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1
Ebbole, Daniel J., Janna L. Beckerman, R. S. Zeigler, S. A. Leong, and P. S. Teng. "Rice Blast Disease." Mycologia 88, no. 3 (1996): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760894.
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Oerke, E. C. "Rice blast disease." Agricultural Systems 51, no. 3 (1996): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(96)86783-7.
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Kato, Hajime. "Rice blast disease." Pesticide Outlook 12, no. 1 (2001): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b100803j.
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Dadley-Moore, Davina. "Understanding rice blast disease." Nature Reviews Microbiology 4, no. 5 (2006): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1422.
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Sahu, Parmeshwar K., Richa Sao, Devendra K. Choudhary, et al. "Advancement in the Breeding, Biotechnological and Genomic Tools towards Development of Durable Genetic Resistance against the Rice Blast Disease." Plants 11, no. 18 (2022): 2386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182386.
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Rice production needs to be sustained in the coming decades, as the changeable climatic conditions are becoming more conducive to disease outbreaks. The majority of rice diseases cause enormous economic damage and yield instability. Among them, rice blast caused by Magnaportheoryzae is a serious fungal disease and is considered one of the major threats to world rice production. This pathogen can infect the above-ground tissues of rice plants at any growth stage and causes complete crop failure under favorable conditions. Therefore, management of blast disease is essentially required to sustain global food production. When looking at the drawback of chemical management strategy, the development of durable, resistant varieties is one of the most sustainable, economic, and environment-friendly approaches to counter the outbreaks of rice blasts. Interestingly, several blast-resistant rice cultivars have been developed with the help of breeding and biotechnological methods. In addition, 146 R genes have been identified, and 37 among them have been molecularly characterized to date. Further, more than 500 loci have been identified for blast resistance which enhances the resources for developing blast resistance through marker-assisted selection (MAS), marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB), and genome editing tools. Apart from these, a better understanding of rice blast pathogens, the infection process of the pathogen, and the genetics of the immune response of the host plant are very important for the effective management of the blast disease. Further, high throughput phenotyping and disease screening protocols have played significant roles in easy comprehension of the mechanism of disease spread. The present review critically emphasizes the pathogenesis, pathogenomics, screening techniques, traditional and molecular breeding approaches, and transgenic and genome editing tools to develop a broad spectrum and durable resistance against blast disease in rice. The updated and comprehensive information presented in this review would be definitely helpful for the researchers, breeders, and students in the planning and execution of a resistance breeding program in rice against this pathogen.
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Chung, Hyunjung, Da Gyeong Jeong, Ji-Hyun Lee, et al. "Outbreak of Rice Blast Disease at Yeoju of Korea in 2020." Plant Pathology Journal 38, no. 1 (2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.nt.08.2021.0130.
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Rice blast is the most destructive disease threatening stable rice production in rice-growing areas. Cultivation of disease-resistant rice cultivars is the most effective way to control rice blast disease. However, the rice blast resistance is easy to breakdown within years by blast fungus that continually changes to adapt to new cultivars. Therefore, it is important to continuously monitor the incidence of rice blast disease and race differentiation of rice blast fungus in fields. In 2020, a severe rice blast disease occurred nationwide in Korea. We evaluated the incidence of rice blast disease in Yeoju and compared the weather conditions at the periods of rice blast disease in 2019 and 2020. We investigated the races and avirulence genes of rice blast isolates in Yeoju to identify race diversity and genetic characteristics of the isolates. This study will provide empirical support for rice blast control and the breeding of blast-resistant rice cultivars.
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Kumar, Vipin, Rashmi Nigam, Raju ., Yachna Gupta, and Gyan Manjri Rao. "Blast disease of basmati rice and its management." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 2, no. 01 (2017): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2017.2.1.20.
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Basmati rice is an important staple food grain crop in the world. Basmati rice is an important export commodity among the food grains. The biotic and abiotic factors are adversely affected the Basmati rice but Basmati rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara (synonym Pyricularia grisea Sacc). The anamorph of Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert), is one of the most destructive and wide spread diseases as compared to other diseases of Basmati rice. It causes leaf blast, neck blast and panicle blast of paddy. This disease generally causes yield loss of 10-20 percent but in severe cases yield loss may reach up to 80 percent. Management of blast disease using healthy seed, resistance varieties, many biological controls like as T. harzianum, T. viride and P. fluorescens @10g/kg by seed treatment and foliar spray. The chemical control by fungicides such as carbendazim, tricyclazole, isoprothilane, tebuconazole, hexaconazole reduced leaf but not neck blast; on the contrary, tricyclazole was effective against neck blast and panicle blast.
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Sudiarta, I. Putu, I. Komang Candra Giri Prayoga, I. Gede Rai Maya Temaja, Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta Wirya, Masahiro Shishido, and Chiharu Hongo. "The Observation of Blast Disease and Its Effect to Rice Yield Using Existing Assessment Method to Support the Indonesian Agriculture Insurance." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 15, no. 2 (2021): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2021.v15.i02.p15.
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One of the causes for the low productivity of rice in Indonesia is the occurrence of rice blast disease. Blast disease is one of the main diseases of rice plants around the world. Therefore to minimise the risk of the lost yield by blast disease, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia has the agriculture insurance program. To support these program, the research about observations of blast disease in a fixed location are needed. The objective this research is to confirm pathogens causing the blast disease in the fields, to determine the development of blast disease and its effect to the rice yield (grain weight and straw weight). The study was conducted in a fixed paddy field at Subak Uma Dalem, Sobangan Village, Mengwi District, Badung Regency, Bali Province from February 2019 to April 2019. The data showed that the disease incidence of rice blast increased every week starting from 1st week (28 DAT) until 10th week (104 ATP). Our study confirmed that the fungus caused the blast disease in the field was Magnaporthe oryzae. The higher incidence of blast disease in the field resulted reduced the rice yield by decreasing both grain and straw weights.
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Liu, Yan, Xinshuai Qi, Dave R. Gealy, Kenneth M. Olsen, Ana L. Caicedo, and Yulin Jia. "QTL Analysis for Resistance to Blast Disease in U.S. Weedy Rice." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 7 (2015): 834–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-14-0386-r.
