To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Ribeye area. eng.
Journal articles on the topic 'Ribeye area. eng'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 27 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Ribeye area. eng.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Keefe, G. P., I. R. Dohoo, J. E. Valcour, and R. L. Milton. "Ultrasonic imaging of marbling at feedlot entry as a predictor of carcass quality grade." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-084.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated the ability of ultrasonic examination at entry into the feedlot to predict carcass traits. Feeder calves (487) from eight Prince Edward Island feedlots were examined with an Aloka 500 ultrasound and Critical Vision® image analysis software to determine carcass attributes (backfat, ribeye area and intramuscular fat) at feedlot entry. These measures, along with potential confounders, were evaluated for their ability to predict carcass grade. Three statistical procedures (multinomial logistic regression, constrained multinomial logistic regression and a proportional odds logistic regression) were used to evaluate the data. After evaluation, final analyses were performed using the constrained multinomial logistic regression (adjacent category) procedure. All three ultrasound determined carcass attributes were significantly associated with slaughter grade. The odds of being one grade category higher (e.g., AAA) versus the adjacent category (e.g., AA) were 1.74, 1.37 and 0.98 per percentage point intramuscular fat, mm of backfat or cm2 of ribeye area, respectively. Heifers were 2.1 times more likely to be in the next higher grade category than steers. Feedlot of origin, days on feed and carcass weight were also significant predictors of final grade. Key words: Cattle, beef; carcass traits; ultrasound; marbling; carcass grade
2
Maciel, Isabella Cristina de Faria, Jeannine P. Schweihofer, Jenifer I. Fenton, Jennifer Hodbod, Melissa McKendree, Kim Cassida, and Jason E. Rowntree. "PSXI-18 Influence of Akaushi Genetics on Beef Performance and Carcass Merit in Grain and Grass-finishing Systems." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.676.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The study objective was to investigate the impact of beef genetics and finishing system on beef production and carcass merit. Red Angus (RA, n = 30) and RA x Akaushi (AK, n = 30) were equally assigned to one of two finishing treatments: a mixed-species pasture forage (GRASS) or a total mixed feedlot ration (GRAIN) in three replications. Each finishing treatment had free access to mineral and water, and GRAIN were fed once daily (20% hay and 80% concentrate) over 107 d. The grazing period was 80 d. Body weight (BW) was measured after a 12-hour fasting period at the onset and end of the trial. Animals were slaughtered at 18 and 26 mo (GRAIN and GRASS, respectively), and carcass data was collected 48 h postmortem. Initial and final BW were greater for GRAIN (469.7 and 611.0 kg) than GRASS (439.1 and 548.7 kg). Although steers had different total BW gain (141 kg for GRAIN vs 90 kg for GRASS; P < 0.01), there was no difference for average daily gain between two systems. The GRAIN’s advantage in performance, led to higher HCW (+16%), ribeye area (+10%), and backfat (+52%) compared to GRASS. Dressing and marbling score were greater in GRAIN compared to GRASS (61.2 % and 621 vs 57.8 % and 417). The AK cattle presented higher values for dressing (58.7 vs 60.1%; P < 0.0001), ribeye area (70.2 vs 74.3 cm2; P = 0.02), and marbling (548 vs 490, P = 0.03) compared to RA. There was genetics x diet interaction for internal fat, where AK animals had greater value than RA (2.7 vs 2.3%; P < 0.0001) in the GRAIN treatment. These results indicate that GRAIN had superior performance and carcass merit and that AK enhanced these traits to a greater degree as compared to RA.
3
Takagi, Yasushi, Ken-Ichiro Kikuta, Kazuhiko Nozaki, Motoaki Fujimoto, Junya Hayashi, and Nobuo Hashimoto. "Neuronal expression of Fas-associated death domain protein and caspase-8 in the perinidal parenchyma of cerebral arteriovenous malformations." Journal of Neurosurgery 106, no. 2 (February 2007): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.2.275.
Full textAbstract:
Object The expression and localization of phosphorylated Fas-associated death domain protein (pFADD) and cleaved caspase-8 was examined in human cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The authors focused on the perinidal parenchyma to clarify the effect of AVMs on perinidal brain tissue. Methods Seventeen cerebral AVMs were analyzed using immunohistochemical methods. Specimens were removed from patients during surgical procedures. The characteristics of the areas that stained positively for pFADD or cleaved caspase-8 were also assessed using an image analysis system. Eleven (65%) of the 17 lesions demonstrated anti-pFADD immunoreactivity and 12 (71%) showed anti–cleaved caspase-8 immunoreactivity. The immunoreactive cells in the perinidal parenchyma demonstrated obvious neuronal morphological characteristics. The characteristics of pFADD-positive and cleaved caspase-8–positive areas were assessed using the image analysis system. The mean distance from the nidus adjacent to either area was not affected by preoperative hemorrhage. The neuronal densities of pFADD-positive and cleaved caspase-8–positive areas were analyzed using the same system. The density of the control area (samples that were pFADD-negative and cleaved caspase-8 negative) was significantly higher when compared with that of pFADD-positive and cleaved caspase-8–positive areas (p < 0.05). The expressions of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase, and apoptotic cells were analyzed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling method. Conclusions Neuronal areas that stained positively for pFADD and cleaved caspase-8 existed around the nidus of AVMs. In these areas, the neuronal density was lower than that in the other parenchyma around the AVM. Neuronal loss around the nidus may be the origin of brain dysfunction around AVMs.
4
Field, Catherine E., Maria K. Chavez, Mohammed Abo-Ismail, and Zach D. McFarlane. "PSI-31 Retrospective analysis of growth performance and carcass ultrasound data of yearling bulls enrolled at the Cal Poly Bull Test." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.820.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Since 1956, the Cal Poly Bull Test has evaluated performance of yearling bulls in a multi-breed contemporary group in the western United States. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the consistency of the relationship between growth and ultrasound traits and between the number of bulls selling and sale price over a 19-year period from 2001–2019. Out of 3,712 bulls, a total of 2,503 Angus and 453 Hereford bulls were used in the analyses using SAS. Bulls were sold in the following pre-determined breed categories; Angus Heifer Bulls, Multi-Trait Angus Bulls, Growth Angus Bulls, and Hereford Bulls. The breed × year interaction significantly (P < 0.01) affected sale price, scrotal circumference (SC), ultrasound ribeye area (UREA), ultrasound intramuscular fat percentage (UIMF), end weight, and average daily gain (ADG). Overall, Hereford bulls had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower ADG than Angus bulls. A positive relationship between ADG and UREA (P < 0.0001; r2 = 0.10) and between UREA and SC (P < 0.0001; r2 = 0.05) was observed. A significant, positive relationship (P < 0.01; r2 = 0.24) between end weight and REA was also exhibited. A significant breed × year interaction (P < 0.01) was observed for sale price, wherein Angus heifer bulls consistently sold for the highest price. Additionally, sale price analyses indicated a moderate, negative relationship (P = 0.02; r2 = -0.584) between number of animals entered in the sale and price. Consistently, Angus bulls had higher (P < 0.0001) sale prices. Sales with higher bull numbers were those with the lowest average prices. The year and breed category explained 31 and 22.5 % of the variance in the price, respectively. Growth performance and sale price may have a biological or genetic component as indicated by breed differences consistently over the 19-year period.
5
Umiastowska, Marta, and Marian Ciaciura. "Protected plant species of forest, lakes and peatbogs in the Western Part of the Drawskie Lakeland." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10119-009-0010-6.
