Journal articles: 'Rice sheath blight'

1

Park, Dong-Soo, Ronald J. Sayler, Yeon-Gyu Hong, Min-Hee Nam, and Yinong Yang. "A Method for Inoculation and Evaluation of Rice Sheath Blight Disease." Plant Disease 92, no. 1 (2008): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-1-0025.

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Sheath blight of rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most important rice diseases worldwide; however, no rice cultivar has been found to be completely resistant to this fungus. To facilitate detailed analysis of sheath blight resistance at genetic, molecular, biochemical, and functional genomic levels, new methods were developed for effective and uniform infection and accurate evaluation of the disease. The efficiency of R. solani infection was tested on two resistant (Tetep and Jasmine 85) and two susceptible (Chucheongbyeo, Junambyeo) cultivars using three different inoculum types (agar block, liquid cultured mycelia ball, and mycelia suspension). By covering the inoculated sheaths with aluminum foil to maintain humidity, 100% infection rate was achieved in this study. Liquid cultured mycelia balls caused significantly longer lesions (5.4 cm) than other types of inoculum, including agar block (2.4 cm) and mycelia suspension (1.6 cm). An improved method for evaluating sheath blight disease was selected by comparing two methods for evaluating disease severity among three partially resistant cultivars and five susceptible cultivars inoculated with liquid cultured mycelia balls. In addition, a new formula was developed to calculate the disease susceptibility index. Lesion length and the susceptibility index generally were correlated in each leaf, but there were discrepancies between the two evaluation methods due to differences in plant architecture among the cultivars. The susceptibility index calculated using the new formula was the most accurate method for evaluating sheath blight disease across all cultivars. The effect of heading date and panicle number also was evaluated in relation to sheath blight resistance. Cultivars with late heading dates generally were more resistant to sheath blight than those with early heading dates.

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2

Singh, Ramji, Durga Prasad, and Alka Singh. "Integrated nutrient management to enhance biochemical resistance in rice against sheath blight." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 1, no. 1 (2009): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v1i1.44.

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Application of potassium either as recommended, deficient or excess dose, enhanced the level of phenolic contents, increased incubation period and thereby decreased the sheath blight severity. Application of nitrogen and phosphorous, either as recommended, deficient or excess dose resulted in reduction of phenolic content, shorter incubation period and thereby increasing the sheath blight severity. Recommended sulphur application, enhanced the phenolic contents, increased incubation period and thereby decreased the sheath blight severity. Recommended zinc application resulted in enhancement of phenolic contents, longer incubation period and thereby decreasing the sheath blight severity. Excess application of zinc, reduced the phenolic contents and incubation period but the severity of sheath blight was also lowered down. Recommended iron application (1.5 kg./ha) enhanced the phenolic contents and incubation period with a decreased level of sheath blight severity. Deficient and excess doses of iron also showed the similar trend of effect on phenolics, incubation period and sheath blight severity.

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3

Groth, D. E., and J. A. Bond. "Effects of Cultivars and Fungicides on Rice Sheath Blight, Yield, and Quality." Plant Disease 91, no. 12 (2007): 1647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-12-1647.

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The development of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)-resistant rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars will allow producers to use less fungicide and to avoid significant reductions in grain and milling yields. Among cultivars currently in cultivation in the southern United States rice-producing region, sheath blight resistance levels range from very susceptible to moderately susceptible. A study was conducted to determine the response of cultivars with different levels of susceptibility to sheath blight inoculations and fungicide applications and to determine the impact of sheath blight disease development on rice yield and quality. Sheath blight epidemics in field plots were initiated by inoculation at the panicle differentiation growth stage from 2003 through 2005. Azoxystrobin at 0.17 kg a.i. ha–1 and flutolanil at 0.56 kg a.i. ha–1 were applied in sequential applications at midboot and 50 to 70% heading. Inoculation significantly increased sheath blight severity and incidence and caused yield losses of 4% in moderately susceptible cv. Francis to 21% in very susceptible cv. Cocodrie. Milling yield was affected to a lesser extent. Fungicide treatments reduced sheath blight incidence and severity regardless of cultivar. Azoxystrobin was more effective than flutolanil in minimizing yield loss due to sheath blight in all cultivars except Francis.

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Zhu, Guang, Enxing Liang, Xiang Lan, et al. "ZmPGIP3 Gene Encodes a Polygalacturonase-Inhibiting Protein that Enhances Resistance to Sheath Blight in Rice." Phytopathology® 109, no. 10 (2019): 1732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-19-0008-r.

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Plant polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) is a structural protein that can specifically recognize and bind to fungal polygalacturonase (PG). PGIP plays an important role in plant antifungal activity. In this study, a maize PGIP gene, namely ZmPGIP3, was cloned and characterized. Agarose diffusion assay suggested that ZmPGIP3 could inhibit the activity of PG. ZmPGIP3 expression was significantly induced by wounding, Rhizoctonia solani infection, jasmonate, and salicylic acid. ZmPGIP3 might be related to disease resistance. The gene encoding ZmPGIP3 was posed under the control of the ubiquitin promoter and constitutively expressed in transgenic rice. In an R. solani infection assay, ZmPGIP3 transgenic rice was more resistant to sheath blight than the wild-type rice regardless of the inoculated plant part (leaves or sheaths). Digital gene expression analysis indicated that the expression of some rice PGIP genes significantly increased in ZmPGIP3 transgenic rice, suggesting that ZmPGIP3 might activate the expression of some rice PGIP genes to resist sheath blight. Our investigation of the agronomic traits of ZmPGIP3 transgenic rice showed that ZmPGIP3 overexpression in rice did not show any detrimental phenotypic or agronomic effect. ZmPGIP3 is a promising candidate gene in the transgenic breeding for sheath blight resistance and crop improvement.

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MOCHIZUKI, Hiroto, Fujio ARAKI, and Kunihiro YABUTANI. "Rice Sheath Blight Control with Flutolanil." Journal of Pesticide Science 12, no. 1 (1987): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.12.29.

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6

Singh, Rajbir. "Sheath Blight of Rice: A Review." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 1, no. 02 (2016): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2016.1.2.7.

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7

Handiseni, Maxwell, Young-Ki Jo, and Xin-Gen (Shane) Zhou. "Integration of Brassica Cover Crop with Host Resistance and Azoxystrobin for Management of Rice Sheath Blight." Plant Disease 99, no. 6 (2015): 883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-14-0845-re.

