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Journal articles on the topic 'Rib area'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Taslim, M. E., and V. Nezym. "A New Statistical-Based Correlation for the Rib Fin Effects on the Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Rib-Roughened Cooling Channel." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2007 (2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/68684.

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Heat transfer coefficients in the cooling cavities of turbine airfoils are greatly enhanced by the presence of discrete ribs on the cavity walls. These ribs introduce two heat transfer enhancing features: a significant increase in heat transfer coefficient by promoting turbulence and mixing, and an increase in heat transfer area. Considerable amount of data are reported in open literature for the heat transfer coefficients both on the rib surface and on the floor area between the ribs. Many airfoil cooling design software tools, however, require an overall average heat transfer coefficient on

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2

Ahn, Seung-Yong, and Kwang-Yong Kim. "Thermal Performance of T-shaped Obstacles in a Solar Air Heater." Processes 8, no. 10 (2020): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101305.

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This paper proposes T-shaped ribs as obstacles attached to the heat absorber plate in a rectangular solar air heater to promote heat transfer. The thermal and aerodynamic performance of the solar heater was numerically evaluated using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the shear stress transport turbulence model. A parameter study was performed using the ratios of rib height to channel height, rib width to channel width, and rib width to rib height. The area-averaged Nusselt number and friction factor were selected as the performance parameters of the solar air he

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3

Hwang, Jenn-Jiang, and Tong-Miin Liou. "Augmented Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel With Permeable Ribs Mounted on the Wall." Journal of Heat Transfer 116, no. 4 (1994): 912–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911466.

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Turbulent heat transfer and friction in a rectangular channel with perforated ribs arranged on one of the principal walls are investigated experimentally. The effects of rib open-area ratio, rib pitch-to-height ratio, rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio, and flow Reynolds number are examined. To facilitate comparison, measurements for conventional solid-type ribs are also conducted. Laser holographic interferometry is employed to determine the rib permeability and measure the heat transfer coefficients of the ribbed wall. Results show that ribs with appropriately high open-area rati

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4

Boynton, B. R., G. M. Barnas, J. T. Dadmun, and J. J. Fredberg. "Mechanical coupling of the rib cage, abdomen, and diaphragm through their area of apposition." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 3 (1991): 1235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.3.1235.

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Although volumetric displacements of the chest wall are often analyzed in terms of two independent parallel pathways (rib cage and abdomen), Loring and Mead have argued that these pathways are not mechanically independent (J. Appl. Physiol. 53: 756-760, 1982). Because of its apposition with the diaphragm, the rib cage is exposed to two distinct pressure differences, one of which depends on abdominal pressure. Using the analysis of Loring and Mead as a point of departure, we developed a complementary analysis in which mechanical coupling of the rib cage, abdomen, and diaphragm is modeled by a l

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5

Agostoni, E., L. Zocchi, and P. T. Macklem. "Transdiaphragmatic pressure and rib motion in area of apposition during paralysis." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 3 (1988): 1296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.3.1296.

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Changes in pleural surface pressure in area of apposition of diaphragm to rib cage (delta Ppl,ap), changes in abdominal pressure (delta Pab), and redial displacement of the 11th rib have been recorded in anesthetized, paralyzed dogs during lung inflation or deflation. Above functional residual capacity (FRC) changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure in area of apposition (delta Pdi,ap) were essentially nil in intact (INT) dogs either in lateral or supine posture, and in partially eviscerated (EVS) dogs in lateral posture, either in the 10th or 11th intercostal space. Below FRC delta Pdi,ap could

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6

Chaudhary, Zakir Ilahi, Ambareen Khan, Sher Afghan Khan, Mohammad Nishat Akhtar, and Khizar Ahmed Pathan. "Control of Suddenly Expanded Flow Using Quarter Rib for Area Ratio 4.84 at Mach 2." Journal of Advanced Research in Experimental Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer 19, no. 1 (2025): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.19.1.129.

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Occurrence of sudden expansion is widespread in the defense and automobile industry. At the blunt base of the fuselage, missiles, projectiles, and aircraft bombs, the flow gets separated at the base and forms low-pressure recirculation, leading to a significant increase in the base drag. This paper addresses how this low base pressure at the base can be controlled. A detailed numerical study was conducted to assess the impact of the quarter circle as a passive control mechanism in a suddenly expanded flow for an area ratio of 4.84 at Mach M = 2.0 for various rib radii ranging from 1 mm to 4 mm

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7

Liou, Tong-Miin, Chih-Wen Kao, and Shih-Hui Chen. "Flowfield Investigation of the Effect of Rib Open Area Ratio in a Rectangular Duct." Journal of Fluids Engineering 120, no. 3 (1998): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2820691.