Full textAbstract:
Protected plant species of forest, lakes and peatbogs in the Western Part of the Drawskie Lakeland A floristic study of forest communities, lakes, and peatbogs of the western part of the Drawskie Lakeland was carried out in 2006-2008. The study revealed the presence of numerous valuable plant species. More than 400 floristic lists were compiled. Plant surveys were conducted with the aid of the ATPOL square grid system. To increase the accuracy of the surveys, the basic ATPOL squares (10x10 km) were additionally subdivided into smaller ones of 1x1 km. The area of study was found to support 416 plant species, including protected ones: 17 species strictly protected (e.g., Blechnum spicant, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Drosera rotundifolia, Lycopodium annotinum, Utricularia intermedia) and 12 under partial protection (e.g., Frangula alnus, Menyanthes trifoliata, Ononis spinosa, Ribes nigrum, Viburnum opulus). The list of protected plants contains one species (Lobelia dortmanna) included in the Polish Red Book of Plants.
6
Decker, Jared E., David J. Patterson, Brian Arisman, Troy N. Rowan, Jordan M. Thomas, Scott Brown, William R. Lamberson, et al. "101 National Center for Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) evaluates accuracy of genomic prediction in commercial Angus cattle." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.173.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract One of the goals of the National Center of Applied Reproduction and Genomics (NCARG) is to demonstrate in real-world settings the potential of new technologies. To this end, we evaluated the predictive ability of the Zoetis GeneMax Advantage genomic prediction. The GeneMax Advantage test analyzes tens of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to predict the genetic potential of a commercial Angus female. Genetic predictions are provided for Calving Ease Maternal, Weaning Weight, Heifer Pregnancy, Milk, Mature Weight, Dry Matter Intake, Carcass Weight, Marbling, and Yield. Indices of economically important traits are estimated on an index score (1–100 scale) and are reported in three indices; Cow Advantage Index, Feeder Advantage Index, and Total Advantage Index. Producers can use the scores and indices to make selection, culling, and mating decisions. To measure the accuracy of the trait predictions, data from commercial Angus females and their progeny at the University of Missouri Thompson Research Center was utilized to analyze Weaning Weight, Milk, Marbling, Fat Thickness, Ribeye Area and Carcass Weight. Progeny phenotypic data was matched to the respective dam, and the genomic predictions were then compared to the phenotypic data using correlation and linear models in R software. Linear models accounted for differences in sex, birth year, and the random effect of sire. Interestingly, all genomic predictions had correlations with progeny phenotypes that were significantly different from zero (P-value < 0.05). Likewise in the linear models, genomic predictions for all analyzed traits were significantly associated with calf performance (Table 1). Academics, farmers and ranchers, and extension professionals can trust the effectiveness of GeneMax Advantage genomic predictions in commercial Angus cattle.
7
He, L., H. Wu, Q. Meng, and Z. Zhou. "Growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, rumen enzymes, and fattening earnings of cattle fed corn silage/corn stalk silage based finishing diets." Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 12 (December 4, 2018): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/108/2018-cjas.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, rumen enzymes, and fattening earnings of beef cattle when substituting corn stalk silage with corn silage or corn grain in finishing rations. Forty-five Bohai Black steers were selected and fattened in a three-phase (4 weeks–4 weeks–16 weeks) way with one of three diets based on corn silage (CS), corn stalk silage (SS) without/with equivalent corn grain supplement (SSC), respectively. During the 24-week trial, individual feed intake and body weight were recorded every four weeks. By the end, blood and rumen fluid were sampled, and all the cattle were slaughtered to evaluate carcass performance. There were no significant differences found in the body weight gain, daily feed intake or feed efficiency among different dietary treatments over the whole finishing period except that the cattle fed CS achieved higher weight gain and feed efficiency in Phase 2 than those fed SS or SSC along with a lower feed intake than that of cattle fed SSC. No significant effect was found on the hot carcass weight, chilled carcass weight, dressing percentage, aging loss, loin eye area, and the weights of chuckeye, ribeye, striploin, and tenderloin. The cattle fed CS showed lower blood concentrations of ALT and glucose along with a higher ratio of AST and ALT than those fed SS. The cattle fed SSC also presented a higher activity of avicelase in the rumen fluid and their fattening earnings were approximately $27.50 less than those of the cattle fed CS or SS. These results suggest that substituting corn stalk silage with corn silage or corn grain could not improve animal performance and it is more economical to substitute corn stalk silage with corn silage rather than supplement equivalent corn grain in a high-concentrate finishing ration.
8
Jang, Yumi, Zeinab Elsayed, Rebeka Eki, Shuaixin He, Kang-Ping Du, Tarek Abbas, and Mihoko Kai. "Intrinsically disordered protein RBM14 plays a role in generation of RNA:DNA hybrids at double-strand break sites." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 10 (February 24, 2020): 5329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913280117.
Full textAbstract:
Accumulating evidence suggests participation of RNA-binding proteins with intrinsically disordered domains (IDPs) in the DNA damage response (DDR). These IDPs form liquid compartments at DNA damage sites in a poly(ADP ribose) (PAR)-dependent manner. However, it is greatly unknown how the IDPs are involved in DDR. We have shown previously that one of the IDPs RBM14 is required for the canonical nonhomologous end joining (cNHEJ). Here we show that RBM14 is recruited to DNA damage sites in a PARP- and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-dependent manner. Both KU and RBM14 are required for RNAPII-dependent generation of RNA:DNA hybrids at DNA damage sites. In fact, RBM14 binds to RNA:DNA hybrids. Furthermore, RNA:DNA hybrids and RNAPII are detected at gene-coding as well as at intergenic areas when double-strand breaks (DSBs) are induced. We propose that the cNHEJ pathway utilizes damage-induced transcription and intrinsically disordered protein RBM14 for efficient repair of DSBs.
9
Murdoch, WJ. "Perturbation of sheep ovarian surface epithelial cells by ovulation: evidence for roles of progesterone and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the restoration of DNA integrity." Journal of Endocrinology 156, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1560503.
Full textAbstract:
Ovarian cells within the area of impending follicular rupture in the sheep exhibit evidence of DNA fragmentation. Most cells undergo a degenerative process indicative of apoptosis and are deleted before ovulation. However, some ovarian surface epithelial cells located along the margins of ruptured follicles persist (with damaged DNA) into the ensuing luteal phase. It is conceivable that a genetically-altered progenitor cell that has survived a sub-lethal insult at ovulation (i.e. with unrepaired DNA but not committed to death) could give rise to a malignant phenotype that is propagated during the postovulatory ovarian surface wound-repair process. It was hypothesized that progesterone derived from the formative corpus luteum reestablishes genomic integrity among ovarian surface epithelial cells contiguous with the ovulatory site and that this response is mediated by the DNA repair/apoptosis-activating enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Ovarian surface epithelial cells immediately surrounding the ovulatory stigma of sheep follicles were recovered on luteal days 1, 2 or 4; control cells were obtained from an ipsilateral ovarian region removed from the point of ovulation. Immunofluorescent staining of end-linked digoxigenin or poly(ADP-ribose) was used to detect fragmented DNA or PARP-modified proteins within individual cells. Approximately 25% of surface epithelial cells that bordered the ovarian rupture site contained damaged DNA on days 1 and 2; there was a dramatic decrease by day 4 (< 5%). The decline in DNA-compromised cells was negated by in vivo inhibition of lutein progesterone production invoked by ovarian perivascular injection (day 1) of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor isoxazol; this effect was reversed by exogenous progesterone. There was a positive relationship on day 2 between the level of ovarian progesterone and immunostaining of ADP-ribose polymers in surface epithelial cells associated with the ovulatory site. Evidence of DNA fragmentation or PARP activity in control cells was low and not affected by time of sample collection or treatments. The progesterone receptor antagonist RU486 and the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D blocked increases in PARP in ovarian surface epithelial cells incubated with progesterone. It is suggested that DNA damage to ovarian surface epithelium that is inflicted at ovulation is (normally) reconciled on a localized basis by progesterone/PARP-mediated repair or dedicated apoptotic cell death thereby conferring protection against clonal transformation.
