from the mid-1960s, Southern Africa was marred with bloodshed due to armed struggles in Rhodesia, South Africa among others. Botswana then became a safe haven for fleeing guerrillas who would enter the country

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8

Stapleton, Tim. "“A Naughty Child with a Pen”: Gahadzikwa Albert Chaza as an African Policeman and Author in Colonial Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 1936–1963." History in Africa 37 (2010): 159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0024.

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Those who have visited book stores in Zimbabwe in recent years, even the small one in Harare international airport, will have seen a thin volume authored by G.A. Chaza and entitled Bhurakuwacha: The Story of a Black Policeman in Colonial Southern Rhodesia. Bhurakuwacha is the longest and most detailed first hand account by an African member of the British South Africa Police (BSAP), Southern Rhodesia's paramilitary law enforcement organization, and as such constitutes an important source for studying the experience of black security force members in a white settler state.Chaza was typical of t

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9

Ranger, Terence. "Violence Variously Remembered: The Killing of Pieter Oberholzer in July 1964." History in Africa 24 (January 1997): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172030.

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In mid-1964 the Smith regime in Southern Rhodesia was moving towards a final ban on the African nationalist parties, ZAPU and ZANU. At the same time it was widely believed to be preparing for a Unilateral Declaration of Independence and the nationalist parties in their turn were trying to find ways to prevent this. Both chose to launch sabotage campaigns, so as to demonstrate African opposition. In late June 1964 there was a wave of sabotage in Chipinga and Melsetter in Rhodesia's eastern districts. Roadblocks were erected, the police camp was attacked, dynamite was laid at bridges. Notes were

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10

Coggins, Richard. "Wilson and Rhodesia: UDI and British Policy Towards Africa." Contemporary British History 20, no. 3 (2006): 363–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619460500407061.

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11

Jakwa, Tinashe. "Documents on Australian Foreign Policy: Australia and the Rhodesian Problem, 1961-1972." Australian Journal of Politics & History 64, no. 3 (2018): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12495.

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12

Mutwira, Roben. "Southern Rhodesian wildlife policy (1890–1953): a question of condoning game slaughter?" Journal of Southern African Studies 15, no. 2 (1989): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057078908708199.

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13

Tavuyanago, Baxter, Tasara Muguti, and James Hlongwana. "Victims of the Rhodesian Immigration Policy: Polish Refugees from the Second World War." Journal of Southern African Studies 38, no. 4 (2012): 951–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2012.739378.

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14

Phiri, Bizeck Jube. "The African Participation and Experiences in the First and Second World Wars in Northern Rhodesia: A Historical Perspective 1914–1948." Journal of Asian and African Studies 57, no. 1 (2021): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219096211054909.

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Unlike existing studies that examined each of the two World Wars and Africans separately, this study explores African participation and experiences in the First and Second World Wars in Northern Rhodesia (colonial Zambia) together during the period, 1914–1948. A lot has been written on the history of the World Wars in colonial Africa. However, there is not much literature that focuses on African participation and experiences during the two world wars. This study is focused on the core theme, that is, the role played by Africans in both World Wars. This is the main theme that informs the study.

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15

Nyambara, Pius S. "Colonial Policy and Peasant Cotton Agriculture in Southern Rhodesia, 1904-1953." International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, no. 1 (2000): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220259.

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16

Rakodi, Carole. "Colonial Urban Policy and Planning in Northern Rhodesia and its Legacy." Third World Planning Review 8, no. 3 (1986): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.8.3.6273652520833123.

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17

Sithole, Masipula. "Prospects for Change in South Africa: Lessons from Rhodesia." Issue 15 (1987): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700506003.

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Southern Africa has been in a state of crisis since the fall of the Portuguese empire in Angola and Mozambique in 1974. The MPLA and FRELIMO governments established in Angola and Mozambique, respectively, in the mid-1970’s have been under pressure from internal opposition groups that have been increasingly drawn into the armpits of South African sponsorship in its destabilization policy towards its neighbors. Zimbabwe, independent only six years ago, seems to have fallen into a similar pattern.

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18

Shutt, Allison K. "Litigating Honor, Defamation, and Shame in Southern Rhodesia." African Studies Review 61, no. 3 (2018): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2018.27.