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The spatially periodic turbulent fluid flows and friction in a rectangular passage of width-to-height ratio of 4:1 with perforated rectangular ribs mounted on one wall have been studied using laser Doppler velocimetry and pressure probing. The parameters fixed were rib height to duct hydraulic diameter ratio of 0.106, rib width-to-height ratio of 0.76, rib pitch-to-height ratio of 10, and Reynolds number of 2 × 104, while the main parameter investigated was the rib open-area ratio (β) with values of 0%, 10%, 22%, 38%, and 44%. Two critical ranges of β and three characteristic flow regimes were

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8

Dockstader, D. R. "Joints in the Rib Mountain Area, Wausau, Wisconsin." Geoscience Wisconsin 10 (1986): 78–84. https://doi.org/10.54915/ewvq6402.

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9

Hsieh, Shou-Shing, and Mao-Yu Wen. "An Experimental Study of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Rib-Roughened Tube Annuli." Journal of Heat Transfer 117, no. 1 (1995): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822302.

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Heat transfer measurements were performed on six rib-type roughened tube annuli (4.67–9.01 mm Dh, 6–16 ribs, rib pitch 19.7–63.0 mm, rib height 4 ram, rib width 15 mm, rib angle 20–60 deg) with two phases of refrigerant R-114 under evaporating conditions. Based on the same heat transfer area of the test section, the effects of heat flux, quality, and rib spacing on flow boiling heat transfer coefficient were presented and discussed. Correlations of two-phase enhancement factor F and suppression factor S were developed by modifications and extensions of Chen’s model for the present geometric co

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10

Hwang, Jenn-Jiang, and Tong-Miin Liou. "Effect of Permeable Ribs on Heat Transfer and Friction in a Rectangular Channel." Journal of Turbomachinery 117, no. 2 (1995): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835655.

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Heat transfer and friction characteristics in a rectangular channel with perforated ribs arranged in-line on two opposite walls are investigated experimentally. Five perforated rib open-area ratios (0, 10, 22, 38, and 44 percent) and three rib pitch-to-height ratios (10, 15, and 20) are examined. The Reynolds number ranges from 5000 to 50,000. The rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio and the channel aspect ratio are 0.081 and 4, respectively. Laser holographic interferometry is employed not only to measure the heat transfer coefficients of the ribbed wall but also to determine the ri

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11

Hwang, Jenn-Jiang, and Tong-Miin Liou. "Heat Transfer and Friction in a Low-Aspect-Ratio Rectangular Channel with Staggered Slit-Ribbed Walls." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 4, no. 4 (1998): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x98000244.

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Fully developed heat transfer and friction in a rectangular channel with slit-ribbed walls are examined experimentally. The slit ribs are transversely arranged on the bottom and top channel walls in a staggered manner. Effects of rib open-area ratio (β= 24%, 37%, and 46%), rib pitch-to-height ratio(Pi/H=10,15and20), and Reynolds number(10,000≤Re≤50,000)are examined. The rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio is fixed atH/De=0.081. It is disclosed that the heat transfer coefficient for the slit-ribbed channel is higher than that for the solid-ribbed channel, and increases with rib open-

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12

Jiang, T. X., M. Demedts, and M. Decramer. "Mechanical coupling of upper and lower canine rib cages and its functional significance." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 2 (1988): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.2.620.

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We studied rib cage distortability and reexamined the mechanical action of the diaphragm and the rib cage muscles in six supine anesthetized dogs by measuring changes in upper rib cage cross-sectional area (Aurc) and changes in lower rib cage cross-sectional area (Alrc) and the respective pressures acting on them. During quiet breathing in the intact animal the rib cage behaved as a unit (Aurc: 14.6 +/- 7.9 vs. Alrc: 15.1 +/- 9.6%), whereas considerable distortions of the rib cage occurred during breathing after bilateral phrenicotomy (Aurc: 21.0 +/- 5.1 vs. Alrc: 7.0 +/- 4.8%). These distorti

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13

Hopkins, DL, and AHK Roberts. "Australian grass-fed beef for Japan. 1. Carcass quality characteristics, saleable meat yield, and the value of various carcass measurements for predicting yield." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 6 (1993): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930685.