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Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is the most important rice disease that can cause significant losses in grain yield and quality in the southern United States. Current management options for sheath blight primarily consist of fungicides, tolerant cultivars, and cultural practices. These options are not always very effective. Brassica plants have been used for soil fumigation to manage a variety of different soilborne pathogens. In this field study, the efficacy of a Brassica juncea cover crop integrated with use of a tolerant rice cultivar and fungicide application was evaluated in 2011, 2012, and 2013. The B. juncea cover crop significantly lowered sheath blight severity in all 3 years and led to a significantly higher grain yield in 2013 as compared with the fallow control. ‘Presidio’ rice had lower sheath blight severity and higher yield than ‘Cocodrie’ in 2012 and 2013. Fungicide applications with azoxystrobin at the label rate (0.16 kg a.i./ha) or half the label rate (0.08 kg a.i./ha) significantly reduced sheath blight severity in all 3 years, resulting in a yield increase in 2 of the 3 years. B. juncea along with use of a tolerant rice cultivar and half the label rate of azoxystrobin can be an effective approach for management of sheath blight in rice.

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Rodrigues, Fabrício Á., Francisco X. R. Vale, Lawrence E. Datnoff, Anne S. Prabhu, and Gaspar H. Korndörfer. "Effect of Rice Growth Stages and Silicon on Sheath Blight Development." Phytopathology® 93, no. 3 (2003): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.3.256.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of silicon (Si) and rice growth stages on tissue susceptibility to sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) under controlled conditions. Rice plants (cv. Rio Formoso) were grown in pots containing low-Si soil amended with Si at 0, 0.48, 0.96, 1.44, and 1.92 g pot-1 and inoculated with R. solani at the following days after emergence: 45 (four-leaf stage), 65 (eight-leaf stage), 85 (tillering), 117 (booting), and 130 (panicle exsertion). For plants inoculated with R. solani at all growth stages, Si concentration in straw increased as rate of Si increased from 0 to 1.92 g pot-1. Concentration of calcium in the straw did not differ among plant growth stages. Although incubation period was not affected by the amount of Si added to the soil, this variable was shorter at booting and panicle exsertion stages. As the rates of Si increased in the soil, the total number of sheath blight lesions on sheaths and total area under the relative lesion extension curve decreased at all plant growth stages. The severity of sheath blight was lower at booting and panicle exsertion stages as the rates of Si increased in the soil. In general, plants grown in Si-nonamended pots and inoculated with R. solani were more vulnerable to infection at all growth stages, but especially at 45 days after emergence. Plant dry weights for inoculated plants increased as the Si rates increased from 0 to 1.92 g pot-1. The greatest dry weight increases occurred for plants inoculated at booting and panicle exsertion stages. Si fertilization is a promising method for controlling sheath blight in areas where soil is Si deficient and when cultivars that exhibit an acceptable level of resistance to sheath blight are not available for commercial use.

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9

Singh, Pooja, and Babu Subramanian. "Responses of rice to Rhizoctonia solani and its toxic metabolite in relation to expression of Osmyb4 transcription factor." Plant Protection Science 53, No. 4 (2017): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/107/2015-pps.

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The reaction of IR 50, TRY 3, and IR 36 cultivars of rice to R. solani challenge, the causal agent of sheath blight, and its toxic metabolite was studied. Differential response of these cultivars to the pathogen and/or toxin inoculation was observed in detached leaf sheaths and greenhouse-grown plants. The observations were based on disease scoring, electrolyte leakage, and also microscopic views of infection cushions. The Osmyb4 gene expression was studied in the tissues from all these experiments and a correlation between the level of expression and disease response of the varieties was found at least in some experiments. The mechanisms regulated by Osmyb4 might have a lower but significant contribution to the tolerance of rice cultivars to sheath blight.

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10

Wu, Wei, Xuejie Wan, Farooq Shah, Shah Fahad, and Jianliang Huang. "The Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in Adaptive Responses to Sheath Blight Infestation under Different Fertilization Rates and Hill Densities." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/502134.

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Sheath blight of rice, caused byRhizoctonia solani, is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. No rice cultivar has been found to be completely resistant to this fungus. Identifying antioxidant enzymes activities (activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) and malondialdehyde content (MDA) responding to sheath blight infestation is imperative to understand the defensive mechanism systems of rice. In the present study, two inoculation methods (toothpick and agar block method) were tested in double-season rice. Toothpick method had greater lesion length than agar block method in late season. A higher MDA content was found under toothpick method compared with agar block method, which led to greater POD and SOD activities. Dense planting caused higher lesion length resulting in a higher MDA content, which also subsequently stimulated higher POD and SOD activity. Sheath blight severity was significantly related to the activity of antioxidant enzyme during both seasons. The present study implies that rice plants possess a system of antioxidant protective enzymes which helps them in adaptation to sheath blight infection stresses. Several agronomic practices, such as rational use of fertilizers and optimum planting density, involved in regulating antioxidant protective enzyme systems can be regarded as promising strategy to suppress the sheath blight development.

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11

Yuan, De Peng, Chong Zhang, Zi Yuan Wang, Xiao Feng Zhu, and Yuan Hu Xuan. "RAVL1 Activates Brassinosteroids and Ethylene Signaling to Modulate Response to Sheath Blight Disease in Rice." Phytopathology® 108, no. 9 (2018): 1104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-18-0085-r.

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Rhizoctonia solani causes sheath blight disease in rice; however, the defense mechanism of rice plants against R. solani remains elusive. To analyze the roles of brassinosteroid (BR) and ethylene signaling on rice defense to R. solani, wild-type (WT) rice and several mutants and overexpressing (OX) lines were inoculated with R. solani. Mutants d61-1 and d2 were less susceptible to sheath blight disease, bri1-D was more susceptible, and ravl1 and d61-1/EIL1 Ri5 were similarly susceptible compared with WT. The double mutant ravl1/d61-1 was phenotypically similar to the ravl1 mutant. Transcriptome analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and transient assays indicted that RAVL1 might directly activate Ethylene insensitive 3-like 1 (EIL1), a master regulator of ethylene signaling. Mutants ers1 and d61-1/RAVL1 OX were resistant to sheath blight disease, whereas EIL1 RNAi mutants and RAVL1 OX were more susceptible than WT. BRI1 and D2 expression in EIL1 Ri5/RAVL1 OX and EIL1 expression in d61-1/RAVL1 OX indicated that RAVL1 activates BRI1/D2 and EIL1, respectively, independent of BR and ethylene signaling. Our analyses provide information on how BR and ethylene signaling regulate sheath blight disease and on the regulatory function of RAVL1 in rice sheath blight disease.