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Understanding the genetic architecture of adaptation is of great importance in evolutionary biology. U.S. weedy rice is well adapted to the local conditions in U.S. rice fields. Rice blast disease is one of the most destructive diseases of cultivated rice worldwide. However, information about resistance to blast in weedy rice is limited. Here, we evaluated the disease reactions of 60 U.S. weedy rice accessions with 14 blast races, and investigated the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with blast resistance in two major ecotypes of U.S. weedy rice. Our results revealed that U.S. weedy rice exhibited a broad resistance spectrum. Using genotyping by sequencing, we identified 28 resistance QTL in two U.S. weedy rice ecotypes. The resistance QTL with relatively large and small effects suggest that U.S. weedy rice groups have adapted to blast disease using two methods, both major resistance (R) genes and QTL. Three genomic loci shared by some of the resistance QTL indicated that these loci may contribute to no-race-specific resistance in weedy rice. Comparing with known blast disease R genes, we found that the R genes at these resistance QTL are novel, suggesting that U.S. weedy rice is a potential source of novel blast R genes for resistant breeding.
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Eka Kusumawati, Dian, and Istiqomah Istiqomah. "POTENSI AGENSIA HAYATI DALAM MENEKAN LAJU SERANGAN PENYAKIT BLAS (Pyricularia oryzae) PADA TANAMAN PADI." VIABEL: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 14, no. 2 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/viabel.v14i2.1235.
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Blast disease is an important disease that affects many rice plants. Blasts can damage rice leaves (leaf blasts), nodes (node blasts), neck blasts, colar blasts and rice grains. Symptoms on the leaves are rhombic-shaped spots with a tapered tip. The center of the patch is gray surrounded by brown to reddish brown on the edge of the spot. The color of the spots at the beginning of the symptoms is white or gray, surrounded by green-brown. Based on market demand, agricultural products that are safe and healthy for consumers as well as environmentally friendly are increasing, therefore controlling plant pathogens by using antagonistic microorganisms is one of the ways that must be considered. A number of microbes have been widely tested and are quite effective in controlling plant pathogens. PGPR and Streptomyces are biological agents that are able to reduce the level of attack of plant diseases, especially in rice blast disease. This study used a comparative method between rice cultivation and biological agent applications and rice cultivation without biological agents or control plant applications. The results obtained indicate that the application of biological agents can reduce the percentage of disease severity, reduce the percentage of infected leaves, the biological agents are also able to extend the incubation period, increase plant height growth, number of tillers and also the number of grains per panicle.
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El-Kholy,, R., and A. El-Shazly. "INTEGRATED CONTROL OF RICE BLAST DISEASE." Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 31, no. 2 (2006): 1071–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jppp.2006.235171.
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Sriwanna, Kittakorn. "Weather-based rice blast disease forecasting." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 193 (February 2022): 106685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.106685.
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HAMER, J. E. "Molecular Probes for Rice Blast Disease." Science 252, no. 5006 (1991): 632–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.252.5006.632.
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Ma, Lu, Yao Yu, Changqing Li, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Rice Panicle Blast Resistance Gene Pb3 Encoding NLR Protein." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (2022): 14032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214032.
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Rice blast is a worldwide fungal disease that seriously affects the yield and quality of rice. Identification of resistance genes against rice blast disease is one of the effective ways to control this disease. However, panicle blast resistance genes, which are useful in the fields, have rarely been studied due to the difficulty in phenotypic identification and the environmental influences. Here, panicle blast resistance-3 (Pb3) was identified by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on the panicle blast resistance phenotypes of 230 Rice Diversity Panel I (RDP-I) accessions with 700,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 16 panicle blast resistance loci (PBRLs) within three years including one repeated locus PBRL3 located in chromosome 11 were identified. In addition, 7 genes in PBRL3 were identified as candidate genes by haplotype analysis, which showed significant differences between resistant and susceptible varieties. Among them, one nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich Repeat (NLR) gene Pb3 was highly conserved in multiple resistant rice cultivars, and its expression was significantly induced after rice blast inoculation. Evolutionary analysis showed that Pb3 was a typical disease resistance gene containing coiled-coil, NB-ARC, and LRR domains. T-DNA insertion mutants and CRISPR lines of Pb3 showed significantly reduced panicle blast resistance. These results indicate that Pb3 is a panicle blast resistance gene and GWAS is a rapid method for identifying panicle blast resistance in rice.
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Shi, Jun, Deqiang Li, Yan Li, et al. "Identification of rice blast resistance genes in the elite hybrid rice restorer line Yahui2115." Genome 58, no. 3 (2015): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0005.
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Rice blast, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most serious rice diseases worldwide. We previously developed an elite hybrid rice restorer line with high resistance to rice blast, Yahui2115 (YH2115). To identify the blast resistance genes in YH2115, we first performed expression profiling on previously reported blast resistance genes and disease assay on monogenic lines, and we found that Pi2, Pi9, and Pikm were the most likely resistance candidates in YH2115. Furthermore, RNA interference and linkage analysis demonstrated that silencing of Pi2 reduced the blast resistance of YH2115 and a Pi2 linkage marker was closely associated with blast resistance in an F2 population generated from YH2115. These data suggest that the broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi2 contributes greatly to the blast resistance of YH2115. Thus, YH2115 could be used as a new germplasm to facilitate rice blast resistance breeding in hybrid rice breeding programs.
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Song, Sungmin, Hyunjung Chung, Kwang-Hyung Kim, and Ki-Tae Kim. "Analysis of Rice Blast Outbreaks in Korea through Text Mining." Research in Plant Disease 28, no. 3 (2022): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2022.28.3.113.
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Rice blast is a major plant disease that occurs worldwide and significantly reduces rice yields. Rice blast disease occurs periodically in Korea, causing significant socio-economic damage due to the unique status of rice as a major staple crop. A disease outbreak prediction system is required for preventing rice blast disease. Epidemiological investigations of disease outbreaks can aid in decision-making for plant disease management. Currently, plant disease prediction and epidemiological investigations are mainly based on quantitatively measurable, structured data such as crop growth and damage, weather, and other environmental factors. On the other hand, text data related to the occurrence of plant diseases are accumulated along with the structured data. However, epidemiological investigations using these unstructured data have not been conducted. The useful information extracted using unstructured data can be used for more effective plant disease management. This study analyzed news articles related to the rice blast disease through text mining to investigate the years and provinces where rice blast disease occurred most in Korea. Moreover, the average temperature, total precipitation, sunshine hours, and supplied rice varieties in the regions were also analyzed. Through these data, it was estimated that the primary causes of the nationwide outbreak in 2020 and the major outbreak in Jeonbuk region in 2021 were meteorological factors. These results obtained through text mining can be combined with deep learning technology to be used as a tool to investigate the epidemiology of rice blast disease in the future.
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Skamnioti, Pari, and Sarah J. Gurr. "Against the grain: safeguarding rice from rice blast disease." Trends in Biotechnology 27, no. 3 (2009): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.12.002.
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Zeleke, Tekalign, Muluadam Birhan, and Wubneh Ambachew. "Survey and Identification of Rice Diseases in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 58 (August 15, 2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.58.123.131.