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Fifty-six carcasses from grass-fed steers of 4 breed types, purchased for the Japanese market, were evaluated for quality and yield characteristics. The mean (� s.d.) carcass weight was 324 � 28.3 kg, and P8 fat depth 16.5 � 5.27 mm. Based on the Japanese grading system. 52 of the carcasses were considered acceptable for marbling, 54 for fat colour, and all carcasses for meat colour. The mean marbling, fat colour, and meat colour scores were 3.3, 3.3, and 3.5 respectively. The rank correlation between P8 fat depth and marbling score was 0.09, and a similar level of association was found betwee

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14

Bellary, Sayed Ahmed Imran, Ambareen Khan, Mohammad Nishat Akhtar, Dabir Shahab, Sher Afghan Khan, and Khizar Ahmed Pathan. "Numerical Simulations of Base Pressure and Its Control in a Suddenly Expanded Duct at Mach 1.6 using Quarter Circular Ribs." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 127, no. 2 (2025): 203–33. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.127.2.203233.

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The turbulent flow in a separated region is still a fundamental area of research due to the advent of space shuttles and high-performance military aircraft, and turbulent flow in transonic and supersonic flow is a thrust area for researchers. Whenever the flow experiences an abrupt increase in the area of the enlarged duct, the flow gets significant relief to separate and expand. When the shear layer comes out, it gets divided into two regions: main flow and separated flow. The divided stream line gets reattached with the duct and forms a recirculation zone where the pressure is lower than amb

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15

Sartene, R., P. Martinot-Lagarde, M. Mathieu, A. Vincent, M. Goldman, and G. Durand. "Respiratory cross-sectional area-flux measurements of the human chest wall." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 4 (1990): 1605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.4.1605.

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A new device that utilizes the voltages induced in separate coils encircling the rib cage and abdomen by a magnetic field is described for measurement of cross-sectional areas of the human chest wall (rib cage and abdomen) and their variation during breathing. A uniform magnetic field (1.4 X 10(-7) Tesla at 100 kHz) is produced by generating an alternating current at 100 kHz in two square coils, 1.98 m on each side, parallel to the planes of the areas to be measured and placed symmetrically cephalad and caudad to these planes at a mean distance of 0.53 m. We demonstrated that the accuracy of t

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16

Ahtash, Abdelkareem E., Abdulla S. Biala, Aiad F. Magid, and Hamed M. Marhoun. "Carcass Characteristics of the Libyan Purebred Mahali Goat and their Crosses with Damascus and Morcia Granada Goats." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 15 (January 1, 2010): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol15iss0pp21-27.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the carcass characteristics of Mahali (M), Damascus (D) and Morcia Granada (G) goats and their crosses. Live weight, carcass weight, dressing-out %, rib eye muscle area, non-carcass components and kidney fat were measured. The results showed significant superiority of Damascus goats in live weight (65.8 kg), carcass weight (34.3 kg), dressing-out %( 52.1%), rib eye muscle areas (22.7 cm²) over the Mahali and Morcia Granada goats. The crossbred group (1/2 M ҳ 1/2 D) was superior in live weight (50 kg), carcass weight (24.2kg), dressing-out %( 48.4%), and rib

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17

Cho, Jeong-Rae, Sung Yong Park, Keunhee Cho, Sung Tae Kim, and Byung-Suk Kim. "Pull-out test and discrete spring model of fibre-reinforced polymer perfobond rib shear connector." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 12 (2012): 1311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2011-0573.

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In this study, a series of pull-out tests on fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) perfobond rib shear connectors were conducted to investigate their shear behavior. The test specimens were designed to examine only the effects of the resistance by rib holes. The test variables were the size and number of rib holes. In the tests, the resistance by concrete dowel action was practically linearly proportional to the area of the rib hole. However, the resistance appeared to be nonlinearly proportional to the number of rib holes with a slight loss for a larger number of the rib holes, due to the sequential

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18

Dyachenco, Aleksey, Gleb Kulpanovich, and Yaroslav Smulsky. "Flow in a channel with obstacles of different scales: A detached rib and a forward-facing step." E3S Web of Conferences 578 (2024): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202457801010.