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12

Zhang, Guo Liang. "Silicon Mediated Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight by Increasing Ferulic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1274.

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Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance to rice sheath blight causing by Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani), but ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid involved in disease resistance with Si application on is scarcely known. The susceptible cultivar Ningjing 1 was selected to determine the effects of Si on disease index of rice sheath blight as well as if ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid were involved in disease resistance. The results showed that Si application reduced the disease index of sheath blight by 15.62. For uninoculated plants, Si application alone did not change the concentration of ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid significantly. For inoculated plants, Si application increased the concentration of ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid significantly. It is conclued that the important way of Si mediated resistance in rice against sheath blight is probably through increasing ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid.

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13

HASHIBA, Teruyoshi. "Ecological studies on rice sheath blight disease." Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 51, no. 3 (1985): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.51.252.

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14

Savary, S., L. Willocquet, and P. S. Teng. "Modelling sheath blight epidemics on rice tillers." Agricultural Systems 55, no. 3 (1997): 359–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-521x(97)00014-0.

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15

Chethana, BS, CA Deepak, and MP Rajanna. "Identification of novel resistance source in traditional varieties against major diseases of rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 57, no. 2 (2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2020.57.2.5.

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Traditional rice varieties maintained and cultivated by farmers are the potential sources of resistant donors that can be used for breeding rice varieties with durable resistance. They possess traits potentially adaptable to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses. Characterization of these germplasm is essential in rice breeding varieties and provides valued information for developing new rice. In this study, a large-scale screening of 167 traditional rice varieties was carried out to identify resistance sources against blast, sheath blight and brown spot diseases of rice. The mean location severity index (LSI) of leaf blast, sheath blight and brown spot was 6.91,7.14 and 7.84, respectively. Among the varieties screened, five varieties viz., Malgudi sanna, Putta batta, Selamsanna, Sadaholga and Mysuru sanna showed resistant reaction against blast, while only one variety Putta batta showed resistant reaction against brown spot, none of the varieties showed resistant reaction against sheath blight. However, only one variety Bangara sanna-4 showed moderate resistance to the sheath blight disease. The identified resistant varieties can be used as potential source for breeding durable resistant varieties in the future crop improvement programmes.

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16

Groth, D. E., and J. A. Bond. "Initiation of Rice Sheath Blight Epidemics and Effect of Application Timing of Azoxystrobin on Disease Incidence, Severity, Yield, and Milling Quality." Plant Disease 90, no. 8 (2006): 1073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1073.

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The lack of sheath blight-resistant cultivars requires rice (Oryza sativa) farmers to use fungicides to control the disease and avoid significant reductions in grain and milling yield. Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) epidemics can begin over a period of weeks during the growing season, and initiation date can have significant effects on crop damage and fungicide application timing. Studies were conducted to determine how different epidemic initiation and azoxystrobin application timings affect disease development, rice yield, and milling quality. Sheath blight epidemics in field plots were initiated by inoculation at the green ring (GR), panicle differentiation (PD), early boot (EB), and late boot (LB) growth stages in 2002 to 2004. Azoxystrobin was applied to the foliage at 0.17 kg a.i. ha-1 at 7 days after PD (PD+7), midboot (B), and 50% heading (H). Inoculation significantly increased sheath blight severity and incidence and reduced yield and milling quality. There were no significant effects of inoculation timing at the GR, PD, EB, and LB growth stages. Fungicide applications made between PD+7 and H reduced sheath blight severity and incidence, resulting in higher yield and head rice milling yield compared with inoculated but nonsprayed plots.

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Willocquet, Laetitia, Jagjeet S. Lore, S. Srinivasachary, and Serge Savary. "Quantification of the Components of Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight Using a Detached Tiller Test Under Controlled Conditions." Plant Disease 95, no. 12 (2011): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-11-0051.

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Resistance of rice (Oryza sativa) to sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is quantitative and involves two mechanisms: physiological resistance and disease escape. The epidemiological concept of components of resistance was applied using a detached tiller method under controlled conditions, to specifically address physiological resistance to sheath blight in rice. A sclerotium was inserted below the leaf collar of individual rice tillers maintained in tubes filled with water. Different variables were measured after incubation: number of lesions, lesion length, vertical sheath colonization, presence or absence of dark margin at the edge of lesions, and survival duration of the leaf blade. Several rice varieties reported to have different levels of susceptibility to sheath blight were assessed, together with varieties that are cultivated over large areas. Although numerical differences between rice varieties were observed for all disease variables, only the number of lesions significantly differed among varieties tested in this study. The varieties Pecos and IR64 had the consistently lowest and highest disease intensities, respectively. This methodology may allow the detection of sources of resistance that specifically involve defense mechanisms. When combined with field assessment, this methodology should also enable to quantitatively assess the relative role of both mechanisms of resistance to sheath blight.

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Groth, D. E. "Azoxystrobin Rate and Timing Effects on Rice Sheath Blight Incidence and Severity and Rice Grain and Milling Yields." Plant Disease 89, no. 11 (2005): 1171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1171.

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Lack of sheath blight resistant varieties requires rice (Oryza sativa) farmers to use fungicides to avoid significant reductions in grain yield and milling yield. Studies were conducted to determine the best rate and rice growth stage for a single application of azoxystrobin, a fungicide recently labeled for this use, to effectively control sheath blight. Azoxystrobin was applied foliarly to inoculated field plots in 2000 to 2002 using rates of 0.22, 0.17, and 0.11 kg a.i. ha -1 at 7 days after panicle differentiation (PD+7), boot (B), and heading (H) growth stages and at 0.17 kg a.i. ha-1 at 5, 10, and 15 days after heading. Sheath blight severity (measured on a 0 to 9 scale) and incidence (percent tillers infected) were assessed 1 to 2 weeks before harvest. A fungicide application made between PD+7 and H significantly reduced sheath blight severity, which resulted in significantly higher yield and head rice milling yield compared with inoculated unsprayed plots. There were no significant effects of fungicide rate at the PD+7, B, and H growth stages. Fungicide-treated plots had yield and milling yield similar to the very lightly diseased, uninoculated check plots included for comparison. With fungicide application made postheading, rice had higher disease severity, resulting in lower yields and milling yield compared with rice receiving earlier applications.