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Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, respectively. Rice diseases; Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Sheath Blight, Bacterial blight, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut, Downy mildew were identified in 2016 cropping season and nine rice diseases: Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Neck Blast, Node blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut were identified in 2017. The overall mean prevalence of sheath rot and sheath brown rot diseases were above 60%, while the others had prevalence below 21%. The incidences and severities of these two diseases were higher than the other diseases implying that both diseases were important. In the present studies many rice diseases were recorded in lowland ecosystem as compared to upland ecosystem. From the assessment X-jigna cultivar was more susceptible to rice disease and followed by Gumera. The results indicate that a sheath rot, and sheath brown rot, were important across the districts and years. Loss assessment studies should be initiated in order to know the yield damage caused by the diseases.
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Asibi, Aziiba Emmanuel, Qiang Chai, and Jeffrey A. Coulter. "Rice Blast: A Disease with Implications for Global Food Security." Agronomy 9, no. 8 (2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080451.
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Rice blast is a serious fungal disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that is threatening global food security. It has been extensively studied due to the importance of rice production and consumption, and because of its vast distribution and destructiveness across the world. Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara 1892 (A), can infect aboveground tissues of rice plants at any growth stage and cause total crop failure. The pathogen produces lesions on leaves (leaf blast), leaf collars (collar blast), culms, culm nodes, panicle neck nodes (neck rot), and panicles (panicle blast), which vary in color and shape depending on varietal resistance, environmental conditions, and age. Understanding how rice blast is affected by environmental conditions at the cellular and genetic level will provide critical insight into incidence of the disease in future climates for effective decision-making and management. Integrative strategies are required for successful control of rice blast, including chemical use, biocontrol, selection of advanced breeding lines and cultivars with resistance genes, investigating genetic diversity and virulence of the pathogen, forecasting and mapping distribution of the disease and pathogen races, and examining the role of wild rice and weeds in rice blast epidemics. These tactics should be integrated with agronomic practices including the removal of crop residues to decrease pathogen survival, crop and land rotations, avoiding broadcast planting and double cropping, water management, and removal of yield-limiting factors for rice production. Such an approach, where chemical use is based on crop injury and estimated yield and economic losses, is fundamental for the sustainable control of rice blast to improve rice production for global food security.
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Hashim, Ibrahim, Delphina P. Mamiro, Robert B. Mabagala, and Tadele Tefera. "Smallholder Farmers’ Knowledge, Perception and Management of Rice Blast Disease in Upland Rice Production in Tanzania." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 7 (2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n7p137.
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The objective of this paper was to investigate farmers’ knowledge and management of rice blast disease in Tanzania. Farmers’ household survey was conducted in five districts namely Mvomero, Morogoro rural, Ulanga, Korogwe and Muheza in April and May 2017. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaire and observations made through transect walks across selected villages. Farmers observed symptoms of rice blast disease for the first time in the past 3 to 10 years, with higher severity of blast disease in April to May each year. About 46.3% of the respondents were not aware of the cause and spread of rice blast disease. About 39.9% of the respondents associated rice blast disease with drought, high rainfall and temperature (8.7%) and soil fertility problems (5.1%). About 18.7% of the farmers reported burning of crop residues, 17.0% use of ash, 4.0% use of nitrogen fertilizer and 6.3% application of fungicide for management of rice blast disease. The majority (54.0%) of farmers did not apply any management method. Most farmers planted local upland rice varieties, with only 7.7% using improved varieties. About 69.6% of the respondents shared information on disease management among themselves. Lack of knowledge, ability to afford and unavailability of effective blast disease control methods were reported to affect the management of the disease. Strengthening the capacity of farmers to identify the disease and proper management practices will sustainably solve the problem of rice blast disease in upland rice production.
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Naik, M. Vinod Kumar, P. Madhusudhan, Lakshminarayana Vemireddy, et al. "Screening of Rice Germplasm against blast disease for Identification of Resistant Sources." Journal of Phytopharmacology 10, no. 2 (2021): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2021.10212.
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Rice Leaf Blast disease is caused by means of Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the major biotic stresses of rice in India. To find the leaf blast resistance sources in rice accessions, an open field investigation was carried in natural and artificial epiphytotic form during rabi seasons in 2018 and 2019. A total of 97 rice genotypes including resistant check (Tetep) and susceptible check (NLR34242 and BPT5204) were grown, in uniform blast nursery (UBN). Rice Leaf blast disease severity assessment was scored according to 0-9 scale. Among rice genotypes,21.6 % were resistant, 29.8 % moderately resistant, 21.6 % moderately susceptible, 29.8 % susceptible and 16.4 % were highly susceptible during rabi 2018 whereas only 18.5 % resistant 29.8 % moderately resistant,15.4 % moderately susceptible and 23 % were susceptible and 12.37 % to rice leaf blast disease during rabi 2019. As per result, these resistant accessions with required agronomical traits can be used in leaf blast resistance breeding program as donor parent for the development of leaf blast resistant varieties in rice.
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Amayo, R., Teddy Oparok, Jimmy Lamo, Silue Drissa, Richard Edema, and Geoffrey Tusiime. "Rice Blast Prevalence in Smallholder Rice Farmlands in Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 10 (2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n10p105.
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Rice blast disease remains the most important contributor to low and stagnated rice yields in Uganda. However, the role of the smallholder farming system in shaping the prevalence of the disease in the country is not known. In 2015B and 2016A, we surveyed smallholder rice farmlands in 27 districts of Uganda and recorded blast incidence, severity, and symptoms expression. Infected rice samples taken from the infected plants were sub-cultured on PDA media to confirm the pathogen and obtain isolates for the establishment of a core collection for breeding work. Rice blast prevalence in the districts varied from 50-100% and the national average stood at 72.61%, higher than that recorded five years ago. Mean incidence and severity varied significantly (< 0.001) with the highest incidence (96.8%) recorded in Luwero district and the least (21.3%) was recorded in the Amuru district. However, the eastern region recorded the highest average incidence (74.5%) followed by the central, the northern, and Mid-western regions. In the rice ecologies, the highest blast incidence was recorded in the rain-fed lowland rice (72.18%) followed by irrigated lowland (59.53%) and rain-fed upland rice (47.27%). This is the first report on the prevalence of blast in smallholder rice farmlands in Uganda and showed a higher prevalence of the disease.
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Suwandi, Suwandi, Harman Hamidson, and Ahmad Muslim. "Penekanan Penyakit Blas Leher Malai Padi Menggunakan Ekstrak Kompos Jerami Padi." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 12, no. 3 (2016): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.12.3.104.