10
Krause, Taylor, Edward Moore, Jason Duggin, Jacob Segers, and T. Dean Pringle. "PSV-36 The impact of selection using residual average daily gain and marbling EPDs on growth performance and carcass traits in angus steers." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.679.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study compared growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, and carcass characteristics in Angus steers (n = 321) from bulls divergently selected for feed efficiency and marbling. Angus sires were selected based on high (10th percentile or better) and low (85th percentile or worse) residual ADG (RADG) EPD as well as high (5th percentile or better) and average (near 50th percentile) marbling (MARB) EPD. These criteria resulted in a 2x2 factorial design with four breeding lines: high RADG/high MARB, high RADG/average MARB, low RADG/high MARB, low RADG/average MARB. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS with RADG and MARB as main effects. Ultrasound and carcass data revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in 12th rib backfat thickness from weaning through slaughter for the RADG EPD groups. At the beginning and the end of the feeding trial, the high RADG (P ≤ 0.02) group had larger ultrasound ribeye area than the low RADG group. During the feedlot trial and through slaughter, BW was heavier (P ≤ 0.006) for the high versus low RADG steers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.44) across MARB EPD. Feed efficiency measures did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB groups apart from the tendency (P = 0.08) for residual feed intake to be lower in the high versus low RADG steers. Marbling scores differed (P ≤ 0.04) across RADG and MARB groups with the low RADG steers and the high MARB steers having improved marbling. The quality grade distribution across MARB EPD revealed that the average MARB steers graded 73% Choice and 25% Prime while the high MARB steers graded 56% and 42%, respectively. Slice shear force did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB EPD. These results suggest that selection using RADG EPD has negligible impacts on meat quality; moreover, they show that progress in selection for efficiency can be accomplished while advancing carcass quality and value.
11
Muir, John A., and Richard S. Hunt. "Assessing Potential Risks of White Pine Blister Rust on Western White Pine from Increased Cultivation of Currants." HortTechnology 10, no. 3 (January 2000): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.3.523.
Full textAbstract:
Introductions of white pine blister rust (WPBR, causal fungus: Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer) to eastern and western North America before 1915 caused such extensive damage that western white pine (Pinus monticola D. Don) was essentially abandoned as a manageable forest tree species for over 60 years. Recent results from WPBR resistance selection and breeding programs, and from field trials of tree spacing, pruning and bark excision treatments have supported efforts to increase establishment and to intensively manage western white pine. Western white pine is a desirable component in many forested areas because of its faster growth and much higher value compared to many other associated tree species. It also has a low susceptibility to armillaria root disease caused by Armillaria ostoyae (Romagnesi) Herink and laminated root rot, caused by Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. Some regulations, e.g., Forest Practices Code of British Columbia (BC) Act, require anyone who harvests timber on provincial forestland and uses western white pine for reforestation to either plant genetically resistant western white pine stock or prune susceptible young trees for protection. Risks of increased WPBR associated with increased commercial cultivation of gooseberries and currants (Ribes L.) have yet to be determined. However, major threats appear to include 1) increase in local amounts of spores for nearby infection of pines; and 2) possible introductions or development of new, virulent races of C. ribicola, particularly from eastern to Pacific northwestern North America. In view of these possible threats, we recommend that existing regulations and legislation should be amended, or possibly new measures enacted, to permit propagation and commercial cultivation only of varieties of Ribes that are immune or highly resistant to WPBR.
12
Sant’anna, Aline Cristina, Tiago Da Silva Valente, Ana Fabrícia Braga Magalhães, Rafael Espigolan, Maria Camila Ceballos, Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque, and Mateus José Rodrigues Paranhos da Costa. "Relationships between temperament, meat quality, and carcass traits in Nellore cattle1." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 12 (November 16, 2019): 4721–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz324.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between temperament in Nellore bulls with carcass and meat quality traits. In total, 1,400 bulls were studied, and temperament was assessed using two measurements: movement score (MOV) and flight speed test (FS). Both MOV and FS were measured at two time points, with background (MOVb and FSb) temperament measured at yearling age, ~550 d after birth, and the preslaughter (MOVps and FSps) temperament measured at the end of the feedlot period. The change of temperament resulting in an increase or decrease in reactivity was also used to measure meat quality. The traits used to define carcass and meat quality included carcass bruises (BRU), hot carcass weight (HCW, kg), ribeye area (REA, cm2), backfat thickness (BFT, cm), marbling score (MS), meat pH after thawing (pH), presence or absence of dark cutters, color parameters of luminosity (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), cooking loss (CL, %), and Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF, kg). A principal component (PC) analysis was initially applied to the carcass and meat quality traits, followed by logistic regression models and linear mixed models to evaluate the effects of temperament on carcass and meat quality. The risks of carcass bruises and dark cutters did not differ as a function of any temperament trait (P > 0.05). In turn, animals classified as high MOVb (reactive) had lower PC3 values (P = 0.05), CL (P = 0.02), and tended to have lower MS (P = 0.08). In addition, animals classified as high FSb (faster and reactive cattle) produced carcasses with smaller REA (P < 0.01), higher meat pH (P < 0.01), lower color gradients (L*, P = 0.04; b*, P < 0.01), and lower PC1 and PC4 scores (P < 0.01) when compared with the low FSb class. For preslaughter temperament, high MOVps was related to lower color a* (P = 0.04), whereas high FSps was related to lower HCW, MS, and PC2 (P < 0.01) than the calmer ones (low FSps). The reduction in MOV was related to more tender meat, and the reduction in FS to heavier carcass and brighter meat. We conclude that excitable temperament in Nellore cattle may have negative effects in some of the carcass and meat quality attributes assessed, mainly those related to muscle deposition on carcass and color gradients. Measurement of temperament before the cattle entered the feedlot was a better predictor of carcass and meat quality traits, compared with temperament assessment at the end of the feeding period.