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19

Brooks, Steven A. "Sensitivity to a Phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani Correlates with Sheath Blight Susceptibility in Rice." Phytopathology® 97, no. 10 (2007): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-10-1207.

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Sheath blight is one of the most important and intractable diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) where limited control has been achieved using traditional approaches. Quantitative inheritance, extraneous traits, and environmental factors confound genetic analysis of host resistance. A method was developed to isolate and utilize a phytotoxin from Rhizoctonia solani to investigate the genetics of sheath blight susceptibility. Infiltration of the toxin preparation into plant leaves induced necrosis in rice, maize, and tomato. Using 17 rice cultivars known to vary in sheath blight resistance, genotypes were identified that were sensitive (tox-S) and insensitive (tox-I) to the toxin, and a correlation (r = 0.66) between toxin sensitivity and disease susceptibility was observed. Given the broad host range of R. solani, genotypes of host species may be both tox-S and tox-I. A total of 154 F2 progeny from a cross between Cypress (tox-S) and Jasmine 85 (tox-I) segregated in a 9:7 ratio for tox-S/tox-I, indicating an epistatic interaction between two genes controls sensitivity to the toxin in rice. This work provides the means to genetically map toxin sensitivity genes and eliminate susceptible genotypes when developing sheath blight-resistant rice cultivars.

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Chen, X. J., Y. Chen, L. N. Zhang, et al. "Overexpression of OsPGIP1 Enhances Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight." Plant Disease 100, no. 2 (2016): 388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-15-0305-re.

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Rice sheath blight (SB), caused by necrotrophic pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most destructive rice diseases, and no major resistance genes are available. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIP) are extracellular leucine-rich repeat proteins and play important roles in plant defense against different pathogenic fungi by counteracting secreted fungal polygalacturonases (PG). However, the role of PGIP in conferring resistance to rice SB remains to be thoroughly investigated. Here, we showed that OsPGIP1 is capable of inhibiting PG derived from R. solani. Our real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results indicated that resistant rice ‘YSBR1’ and ‘Jasmine 85’ express significantly higher levels of OsPGIP1 than susceptible ‘Lemont’. Our results also show that OsPGIP1 is most highly expressed at the late tillering stage in the sheath of YSBR1, coinciding with the critical stage of SB development in field. More importantly, the OsPGIP1 level is highly elevated by inoculation with R. solani in resistant cultivars but not in susceptible Lemont. Overexpression of OsPGIP1 significantly increased rice resistance to SB and inhibited tissue degradation caused by R. solani-secreted PG. Furthermore, OsPGIP1 overexpression did not affect rice agronomic traits or yield components. Together, our results not only demonstrate the important role of OsPGIP1 in combatting the rice SB disease but also provide a new avenue to the improvement of rice SB resistance by manipulating an endogenous gene.

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Eizenga, G. C., F. N. Lee, and J. N. Rutger. "Screening Oryza Species Plants for Rice Sheath Blight Resistance." Plant Disease 86, no. 7 (2002): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.7.808.

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Rice wild relatives, Oryza species, are one possible source of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) resistance genes. However, Oryza spp. cannot be screened in the field as is done for cultivated rice (O. sativa) because the plant canopy does not favor disease development and many plants drop mature seed. Thus, a growth chamber-greenhouse method of screening Oryza spp. and their early generation progeny is needed. Primary-secondary and ratoon tillers of rice cultivars-germplasm which ranged from moderately resistant to very susceptible were evaluated first for sheath blight susceptibility. Plants were inoculated by placing R. solani-colonized toothpicks at the leaf collar, then incubating plants in a growth chamber. After 7 days, plants were visually rated for sheath blight severity, and the lesion length of each leaf was measured. Ranking of cultivar-germplasm susceptibility by visual rating of primary-secondary tillers corresponded to the ranking from field ratings. Visual ratings correlated best with combined lesion length of the second and third leaves. For ratoon tillers, visual ratings correlated best with second-leaf lesion length. Next, this method was used with ratoon tillers to evaluate sheath blight susceptibility of 21 Oryza spp. accessions and F1 progeny from crosses between 17 accessions and cultivated rice. This method proved useful on a limited scale for screening germplasm that could not be evaluated under field conditions.

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Khoa, Nguyễn Đắc, Phan Thị Hồng Thúy, Trần Thị Thu Thủy, David B. Collinge, and Hans Jørgen Lyngs Jørgensen. "Disease-Reducing Effect of Chromolaena odorata Extract on Sheath Blight and Other Rice Diseases." Phytopathology® 101, no. 2 (2011): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-10-0113.

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Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris) is a major cause of crop loss in intensive rice production systems. No economically viable control methods have been developed. We screened aqueous extracts of common herbal plants that could reduce sheath blight lesions and found that foliar spraying and seed soaking application of extracts of either fresh or dried leaves of Chromolaena odorata gave up to 68% reduction in sheath blight lesion lengths under controlled and semi-field conditions. The observed reductions were not dependent on growth conditions of C. odorata and rice cultivar. The effect was observed until 21 days after inoculation and was not dependent on microbial activity. Under semi-field conditions, extracts also reduced severity of other important rice diseases, i.e., blast (Pyricularia oryzae) using foliar spray (up to 45%), brown spot (Bipolaris oryzae) using seed treatment (up to 57%), and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) using both application methods (up to 50%).

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OHSUMI, Tadashi, Kazunori TSUSHIMA, Kiyoto MAEDA, Satoru INOUE, and Nobushige ITAYA. "Activity of Bicyclic Benzanilides against Rice Sheath Blight." Journal of Pesticide Science 14, no. 2 (1989): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.14.229.

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Schurt, Daniel Augusto, Ueder Pedro Lopes, Henrique Silva Silveira Duarte, and Fabrício Ávila Rodrigues. "Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight Mediated by Potassium." Journal of Phytopathology 163, no. 4 (2014): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jph.12269.

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Nelson, J. C., J. H. Oard, D. Groth, et al. "Sheath-blight resistance QTLS in japonica rice germplasm." Euphytica 184, no. 1 (2011): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-011-0475-1.