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Blast is the most important disease of rice and may cause significant losses in the reclaimed tidal swamp of South Sumatra. Water extracts of fermented composts prepared from straws of the vigorous rice plant were tested in pot experiment for their ability to control blast. Rice variety Ciherang was grown on mixture of field soil and 1% diseased rice straw (v/v) collected from a tidal swamp rice field. Incidence of panicle blast was reduced by 71−87% in response to application of compost extract. The compost extract did not affect seed germination and plant height, instead, it increased the yield. The rice straw from healthy and vigorous plants is potential as a source for blast disease control.
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Andika, I. Made Prasetia Candra, I. Made Anom Sutrisna Wijaya, and Ida Bagus Putu Gunadnya. "Pendugaan Intensitas Serangan Penyakit Blas pada Tanaman Padi Melalui Pendekatan Citra NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)." Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) 7, no. 2 (2019): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jbeta.2019.v07.i02.p09.
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Penyakit blas merupakan salah satu penyakit yang berbahaya bagi tanaman padi. Penyakit ini bisa menyerang di setiap fase pertumbuhan. Perhitungan intensitas serangan penyakit blas saat ini masih dilakukan secara manual. Diperlukan pengembangan teknologi dalam pendugaan intensitas serangan penyakit blas melalui citra NDVI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) untuk mendapatkan ketinggian foto udara NDVI terbaik, (2) untuk mendapatkan umur tanaman padi dengan intensitas serangan penyakit blas tertinggi, (3) untuk mendapatkan hubungan antara intensitas serangan penyakit blas dengan nilai NDVI tanaman padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Drone DJI Phantom 4 dengan lensa NDVI. Pengolahan data menggunakan Web Drone Deploy dan software Arc Gis 10.3. Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis, detail terbaik dari pembesaran 200% mendapatkan akuisisi ketinggian dari citra NDVI adalah 20 meter dengan ukuran piksel 1,4732 cm/pixel. Pertumbuhan intensitas serangan penyakit blas tertinggi terjadi pada umur 98 hari setelah tanam. Hubungan antara intensitas serangan penyakit blas dengan nilai NDVI memiliki koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,986. Persamaan regresi didapatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah y = -23345x3 + 21191x2- 6416,8x + 665,07 dengan akurasi sebesar sebesar 91,74%.
 
 Blast is one of disease that is dangerous for rice plants. This disease can attack in every phase of growth. Calculation of the intensity of blast disease attacks is still done manually. Technology development is needed in estimating the intensity of blast disease attacks through NDVI imagery. This study purpose (1) to get the best NDVI aerial photo altitude, (2) to get the age of rice plants with the highest attack intensity of blast disease, (3) to get a relationship between the intensity of blast disease and the NDVI value of rice plants. This study use Drone DJI Phantom 4 with lens NDVI. Processing data using Web Drone Deploying and Arc Gis 10.3 software. Based on the analysis results, the best detail of 200% zooming results obtained altitude of the NDVI image acquisition that is 20 m with pixel density of 1,4732 cm/pixel. The highest intensity of blast disease attacks occurs at the age of 98 days after planting. The relationship between the intensity of blast disease and NDVI value has a determination coefficient of 0.986. The regression equation obtained in this study is y = -23345x3 + 21191x2- 6416,8x + 665,07 with an estimated accuracy of 91,74%.
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Herawati, Reny, Siti Herlinda, Dwi Wahyuni Ganefianti, Hendri Bustamam, and Sipriyadi. "Improving Broad Spectrum Blast Resistance by Introduction of the Pita2 Gene: Encoding the NB-ARC Domain of Blast-Resistant Proteins into Upland Rice Breeding Programs." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (2022): 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102373.
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Blast disease is generally more important in upland rather than lowland rice cultivation, representing one of the biotic obstacles in the development of upland rice. The objective of this study was to detect broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pita2 encoding the NB-ARC (nucleotide-binding adaptor common in APAF-1, R proteins, and CED-4) domain of blast-resistant proteins in new upland rice lines from the breeding program for landrace rice varieties, with the goal of providing a novel source of blast-resistant germplasm for application in future upland rice breeding programs. In this study, we screened 19 inbred lines of landrace rice varieties challenged using local virulent isolates in greenhouse conditions and performed field evaluations to confirm blast resistance. Molecular analysis was conducted using six specific primers to detect broad-spectrum blast resistance, and sequence analysis was performed to detect the NB-ARC domain of blast-resistant proteins in the lines. Consistent results were observed between greenhouse screening and field evaluations, although there was variance in the level of resistance. The PCR assay showed that there were eight positive lines (G7, G8, G9, G11, G13, G14, G15, and G18) containing the Pita2 gene. Conserved domain analysis revealed that eight blast-resistant rice lines encode NB-ARC at sequence lengths ranging between 300 and 870 (450 bp). Using these sequences in BLASTX searching revealed 15 gene homologs of the eight rice lines, which were detected as Pita2 genes, with a similarity level of 81–99%. Further comprehensive studies should be performed to confirm the performance and resistance of candidate lines in field trials in various blast-endemic areas before being released as new upland rice varieties able to overcome the problem of blast disease in the field. In addition, the lines can also be used as a novel genetic resource in the blast-resistant upland rice breeding program on various rice cultivars.
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Mohiddin, Fayaz Ahmad, Nazir A. Bhat, Shabir H. Wani, et al. "Combination of Strobilurin and Triazole Chemicals for the Management of Blast Disease in Mushk Budji -Aromatic Rice." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 12 (2021): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121060.
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Rice blast is considered one of the most important fungal diseases of rice. Although diseases can be managed by using resistant cultivars, the blast pathogen has successfully overcome the single gene resistance in a short period and rendered several varieties susceptible to blast which were otherwise intended to be resistant. As such, chemical control is still the most efficient method of disease control for reducing the losses caused due to diseases. Field experiments were conducted over two successive years, 2018 and 2019, in temperate rice growing areas in northern India. All the fungicides effectively reduced leaf blast incidence and intensity, and neck blast incidence under field conditions. Tricyclazole proved most effective against rice blast and recorded a leaf blast incidence of only 8.41%. Among the combinations of fungicides, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole and azoxystrobin + tebuconazole were highly effective, recording a leaf blast incidence of 9.19 and 10.40%, respectively. The chemical combination mancozeb + carbendazim proved less effective in controlling the blast and it recorded a disease incidence of 27.61%. A similar trend was followed in neck blast incidence with tricyclazole, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole, and azoxystrobin + tebuconazole showing the highest levels of blast reductions. It is evident from the current study that the tested fungicide combinations can be used as alternatives to tricyclazole which is facing the challenges of fungicide resistance development and other environmental concerns and has been banned from use in India and other countries. The manuscript may provide a guideline of fungicide application to farmers cultivating susceptible varieties of rice.