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Abstract:This article reviews the history of defamation cases involving Africans in Southern Rhodesia. Two precedent-setting cases, one in 1938 and the other in 1946, provided a legal rationale for finding defamation that rested on the ability of litigants to prove they had been shamed. The testimony and evidence of these cases, both of which involved government employees, tracks how colonial rule was altering hierarchy and changing definitions of honor, often to the bewilderment of the litigants themselves. Importantly, both cases concluded that African employees of the state deserved special

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19

Manheim, Jarol B., and Robert B. Albritton. "Insurgent Violence Versus Image Management: The Struggle for National Images in Southern Africa." British Journal of Political Science 17, no. 2 (1987): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400004701.

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The authors examine the countervailing effects of two forces on external news coverage of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and South Africa during the 1970s. The first is purposeful government efforts at news management and information control undertaken by each of the two regimes. The second is the civil unrest which was present in the region during that period. They conclude that these effects and the policy consequences that flow from them are functions of the pre-existing image environment of each country in the foreign (US) press and of the character of its domestic unrest.

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20

Gwande, Victor M. "The Political Economy of American Businesses in British Central Africa, 1953–1963." Business History Review 97, no. 1 (2023): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680523000065.

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This article details how and why officials in the United States and the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland developed policies and initiatives to promote US capital investments. It analyzes these policies in the context of decolonization, white minority rule, and the Cold War in Africa. It further shows how US business interests, especially in the mining industry, increased their investments and influenced policy. Drawing from Zimbabwean archives, it argues that these competing priorities produced inconsistent results that tended to support US imperialism and hinder nationalist movements in B

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21

Mangunga, Felistus, and Bizeck Phiri. "The Roles and Challenges of Policewomen in the Zambia Police 1966–1995." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 5, no. 3 (2023): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.5.3.1125.

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This study examines the roles and challenges of women in male dominated institutions focusing on the case of Zambia Police from 1966 to 1995. Primary and secondary sources were consulted. Primary sources used included oral interviews, consulting colonial and post-colonial government reports and conference papers. The secondary sources include books, dissertations and journals. The study argues that Zambia Police Service formerly known as Northern Rhodesia Police was formed in 1932 and at inception it only comprised men with no intentions of considering the inclusion of female Police officers.

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22

Kwashirai, Vimbai, Wesley Mwatwara, and Godfrey Hove. "Gathering Farmer-Pastoralist Livelihoods in Rhodesia: 1965–1980." Global Environment 12, no. 2 (2019): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2019.120202.

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23

Lunn, Jon. "The Political Economy of Primary Railway Construction in the Rhodesias, 1890–1911." Journal of African History 33, no. 2 (1992): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700032229.

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The main trunk lines of the Rhodesian railway system were built under the aegis of Cecil Rhodes' British South Africa Company (BSA Co.) between 1890 and 1911. This article begins with an analysis of the motivations behind railway construction during this period. It argues that interpretations which set up a dichotomy between ‘Rhodes-as-imperialist’ and ‘Rhodes-as-capitalist’ are misconceived. Nevertheless, it shows how the motivations behind railway development took on a more narrowly economic and financial character after the fiasco of the Jameson Raid in 1896 put paid to Rhodes' sub-imperial

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24

Kerr, David. "The Best of Both Worlds? Colonial Film Policy and Practice in Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland." Critical Arts 7, no. 1-2 (1993): 11–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560049385310031.

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25

Kynoch, Gary. "The ‘Transformation’ of the South African Military." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 3 (1996): 441–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055543.

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SouthernAfrica has been at war since the 1960s. Following the capitulation of Ian Smith's Rhodesian Front and the acceptance of majority rule in Zimbabwe in 1980, the widely acknowledged root of most of the regional conflict has been South Africa. In defendingapartheid, the régime in Pretoria engaged in a systematic campaign of destabilisation designed to bring its neighbours to heel. Military invasions, raids, sabotage, support of dissident groups, and assassinations were all part of the National Party (NP) Government's ‘total strategy’ that employed violence as a key element in its regional

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26

Bhola, H. S., and Dickson A. Mungazi. "The Fall of the Mantle: The Educational Policy of the Rhodesia Front Government and Conflict in Zimbabwe." History of Education Quarterly 34, no. 4 (1994): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369272.

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27

Doro, Elijah, and Sandra Swart. "Beyond Agency: The African Peasantry, the State, and Tobacco in Southern Rhodesia (Colonial Zimbabwe), 1900–80." Journal of African History 63, no. 1 (2022): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000226.