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MUTA, Tatsuro, and Shoichi IZUMI. "Control of rice sheath blight by application of granular fungicides. (1)Effects of S-658 granules on rice sheath blight." Kyushu Plant Protection Research 37 (1991): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.37.1.

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Zeleke, Tekalign, Muluadam Birhan, and Wubneh Ambachew. "Survey and Identification of Rice Diseases in South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 58 (August 15, 2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.58.123.131.

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Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, respectively. Rice diseases; Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Sheath Blight, Bacterial blight, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut, Downy mildew were identified in 2016 cropping season and nine rice diseases: Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Neck Blast, Node blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut were identified in 2017. The overall mean prevalence of sheath rot and sheath brown rot diseases were above 60%, while the others had prevalence below 21%. The incidences and severities of these two diseases were higher than the other diseases implying that both diseases were important. In the present studies many rice diseases were recorded in lowland ecosystem as compared to upland ecosystem. From the assessment X-jigna cultivar was more susceptible to rice disease and followed by Gumera. The results indicate that a sheath rot, and sheath brown rot, were important across the districts and years. Loss assessment studies should be initiated in order to know the yield damage caused by the diseases.

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Xi, Junmin, Zhijun Zhang, Qi Zhu та Guohua Zhong. "Evolution from Natural β-Carboline Alkaloids to Obtain 1,2,4,9-tetrahydro-3-thia-9-aza-fluorene Derivatives as Potent Fungicidal Agents against Rhizoctonia solani". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, № 12 (2018): 4044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19124044.

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Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a globally important rice disease and the increasing resistance of this pathogen highlights the need for new active compounds against rice sheath blight. In this study, natural β-carboline alkaloids were optimized to obtain a series of 1,2,4,9-tetrahydro-3-thia-9-aza-fluorene derivatives and evaluated for their fungicidal activity and mode of action against R. solani. Of these compounds, 18 exhibited significant in vitro fungicidal activity against R. solani, with an EC50 value of 2.35 μg/mL, and was more active than validamycin A. In vivo bioassay also demonstrated that 18 displayed superior protective and curative activities as compared to validamycin A. Mechanistically, 18 not only induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, but also interfered with DNA synthesis. Therefore, compound 18 displayed pronounced in vitro and in vivo fungicidal activity against R. solani and could be used as a potential candidate for the control of rice sheath blight.

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Oreiro, Eula Gems, Earlyn Kate Grimares, Genelou Atienza-Grande, Ian Lorenzo Quibod, Veronica Roman-Reyna, and Ricardo Oliva. "Genome-Wide Associations and Transcriptional Profiling Reveal ROS Regulation as One Underlying Mechanism of Sheath Blight Resistance in Rice." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 33, no. 2 (2020): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-19-0141-r.

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Rice sheath blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, continues to be an important and challenging rice disease worldwide. Here, we used genome-wide association studies over a high-density rice array to facilitate the identification of potential novel genes and quantitative trait loci related to sheath blight resistance. We identified multiple regions that significantly associated with independent disease components in chromosomes 1, 4, and 11 under controlled condition. In particular, we investigated qLN1128, a quantitative trait locus enriched with defense-related genes that reduce disease lesions in a near-isogenic line. RNA profiling of the line carrying qLN1128 showed a number of differentially expressed genes related to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-redox pathway. Histochemical staining revealed less ROS accumulation on the resistant line, suggesting efficient ROS deregulation that delays pathogen colonization. The detection of genomic regions controlling multiple mechanisms of resistance to sheath blight will provide tools to design effective breeding interventions in rice.

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Kumar, Ilakiya Sharanee, and Kalaivani Nadarajah. "A Meta-Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Multiple Disease Resistance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Plants 9, no. 11 (2020): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9111491.

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Rice blast, sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight are major rice diseases found worldwide. The development of resistant cultivars is generally perceived as the most effective way to combat these diseases. Plant disease resistance is a polygenic trait where a combinatorial effect of major and minor genes affects this trait. To locate the source of this trait, various quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies have been performed in the past two decades. However, investigating the congruency between the reported QTL is a daunting task due to the heterogeneity amongst the QTLs studied. Hence, the aim of our study is to integrate the reported QTLs for resistance against rice blast, sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight and objectively analyze and consolidate the location of QTL clusters in the chromosomes, reducing the QTL intervals and thus identifying candidate genes within the selected meta-QTL. A total of twenty-seven studies for resistance QTLs to rice blast (8), sheath blight (15) and bacterial leaf blight (4) was compiled for QTL projection and analyses. Cumulatively, 333 QTLs associated with rice blast (114), sheath blight (151) and bacterial leaf blight (68) resistance were compiled, where 303 QTLs could be projected onto a consensus map saturated with 7633 loci. Meta-QTL analysis on 294 QTLs yielded 48 meta-QTLs, where QTLs with membership probability lower than 60% were excluded, reducing the number of QTLs within the meta-QTL to 274. Further, three meta-QTL regions (MQTL2.5, MQTL8.1 and MQTL9.1) were selected for functional analysis on the basis that MQTL2.5 harbors the highest number of QTLs; meanwhile, MQTL8.1 and MQTL9.1 have QTLs associated with all three diseases mentioned above. The functional analysis allows for determination of enriched gene ontology and resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and other defense-related genes. To summarize, MQTL2.5, MQTL8.1 and MQTL9.1 have a considerable number of R-genes that account for 10.21%, 4.08% and 6.42% of the total genes found in these meta-QTLs, respectively. Defense genes constitute around 3.70%, 8.16% and 6.42% of the total number of genes in MQTL2.5, MQTL8.1 and MQTL9.1, respectively. This frequency is higher than the total frequency of defense genes in the rice genome, which is 0.0096% (167 defense genes/17,272 total genes). The integration of the QTLs facilitates the identification of QTL hotspots for rice blast, sheath blight and bacterial blight resistance with reduced intervals, which helps to reduce linkage drag in breeding. The candidate genes within the promising regions could be utilized for improvement through genetical engineering.

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Kumar, Sanjeet, Opin Kumar, and S. P. Singh. "A review study on botanical pesticides for the management of stored grain insect pests." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 2, no. 01 (2017): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2017.2.1.15.