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A numerical study of the flow in a channel with a forward- facing step was carried out. A single disconnected rib 3 mm high served as a passive control element in the range of Reynolds numbers from 2700 to 16400. The rib was installed at a distance to the ledge from 1.6 to 0.8 calibers at a height of 0.2 to 1 caliber. The introduction of an edge transforms the flow in front of the step. A tear-off area is created behind the rib. In cases of a high-lying rib, the separation area behind the shoulder becomes larger than the unregulated case, which leads to a loss of total pressure and an increase

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19

Metelli, Giovanni, and Giovanni A. Plizzari. "Influence of the relative rib area on bond behaviour." Magazine of Concrete Research 66, no. 6 (2014): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.13.00198.

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20

Hwang, Jenn-Jiang, and Tong-Miin Liou. "Heat Transfer Augmentation in a Rectangular Channel With Slit Rib-Turbulators on Two Opposite Walls." Journal of Turbomachinery 119, no. 3 (1997): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841167.

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The effect of slit ribs on heat transfer and friction in a rectangular channel is investigated experimentally. The slit ribs are arranged in-line on two opposite walls of the channel. Three rib open-area ratios (β = 24, 37, and 46 percent), three rib pitch-to-height ratios (Pi/H = 10, 20, and 30), and two rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratios (H/De = 0.081, and 0.162) are examined. The Reynolds number ranges from 10,000 to 50,000. Laser holographic interferometry is employed to measure the local heat transfer coefficients of the ribbed wall quantitatively, and observe the flow over t

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21

Walker, Alfredo, Charis Kepron, and Christopher M. Milroy. "Are There Hallmarks of Child Abuse? I. Osseous Injuries." Academic Forensic Pathology 6, no. 4 (2016): 568–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23907/2016.056.

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Fractures are commonly found in cases regarded as child abuse. The most commonly encountered fractures are to the ribs and the metaphyses. This paper examines the specificity of the classical metaphyseal lesion (CML) and rib fractures as hallmarks of child abuse. Recently, vitamin D deficiency (rickets) has been proposed as an alternative cause for the appearances typically described in CML. The literature in this area is examined. Rib fractures have also been highly associated with child abuse, particularly posterior rib fractures. As well as metabolic bone disease, resuscitation has been exa

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22

Ma, Shoulong, Yueping Wang, Haibo Wang, and Linsheng Gao. "Stability mechanism and control technology of large inclined working face roof in large-scale caving area." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 20, no. 1 (2023): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxac098.

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Abstract Based on the compound roof in the 211 112 working face of mine no. 2 in the Xinji area and various newly emerging geological conditions such as crack development in coal seams and major slopes, the roof of the severely sloped working face was studied focusing on the stress, strain and fracture features, along with the mechanism of rib spalling in the coal wall and the grouting strengthening technology. According to the analysis, the pre-loaded pressure on the working face tended to be redistributed with the development of the coal roof caving zone, which resulted in new stress concent

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23

Schram, R. A., B. L. Allen, and R. L. Ferguson. "RIB REGENERATION AREA AS AN INDICATOR OF FUSION AREA IN ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 8, no. 1 (1988): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-198801000-00051.

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24

SCHRAM, R. A., B. L. ALLEN, and R. L. FERGUSON. "Rib Regeneration Area as an Indicator of Fusion Area in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis." Spine 12, no. 4 (1987): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198705000-00007.

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25

Liu, Yaoqiong, Tao Zhang, Hai Gong, and Yunxin Wu. "Effect of Cold Pressing and Aging on Reduction and Evolution of Quenched Residual Stress for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu T-Type Rib." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125439.

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The preparation of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu T-type rib consisted of forging, quenching, cold pressing, aging and the final machining processes, and the evolution of residual stress played a significant role in its properties and accuracy. Numerical models were established to investigate the evolution and distribution of residual stress for the T-type rib during the quenching and cold pressing processes. The results showed that the distribution of residual stress at the stiffened area is asymmetrical, which is different from the symmetrical distribution at the smooth area. The cold pressing is beneficia

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26

Takeno, Shinsuke, Fumiaki Kawano, Kousei Tashiro, et al. "PS01.228: THORAX AFFECTS OPERATION TIME IN VATS ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL CANCER." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (2018): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.228.

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Abstract Background Thoracoscopic esophagectomy (TE) was reported that increased morbidity in the National Clinical Data analysis in Japan and technical proficiency is required as the esophageal surgery team. The aim of this study is to assess the degree of surgical difficulty from operation time and to applicate for esophageal surgery team-building and the education of next-generation. Methods Consecutive initial 33 cases by the same operator was statistically examined concerning the correlation between chest operation time and the empirical effect of the time shortening, BMI, obstructive pul

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27

Wulkan, Marcelo, Alvaro Julio de Andrade Sá, and Nivaldo Alonso. "Modified technique to increase nostril cross-sectional area after using rib and septal cartilage graft over alar nasal cartilages." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 27, no. 10 (2012): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502012001000008.