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AbstractThis paper examines African peasant tobacco production in Southern Rhodesia from 1900 to 1980, from the cusp of colonialism to its end. It analyses shifting state policy towards African tobacco producers, the concomitant impact on peasant economies, accumulation patterns and the rural physical landscape and peasant responses. It focuses on the changing agricultural commodity value chains, cash crop asymmetries, and global market forces to explain colonial responses to peasant production and peasant agency. We argue that the symbolic value of each agricultural commodity, in entrenching

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28

Doro, Elijah, and Sandra Swart. "Beyond Agency: The African Peasantry, the State, and Tobacco in Southern Rhodesia (Colonial Zimbabwe), 1900–80." Journal of African History 63, no. 1 (2022): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853722000226.

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AbstractThis paper examines African peasant tobacco production in Southern Rhodesia from 1900 to 1980, from the cusp of colonialism to its end. It analyses shifting state policy towards African tobacco producers, the concomitant impact on peasant economies, accumulation patterns and the rural physical landscape and peasant responses. It focuses on the changing agricultural commodity value chains, cash crop asymmetries, and global market forces to explain colonial responses to peasant production and peasant agency. We argue that the symbolic value of each agricultural commodity, in entrenching

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29

Schmidt, Waldemar. "THE RESETTLEMENT POLICY OF GERMANY IN THE COLONIES. THE RESETTLEMENT OF THE BOERS TO EAST AFRICA." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations 4, no. 2 (2023): 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2023-4-182-197.

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The proposed article on the history of the Boer resettlement movement to the colonial possessions of Kaiser Germany in East Africa is of undoubted interest, first of all in terms of exposing completely previously unknown archival materials of the Federal Archive of Germany, as well as periodical press materials addressing the issue. The emergence of Boer migration was caused by their defeat in the Anglo–Boer War, which the colonial circles of Germany took advantage of. In addition, the author of the article tried to analyze historical events, as well as the activities of the colonial office of

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30

Masakure, Clement, and Noel Ndumeya. "'The trees do not belong to Chief Maranke but to the Native Reserves Trust': The politics of timber resource exploitation in African reserves, colonial Zimbabwe, 1924-1948." Historia 63, no. 1 (2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8392/2021/v66n1a3.

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Contextualised within a settler state characterised by racial discrimination and unequal access to natural resources, this article examines the ideological, environmental and economic considerations surrounding the formation of the Native Reserves Trust (NRT) and the role it played in the exploitation of timber resources in the African reserves of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Cognisant of the fact that the colonial state set aside marginal and less productive reserves for the Africans, the paper uses the NRT as a lens to view the process by which the settler society penetrated African res

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31

Dodge, Toby. "The failure of sanctions and the evolution of international policy towards Iraq, 1990–2003*." Contemporary Arab Affairs 3, no. 1 (2010): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910903525952.

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The day after Iraq’s August 1990 invasion of Kuwait, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 660 condemning Iraq’s aggression and demanding that it withdraw. A week later it passed Resolution 661 demanding that UN Member States prevent all trade and financial transactions with Iraq. In all of its previous history, the Security Council had only imposed sanctions to discipline errant states twice before. The precedent used for the drafting of Resolution 661 was the sanctions imposed on Rhodesia in December 1966 after it had declared independence from Britain. This signified somethi

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32

Kwashirai, Vimbai. "Maize is Life! Maize Production and Environmental Transformation in Wartime Rhodesia: 1965-1979." Global Environment 15, no. 3 (2022): 520–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150304.

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This research examines linkages in maize production, the liberation struggle and environmental transformation in Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, 1965-1979. The paper is about discourses on rural livelihoods and ecological transformation in times of crises. It uses the case study research strategy to examine wartime production of the staple maize in ten communal areas of Mount Darwin District by the Korekore people, part of the Shona ethnic group, the largest in Zimbabwe. To a large extent, the Korekore depended on maize-dominated diets and incomes. Their maize economy had far-reaching environmental ra

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33

Búr, Gábor. "Nagy-Britannia és Afrika." Ismeretlen kolonializmus 38, no. 1 (2023): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/aetas.2023.1.89-100.