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Schurt, Daniel, Henrique Duarte, Fabricio Rodrigues, Ueder Lopes, and Henrique Duarte. "INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN CONTENT ON RICE LEAF SHEATHS ON SHEATH BLIGHT DEVELOPMENT." Scientia Agraria 17, no. 3 (2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rsa.v17i3.47208.

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Nuryanto, Bambang. "Penyakit Hawar Pelepah (Rhizoctonia solani) pada Padi dan Taktik Pengelolaannya." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 21, no. 2 (2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.22494.

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Rice sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (AG-1), is one of diseases currently growing and widespread in rice-producing areas in Indonesia. Widely planting of short-type and many tillers rice varieties with high doses fertilized, especially urea, can increase the severity of sheath blight disease. Sheath blight disease is becoming increasingly important role in the rice production system, especially in intensive rice farming. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze epidemic components affecting sheath blight development to determine their management strategies. The sheath blight disease is observed to develop more severe in low areas (0−200 m above sea levels) than in the moderate and high areas, severity of disease is seen to increase in short-type many tillers rice varieties. Initial inoculum are sclerotia and the mycelia in plant debris that have an important role in the rice sheath blight development. However, sclerotia may fail to germinate due colonized by various kinds of antagonistic bacteria in the soil. Bacteria that are antagonistic to R. solani can be isolated from paddy soil containing compost. Mature compost can suppress germination of sclerotia of R. solani by 14%, while in the mature compost enriched with antagonistic bacteria can suppress the germination of sclerotia by 28%. Relative humidity and temperature around the plant affect the development of rice sheath blight disease. Relative humidity decreased 2.8% when watering is only done by flooding the trench around, and decreased by 4.4% when flooding of land only 1 time per week. Sheath blight control by implementing some components in an integrated epidemic have higher chances of success in suppressing the disease development. IntisariPenyakit hawar pelepah padi yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (AG-1), merupakan salah satu penyakit yang saat ini berkembang dan tersebar luas di daerah-daerah penghasil padi di Indonesia. Penanaman secara luas padi varietas unggul tipe pendek beranakan banyak dan dipupuk dengan dosis tinggi terutama urea, dapat meningkatkan keparahan penyakit hawar pelepah. Penyakit hawar pelepah menjadi semakin penting peranannya di dalam sistem produksi padi sawah, terutama di daerah pertanian padi yang intensif. Oleh karena itu, perlu analisis komponen epidemi yang memengaruhi perkembangan hawar pelepah untuk menentukan strategi pengelolaannya. Pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa hawar pelepah berkembang lebih parah di daerah rendah (0−200 m dpl) daripada di daerah sedang dan tinggi, keparahan penyakit terlihat semakin meningkat pada varietas padi tipe pendek beranakan banyak. Inokulum awal berupa sklerosia dan miselium dalam serasah tanaman mempunyai peranan penting dalam perkembangan penyakit di pertanaman. Akan tetapi, sklerosia dapat gagal berkecambah karena dikoloni oleh berbagai spesies bakteri antagonis dalam tanah. Bakteri yang bersifat antagonis terhadap R. solani dapat diisolasi dari tanah sawah yang mengandung kompos. Kompos matang dapat menekan perkecambahan sklerosia sebesar 14%, sedangkan pada kompos matang yang diperkaya dengan bakteri antagonis dapat menekan perkecambahan sklerosia sebesar 28%. Kelembapan relatif dan suhu di sekitar tanaman padi memengaruhi perkembangan penyakit hawar pelepah. Kelembapan relatif menurun 2,8% ketika pengairan hanya dilakukan dengan cara penggenangan pada parit keliling, dan turun sebesar 4,4% ketika dilakukan penggenangan lahan 1 kali seminggu. Teknologi pengendalian hawar pelepah dengan menerapkan beberapa komponen epidemik secara terpadu mempunyai peluang keberhasilan tinggi dalam menekan perkembangan penyakit.

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Xue, X., Z. X. Cao, X. T. Zhang, et al. "Overexpression of OsOSM1 Enhances Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight." Plant Disease 100, no. 8 (2016): 1634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-15-1372-re.

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Sheath blight (SB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. It has been difficult to generate SB-resistant varieties through conventional breeding because of the quantitative nature of rice resistance to SB. In this study, we found that overexpression of the OsOSM1 gene, encoding an osmotin protein belonging to the pathogenesis-related protein 5 family, is able to improve rice resistance to SB in field tests. Although there are two osmotin genes in rice, OsOSM1 is the one mainly expressed in leaf sheath at the booting stage, coinciding with the critical stage of SB development in the field. In addition, OsOSM1 expression is strongly induced by R. solani in SB-resistant rice variety YSBR1 but not in susceptible varieties, suggesting its involvement in SB resistance. Overexpression of OsOSM1 (OsOSM1ox) in susceptible variety Xudao 3 significantly increases resistance to SB in transgenic rice. The OsOSM1 mRNA levels in different transgenic lines are found to be positively correlated with their SB resistance levels. Intriguingly, although extremely high levels of OsOSM1 were detrimental to rice development, appropriately elevated levels of OsSOM1 were obtained that enhanced rice SB resistance without affecting rice development or grain yield. The OsSOM1 protein is localized on plasma membrane. OsOSM1 is upregulated by jasmonic acid (JA); furthermore, JA-responsive marker genes are induced in OsOSM1ox lines. These results suggest that the activation of JA signaling pathway may account for the increased resistance in transgenic OsOSM1ox lines. Taken together, our results demonstrate that OsOSM1 plays an important role in defense against rice SB disease and provides a new target for engineering resistance to SB.

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Kobayashi, T., K. Ishiguro, T. Nakajima, H. Y. Kim, M. Okada, and K. Kobayashi. "Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on the Infection of Rice Blast and Sheath Blight." Phytopathology® 96, no. 4 (2006): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-96-0425.