13
Knoche, Moritz, Eckhard Grimm, and Henrik Jürgen Schlegel. "Mature Sweet Cherries Have Low Turgor." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 139, no. 1 (January 2014): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.139.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
The pressure inside a mature sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit is thought to be an important factor in rain cracking. However, to our knowledge, this pressure has never been quantified directly. The objectives of this study are to quantify: 1) the cell turgor () in fruit using a cell pressure probe (CPP) and a vapor pressure osmometer (VPO); and 2) the tissue pressure in a fruit () using both a fruit pressure probe (FPP) and a compression-plate technique (CP). The value of in mesocarp cells of mature sweet cherry fruit averaged 28.1 kPa in ‘Samba’ and 17.5 kPa in ‘Sam’ at depths below the fruit surface between 200 and 400 μm. A (range 38 to 64 kPa for different cultivars) calculated from the tissue water potential ( = –2968 to –4035 kPa) and the osmotic potential () ( = –3020 to –4116 kPa) of excised mesocarp discs as determined by VPO was of the same order of magnitude as that by CPP. Similar low values were obtained by FPP (range 8.0 to 11.8 kPa across cultivars). The were consistently lower than the values measured by CPP or by VPO. The value in the mesocarp increased slightly with increasing depth below the surface. However, was always negligible (e.g., ‘Samba’ = 10 kPa) compared with either (‘Samba’ = –2395 kPa) or calculated water potential () (‘Samba’ = –2385 kPa). When subjecting intact fruit to CP, linear relationships were obtained between the forces applied and the resulting aplanation areas. The values obtained by CP (range in sweet cherry 18.4 to 36.1 kPa) were somewhat larger than the values obtained by FPP (range in sweet cherry 8.0 to 11.8 kPa). Incubating fruit for up to 7.5 h in deionized water or for up to 96 h in air enclosed above dry silica gel had no measurable effects on . The low and the low values are not unique to sweet cherry. Values of the same order of magnitude were obtained also in mature sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), european plum (Prunus domestica L.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.), red currant (Ribes rubrum L.), black currant (Ribes nigrum L.), blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Possible explanations for the very low values of and are discussed.
14
Arora, Avnish Kumar, and Pankaj Kumar. "Prebiotic studies on the interaction of zirconia nanoparticles and ribose nucleotides and their role in chemical evolution." International Journal of Astrobiology 20, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550421000033.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractStudies on the interaction of biomolecules with inorganic compounds, mainly mineral surfaces, are of great concern in identifying their role in chemical evolution and origins of life. Metal oxides are the major constituents of earth and earth-like planets. Hence, studies on the interaction of biomolecules with these minerals are the point of concern for the study of the emergence of life on different planets. Zirconium oxide is one of the metal oxides present in earth's crust as it is a part of several types of rocks found in sandy areas such as beaches and riverbeds, e.g. pebbles of baddeleyite. Different metal oxides have been studied for their role in chemical evolution but no studies have been reported about the role of zirconium oxide in chemical evolution and origins of life. Therefore, studies were carried out on the interaction of ribonucleic acid constituents, 5′-CMP (cytidine monophosphate), 5′-UMP (uridine monophosphate), 5′-GMP (guanosine monophosphate) and 5′-AMP (adenosine monophosphate), with zirconium oxide. Synthesized zirconium oxide particles were characterized by using vibrating sample magnetometer, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Zirconia particles were in the nanometre range, from 14 to 27 nm. The interaction of zirconium oxide with ribonucleic acid constituents was performed in the concentration range of 5 × 10−5–300 × 10−5 M. Interaction studies were carried out in three mediums; acidic (pH 4.0), neutral (pH 7.0) and basic (pH 9.0). At neutral pH, maximum interaction was observed. The interaction of zirconium oxide with 5′-UMP was 49.45% and with 5′-CMP 67.98%, while with others it was in between. Interaction studies were Langmurian in nature. Xm and KL values were calculated. Infrared spectral studies of ribonucleotides, metal oxide and ribonucleotide–metal oxide adducts were carried out to find out the interactive sites. It was observed that the nitrogen base and phosphate moiety of ribonucleotides interact with the positive charge surface of metal oxide. SEM was also carried out to study the adsorption. The results of the present study favour the important role of zirconium oxide in concentrating the organic molecules from their dilute aqueous solutions in primeval seas.
15
Ben Hania, Wajdi, Anne Postec, Thomas Aüllo, Anthony Ranchou-Peyruse, Gaël Erauso, Céline Brochier-Armanet, Moktar Hamdi, et al. "Mesotoga infera sp. nov., a mesophilic member of the order Thermotogales , isolated from an underground gas storage aquifer." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, Pt_8 (August 1, 2013): 3003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.047993-0.
Full textAbstract:
Strain VNs100T, a novel mesophilic, anaerobic, rod-coccoid-shaped bacterium, having a sheath-like outer structure (toga), was isolated from a water sample collected in the area of an underground gas storage aquifer. It was non-motile with cells appearing singly (2–4 µm long×1–2 µm wide), in pairs or as long chains and stained Gram-negative. Strain VNs100T was heterotrophic, able to use arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, lactate, mannose, maltose, raffinose, ribose, sucrose and xylose as energy sources only in the presence of elemental sulfur as terminal electron acceptor. Acetate, CO2 and sulfide were the end products of sugar metabolism. Hydrogen was not detected. Elemental sulfur, but not thiosulfate, sulfate or sulfite, were reduced to sulfide. Strain VNs100T grew at temperatures between 30 and 50 °C (optimum 45 °C), at pH values between 6.2 and 7.9 (optimum 7.3–7.5) and at NaCl concentrations between 0 and 15 g l−1 (optimum 2 g l−1). The DNA G+C content was 47.5 mol%. The main cellular fatty acid was C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain VNs100T had as its closest relatives ‘ Mesotoga sulfurireducens’ (97.1 % similarity) and Mesotoga prima (similarity of 97.1 % and 97.7 % with each of its two genes, respectively) within the order Thermotogales . Hybridization between strain VNS100T and ‘M. sulfurireducens’ and between strain VNS100T and M. prima showed 12.9 % and 20.6 % relatedness, respectively. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and taxonomic characteristics, strain VNs100T is proposed as a representative of a novel species of the genus Mesotoga in the family Thermotogaceae , order Thermotogales . The name Mesotoga infera sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is VNs100T ( = DSM 25546T = JCM 18154T).
16
Plant, Pamela J., James R. Bain, Judy E. Correa, Minna Woo, and Jane Batt. "Absence of caspase-3 protects against denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 1 (July 2009): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90932.2008.