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On February 3rd 1960 British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan gave a landmark speech in the South African Parliament. He stated that no one can resist the “wind of change”, the process of decolonisation. This represented a turn in British politics, that for more than a decade after India becoming independent was still trying to preserve as much as possible of its colonial empire, that was not that long ago the biggest empire in history. Letting go of the West African colonies was relatively easy, as the climate and the high population density made the region unfavorable for European settlement.

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34

Musoni, Francis. "The Ban on “Tropical Natives” and the Promotion of Illegal Migration in Pre-Apartheid South Africa." African Studies Review 61, no. 3 (2018): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2018.73.

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Abstract:This article examines the historical as well as contemporary significance of South Africa’s 1913 ban on the recruitment of migrant workers from areas north of latitude 22 degrees south. This ill-conceived policy not only criminalized the employment of so-called “tropical natives” in South Africa but also triggered contestations, fueling illegal migration from the restricted areas. By 1933, when the ban was lifted, illegal migration from Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) had become a major site of contestations among policymakers, labor agents, business owners, and migrant workers in S

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35

Coldham, Simon. "Customary Marriage and The Urban Local Courts in Zambia." Journal of African Law 34, no. 1 (1990): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008202.

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The local courts of Zambia are the successors to the native courts which the British set up in Northern Rhodesia, as elsewhere in colonial Africa, to administer justice to Africans. However, while the system of native courts originally existed in parallel with the system of English-style magistrates' courts, after independence the native courts (re-named local courts) were integrated into the judicial system, with appeals lying to subordinate courts (i.e. magistrates' courts) of the first or second class. Although it was the ultimate goal of the government to have a fully professionalised judi

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36

Michel, Eddie. "‘This outcome gives me no pleasure. It is extremely painful for me to be the instrument of their fate’: White House Policy on Rhodesia during the UDI Era (1965–1979)." South African Historical Journal 71, no. 3 (2018): 442–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582473.2018.1553998.

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37

Nyazema, Norman Z. "The Zimbabwe Crisis and the Provision of Social Services." Journal of Developing Societies 26, no. 2 (2010): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x1002600204.

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Historically, health care in Zimbabwe was provided primarily to cater to colonial administrators and the expatriate, with separate care or second-provision made for Africans. There was no need for legislation to guarantee its provision to the settler community. To address the inequities in health that had existed prior to 1980, at independence, Zimbabwe adopted the concept of Equity in Health and Primary Health Care. Initially, this resulted in the narrowing of the gap between health provision in rural areas and urban areas. Over the years, however, there have been clear indications of growing

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38

McCracken, John. "Fishing and the Colonial Economy: the Case of Malawi." Journal of African History 28, no. 3 (1987): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700030115.

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Despite the evident importance of fishing in Malawi, its role in the territorial colonial economy has been largely ignored. This paper focuses on the evolution of fishing and fish-trading at the south end of Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi), emphasising the interaction between ecological change and changes in market opportunity. During the late nineteenth century, fishing played an important role in the economy of the Mang'anja people alongside agricultural production. Communual tasks such as the setting of nets or building of canoes were conducted by male members of an mbumba or matrilineage group wh

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39

Hoskins, Linus A. "Book Review: Review Article: Independence, Political Economy and U.S. Policy in Africa: The Last Colony in Africa: Diplomacy and the Independence of Rhodesia, Zimbabwe: The Terrain of Contradictory Development, the Political Economy of Senegal under Structural Adjustment, Nigeria, Africa and the United States: From Kennedy to Reagan." A Current Bibliography on African Affairs 23, no. 3 (1991): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001132559202300302.

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40

Chongo, Clarence. "A hostage economy: The impact of Rhodesia's unilateral declaration of independence on Zambia, 1965-79." Journal for Contemporary History, 2022, 4–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.38140/sjch.v47i2.6556.

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In November 1965, Rhodesia’s Prime Minister Ian Smith announced a Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI), prompting the United Nations and the British government to impose economic and financial sanctions on his government. In the context of regional politics of decolonisation, the Zambian government interpreted UDI as a moral affront to African freedom, independence, dignity as well as posing a grave danger to the country’s national security. They responded to the crisis by supporting international sanctions on Rhodesia and embarked on an exercise to extricate the economy from dependenc

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41

Chimbi, Godsend T., and Loyiso C. Jita. "Policy Reform in a Colonial Setting: A Historical Discourse Analysis of George Stark’s Advocacy for Technical-Vocational Education." E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, June 9, 2023, 714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38159/ehass.2023462.

