Academic literature on the topic 'Rice Riots, Japan, 1918'

ABSTRACTThis article seeks to assess the relevance of market ideas outside the European context. In pre-modern Japan, there was neither street market nor retail market but wholesale markets in cities. Feudal lords permitted wholesale dealers to operate in the market as long as the dealers paid either tribute such as fish or tax money to their lords. The Meiji Restoration in the late nineteenth century brought an end to the feudal system. In modern Japan, the problem of food supply in the city arose after the Japanese-Russo War. The Rice Riots broke out in 1918, and drove many cities to open their own municipal retail markets in order to supply urban dwellers with food and daily necessities. Fixed and marked price and cash payment were the operating principles of those municipal retail markets. These principles represented the characteristic features of the modern retail trade. Such municipal retail markets played an important role in the modernization of the retail trade in Japan.

This essay explores cultural factors in urban riots that occurred frequently in early twentieth-century Tokyo, extending from the 1905 Hibiya riot to the 1918 rice riots, by focusing on the everyday practice of young male laborers, including artisans, factory workers, and day laborers, who were the main participants in these riots. The essay first surveys the characteristics of urban riots in Tokyo in the period from 1905 to 1918 and then examines the everyday practice of male laborers, focusing particularly on the role of violence and impulsiveness. Many works of reportage on the urban lower classes published in the Meiji era (1868-1912) and Taisho era (1912-1926) depicted a lifestyle among male laborers that revolved around drinking, gambling, fighting, and patronizing prostitutes. These behaviors, as well as the emphasis on a Robin Hood–style bravado, were socially retrogressive, but constituted a distinctive culture of masculinity. By behaving “manly,” male laborers could earn esteem in their communities, although they lacked fame, fortune, or education, and could live proudly despite little chance of advancing their social status. This culture among male laborers was deeply related to the frequent occurrence of urban riots, and its waning ultimately led to the decline of riots in Tokyo in the 1920s.

AUSTRALIA – Mosquito Parasite Could Control Dengue CHINA – China has Twice the Global Average of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis CHINA – 80 000 Antibiotics Abuse-related Deaths Annually CHINA – Bird Flu Found in Chicken from China CHINA – China on Alert following Bird Flu Death CHINA – Chinese Dairies to Compensate Tainted Milk Victims' Families CHINA – New Insulin Resistance Tricks Found CHINA – World's First Plant Chromosome Atlas CHINA – Project Launched to Study Structure of Proteins CHINA – Fake Diabetes Drug Linked to Two Deaths CHINA – Birth Defects Rising in Polluted China INDIA – India Culls Poultry in Darjeeling After Bird Flu INDIA – India Introduces Second-Line Anti-retroviral Treatment in Eight States INDIA – Indian Medical Tourism to Reach US$1.9 billion by 2015 INDIA – Canadian and Indian Ministers Sign Pact on Agriculture Cooperation INDIA – 6000 year-old Rice Species Discovered in Meghalaya INDIA – Genetics to Help Conserve Rare Bird Species JAPAN – Coating the Protein Enhances Disease-fighting Capability JAPAN – Scientists Isolate Genes that Made 1918 Flu Lethal JAPAN – Researchers in Japan Develop All-round Flu Vaccine PHILIPPINES – Ebola Reston Virus Found in Filipino Farm Worker SINGAPORE – New Method to Create iPS Cells SINGAPORE – Ray of Hope for Liver Cancer Sufferers SINGAPORE – Bacteria Improve Energy and Cost Efficiency in Water Treatment TAIWAN – Secrets of “Speciation” Gene Unravelled TAIWAN – Initial Breakthrough in Poultry Vaccine Development TAIWAN – Taiwan Gains Direct Access to WHO VIETNAM – Doctors Report First Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome VIETNAM – Public Advised Serious Caution Against Bird Flu NORTH AMERICA – Kids of Pregnant Drinking Mums will Like Booze NORTH AMERICA – High Functional Diversity in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Driven By Genetic Drift And Human Demography NORTH AMERICA – Newly Discovered Tuberculosis Protein May Help Explain Bacterium's Resilience NORTH AMERICA – U.S. Patent For Diagnostic Technology Awarded To URMC, Lighthouse Biosciences EUROPE – Structure Mediating Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Discovered EUROPE – New EU Pesticide Regulations Could Undermine Battle against Malaria EUROPE – iPill – The Smart Drug Delivery that can “Call” the Doctor EUROPE – What Drives Locusts to Swarm

This paper seeks to explore environmental, social and governance issues arising from investment in special economic zones (SEZs) in the mainland Southeast Asian region through a mixture of thick analytical description and multiple case study approach. All the states studied here have embraced the SEZ approach as it offers rapid economic development without any implications for the political settlement, which is considered beneficial by current administrations. Particular emphasis is placed on environmental, social and governance issues in the region covered and some complex issues that have emerged. It is shown that the situation is complex and continually evolving and that there are limited constraints on the actions of corporations. Consequently, there is an opportunity for investors to set precedents and protocols on a progressive basis.
 Keywords
 Economic development; environmental, social and governance issues; mainland Southeast Asia; special economic zones
 References
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