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DWIPA, INDRA, AUZAR SYARIF, IRFAN SULIANSYAH, and ETTI SWASTI. "West Sumatra Brown Rice resistance to Brown Planthopper and Blast Disease." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 3 (2018): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190318.
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Dwipa I, Syarif A, Suliansyah I, Swasti E. 2018. West Sumatra Brown Rice resistance to Brown Planthopper and Blast Disease. Biodiversitas 19: 893-898. Brown rice is a highly nutritious rice widely consumed as the carbohydrate substitute of common rice. Brown rice resistance to biotic stress is one of indicators of a superior variety. Our study aimed to analyze the response of several brown rice genotypes from West Sumatra to brown planthopper attack and blast disease. This study comprised two experiments, the resistance assay to brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) and the resistance assay to blast fungi Pyricularia oryzae. The resistance assay to brown planthopper was done using randomized block design experiment with three replicates. Eighteen brown rice genotypes (15 brown rice, 2 black rice, and 1 control genotype) were tested in the assay. From 17 brown and black rice tested, 7 genotypes were resistant and 2 were moderately resistant. For blast resistance analysis, fifteen rice genotypes (13 brown rice and 2 black rice) were used. There was only 1 genotype highly resistant and 3 moderately resistant to blast disease among those 15 brown and black rice.
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Teerasan, Wattanaporn, Ing-on Srikaew, Kritkittisak Phaitreejit, Sureeporn Kate-Ngam, and Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat. "Gene-specific marker screening and disease reaction validation of blast resistant genes, Pid3, Pigm and Pi54 in Thai landrace rice germplasm and recommended rice varieties." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 5 (2019): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000224.
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AbstractRice blast caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice production worldwide. Information on rice varieties with the blast disease resistance gene is important for rice cultivar development. This study identified rice blast resistant genes in 226 rice cultivars including 203 Thai landrace rice cultivars (19 upland rice cultivars from the North, 99 lowland rice cultivars from the Northeast, 45 floating rice cultivars from the Northeast and 40 cultivars from the South), 21 recommended rice varieties and two susceptible varieties ‘KDML105’ and ‘Nipponbare’ by using gene-specific markers for the blast resistant genes Pid3, Pi54 and Pigm. Results showed that 159 cultivars have at least one resistant gene and four cultivars have all three resistant genes. These results indicate that Thai landrace rice is a valuable source of rice blast resistant genes for rice breeding programmes.
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Leiwakabessy, Christoffol, Fahra Inayatri, Edizon Jambormias, Jogeneis Patty, and Rhony E. Ririhena. "Ketahanan Enam Varietas Padi Terhadap Penyakit Blas (Pyricularia oryzea Cav.) pada Lahan Sawah Irigasi dan Sawah Tadah Hujan." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 16, no. 2 (2020): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.2.147.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L) is an economically important carbohydrate-producing plant that ranks second only to wheat. In Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and several other countries, rice is used as a staple food source. The commodity projection is expected in the coming years to grow to reach 70 percent. Blast disease is known as one of the main obstacles in rice cultivation today. Recommended control alternative to the disease was through the utilization of economically beneficial and environmentally friendly resistant varieties. The study used six varieties tested on different cultivated land and designed using a split plot experiment. The results showed that the resistance of the six varieties of rice to blast disease, with the criteria from susceptible to resistance was: Kabir07 (5%) and IPB8G (3%) classified as susceptible, followed by IPB9G 1.8% (moderate resistance), Inpari32 1.8% (moderate resistant), Fas Memeye 1.8% (moderate resistant), and IPB3S 1.2% (resistant). The study found that irrigated rice fields had a higher severity of blast disease than rain-fed rice fields.
 Keywords: blast disease, resistant variety, rice fields irrigated, rice rainfed lowland
 
 ABSTRAK
 Padi (Oryza sativa L) adalah tanaman penghasil karbohidrat penting secara ekonomi yang menempati peringkat kedua setelah gandum. Di Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, dan beberapa negara lain, padi digunakan sebagai sumber makanan pokok. Proyeksi komoditas tersebut diharapkan pada tahun-tahun mendatang tumbuh mencapai 70 persen. Penyakit blas dikenal sebagai salah satu kendala utama dalam budidaya padi saat ini. Alternatif yang direkomendasikan untuk pengendalian terhadap penyakit ini adalah melalui varietas tahan yang bermanfaat secara ekonomi dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi ketahanan enam varietas padi pada lahan padi sawah dan sawah tadah hujan terhadap penyakit blas. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam varietas diuji pada lahan budidaya yang berbeda dan dirancang menggunakan percobaan petak terpisah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat ketahanan keenam varietas padi terhadap penyakit blas, dengan kriteria dari rentan sampai tahan adalah: Kabir07 (5%) dan IPB8G (3%) tergolong rentan, diikuti oleh IPB9G 1,8% (moderat tahan), Inpari32 1,8% (moderat tahan), Fas Memeye 1,8% (moderat tahan), dan IPB3S 1,2% (tahan). Ditemukan bahwa lahan sawah irigasi memiliki keparahan penyakit blas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sawah tadah hujan.
 Kata kunci: penyakit blas, sawah tadah hujan, sawah irigasi, varietas resisten
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Kamel, Serag-El-Din, Thoraya El-Bigawi, Ismail Ismail, and Mohamed Sehly. "Epidemiology of Rice Blast Disease in Egypt." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Educational Sciences 1, no. 1 (1988): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/edu.1-1.4.
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Varma, Yamini CK, and P. Santhakumari. "Biointensive management of blast disease of rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 58, no. 2 (2021): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.2.8.
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Blast of rice caused by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke.) Sacc. (Teleomorph :Magnaporthe oryzae) is a serious disease of rice and causes considerable reduction in yield. Overdose and untimely application of chemical fungicides disturb the rice ecosystem, pollute the environment and induce resistant mutants of the pathogen. An ecofriendly integrated disease management programme should be implemented to avoid overuse of a single control method and fight against genetic resistance. Salicylic acid (0.01ml/ l) and Benzoic acid (0.01ml/ l) proved superior in inducing disease resistance among different inducers tested at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi, Palakkdad district, under Kerala Agricultural University under green house conditions. As an integrated approach, Palmarosa oil + Carbendazim and Palmarosa oil+ Salicylic acid were the most effective treatments .Compatibility studies under in vitro conditions showed that Trichoderma harzianum and fluorescent pseudomonad were compatible to each other, and also palmarosa oil and Neemazal were compatible with Trichoderma harzianum and Fluorescent pseudomonad. For the management of blast disease under field conditions with high B:C ratio, Palmarosa oil (0.1%) + Carbendazim (0.1%)was the best treatment followed by Trichoderma (2%) + Fluorescent pseudomonad (2%)+ Palmarosa oil (0.1%).