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The effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on rice blast and sheath blight disease severity was studied in the field in northern Japan for 3 years. With free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE), rice plants were grown in ambient and elevated (≈200 to 280 μmol mol-1 above ambient) CO2 concentrations, and were artificially inoculated with consist of Magnaporthe oryzae. Rice plants grown in an elevated CO2 concentration were more susceptible to leaf blast than those in ambient CO2 as indicated by the increased number of leaf blast lesions. Plants grown under elevated CO2 concentration had lower leaf silicon content, which may have contributed to the increased susceptibility to leaf blast under elevated CO2 concentrations. In contrast to leaf blast, panicle blast severity was unchanged by the CO2 enrichment under artificial inoculation, whereas it was slightly but significantly higher under elevated CO2 concentrations in a spontaneous rice blast epidemic. For naturally occurring epidemics of the sheath blight development in rice plants, the percentage of diseased plants was higher under elevated as opposed to ambient CO2 concentrations. However, the average height of lesions above the soil surface was similar between the treatments. One hypothesis is that the higher number of tillers observed under elevated CO2 concentrations may have increased the chance for fungal sclerotia to adhere to the leaf sheath at the water surface. Consequently, the potential risks for infection of leaf blast and epidemics of sheath blight would increase in rice grown under elevated CO2 concentration.

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Willocquet, Laetitia, Francisco A. Elazegui, Nancy Castilla, et al. "Research Priorities for Rice Pest Management in Tropical Asia: A Simulation Analysis of Yield Losses and Management Efficiencies." Phytopathology® 94, no. 7 (2004): 672–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.7.672.

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A simulation study was conducted to assess the current and prospective efficiency of rice pest management and develop research priorities for lowland production situations in tropical Asia. Simulation modeling with the RICEPEST model provided the flexibility required to address varying production situations and diverse pest profiles (bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, brown spot, leaf blast, neck blast, sheath rot, white heads, dead hearts, brown plant-hoppers, insect defoliators, and weeds). Operational definitions for management efficacy (injury reduction) and management efficiency (yield gain) were developed. This approach enabled the modeling of scenarios pertaining to different pest management strategies within the agroecological contexts of rice production and their associated pest injuries. Rice pests could be classified into two broad research priority-setting categories with respect to simulated yield losses and management efficiencies. One group, including weeds, sheath blight, and brown spot, consists of pests for which effective pest management tools need to be developed. The second group consists of leaf blast, neck blast, bacterial leaf blight, and brown plant-hoppers, for which the efficiency of current management methods is to be maintained. Simulated yield losses in future production situations indicated that a new type of rice plant with high-harvest index and high-biomass production (“New Plant Type”) was more vulnerable to pests than hybrid rice. Simulations also indicated that the impact of deployment of host resistance (e.g., through genetic engineering) was much larger when targeted against sheath blight than when targeted against stem borers. Simulated yield losses for combinations of production situations and injury profiles that dominate current lowland rice production in tropical Asia ranged from 140 to 230 g m-2. For these combinations, the simulated efficiency of current pest management methods, expressed in terms of relative yield gains, ranged from 0.38 to 0.74. Overall, the analyses indicated that 120 to 200 × 106 tons of grain yield are lost yearly to pests over the 87 × 106 ha of lowland rice in tropical Asia. This also amounts to the potential gain that future pest management strategies could achieve, if deployed.

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Dey, Susmita, Jyothi Badri, Khushi Ram, A. K. Chhabra, and D. K. Janghel. "Current Status of Rice Breeding for Sheath Blight Resistance." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 02 (2019): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.020.

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Kumar, Rajiv. "Management of Sheath Blight and Blast Disease of Rice." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (2020): 1659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.206.

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Manjunatha, O., B. Vidya Sagar, V. Prakasam, and C. N. Narendra Reddy. "Variability Studies on Sheath Blight of Rice in Karnataka." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 10 (2018): 724–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.080.

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Che, K., Q. Zhan, Q. Xing, et al. "Tagging and mapping of rice sheath blight resistant gene." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 106, no. 2 (2003): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-1001-6.

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Lore, Jagjeet Singh, Mandeep Singh Hunjan, Pritpal Singh, Laetitia Willocquet, Srinivasachary Sri, and Serge Savary. "Phenotyping of Partial Physiological Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight." Journal of Phytopathology 161, no. 4 (2012): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jph.12055.

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Lin, Willie, C. S. Anuratha, Karabi Datta, Ingo Potrykus, S. Muthukrishnan, and Swapan K. Datta. "Genetic Engineering of Rice for Resistance to Sheath Blight." Nature Biotechnology 13, no. 7 (1995): 686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0795-686.

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Wang, Rui, Liaoxun Lu, Xuebiao Pan, et al. "Functional analysis of OsPGIP1 in rice sheath blight resistance." Plant Molecular Biology 87, no. 1-2 (2014): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-014-0269-7.

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Razu, Md Amanut Ullah, and Ismail Hossain. "Eco-Friendly Management of Rice Diseases." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (2015): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11977.

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Comparative efficacy of BAU-Biofungicide (2%), a product of Trichoderma harzianum, Garlic (Allium sativum) clove extract (5%), Allamanda(Allamanda cathartica) leaf extract (5%), Bion (25ppm), Amistar (0.1%) and Tilt 250EC (0.1%) were evaluated for eco-friendly managementof diseases of rice cv. BRRI Dhan-49 under field and laboratory conditions from July,2013 to March,2014. The field experiment was carriedout following Randomised Complete Block Design and the laboratory experiments were done following Completely Randomized Design.Brown spot, Narrow brown leaf spot, Bacterial leaf blight and Sheath blight were recorded in the field. The lowest incidence of brown spotand narrow brown leaf spot was observed in plots treated with BAU-Biofungicide and that of bacterial leaf blight was observed in plots sprayedwith Allamanda leaf extract. In case of sheath blight, the lowest incidence was observed in BAU-Biofungicide sprayed plots. The highest grainyield (3680.34kg/ha) was recorded in plots sprayed with BAU-Biofungicide which is 40.56% higher over control. The highest seed germination(%) was recorded when seeds were treated with Garlic clove extract (89.29%) followed by BAU-Biofungicide (87.30%). The prevalence ofseed-borne fungi was investigated by blotter method. The identified seed-borne fungal species were Bipolaris oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. Maximum reduction of seed-borne infection of pathogenswas obtained by treating seeds with BAU-Biofungicide (2% of seed weight).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11977 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 80-88

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Sriram, S., T. Raguchander, S. Babu, et al. "Inactivation of phytotoxin produced by the rice sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 6 (2000): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w00-018.