Full textAbstract:
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a key proteolytic pathway activated during skeletal muscle atrophy. The proteasome, however, cannot degrade intact myofibrils or actinomyosin complexes. In rodent models of diabetes mellitus and uremia, caspase-3 is involved in actinomyosin cleavage, generating fragments that subsequently undergo ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation. Here, we demonstrate that caspase-3 also mediates denervation-induced muscle atrophy. At 2 wk after tibial nerve transection, the denervated gastrocnemius of caspase-3-knockout mice weighed more and demonstrated larger fiber-type-specific cross-sectional area than the denervated gastrocnemius of wild-type mice. However, there was no difference between caspase-3-knockout and wild-type denervated muscles in the magnitude or pattern of actinomyosin degradation, as determined by Western blotting for actin and the 14-kDa actin fragment. Similarly, there was no difference between caspase-3-knockout and wild-type denervated muscles in the magnitude of increase in proteasome activity, total protein ubiquitination, or atrogin-1 and muscle-specific ring finger protein 1 transcript levels. In contrast, there was an increase in TdT-mediated dUTP nick end label-positive nuclei in the denervated muscle of wild-type compared with caspase-3-knockout mice. Apoptotic signaling upstream of caspase-3 remained intact, with equivalent mitochondrial Bax translocation and cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation in the denervated gastrocnemius muscle of wild-type and caspase-3-knockout mice. In contrast, diminished poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in the denervated muscle of caspase-3-knockout compared with wild-type mice revealed that apoptotic signaling downstream of caspase-3 was impaired, suggesting that the absence of caspase-3 protects against denervation-induced muscle atrophy by suppressing apoptosis as opposed to ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
17
He, B., M. Dai, W. Huang, Q. Liu, H. Chen, and L. Xu. "Sources and accumulation of organic carbon in the Pearl River Estuary surface sediment as indicated by elemental, stable carbon isotopic, and carbohydrate compositions." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 2 (April 22, 2010): 2889–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-2889-2010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Organic matter in surface sediments from the upper reach of the Pearl River Estuary and Lingdingyang Bay, as well as the adjacent northern South China Sea shelf was characterized by a variety of techniques, including elemental (C and N), stable carbon isotopic (δ 13C) composition, as well as molecular-level analyses. Total organic carbon (TOC) content was 1.61±1.20% in the upper reach down to 1.00±0.22% in Lingdingyang Bay and to 0.80±0.10% on the inner shelf and 0.58±0.06% on the outer shelf. δ13C values ranged from −25.11‰ to −21.28‰ across the studied area, with a trend of enrichment seaward. The spatial trend in C/N ratios mirrored that of δ13C, with a substantial decrease in C/N ratio from 10.9±1.3 in the Lingdingyang Bay surface sediments to 6.5±0.09 in the outer shelf surface sediments. Total carbohydrate yields ranged from 22.1 to 26.7 mg (100 mg OC)−1, and typically followed TOC concentrations in the estuarine and shelf sediments, suggesting that the relative abundance of total carbohydrate was fairly constant in TOC. Total neutral sugars as detected by the nine major monosaccharides (lyxose, rhamnose, ribose, arabinose, fucose, xylose, galactose, mannose, and glucose) yielded between 4.0 and 18.6 mg (100 mg OC)−1 in the same sediments, suggesting that a significant amount of carbohydrates were not neutral aldoses. The bulk organic matter properties, isotopic composition and C/N ratios, combined with molecular-level carbohydrate compositions were used to assess the sources and accumulation of terrestrial organic matter in the Pearl River Estuary and the adjacent northern South China Sea shelf. Results showed a mixture of terrestrial riverine organic carbon with in situ phytoplankton organic carbon in the areas studied. Using a two end-member mixing model based on δ13C values and C/N ratios, we estimated that the terrestrial organic carbon contribution to the surface sediment TOC was ca. 57±13% for Lingdingyang Bay, 19±2% for the inner shelf, which decreased further to 4.3±0.5% on the outer shelf. The molecular composition of the carbohydrate in surface sediments also suggested that the inner estuary was rich in terrestrial-derived carbohydrates but that the contribution of terrestrial-derived carbohydrates decreased offshore. Terrestrial organic carbon accumulation flux was estimated as 1.37±0.92×1011 g yr−1 in Lingdingyang Bay, which accounted for 37±25% of the terrestrial organic carbon transported to the Bay. The burial efficiency of terrestrial organic matter was markedly lower than that of suspended particulate substance (~71%) suggesting that the riverine POC undergoes significant degradation and replacement during transportation through the estuary.
18
Lee, Jung-Min, Ashley Cimino-Mathews, Cody J. Peer, Alexandra Zimmer, Stanley Lipkowitz, Christina M. Annunziata, Liang Cao, et al. "Safety and Clinical Activity of the Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Inhibitor Durvalumab in Combination With Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Olaparib or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1-3 Inhibitor Cediranib in Women's Cancers: A Dose-Escalation, Phase I Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 19 (July 1, 2017): 2193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.72.1340.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Data suggest that DNA damage by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition and/or reduced vascular endothelial growth factor signaling by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibition may complement antitumor activity of immune checkpoint blockade. We hypothesize the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, durvalumab, olaparib, or cediranib combinations are tolerable and active in recurrent women’s cancers. Patients and Methods This phase I study tested durvalumab doublets in parallel 3 + 3 dose escalations. Durvalumab was administered at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 1,500 mg every 4 weeks with either olaparib tablets twice daily or cediranib on two schedules. The primary end point was the recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Response rate and pharmacokinetic analysis were secondary end points. Results Between June 2015 and May 2016, 26 women were enrolled. The RP2D was durvalumab 1,500 mg every 4 weeks with olaparib 300 mg twice a day, or cediranib 20 mg, 5 days on/2 days off. No dose-limiting toxicity was recorded with durvalumab plus olaparib. The cediranib intermittent schedule (n = 6) was examined because of recurrent grade 2 and non–dose-limiting toxicity grade 3 and 4 adverse events (AEs) on the daily schedule (n = 8). Treatment-emergent AEs included hypertension (two of eight), diarrhea (two of eight), pulmonary embolism (two of eight), pulmonary hypertension (one of eight), and lymphopenia (one of eight). Durvalumab plus intermittent cediranib grade 3 and 4 AEs were hypertension (one of six) and fatigue (one of six). Exposure to durvalumab increased cediranib area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration on the daily, but not intermittent, schedules. Two partial responses (≥15 months and ≥ 11 months) and eight stable diseases ≥ 4 months (median, 8 months [4 to 14.5 months]) were seen in patients who received durvalumab plus olaparib, yielding an 83% disease control rate. Six partial responses (≥ 5 to ≥ 8 months) and three stable diseases ≥ 4 months (4 to ≥ 8 months) were seen in 12 evaluable patients who received durvalumab plus cediranib, for a 50% response rate and a 75% disease control rate. Response to therapy was independent of PD-L1 expression. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first reported anti–PD-L1 plus olaparib or cediranib combination therapy. The RP2Ds of durvalumab plus olaparib and durvalumab plus intermittent cediranib are tolerable and active. Phase II studies with biomarker evaluation are ongoing.
19
Osipov, Robert M., Michael P. Robich, Jun Feng, Richard T. Clements, Yuhong Liu, Hilary P. Glazer, John Wagstaff, Cesario Bianchi, and Frank W. Sellke. "Effect of thrombin fragment (TP508) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in hypercholesterolemic pigs." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 6 (June 2009): 1993–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00071.2009.
Full textAbstract:
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury occurs frequently in the setting of hypercholesterolemia. We investigated the potential efficacy of a novel thrombin fragment (TP508) on IR injury in a hypercholesterolemic porcine model. Twenty-one hypercholesterolemic male Yucatan pigs underwent 60 min of mid-left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Pigs received either placebo (control, n = 7) or TP508 in two doses (TP508 low dose, n = 7, as bolus of 0.5 mg/kg 50 min into ischemia and an infusion of 1.25 mg·kg−1·h−1 during reperfusion period or TP508 high dose, n = 7, a double dose of TP508 low-dose group). Myocardial function was monitored throughout the experiment. The area at risk and myocardial necrosis were determined by Monastryl blue/triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Apoptosis in the ischemic territory was assessed. Coronary microvascular reactivity to endothelium-dependent and -independent factors was measured. Myocardial necrosis was lower in both TP508-treated groups vs. control ( P < 0.05). Regional left ventricular function was improved only in the TP508 high-dose group ( P < 0.05). Endothelium-dependent coronary microvascular reactivity was greater in both TP508-treated groups ( P < 0.05) vs. control. The expression of proteins favoring cell survival, 90-kDa heat shock protein and phospho-Bad (Ser112) was higher in the TP508 high-dose group ( P < 0.05). The expression of the cell death signaling proteins, cleaved caspase-3 ( P < 0.05), apoptosis-inducing factor ( P < 0.05), and poly-ADP ribose polymerase ( P = 0.07) was lower in the TP508 low-dose group vs. TP508 high-dose and control. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling positive cell count was lower in both TP508 groups compared with the control ( P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that, in hypercholesterolemic pigs, TP508 decreases myocardial necrosis and apoptosis after IR. Thus TP508 may offer a novel approach in protecting the myocardium from IR injury.