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PURPOSE: Describe a modified technique to increase nostril cross-sectional area using rib and septal cartilage graft over alar nasal cartilages. METHODS: A modified surgical technique was used to obtain, carve and insert cartilage grafts over alar nasal cartilages. This study used standardized pictures and measured 90 cadaveric nostril cross-sectional area using Autocad®; 30 were taken before any procedure and 60 were taken after grafts over lateral crura (30 using costal cartilage and 30 using septal cartilage). Statistical analysis were assessed using a model for repeated measures and ANOVA

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28

Baud, S., C. M. Wade, and M. E. Goddard. "Relationships among carcass quality characteristics between and within carcass quartering sites." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 2 (1998): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96148.

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Carcass quality characteristics were measured on 511 steers of 4 breeds that were destined for the Japanese market. All steers had carcass measurements taken at the 10th/11th rib interface, while 103 steers had additional measurements made on the same characteristics at the 5th/6th rib interface. Australian marbling score, longissimus muscle area, intramuscular fat percentage, intramuscular water content, Japanese intermuscular fat thickness, Japanese subcutaneous fat thickness, Japanese rib thickness, and meat pH were measured in the study. These measurements allowed the phenotypic relationsh

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29

Bajpe, Roshni, and Ashwini N.S. "Cervical Rib-A Radiological Study In Indian Population." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 9, no. 2 (2019): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v09i2.6.

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Background: Cervical rib is an extra rib present in neck in 1-2% of population. It is usually unilateral and in some cases bi-lateral .To determine if a cervical rib is present requires an X-ray Knowledge of clinical appearance & radiographic character-istics of cervical rib would enable differential diagnosis in and around this area with aim of easier orientation and faster arri-val at final diagnosis. In this study the focus is on different types of cervical rib radiographs which has been collected from department of radiology. Material and Methods: 100 Chest x-rays with apical lordotic

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30

Taslim, M. E., and C. M. Wadsworth. "An Experimental Investigation of the Rib Surface-Averaged Heat Transfer Coefficient in a Rib-Roughened Square Passage." Journal of Turbomachinery 119, no. 2 (1997): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841122.

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Turbine blade cooling, a common practice in modern aircraft engines, is accomplished, among other methods, by passing the cooling air through an often serpentine passage in the core of the blade. Furthermore, to enhance the heat transfer coefficient, these passages are roughened with rib-shaped turbulence promoters (turbulators). Considerable data are available on the heat transfer coefficient on the passage surface between the ribs. However, the heat transfer coefficients on the surface of the ribs themselves have not been investigated to the same extent. In small aircraft engines with small

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31

V., Lokanayak. "Bicipital Ribs- A Report of Four Cases." PJSR 6, no. 2 (2013): 51–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262418.

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The Thoracic outlet is bounded by the first thoracic vertebra posteriorly superior border of manubrium sternum anteriorly, and the first rib and costal cartilage laterally. Thoracic outlet syndrome is a common term for a number of disorders producing neurovascular compression over this area. In the collection of bones in the Institute of Anatomy, Madras Medical College. Bicipital ribs i.e., fused first and second ribs were found which is one of the important bony factor leading to thoracic outlet syndrome. The present report will be useful to clinicians while dealing with thoracic outlet syndr

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32

Sala, Florin, Alin Dobrei, and Mihai Valentin Herbei. "Leaf Area Calculation Models for Vines Based on Foliar Descriptors." Plants 10, no. 11 (2021): 2453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112453.

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In the case of foliar area studies on vines, with a large number of determinations, a simple, fast, sufficiently accurate and low-cost method is very useful. The typology of leaves on the vine is complex, characterized by several descriptive parameters: median rib; secondary venations of the first and second order; angles between the median rib and the secondary venations; sinuses; length and width of the leaf. The present study aimed to evaluate models for calculating the leaf area based on descriptive parameters and KA (KA as the surface constant used to calculate the leaf area) for six vine

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33

Jiang, Shijie, Zhigang Li, Jun Li, and Liming Song. "Effects of the novel rib layouts on the tip leakage flow pattern and heat transfer performance of turbine blade." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, no. 8 (2020): 1446–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410020910883.