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The rice sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani, produces a toxin designated as RS-toxin, a carbohydrate compound containing mainly alpha-glucose and mannose. Different microflora were tested for RS-toxin inactivation. Isolates of Trichoderma viride inactivated this toxin when it was provided as the sole food source, and these isolates reduced the severity of toxin-induced symptoms and electrolyte leakage from rice cells. The best-performing isolate, TvMNT7, produced two extracellular proteins of 110 and 17 kDa. The high molecular mass protein was shown to have alpha-glucosidase activity. The purified 110 kDa protein was able to reduce RS-toxin activity.Key words: rice sheath blight disease, Rhizoctonia solani, RS-toxin, toxin inactivation, Trichoderma viride.

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SU, Pin, Xiao-lan LIAO, Ya ZHANG, and Huang HUANG. "Influencing Factors on Rice Sheath Blight Epidemics in Integrated Rice-Duck System." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 11, no. 9 (2012): 1462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(12)60146-4.

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Aggarwal, S. K., K. Neelam, Jyoti Jain, et al. "Identification of promising resistance sources against sheath blight from the annual wild species of rice Oryza nivara (Sharma et Shastry)." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 17, no. 6 (2019): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262119000315.

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AbstractSheath blight caused by soil borne necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani [teleomorph-Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk.] is a major disease of rice. The disease is increasing over the year in India and cause up to 69% yield loss under favourable conditions. A total of 67 accessions of Oryza nivara were screened to identify resistance against sheath blight during 2015. Out of these, 16 accessions were found moderately resistant (MR) which were further evaluated during the year 2016 and 2017. After three years of screening, 12 of them were found to have a consistent moderate resistant reaction whereas four of the O. nivara accessions namely, IRGC81941, IRGC102463C, CR100097 and CR100110A have shown moderately susceptible to susceptible reaction against sheath blight. A correlation study revealed that different disease variables measured were significantly (P < 0.05) correlated. All the genotypes and genotype × environment interaction had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on all the disease variables. Cluster analysis showed that all the accessions were clustered into four groups which showed resistant, MR, moderately susceptible and susceptible reactions. Among all the O. nivara accessions IRGC81941A showed the maximum potential against sheath blight due to a least relative lesion height of 22.80%. None of the accession had complete resistance to the disease. The identified promising accessions such as IRGC81835, IRGC81941A, CR100008 and CR100111B can be utilized in a sheath blight resistance breeding program.

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Peters, F. Á. Rodrigues, L. E. Datnoff, G. H. Korndörfer, K. W. Seebold, and M. C. Rush. "Effect of Silicon and Host Resistance on Sheath Blight Development in Rice." Plant Disease 85, no. 8 (2001): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.8.827.

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Rice cultivars high in partial resistance (Jasmine, LSBR-5), moderately susceptible (Drew and Kaybonnet), and susceptible (Lemont and Labelle) to sheath blight were grown in a silicon-deficient Histosol with and without calcium silicate slag. The treatment with silicon increased the concentration of this element in plant tissue by 80%over all experiments. Fertilization with silicon significantly reduced the severity of sheath blight, and the total area under the vertical lesion extension progress curve on moderately susceptible and susceptible cultivars compared to those cultivars high in partial resistance without silicon. The percentage of infected tillers was significantly reduced by 82, 42, 28, 41, 26, and 17%respectively for Jasmine, LSBR-5, Drew, Kaybonnet, Lemont, and Labelle, when silicon was applied, over all experiments. Dry matter accumulation was significantly greater with added silicon. In the absence of disease, silicon enhanced dry matter accumulation by 15%over the control, whereas silicon more than doubled the mean dry matter accumulation in infected plants. The application of silicon to complement host resistance to sheath blight appears to be an effective strategy for disease management in rice, especially when the soil is low or limiting in plant-available silicon.

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Yulia, Endah, and Fitri Widiantini. "Ekstrak Tanaman Binahong sebagai Pengendali Penyakit Hawar Pelepah Daun Padi." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 14, no. 4 (2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.4.138.

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Binahong Extract for Controlling Sheath Blight Disease of Rice PaddySheath blight disease, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is an important disease that can affect rice production. The disease is commonly controlled using synthetic fungicides. This study was aimed to test the potential of binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia) as botanical fungicide to inhibit the growth of R. solani and the development of blight disease on rice seedlings. The research was conducted in 2 stages, i.e. in vitro and rice seedling testing. In vitro test was carried out on PDA medium containing different concentrations of binahong leaf extract (0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Rice seedling testing was completed by soaking rice seeds in five concentrations of binahong leaf extract followed by inoculation of R. solani. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design. The variables observed consist of inhibitory ability of binahong leaf extract, colony morphology of R. solani, and disease incidence. Binahong leaf extract inhibited 35.2% growth of R. solani colonies. Treatment of binahong leaf extract had some effects on mycelium of R. solani; macroscopically the mycelium was shorter, thinner and congregated, whereas microscopically it was smaller, elongated and tended to be colourless compared to control. The treatment of 2% binahong leaf extract on rice seeds decreased the incidence of seedling blight disease with the effectiveness reached 100%. Thus, binahong leaf extract has the potential to suppress sheath blight disease caused by R. solani.

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Ramos-Molina, Lina Maria, Edisson Chavarro-Mesa, Danilo Augusto dos Santos Pereira, María del Rosario Silva-Herrera, and Paulo Cezar Ceresini. "Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA infects both rice and signalgrass in the Colombian Llanos." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 46, no. 1 (2016): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4638696.

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ABSTRACT Foliar blight and death of signalgrass (Urochloa spp.) pastures are caused by the Rhizoctonia solani fungus. This study aimed at determining which pathogens from the Rhizoctonia species complex are associated with leaf and sheath blight in Urochloa and rice, in the Colombian Llanos. Sympatric areas of Urochloa pastures adjacent to rice cropping areas were sampled using a linear transect system. The pathogens were identified using morphological traits, molecular detection based on specific primers and sequencing of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region. R. solani AG-1 IA predominated as the pathogen associated with foliar blight in all samples from U. brizantha cv. 'Toledo' and hybrid Urochloa cv. 'Mulato'. Besides R. solani AG-1 IA (18 % of the samples), Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae (71 %) and Sclerotium hydrophilum (11 %) were also detected. In the cross-pathogenicity test, the R. solani AG-1 IA fungus was the most aggressive to Urochloa, while R. oryzae-sativae produced very mild infection symptoms. This is the first report of R. oryzae-sativae and S. hydrophilum associated with the complex of rice sheath blight diseases in Colombia.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rice sheath blight'

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