20
Hatch, Rachel, Sweta Patel, Christine Cambareri, Tanya Uritsky, and Lainie P. Martin. "Evaluation of the occurrence and management of PARP inhibitor toxicities." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e18073-e18073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e18073.
Full textAbstract:
e18073 Background: Poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have become a major cornerstone of therapy in the management of patients with ovarian cancer and other cancer types. The most common adverse events with PARPi therapy include bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, and fatigue. Currently, information is scarce regarding the management of some of these adverse events. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive observational study of adult patients with gynecologic malignancy, who received at least 2 weeks of PARPi therapy, was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania Health System. Data was collected on patients prescribed a PARPi between December 2014 and October 2019, from initiation of therapy through one-year post-initiation or last follow-up. The primary endpoint was the status of PARPi therapy at the end of the study period. Secondary endpoints included time to toxicity, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze all endpoints. Results: Of the 85 patients included in the study, 45 (53%) received olaparib, 24 (28%) niraparib, and 16 (19%) rucaparib. Twenty-nine patients (34%) continued on PARPi therapy, 16 (19%) discontinued the due toxicity, and 40 (47%) discontinued due to progression. Of 147 unique toxicities, 67 (46%) were GI-related, 48 (33%) were hematologic, and 32 (22%) were other toxicities, including fatigue, elevated serum creatinine, hypertension, and rash. Twenty-three percent of all toxicities were categorized as grade 3 or 4 per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. The median number of management strategies required for GI toxicities was 1 (range 1-7), hematologic toxicities was 2 (1-8), and fatigue was 1.5 (1-4). Primary management strategies included pharmacologic therapy (96%) for GI toxicities; transfusion support (65%), holding PARPi therapy (67%), and dose reduction (52%) for hematologic toxicities; and dose reduction (78%) for fatigue. Hospital admission due to PARPi toxicity occurred in 12% of patients. The median time to toxicity was 29 days (1-330) and the median time to discontinuation due to toxicity was 72.5 days (9-353). Fifty-four patients (64%) had progression of disease and 18 (21%) died within one-year of initiation. Median PFS was 181 days and median OS was 338 days, censored for time to last follow-up. Conclusions: This observational study outlines the incidence of PARPi toxicity and some of the management strategies within an academic health system, further guiding practitioners in an area with limited information.
21
Chiminazzo, Marco Antonio, Leonardo Pazzini Vieira, Diego Alves Pereira, Renon Santos Andrade, Thiago Bernardes Fernandes Jorge, and Walnir Gomes Ferreira Júnior. "EXPEDIÇÃO IFSULDEMINAS: VALORIZANDO AS CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS LOCAIS NA EXTENSÃO." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA 9, no. 1 (April 11, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24317/2358-0399.2018v9i1.7571.
Full textAbstract:
O programa EXPEDIÇÃO IFSULDEMINAS foi criado em 2016 e é executado anualmente com o objetivo de estimular o desenvolvimento de diferentes áreas em comunidades sul-mineiras por intermédio da extensão universitária. Dentre os conjuntos temáticos que abrangem os objetivos do programa, pode-se citar a valorização da cultura do cidadão local, o cooperativismo e a gestão e educação ambiental em nível regional. Logo, relatamos nesse artigo a experiência dos autores em dois projetos contemplados pelo programa, sendo desenvolvidos nas cidades sul-mineiras de Luminárias em 2016 e Cássia em 2017. Para tanto, foram analisadas as atividades desenvolvidas com caráter de conservação e conscientização ambiental, que possuíam o intuito de atrelar o meio ambiente com as necessidades sociais de forma menos prejudiciais à natureza. As atividades possuíam cunho teórico-prático, como a construção de fossa séptica em comunidade rural, a implantação de horta medicinal em uma creche municipal e um mutirão de recolhimento de resíduos sólidos nas residências. Foram realizadas, também, aulas públicas e oficinas com temas relacionados ao meio ambiente, recursos hídricos no ecoturismo, qualidade hídrica, recursos sustentáveis na agricultura e importância das matas ciliares. Aproximadamente 900 pessoas foram beneficiadas, como alunos, professores e gestores de escolas públicas, profissionais do Programa Saúde da Família e pequenos agricultores do município. O trabalho evidenciou que a extensão universitária em nível local pode ser uma alternativa viável à disseminação de informações relacionadas à temática ambiental, além de permitir maior contato entre universidade e comunidade e contribuir para a formação cidadã dos extensionistas.
Palavras-chave: Educação Ambiental, Comunidade, Sustentabilidade
“Expedição IFSULDEMINAS”: valuing the local socio-environmental characteristics in the extension
Abstract: The program “Expedição IFSULDEMINAS” was created in 2016 and is executed annually with the aim of stimulating the development of different areas in communities from the south of the state of Minas Gerais through the university extension. Among the thematic groups that cover the objectives of the program, we can cite, beyond others, the appreciation of the culture of the local citizen, the cooperativism and the environmental education and its management at the regional level. Therefore, we relate in this article the author’s experience in two projects contemplated by the program, being developed at the cities of Luminárias in 2016 and Cássia in 2017, cities of the south of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. For such end, it was analyzed the performed activities from an approach of environmental awareness and its conservation, that had the intention to unite the environment with the social necessities in a way less harmful to nature. The activities had the theoretical-practical essence, like the construction of septic tank in a rural community, the implementation of a medicinal garden in a municipal nursery and a task force to collect solid wastes from residences. It was operated also public classes and workshops on topics related to the environment, hydric resources at ecotourism, water quality and sustainable resources in agriculture and the importance of riparian zones. About 900 people were benefited, as well as students, teachers, professionals from the “Programa Saúde da Família (Family Health Program)” and small farmers. The work showed that university extension at a local level can be a viable alternative to the dissemination of information related to the environmental approach, besides allowing a greater contact between university and community and to contribute to the citizenship of the extensionist students.
Keywords: Environmental Education, Community, Sustainability
“Expedição IFSULDEMINAS”: valorando las características socio ambientales locales en la extensión
Resumen: El programa “Expedição IFSULDEMINAS” fue creado en 2016 y es ejecutado anualmente, con el objetivo de estimular el desarrollo de diferentes áreas en comunidades del sur del estado de Minas Gerais por intermedio de la extensión universitaria. Entre los conjuntos temáticos que abarcan los objetivos del programa, se pueden mencionar, entre otros, la valoración de la cultura del ciudadano local, el cooperativismo y la gestión y la educación ambiental a nivel regional. Así, relatamos en ese artículo la experiencia de los autores en dos proyectos promovidos por el programa, que se desarrollaron en las ciudades de Luminárias en 2016 y Cássia en 2017, ciudades del sur del estado de Minas Gerais. Para tal, se analizaron las actividades desarrolladas con carácter de preservación y concientización ambiental, que tenían el objetivo de unir el medio ambiente a las necesidades sociales de forma menos perjudiciales a la naturaleza. Las actividades tenían carácter teórico-práctico, como la construcción de fosa séptica en comunidad rural, la implementación de un huerto medicinal en una guardería municipal y una movilización comunitaria de recolección de residuos sólidos en las residencias. Se realizaron, también, clases públicas y talleres con temas relacionados al medio ambiente, recursos hídricos en el ecoturismo, calidad hídrica, recursos sustentables en la agricultura, y la importancia de los bosques de ribera. Aproximadamente 900 personas fueron beneficiadas, como estudiantes, profesores y gestores de escuelas públicas, profesionales del “Programa Saúde da Família” y pequeños agricultores de la municipalidad. El trabajo evidenció que la extensión universitaria a nivel local puede ser una alternativa viable a la diseminación de las informaciones relacionadas a la temática ambiental, además de permitir mayor contacto entre universidad y comunidad y contribuir para la formación ciudadana de los extensionistas.