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Khedkar, DT, PG Borkar, RA Raut, VM Karade, and RA Karande. "Integrated management of blast disease of rice." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 4 (2020): 3158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4am.10135.
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Ramesh, S., and D. Vydeki. "Rice-Blast Disease Monitoring Using Mobile App." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.6 (2018): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.16011.
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This research paper focuses on implementation of image analysis algorithms on captured images for the purpose of detecting crop diseases and monitored through Mobile App. The purpose of this research is to find out the diseases in early stage, and reduce the yield loss. The system design includes sensors, controller, image analysis algorithm, Cloud storage and mobile app. Using the USB camera, images in the farm are captured and processed by controller module. This is sent to the cloud, which can be accessed by mobile App or remote user. Various image processing algorithms were used to process the images. The results are presented in this paper.
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Mgonja, A. P. "Resistance to Rice Blast Disease of Some Land Rice Verieties." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 51, no. 1 (1985): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.1985.11663463.
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Arora, Kirti, Amit Kumar Rai, Basavantraya N. Devanna, Banita Kumari, and Tilak Raj Sharma. "Functional validation of the Pi54 gene by knocking down its expression in a blast-resistant rice line using RNA interference and its effects on other traits." Functional Plant Biology 45, no. 12 (2018): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp18083.
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Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the major diseases affecting the rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop. A major blast resistance gene, Pi54, has already been cloned and deployed in different rice varieties. To understand the role of Pi54 in providing rice blast resistance, we used the RNA interferences (RNAi) approach to knock down the expression of this gene. We showed a high frequency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of rice line Taipei 309 containing a single gene (Pi54) for blast resistance. Pi54 RNAi leads to a decreased level of Pi54 transcripts, leading to the susceptibility of otherwise M. oryzae-resistant rice lines. However, among the RNAi knockdown plants, the severity of blast disease varied between the lines. Histochemical analysis of the leaves of knockdown plants inoculated with M. oryzae spores also showed typical cell death and blast lesions. Additionally, Pi54 RNAi also showed an effect on the Hda3 gene, a florigen gene playing a role in rice flowering. By using the RNAi technique, for the first time, we showed that the directed degradation of Pi54 transcripts results in a significant reduction in the rice blast resistance response, suggesting that RNAi is a powerful tool for functional validation of genes.
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Wang, Xueyan, Melissa H. Jia, Pooja Ghai, Fleet N. Lee, and Yulin Jia. "Genome-Wide Association of Rice Blast Disease Resistance and Yield-Related Components of Rice." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 28, no. 12 (2015): 1383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-06-15-0131-r.
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Robust disease resistance may require an expenditure of energy that may limit crop yield potential. In the present study, a subset of a United States Department of Agriculture rice core collection consisting of 151 accessions was selected using a major blast resistance (R) gene, Pi-ta, marker and was genotyped with 156 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Disease reactions to Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease, were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions, and heading date, plant height, paddy and brown seed weight in two field environments were analyzed, using an association mapping approach. A total of 21 SSR markers distributed among rice chromosomes 2 to 12 were associated with blast resistance, and 16 SSR markers were associated with seed weight, heading date, and plant height. Most noticeably, shorter plants were significantly correlated with resistance to blast, rice genomes with Pi-ta were associated with lighter seed weights, and the susceptible alleles of RM171 and RM6544 were associated with heavier seed weight. These findings unraveled a complex relationship between disease resistance and yield-related components.
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Petkevych, Z. Z., T. V. Dudchenko, and V. V. Dudchenko. "Trait collection of rice by resistance to rice blast." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 24 (2019): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2019.24.07.
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Aim. To study the genetic diversity of rice in terms of resistance to disease, to find sources of resistance, to select reference varieties and to form a trait collection of rice accessions with resistance to Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Results and Discussion. The study was carried out in an infectious-provocative nursery in the field and greenhouse of the Institute of Rice in compliance with the methodical guidelines in 2003 – 2016. In of the south Ukrainian, Pyricularia oryzea is the most harmful for rice. The article presents the results on forming a trait collection studying rice accessions. It presents the results of 7-year studies (2010 – 2016) on the search for sources for resistance to the pathogen among 190 rice accessions of different eco-geographical origin. In the years with various meteorological conditions and various development of disease, we revealed several sources of resistance to the pathogen. There were 64 disease-resistant accessions (33,7 %). Most of the accessions under investigation were medium-resistant to Pyricularia oryzae (50,5%). In the period of 2003 – 2004 and 2007 – 2009, 58 rice accessions were studied on artificial infection. In the greenhouse, 19 (33,7%) resistant accessions were found. Most of the accessions under investigation were susceptible (46,6%) and medium-resistant to Pyricularia oryzae (20,7 %). Conclusions. The trait collection comprising 58 accessions belonging to 13 varieties from 8 foreign countries has been formed. Reference varieties and sources of resistance to disease in combination with a set of economic features were defined. These accessions are of great interest to breeding for valuable agronomic traits as they combine resistance to disease with several economically valuable characteristics. The collection is of great importance for achieving different scientific and breeding objectives. All the valuable material will be transferred for introduction in breeding.
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Kumar, Prasanna, and Chethana BS. "Assessment of various fungitoxicants against major diseases of rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 59, no. 4 (2022): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.4.11.
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Diseases damage to rice can seriously break productivity and with in short time destroys the crop. Screening of various groups of fungitoxicants in solo and in combination against major diseases of rice was carried out during summer and Kharif 2019. The pooled data revealed Fenoxanil 20% SC + Isoprothiolane 40% EC @ 2ml L-1 was effective in reducing the disease severity of leaf blast and neck blast by recording least percent disease index (PDI) of 13.33 and 12.22 with yield of 5099 kg ha-1as against 40.74 and 48.89 and yield 4034 kg ha-1 in control respectively. The combi fungitoxicants Azoxystrobin 25% SC + Hexaconazole 5% 16.25% SC @ 900 ml ha-1 and Kresoxim methyl 40% + Hexaconazole 8% WG @ 500 g ha-1 were effective against leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight and sheath rot with PDI 9.25,10.40 13.33 and 17.77 respectively . The tank mix of Hexaconaxole 75% WG and Isoprothiolane 40% EC @ 66.7 g + 750 ml ha-1 was effective against leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight and sheath rot with least PDI of 2.59, 6.33, 4.81 and 6.85 respectively. Kresoxim methyl 40% + Hexaconazole 8% in combination with Isoprothiolane 40% EC @ 500 g + 750 ml ha-1 recorded the reduced PDI of 4.81, 4.29, 11.85 and 11.11 for leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight and sheath rot respectively .The fungitoxicants evaluated did not cause any phytotoxicity.