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The steady simulation with flow field and heat transfer performance for different rib layouts is investigated. By referring the GE-E3 turbine blade tip (Case 1) profile as a prototype model, four kinds of rib layouts of full rib structure (Case 2), half rib structure connected with suction side (Case 3), half rib structure connected with pressure side (Case 4), and half rib structure in the rear squealer cavity (Case 5) was designed. The availability of k-ω turbulence model was validated through comparison of heat transfer coefficient distribution with the experimental data. The area-averaged

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34

Hwang, Jenn-Jiang, and Tong-Miin Liou. "Heat Transfer and Friction in a Low-Aspect-Ratio Rectangular Channel With Staggered Perforated Ribs on Two Opposite Walls." Journal of Heat Transfer 117, no. 4 (1995): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836300.

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Experiments are conducted to study the turbulent heat transfer and friction in a low-aspect-ratio rectangular channel in which two opposite walls are roughened by perforated ribs. The perforated ribs are arranged in a staggered manner. Effects of perforated rib open-area ratio (β = 10, 22, 38, 44, and 50 percent), rib pitch-to-height ratio (PR = 5, 10, 15, and 20), rib height-to-channel hydraulic diameter ratio (H/De = 0.063 and 0.081), rib alignment (staggered and symmetric), and Reynolds number (10,000 ≤ Re ≤ 50,000) are examined. It is found that approximately the same heat transfer enhance

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35

Chu, Iris, Cristina Fernandez, Kathleen Allen Rodowicz, et al. "Diaphragm muscle shortening modulates kinematics of lower rib cage in dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 299, no. 6 (2010): R1456—R1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00016.2010.

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We tested the hypothesis that diaphragm muscle shortening modulates volume displacement and kinematics of the lower rib cage in dogs and that posture and mode of ventilation affect such modulation. Radiopaque markers were surgically attached to the lower three ribs of the rib cage and to the midcostal region of the diaphragm in six dogs of ∼8 kg body masses, and the locations of these markers were determined by a biplane fluoroscopy system. Three-dimensional software modeling techniques were used to compute volume displacement and surface area of the midcostal diaphragm and the lower three rib

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LANDIM, Aline Vieira, Angela Maria de VASCONCELOS, Marilma Pacheco CORRÊA, et al. "Tissue and centesimal composition of the 12th rib of lambs from genetic groups different." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 16, no. 2 (2015): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402015000200004.

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This experiment evaluated the effect of genetic group and slaughter weight on rib eye area, tissue and centesimal composition of the 12th rib. Were used lambs Santa Ines, ½ Ile de France x ½ Santa Ines and ½ Texel x ½ Santa Ines lambs, slaughtered at different weights (35 and 45kg). After cooling at 4°C for 24 h, the 12th rib was removed for tissue and centesimal. The experiment was in a 3 (genetic group) x 2 (sex) x 2 (slaughter weight) factorial design and analyzed using Correlation and Duncan 0.05 means test in SAS®. Texel x Santa Ines animals had the best potential for quality traits of th

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Pean, J. L., C. J. Chuong, M. Ramanathan, and R. L. Johnson. "Regional deformation of the canine diaphragm." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 4 (1991): 1581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.4.1581.

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To follow regional deformation of the diaphragm in dogs, radiopaque markers were implanted under surgical anesthesia into different anatomic regions of the muscle in triangular arrays (approximately 1 cm to a side). After recovery from surgery, changes in area and shape of the triangles were followed with biplane cinefluorography during quiet breathing and during inspiratory efforts against an occluded airway (Mueller maneuvers). From changes in shape of the triangles during contraction, area changes were decomposed into a major direction and magnitude of shortening (Eg1) and a minor length ch

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Morais, Maria Da Graça, Bruna Biava de Menezes, Caroline Bertholini Ribeiro, et al. "Models predict the proportion of bone, muscle, and fat in ewe lamb carcasses from in vivo measurements of the 9th to 11th rib section and of the 12th rib." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 2 (2016): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p1081.