Palabras-clave: Educación Ambiental, Comunidad, Sustentabilidad
22
Steele, C., A. Arnold, K. Gehring, D. Griffin, and J. Savell. "Sorting Beef Subprimals by Ribeye Size at the Packer Level to Maximize Utility and Product Uniformity in Foodservice and Retail Sectors." Meat and Muscle Biology 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.22175/mmb.10676.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesTo determine the impact of sorting beef carcasses at the packer level by ribeye area, instead of sorting subprimals by weight, to provide more consistent products for the end user via foodservice and retail channelsMaterials and MethodsInstrument grading technology was used to select 100 USDA Choice, yield grade 2 or 3 sides, and 100 USDA Select, yield grade 2 or 3 sides. Carcass sides were sorted into one of five ribeye area (REA) categories, as outlined in Tabsle 6.USDA Choice carcass sides were fabricated to remove beef rib, ribeye, lip-on (IMPS 112A) and beef loin, strip loin, boneless (IMPS 180) from each USDA Choice. Beef loin, tenderloin, full, side muscle on, partially defatted (IMPS 189B) subprimals were procured from each USDA Select side. Subprimals were weighed, trimmed to specification, and passed through a 3-D visual analysis portioning machine and to obtain scan data for a variety of portioning outcomes generated by simulation software.ResultsBased on input from our foodservice collaborators, 1.25 inches (3.18 cm) was identified, for ribeye and strip loin steaks, as the targeted optimal thickness to meet consumer expectations. After evaluation of multiple portioning outcomes, it was determined that a 14.00-ounce (396.89 g) portion, for each REA category, most consistently delivered the preferred steak thickness identified previously. REA categories 1 and 2 most frequently produced desirable thickness and portion weight outcomes in ribeye and strip loin steaks. Statistical analysis of number of portions per subprimal stratified by portion weight and portion thickness revealed differences (P < 0.05) across all REA area categories in both ribeyes and strip loins. As portion weight and thickness increased, steak portion number tended to decrease. In tenderloins, an optimal steak thickness of 1.75 to 2.00 in (4.45 to 5.08 cm) was identified as optimal. Most frequently, 8, 9, and 10-ounce (226.80, 255.15, and 283.50 g) portions met the targets for optimal portion weight and thickness parameters. For tenderloins, number of portions by portion weight showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in all ribeye area categories with the exception of 7-ounces (198.45 g) and showed no differences when stratified by portion thickness. In this investigation, USDA Choice carcasses (r = 0.76) and USDA Select carcasses (r = 0.56) expressed moderate correlation between REA area and hot carcass weight.ConclusionResults of the present study suggest strip loin, ribeye, and tenderloin subprimals from carcasses possessing a ribeye area ranging from 74.8 cm2 to 87.1 cm2 offered the greatest level of utility when portioned for use in foodservice and retail sectors. Further research is warranted to continue examining the merit of sorting carcasses by ribeye area at the packer level, but results of this study suggest that there is potential for improved consistency and utility of subprimals in the foodservice and retail sectors.Table 6.Ribeye area (REA) categories and associated acceptable REA ranges.
23
Heiderscheit, Katie J., and Stephanie L. Hansen. "Effect of rumen-protected lysine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma amino acid profile in feedlot steers." Translational Animal Science 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa128.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate growth performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma amino acid profiles of feedlot steers fed rumen-protected Lys. Forty-two Angus-cross steers (304 ± 25 kg) were blocked by weight and fed treatment diets for 180 d (growing days 0 to 55; finishing days 56 to 180): 1) Lys-deficient diet (CON; n = 12 steers), 2) Lys-adequate diet containing soybean meal (POS; n = 12 steers), or 3) Lys-deficient diet plus supplemental rumen-protected Lys (RPL; AjiPro-L; Ajinomoto Animal Nutrition North America, Eddyville, IA; n = 18 steers). Consecutive day bodyweights (BWs) were recorded to begin and end growing and finishing. Individual steer dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded. Blood was collected on days 0, 56, and 179 for analysis of physiological free amino acids. Steers were harvested on day 180 and carcass characteristics were recorded. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS 9.4. Steer was the experimental unit and treatment was the fixed effect for all parameters. Block was a fixed effect for growth performance, feed intake, and carcass data. The day 0 value for each parameter of physiological free amino acids was used as a covariate during analysis. The CON steers had greater BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed (G:F) at the end of growing (day 56; P ≤ 0.05) vs. POS and RPL. The CON steers also had greater final BW (P = 0.04) and overall ADG (P = 0.04) than RPL, while POS was intermediate. Carcass characteristics were not different across treatments [hot carcass weight, dressing percent, ribeye area, back fat, kidney/pelvic/heart (KPH) percent, marbling, or calculated yield grade; P ≥ 0.13]. Plasma urea N was greater in POS steers on days 56 and 179 (P ≤ 0.04). Plasma Lys and Arg concentrations were greater in POS at day 56 (P ≤ 0.02); however, there was no difference among treatments for these two variables at day 179 (P ≥ 0.44). Steers in all treatments had greater DMI than predicted, causing a negative metabolizable Lys balance for all treatments during growing. Though the metabolizable Lys balance was positive for POS and RPL-fed steers during finishing, the increased metabolizable Lys in these treatments may have decreased performance if other amino acids were imbalanced due to increased intakes.
24
Hatch, Rachel V., Sweta U. Patel, Christine Cambareri, Tanya Uritsky, and Lainie P. Martin. "Evaluation of the management of PARP inhibitor toxicities in ovarian and endometrial cancer within a multi-institution health-system." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, June 17, 2021, 107815522110247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10781552211024728.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have become a cornerstone of therapy in the management ovarian cancer and other cancers. PARPi are associated with significant toxicities and management strategies are primarily founded on clinical trial experience. This study aimed to provide an evaluation of patients receiving PARPi therapy within an academic health-system. Methods A retrospective, observational study of adult patients with gynecologic malignancy was conducted at the University of Pennsylvania Health System. Data was collected on patients prescribed a PARPi between December 2014 and October 2019. The primary endpoint was the status of PARPi therapy at the end of the study period. Key secondary endpoints included toxicity management strategies, time to discontinuation due to toxicity, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Of the 85 patients included, 45 (53%) received olaparib, 24 (28%) niraparib, and 16 (19%) rucaparib. Twenty-nine patients (34%) continued on therapy, 15 (18%) discontinued due to toxicity, and 41 (48%) discontinued due to progression. Fifty-one percent of patients required a dose reduction due to toxicities. The median time to discontinuation due to toxicity was 69 days (9-353). Median PFS was 181 days (9-365) and median OS was 338 days (9-365). Conclusion PARPi therapy is associated with numerous toxicities that are best managed through a multi-modal approach. Importantly, about half the patients in the current study required a dose reduction. Overall, this observational study outlines the incidence of PARPi toxicities and reviews potential management strategies, further guiding practitioners in an area with limited real-world experience.