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Devanna, Basavantraya N., Priyanka Jain, Amolkumar U. Solanke, et al. "Understanding the Dynamics of Blast Resistance in Rice-Magnaporthe oryzae Interactions." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 6 (2022): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8060584.
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Rice is a global food grain crop for more than one-third of the human population and a source for food and nutritional security. Rice production is subjected to various stresses; blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the major biotic stresses that has the potential to destroy total crop under severe conditions. In the present review, we discuss the importance of rice and blast disease in the present and future global context, genomics and molecular biology of blast pathogen and rice, and the molecular interplay between rice–M. oryzae interaction governed by different gene interaction models. We also elaborated in detail on M. oryzae effector and Avr genes, and the role of noncoding RNAs in disease development. Further, rice blast resistance QTLs; resistance (R) genes; and alleles identified, cloned, and characterized are discussed. We also discuss the utilization of QTLs and R genes for blast resistance through conventional breeding and transgenic approaches. Finally, we review the demonstrated examples and potential applications of the latest genome-editing tools in understanding and managing blast disease in rice.
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Long, D. H., J. C. Correll, F. N. Lee, and D. O. TeBeest. "Rice Blast Epidemics Initiated by Infested Rice Grain on the Soil Surface." Plant Disease 85, no. 6 (2001): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.6.612.
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Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 with a marked strain of Pyricularia grisea to determine if inoculum from infested rice grain could cause primary infections and sustain a rice blast epidemic during the growing season by giving rise to leaf, collar, and neck symptoms. The marked strain, a sulfate nonutilizing (sul) mutant of P. grisea, was grown on autoclaved rice seed for 7 days at 25°C. Infested rice grains were applied to the soil surface at the time of plant emergence (approximately 10 days after planting) at densities of 0, 0.5, 5, 25, and 50 grains per 0.1 m2 in plots planted to the blast susceptible cv. M-201. Leaf blast symptoms were first detected in the plots containing infested grain 35 days after plant emergence in both 1996 and 1997. The sul mutant was isolated from more than 90% of the lesions sampled from rice seedlings 35 to 45 days after plant emergence. Leaf blast increased more rapidly in plots with 25 and 50 infested grains per 0.1 m2 than in plots with less inoculum pressure (0.5 and 25 infested grains per 0.1 m2), although in 1996, leaf blast incidence recorded at midseason in plots containing 0.5 and 5 infested grains per 0.1 m2 was 41 and 55%, respectively. At the end of both seasons, the sul mutant was recovered from over 90% of the leaf, collar, and neck blast lesions except for one sample date in 1996. Rice blast was not detected in the control plots (no infested grain) in 1997 and not until 65 days after planting in 1996. Comparisons of disease progress on leaves between the marked strain and the parental wild-type strain under field conditions indicated that development of disease caused by the sul mutant was similar to disease caused by the wild-type strain.
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Suriani, Ni Luh, Dewa Ngurah Suprapta, Khamdan Khalimi, et al. "Antagonism Trichoderma SP for Pressing Blast Disease on Red Bali Rice Plants (Oryza Sativa)." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 10-SPECIAL ISSUE (2019): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11sp10/20192777.
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Lai, X. H., M. A. Marchetti, and H. D. Petersen. "Comparative Slow-Blasting in Rice Grown Under Upland and Flooded Blast Nursery Culture." Plant Disease 83, no. 7 (1999): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.7.681.
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Evaluation of rice for resistance to rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea usually is conducted in upland (nonflooded) disease nurseries, although all commercial U.S. rice is produced under flood irrigation. Upland rice is more susceptible to leaf blast than is flooded rice, and the magnitude of this differential susceptibility can vary among cultivars. This 2-year study was undertaken to determine (i) the relationship between rates of disease development (slow-blasting) in upland and flooded rice and (ii) the value to a rice breeding program of establishing a flooded blast nursery, a facility far more difficult to manage than an upland nursery. Among 200 rice lines compared for leaf blast susceptibility under upland and flooded cultures, only 7 were rated as slightly more resistant under upland culture and 136 rated more resistant under flooded culture. Disease ratings under upland and flooded cultures were highly correlated (R = 0.819). Among 14 preselected cultivars over 2 years, disease development curves under upland and flooded cultures were highly correlated (R = 0.990). The cultivars with intermediate susceptibility under upland culture appeared to benefit most from flooded culture. Upland culture provided more opportunities to assess slow-blasting than did flooded culture, since many lines that produced susceptible-type lesions in upland culture failed to do so under flooded culture. It was concluded that adequate information on comparative leaf blast resistance among rice lines was attainable from upland blast nurseries and that routine evaluation of rice breeding lines for blast resistance in flooded nurseries was not necessary.
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Varsha M., Poornima B., and Pavan Kumar. "A Machine Learning Technique for Rice Blast Disease Severity Prediction Using K-Means SMOTE Class Balancing." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 11, no. 1 (2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.315304.
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Rice blast disease is strongly dependent on environmental and climate factors. This paper demonstrates the integration of a rice blast disease severity prediction model based on climate factors, providing a decision-support framework for farmers to overcome these problems. The major contribution of the proposed study is to predict the severity of rice blast disease using the linear SVM model. Prediction of rice blast disease severity is divided into four classes: 0, 1, 2, and 3. Data imbalance is the most challenging problem in multi-class classification. This study has efficiently handled imbalanced data using k-means SMOTE and SMOTE oversampling techniques to balance training and testing data. Finally, cross-location and cross-year models are developed using a linear support vector machine and predict the severity of rice blast disease to the classes 0, 1, 2, 3, respectively. Cross-year and cross-location models are cross-validated using five-fold cross-validation.
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Acharya, Basistha, Sunder Man Shrestha, Hira Kaji Manandhar, and Bedananda Chaudhary. "Screening of local, improved and hybrid rice genotypes against leaf blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) at Banke district, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 2, no. 1 (2019): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v2i1.26013.
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Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major cereal crop of Nepal which is being faced by the devastating rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. An experiment was conducted to screen rice genotypes against leaf blast disease under disease conducive upland nursery at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Khajura, Banke, Nepal during July to November, 2016. A total of 101 rice genotypes (comprising of local, improved and hybrid) including resistant and susceptible check were screened in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Disease scoring was done beginning from the 20th days of sowing by using the disease rating scale 0-9. Amongst the tested 101 rice genotypes, 28 genotypes were found resistant, 15 genotypes were moderately resistant, 16 genotypes were moderately susceptible, 39 genotypes were susceptible and 3 genotypes were highly susceptible to leaf blast. The information revealed from this study could be helpful for rice leaf blast disease management and utilizing these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes for further resistance breeding program.