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Colonial education is often criticized for being conservative, static, oppressive, and irrelevant to the needs and interests of the colonized people. This theoretical paper, however, disrupts the established narrative of condemnation by challenging scholars of curriculum reform to take a fresh look at colonial education policy. This study teases George Stark’s policy of technical-vocational education for Africans by employing critical policy historiography as the theoretical framework and historical discourse analysis as its methodology. Two questions drive this theoretical paper: What were th

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42

Stapleton, Tim. "EXTRA-TERRITORIAL AFRICAN POLICE AND SOLDIERS IN SOUTHERN RHODESIA (ZIMBABWE) 1897–1965." Scientia Militaria - South African Journal of Military Studies 38, no. 1 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5787/38-1-81.

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43

Mlambo, A. S. ""Some are more white than others": Racial chauvinism as a factor in Rhodesian immigration policy 1890-1963." Zambezia: The Journal of Humanities of the University of Zimbabwe. 27, no. 2 (2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/zjh.v27i2.6748.

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44

Makombe, Eric K., and Clement Masakure. "The colonial state, land-use policy and local responses in Seke Reserve, Rhodesia: 1935 to 1958." New Contree 91 (April 18, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v91.249.

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45

Makombe, Eric K., and Clement Masakure. "The colonial state, land-use policy and local responses in Seke Reserve, Rhodesia: 1935 to 1958." New Contree 91 (April 18, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v91i0.249.

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From the late 1920s onwards, the state in colonial Zimbabwe began reordering African areas to arrest an impending ecological disaster while increasing their carrying capacity. The state introduced far-reaching land-use measures anchored on several immutable tenets, such as that African reserves had to finance their own progress and sustain themselves within the demarcated boundaries. The reordering within Seke Reserve began with centralisation in 1935 and was reinforced following the passage of the Natural Resources Act of 1941 and the Native Land Husbandry Act (NLHA) of 1951. This article is

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O'Neill, Alexander. "“This is Not A Song, It’s An Outburst”." Flux: International Relations Review 14, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/firr.v14i1.148.

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Challenging traditionally-conceived narratives surrounding the dialectic of Apartheid, many Afrikaners became facilitators of in-state resistance alongside their black peers after becoming disillusioned with the South African regime’s foreign policy initiatives during the 1970s and 1980s. Afrikaner men were conscripted to fight in their country’s dirty wars in Rhodesia and Angola, which destabilized the regime’s legally-enshrined white privilege and fueled resistance expressed through musical movement. This idea connects to tactics used by the American government to assert racialist sovereignt

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Parpart, June L. "Dickson Mungazi. The Fall of the Mantle: The Educational Policy of the Rhodesian Front Government and Conflict in Zimbabwe. New York: Peter Lang, 1993. Pp.i-xxii,259." Historical Studies in Education / Revue d'histoire de l'éducation, October 1, 1995, 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32316/hse/rhe.v7i2.1407.

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Hata, Ryan, Alexander Hart, Attila Hertelendy, et al. "Terrorist Attacks in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1970 through 2020: Analysis and Impact from a Counter-Terrorism Medicine Perspective." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, January 30, 2023, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x23000080.

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Abstract Background: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has become a hotspot for global terrorism, with nearly 50% of global terror-related deaths occurring in SSA in 2021. With a large population and complex geopolitical and social climate, terrorist activity further burdens an already strained medical system. This study provides a retrospective descriptive analysis of terrorist-related activity in SSA from 1970-2020. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) was performed for the region of SSA from 1970-2020. Data were filtered using the internal database search function

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Grigoryan, Gevorg. "The Effectiveness of Economic Sanctions Implementation Against the Apartheid Regime in South Africa." Journal of the Institute for African Studies, March 10, 2020, 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2020-50-1-48-58.

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The article covers history and practice of the development of economic sanctions as a mechanism of influence on countries that do not comply with the norms of international law. The objectives of the sanctions may include preventing wars, promoting freedom and democracy, combating environmental pollution, protecting human and labor rights, ensuring non-proliferation of weapons, releasing captured citizens, and countering land grab. Everything connected with sanctions (e.g. size, form, etc.) is determined by their acceptability by the community, and they are influenced by technology and the exi

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