25
Krause, T. R., E. R. Moore, J. Duggin, J. R. Segers, and T. D. Pringle. "The Impact of Selection using Residual Average Daily Gain and Marbling EPDs on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Angus Steers." Meat and Muscle Biology 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.22175/mmb.10749.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesProfitability in the beef industry has narrow margins regulated by revenue from output traits like growth and carcass merit, but profitability is also largely impacted by input expenses like feed costs. Selecting for improvements in feed efficiency during the finishing phase, one of the most feed intensive segments of the industry, can help to mitigate those input costs. This study compared growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, and carcass characteristics in Angus steers (n = 321) from bulls divergently selected for feed efficiency and marbling.Materials and MethodsAngus sires were selected based on high (10th percentile or better) and low (85th percentile or worse) residual average daily gain (RADG) EPD as well as high (fifth percentile or better) and average (near 50th percentile) marbling (MARB) EPD. These criteria resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial design with four breeding lines: high RADG/high MARB, high RADG/average MARB, low RADG/high MARB, low RADG/average MARB. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS with RADG and MARB as main effects. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Generation was also analyzed, where generation one (GEN1) steers were from a selected sire while generation two (GEN2) steers were from a selected sire and a selected dam.ResultsUltrasound and carcass data revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in 12th rib backfat thickness from weaning through slaughter for the RADG EPD groups. Yield grade and dressing percent did not differ (P ≥ 0.56) across RADG or MARB groups. At the beginning and end of the feeding trial, the high RADG (P ≤ 0.02) group had larger ultrasound ribeye area (REA) than the low RADG group. Carcass REA tended (P = 0.08) to be larger in the high versus low RADG steers. During the feedlot trial and through slaughter, body weight was heavier (P ≤ 0.006) for the high versus low RADG steers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.44) across MARB EPD. Feed efficiency measures did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB groups apart from the tendency (P = 0.08) for residual feed intake to be lower in the high versus low RADG steers. Marbling scores differed (P ≤ 0.04) across RADG and MARB groups with the low RADG steers and the high MARB steers having improved marbling. The quality grade distribution across MARB EPD revealed that the average MARB steers graded 73% Choice and 25% Prime while the high MARB steers graded 56% and 42%, respectively. Slice shear force did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB EPD. Body weights tended (P = 0.06) to be heavier at the start of the feeding trial for GEN1 versus GEN2 steers. Total gain, average daily gain, and feed to gain (F:G) differed by generation (P ≤ 0.007) with increased rates of gain and reduced F:G in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers. Body weights did not differ (P = 0.72) across GEN at the end of the feeding trial. Backfat thickness at the start and end of the feedlot phase was less (P ≤ 0.03) and marbling score was improved (P = 0.02) in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers, respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that selection using RADG EPD has negligible impacts on meat quality; and that progress in selection for efficiency can be achieved while advancing carcass quality and value. Furthermore, continued divergent selection for feed efficiency and marbling has the potential to improve feed efficiency through advancements in the rate of gain, while enhancing carcass merit through marbling.
26
Mckee, R. W., D. D. Harmon, D. W. Hancock, L. Stewart, W. M. Sims, M. Rigdon, C. L. Thomas, and A. M. Stelzleni. "Evaluation of Pearl Millet With and Without Soybean Hull Supplementation for Forage-Finished Beef Production Systems." Meat and Muscle Biology 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.22175/mmb.10727.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesThe objective of this research was to evaluate pearl millet, a warm-season annual grass, with and without soybean hull supplementation for forage-finished beef production systems in the Southeast.Materials and MethodsEach year, 32 Angus-crossbred steers (339 ± 40 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four finishing treatments. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial and included two varieties of pearl millet, ‘Tifleaf 3’ (PM) and ‘Exceed’ brown mid-rib (BMR), and two levels of soybean hull supplementation, 0 and 0.75% of body weight d–1. Steers were on treatments for 90 and 84 d during the summers of 2017 and 2018, respectively, at the University of Georgia Department of Animal and Dairy Science Beef Research Unit located near Eatonton, GA. Shrunk weights were taken at initiation and termination of the finishing period and average daily gains (ADG) were calculated. At the end of the finishing period, steers were harvested under USDA inspection and carcass data was collected 24 h postmortem from the right side of each carcass. Striploins were then removed from the right side, vacuum packed, and allowed to age for 21 d prior to fabrication. Striploins were fabricated into 2.54-cm steaks and allocated to meats proximate (n = 1), 0 through 7 d of simulated shelf life (n = 8), trained sensory panel (n = 2), and instrumental tenderness analyses (n = 2). All data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS v. 9.4.ResultsSupplementation increased ADG over forage alone (P < 0.01) however, hot carcass weights were increased by supplementation in the PM steers only (P < 0.05). No treatment differences were observed for marbling score (P = 0.61), overall maturity (P = 0.49), 12th rib fat thickness (P = 0.21), ribeye area (P = 0.1668), and subjective fat color (P = 0.93). Objective carcass lean color values for L* and subjective lean color scores were different (P < 0.05). Treatment effects were also observed for carcass lean maturity scores (P < 0.05). No treatment differences were observed for meats proximate analysis (P > 0.05), instrumental tenderness as measured by Warner-Bratzler shear force (P = 0.94), initial and sustained tenderness (P = 0.66 and P = 0.29, respectively), beef and off-flavor intensities (P = 0.83 and P = 0.36, respectively), or juiciness (P = 0.54) as measured by a trained sensory panel. No treatment differences (P > 0.05) were observed for lipid oxidation or color change (Delta E) within any day of simulated shelf life. Calculated values for hue, chroma, and redness were unaffected (P > 0.05) by treatment within day of simulated shelf life.ConclusionResults indicate pearl millet is a viable forage option for forage-finished beef systems and soybean hull supplementation improves animal performance over forage alone with minimal impacts on carcass characteristics, meat quality, and shelf life.
27
Chen, Hui, Jin Tao, Jingcheng Wang, and Lianqi Yan. "Artesunate prevents knee intraarticular adhesion via PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) signal pathway." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 14, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13018-019-1445-x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Intraarticular scar adhesion refers to a serious complication caused by knee surgery or trauma, leading to various sequelae (e.g., articular cartilage degeneration and knee joint stiffness). Artesunate (ART) has exhibited an effect to suppress fibroblast proliferation, whereas the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to delve into the possible mechanism of ART in suppressing joint adhesion. Methods The effect of ART on reduced intraarticular adhesions was ascertained by histological staining and immunohistochemical analysis through vivo experiments. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and tunnel staining were used to detect the effect of ART in promoting fibroblast apoptosis and delve into its possible signaling pathway. Results The results of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining suggested that the number of fibroblasts decreased with the increase in ART concentration. The results of Masson staining were similar, with the increase in concentration, the collagen content decreased. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) characteristic proteins 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) increased in a concentration-dependent manner. CCK-8 results suggested that ART could inhibit fibroblast viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Results of flow cytometry, tunnel staining, and Western blot suggested the apoptosis of fibroblasts occurred after ART treatment. Cells with caspase inhibitors were treated, and apoptotic proteins cleaved-poly ADP-ribose polymerase (cleaved PARP) and cleaved-caspase 3 were detected; the results showed that the apoptotic effect of ART was reduced. The expressions of ERS-related protein CHOP and apoptosis-related protein Bax were upregulated, while the expression of Bcl-2 was downregulated, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Continuous detection of PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway-related proteins showed that the expression of p-PERK and phosphorylating eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α) increased in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. PERK pathway inhibitors could partially inhibit ART-mediated apoptosis through PERK pathway. Conclusions ART can promote fibroblast apoptosis through PERK pathway, a classical ERS pathway, and thus prevent fibrosis in the surgical area after joint surgery.