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Wicaksono, Danar, Arif Wibowo, and Ani Widiastuti. "METODE ISOLASI PYRICULARIA ORYZAE PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BLAS PADI." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 17, no. 1 (2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11762-69.
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Isolation method of Pyricularia oryzae the causal agent of rice blast disease. Rice blast disease is a disease that reduces rice productivity and threatens global food reserves. The study of diversity and distribution of race fungal causing rice blast disease required a fungal isolates collection from different places and times. One of the challenges in collecting these fungi is the difficulty of isolation process. The purpose of this research was to study the proper isolation method of rice blast pathogen. The most appropriate isolation method of Pyricularia oryzae was to moisten the infected panicle, place on moist filter paper in a petri dish, and incubate plate for 2 days at room temperature under fluorescent lamp. Afterward, conidium was picked using sterile needle and transfered to potato dextrose agar without lactic acid.
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Feng, Changguang, Minlan Jiang, Qi Huang, Lingguo Zeng, Changjiang Zhang, and Yulong Fan. "A Lightweight Real-Time Rice Blast Disease Segmentation Method Based on DFFANet." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (2022): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101543.
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The evaluation of rice disease severity is a quantitative indicator for precise disease control, which is of great significance for ensuring rice yield. In the past, it was usually done manually, and the judgment of rice blast severity can be subjective and time-consuming. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a real-time rice blast disease segmentation method based on a feature fusion and attention mechanism: Deep Feature Fusion and Attention Network (abbreviated to DFFANet). To realize the extraction of the shallow and deep features of rice blast disease as complete as possible, a feature extraction (DCABlock) module and a feature fusion (FFM) module are designed; then, a lightweight attention module is further designed to guide the features learning, effectively fusing the extracted features at different scales, and use the above modules to build a DFFANet lightweight network model. This model is applied to rice blast spot segmentation and compared with other existing methods in this field. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this study has better anti-interference ability, achieving 96.15% MioU, a speed of 188 FPS, and the number of parameters is only 1.4 M, which can achieve a high detection speed with a small number of model parameters, and achieves an effective balance between segmentation accuracy and speed, thereby reducing the requirements for hardware equipment and realizing low-cost embedded development. It provides technical support for real-time rapid detection of rice diseases.
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Monsur, MA, M. Ahmed, A. Haque, et al. "Cross Infection between Rice and Wheat Blast Pathogen Pyricularia oryzae." Bangladesh Rice Journal 20, no. 2 (2017): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v20i2.34125.
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Cross infection between rice and wheat blast fungi was investigated in a series of experiments conducted under controlled glasshouse condition following a completely randomized design. Two rice (BRRI dhan29 and LTH) and two wheat (BARI Gom25 and BARI Gom26) varieties were grown in plastic trays as sole and rice-wheat mixed crop culture. Plants were artificially inoculated using virulent isolates of rice and wheat blast fungi. It was observed that irrespective of variety and crop culture technique, all the isolates of wheat blast fungus caused significant 100% plant infection on leaf typical leaf blast symptoms appeared on wheat seedlings but no blast symptom on rice. Conversely, the test-isolates of rice blast fungus did not produce any disease reaction on wheat seedlings, though leaf blast was observed on 100% rice plants. Therefore, we conclude that rice blast pathogen population is different from those of wheat blast pathogen (Pyricularia oryzae).Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(2): 21-29
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Bragina, Olesya, Andrey Ogly, and Pshimaf Khachmamuk. "Immunological variability of rice varieties depending on growing conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128502036.
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Blast (causative agent Pyriculariaoryzae Cavara) plays an important role among economically important, dangerous and harmful rice diseases of rice in all rice-growing countries, including Russia. The problem of resistance of rice plants to disease is one of the main problems in modern breeding in most countries. Intensification of rice cultivation creates a favorable microclimate in the sowing agrocenosis for the development of blast disease and leads to an increase in its harmfulness. The varieties quickly lose their resistance to new races of the pathogen, due to high spontaneous variability of the M. grisea fungus, its field populations are usually represented by a mixture of races with different virulence and aggressiveness, outstripping the evolution of the host plant. The nature of the blast manifestation depends on the agroclimatic conditions and genotype. The article presents the results of research at experimental and production plots of Federal Scientific Rice Centre (FSC of Rice) and Elite Seed-Production Experimental Statation Krasnaya (ESPES Krasnaya). It has been shown that a clear differentiation of rice varieties in terms of blast resistance and yielding properties is possible only when certain (provocative) conditions are created that contribute to the manifestation of their genetic potential, while the blast resistance of varieties cannot be provided only by the introduction of one gene of racespecific resistance. A close negative relationship was obtained between the yield and the intensity of blast disease on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition: N-1 - r = -0.93; N-2 - r = -0.95. The determination coefficients showed that in 86.8 - 90.1% of cases, the yield is due to the intensity ofblast development on the crops of the studied rice varieties.
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Simkhada, Kapil, and Rabin Thapa. "Rice Blast, A Major Threat to the Rice Production and its Various Management Techniques." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2022): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i2.147-157.4548.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple cereal crop which is consumed by more than 50% of world population. It contributes 23% and 50% of total calories consumed by world and Nepalese population respectively. Among various abiotic factors affecting rice, rice blast is the most disastrous, causing 70-80% yield loss. This disease was originated in China around 7000 years ago. In Nepal, it was first reported in Thimi, Bhaktapur in 1966. It is caused by a filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Anaemorphic form- Pyricularia oryzae). It infects all the developmental stage of plant and produce symptoms on the leaf, collar, neck, panicle and even in the glumes. It decreases the rice production by an amount, enough to feed 60 million people every year. Cloudy weather, high relative humidity (93-99%), low night temperature (15- 20°C), longer duration of dew is the most favorable condition for the outbreak of disease. The most usual approaches for the management of rice blast diseases are management in nutrient fertilizer and irrigation, application of fungicides and plantation of resistant cultivars. Besides, the use of extracts of C. arabica are reported to have an inhibitory effect on the disease. Seed treatment with Trichoderma viridae @ 5ml/lit of water have also been found effective. The chemical means of controlling blast disease shall be reduced, instead eco-friendly measures like biocontrol agents, resistant varieties, plant extracts can be practiced for disease control. Different forecasting model can be used in order to predict the disease prevalence.
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Mukherjee, AK, NK Mohapatra, and P. Nayak. "Assessment of partial resistance to rice blast disease." ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice 55, no. 3 (2018): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-5266.2018.00046.2.
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