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The present work aimed at evaluating models that predict the proportion of bone, muscle, and fat in ewe lamb carcasses using in vivo data obtained from the 9th to 11th rib section and from the 12th rib. A study population of 30 wooled ewe lambs, derived from Texel breed crosses, were fed with different concentrate levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) and slaughtered at a weight of 37.70 ± 10.23 kg. Carcass fat content (FC%) and muscle content (MC%) were estimated from models using the proportion of muscle and fat in the 9th to 11th rib section or in the 12th rib, with or without additional data

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Chaudhary, Zakir Ilahi, Ambareen Khan, Sher Afghan Khan, and Khizar Ahmed Pathan. "Base Pressure Control using Quarter Circle Rib in a Suddenly Expanded Duct at Screech Prone Mach Number M = 1.8." CFD Letters 17, no. 8 (2025): 60–95. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.17.8.6095.

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Occurrence of sudden expansion is widespread in the defence and automobile industry. At the blunt base of the fuselage, missiles, projectiles and aircraft bombs, the flow gets separated at the base and forms low-pressure recirculation, leading to a significant increase in the base drag. This paper addresses how this low base pressure at the base can be controlled. In this study, quarter circle ribs are used as a control mechanism to regulate the base pressure in a suddenly expanded flow of area ratio 4.84, Mach M = 1.8 for nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs) ranging from 3 to 11 at various rib locat

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Wang, Yeou-Chih, Ming-Hsi Sun, Chi-Wen Lin, and Yen-Ju Chen. "Anatomical location of T2–3 sympathetic trunk and Kuntz nerve determined by transthoracic endoscopy." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 96, no. 1 (2002): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2002.96.1.0068.

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Object. Bilateral subaxillary transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES) is a popular procedure of upper thoracic sympathectomy. The anatomical locations of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks, as viewed under the endoscope, are varied in the rib head areas. In this study, the authors investigated the more visible anatomical locations of the T-2 and T-3 sympathetic trunks, the so-called nerves of Kuntz, and intercostal rami by performing transthoracic endoscopy. Methods. Seventy patients with palmar hyperhidrosis undergoing bilateral TES (140 sides) via the anterior subaxillary approach were

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Yang, Zeng-Qiang, Chang Liu, and Hui-Wu Jin. "Study on Pressure Relief Zone Formed Inside Roadway Rib by Rotary Cutting with Pressurized Water Jet for Preventing Rock Burst." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (May 23, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9647029.

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Based on the engineering geological conditions of mining area 2502 in Yanbei coal mine as a background, the comprehensive index method is used to evaluate the rock burst risk of mining area 2502, and the burst tendency of coal seam 5# under natural and water-saturated conditions is also tested in laboratory. Then the pressurized water jet technology is proposed as an effective and feasible method to prevent rock burst. By means of theoretical analysis, the coal-rock mass system has three strain-stress states under the influence of static load, and it has another strain-stress state under the i

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Gravas, E., P. Kiekens, and L. van Langenhove. "PREDICTING FABRIC WEIGHT PER UNIT AREA OF SINGLE- AND DOUBLE-KNITTED STRUCTURES USING APPROPRIATE SOFTWARE." AUTEX Research Journal 6, no. 4 (2006): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2006-060405.

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Abstract This project deals with the prediction of knitted fabric weight per unit area using appropriate software called proKNIT. This software has been designed according to the existing literature, and can determine the weight of knitted fabrics in different relaxing conditions by entering process and material variables, such as the type of fabric and fibre, knitting machine gauge, yarn count, fabric loop length and tightness factor. The prediction of the fabric weight is dependent upon the dimensional parameters of Kc, Kw, Ks and R, which have been entered into the system. Therefore, proKNI

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Lee, S. J., K. A. Donoghue, and W. S. Pitchford. "Maternal body composition in seedstock herds. 2. Relationships between cow body composition and BREEDPLAN EBVs for Angus and Hereford cows." Animal Production Science 58, no. 1 (2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13533.

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Relationships between BREEDPLAN estimated breeding values (EBVs) for 600-day weight, maternal effect on calf weaning weight (Milk), fat depth at P8 site (Rump), 12/13th rib fat depth (Rib), eye muscle area (EMA), and intramuscular fat (IMF) with body composition measures in first- and second-parity Angus and Hereford cows were investigated. More than 4000 Angus and 1000 Hereford cows were measured for weight, height, ultrasound P8 fat depth (P8), 12/13th rib fat depth (RIB), loin EMA and IMF (%) at pre-calving and weaning. The body composition measurements were then regressed against mid-paren

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Korotky, G. J., and M. E. Taslim. "Rib Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurements in a Rib-Roughened Square Passage." Journal of Turbomachinery 120, no. 2 (1998): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841416.

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Three staggered 90 deg rib geometries corresponding to blockage ratios of 0.133, 0.167, and 0.25 were tested for pitch-to-height ratios of 5, 8.5, and 10, and for two distinct thermal boundary conditions of heated and unheated channel walls. Comparisons were made between the surface-averaged heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for ribs with rounded corners and those with sharp corners, reported previously. Heat transfer coefficients of the furthest upstream rib and that of a typical rib located in the middle of the rib-roughened region of the passage wall were also compared. It was

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Ferreira, Otoniel Geter Lauz, Fábio Diniz Rossi, Régis Antônio Teixeira Coelho, Vivian Francieli Fucilini, and Marlova Benedetti. "Measurement of rib-eye area by the method of digital images." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 41, no. 3 (2012): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982012000300047.

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Goonewardene, L. A., E. Okine, N. Patrick, et al. "Effects of feeding high energy or high energy-protein diets to goats." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82, no. 1 (2002): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a01-014.

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Growth, efficiency and carcass traits were evaluated for goats fed barley or a concentrate mix (CM). Goats on the CM showed higher (P < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) (27.5%), end of test weight (11.6%), hot carcass weight (HCW) (14.9%) and rib-eye area (REA) (14.7%), lower (P < 0.02) concentrate to gain ratio (CG) ratio (22.5%) and no differences (P > 0.05) in concentrate intake (CI) and dressing percent (DP), compared to those on barley. Although feeding the CM improved ADG, CG, HCW and REA, it may be relatively more economical to finish goats on whole barley grain. Key words: Goat,

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Sonaiya, E. B., J. R. Stouffer, and H. R. Cross. "Real-Time Ultrasonic Evaluation Of Swine." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 19 (January 16, 2021): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v19i.2083.

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This study shows no difference in the backfat data collected on live and dead animals. In adjusted data, barrows had more backfat according to sonic and actual carcass measurement. There was a significantly (P<0.05) lower value in gilts in the first and last rib positions and in barrows in all positions but the tenth rib for sonic data as compared with carcass measurement. A high and significant (P<0.01) correlation existed between sonic and carcass measurements of fat thickness across sex. Within each sex, correlation was highest on the tenth rib followed by the last rib in gilts and th

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Mangat, Asif Elahi, Lubos Hes, Vladimir Bajzik, and Adnan Mazari. "Thermal Absorptivity Model of Knitted Rib Fabric and its Experimental Verification." Autex Research Journal 18, no. 1 (2018): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2017-0003.

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Abstract Thermal absorptivity is an indicator of warm and cool feeling of textile materials. An equation based on thermal absorptivity of polyester in solid form, porosity of a fabric, and relative contact area of human skin and fabric surface has been developed to characterize thermal absorptivity of fabric. For verification of suggested model, 15 knitted rib fabrics were produced using 100% polyester yarn and having different surface profile. ALAMBETA semiautomatic non-destructive instrument has been used for measuring the effective thermal absorptivity of knitted rib fabric. It was found th

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Taslim, M. E., and A. Lengkong. "45 deg Round-Corner Rib Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurements in a Square Channel." Journal of Turbomachinery 121, no. 2 (1999): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841311.

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Cooling channels, roughened with repeated ribs, are commonly employed as a means of cooling turbine blades. The increased level of mixing induced by these ribs enhances the convective heat transfer in the blade cooling cavities. Many previous investigations have focused on the heat transfer coefficient on the surfaces between these ribs and only a few studies report the heat transfer coefficient on the rib surfaces themselves. The present study investigated the heat transfer coefficient on the surfaces of 45 deg, round-corner ribs. Three staggered rib geometries corresponding to blockage ratio

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Liang, Shanshan, Jingxiang Xu, Yunfeng Liao, Yu Zhao, Haibo Huo, and Zhenhua Chu. "Multiphysics-Driven Structural Optimization of Flat-Tube Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells to Enhance Hydrogen Production Efficiency and Thermal Stress Resistance." Energies 18, no. 10 (2025): 2449. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102449.

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The solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) has potential application value in water electrolysis for hydrogen production. Here, we propose an integrated multi-scale optimization framework for the SOEC, addressing critical challenges in microstructure–property correlation and thermo-mechanical reliability. By establishing quantitative relationships between fuel support layer thickness, air electrode rib coverage, and Ni-YSZ volume ratio, we reveal their nonlinear coupling effects on the hydrogen production rate and thermal stress. The results show that when the fuel support layer thickness increa

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