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Journal articles on the topic 'Rician fading'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

KRSTIĆ, DRAGANA, SUAD SULJOVIĆ, MIHAJLO STEFANOVIĆ, MUNEER MASADEH BANI YASSEIN, and DANIJELA ALEKSIĆ. "New Results and Applications about the Level Crossing Rate of SC Receiver output Signal in the Presence of Gamma Shadowing and k-μ or Rician Multipath Fading." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 20 (June 28, 2021): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2021.20.15.

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In this paper,the wireless communication system with dual SC receiver operating over shadowed multipath fading channel is considered. The multipath fadingis k-μor Rician.The received signal experiences the short term fading which is resulting in SC receiver envelope variation and Gamma long term fading resulting in SC receiver envelope power variation. The closed form expressions for joint probability density functions of SC receiver output signal envelope and their first derivative of SC receiver output signal envelope are calculated for both, k-μand Rician fading. These expressions are used for evaluation of average level crossing rate of SC receiver output signal envelopes. The numerical expressions are plotted to show the effect of Rician fading severity parameter and Gamma shadowing severity parameter on the average level crossing rate of SC receiver output signal envelope.

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2

Abu-Dayya, Adnan A., and Norman C. Beaulieu. "Microdiversity on rician fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 42, no. 6 (June 1994): 2258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.293677.

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3

Lopez-Fernandez, J., Jose F. Paris, and Eduardo Martos-Naya. "Bivariate Rician Shadowed Fading Model." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 1 (January 2018): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2017.2744800.

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4

Brkic, Srdjan, and Predrag Ivanis. "Energy detector performance in Rician fading channel." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 10, no. 1 (2013): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1301037b.

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In this paper we analyzed the problem of detection of unknown signals in the Rician fading channel. A closed-form expression for the probability of detection is derived, followed by the numerical results. The analysis was extended to the case of cooperative sensor network in which the environment can be modelled by independent Rician fading channels.

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5

Jovanovic, Predrag, Dragan Mitic, Aleksandar Lebl, and Radoslav Rajkovic. "Display probability of symbol errors for MQAM on Rician fading channel based on MGF method." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 25, no. 1 (2015): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor130128036j.

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In this paper, we present a method to calculate the probability of error per symbol (Symbol Error Probability, SEP) of M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM) over a slow, flat, identically independently distributed Rician fading channels. Since the fading is one of the major constraints in wireless communications, then diversity modulation technique is used for the efficient transfer of message signals. Exact analysis of error probability per symbol for MQAM, transmitted over Rician fading channels, is performed by N branches of diversity reception using maximum ratio of signal-to-noise power (maximal-ratio-combining, MRC), where the information in the channel on the receiver side is known. The performances of MQAM over Rician fading channels are here also analyzed. Approximate formula is used to represent SEP for MQAM transmitted over Gaussian channels. Boundary condition for the approximation is M?4 and 0?SNR?30 dB.

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Hu, Yifan, Ning Cao, and Yunfei Chen. "Analysis of Wireless Energy Harvesting Relay Throughput in Rician Channel." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8798494.

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Cooperative communication uses idle nodes to achieve performance gains. Energy harvesting allows cooperative communication to be less dependent on batteries. In this paper, the performance of energy harvesting (EH) amplify-and-forward relaying is analyzed for Rician fading channels, in contrast to previous works that focused on Rayleigh fading channels. Continuous time EH protocol and discrete time EH protocol are considered. Analytical expressions for the average throughput are derived. Numerical results are presented to show the good performance of the system in Rician fading channels by examining various system parameters using the analytical expressions.

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Ho, Danh H., and T. Aaron Gulliver. "Outage Probability and Normalized SINR-Based Power Allocation over Rician Fading Channels." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (October 8, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8818579.

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This paper considers power allocation in cellular networks over Rician fading channels. The goal is to improve the power consumption and energy efficiency as well as satisfy as many users as possible subject to user outage probability and normalized signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) constraints. The exact outage probability over Rician fading channels is determined using the moment-generating function (MGF). Further, upper and lower bounds on the outage probability are derived. These are used to characterize the relationship between outage probability and normalized SINR in Rician fading channels. Power allocation algorithms for power minimization and energy efficiency are proposed. Simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the proposed schemes with existing methods in terms of power consumption, throughput, energy efficiency, outage probability, and number of unsatisfied users.

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8

ARYANTA, DWI, and RIENZY PRATAMA LONDONG ALLO. "Dynamic Spatial Diversity Combiner pada Kanal Fading." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v7i3.466.

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ABSTRAKKanal transmisi radio berkontribusi pada terjadinya efek fading yang dapat berpengaruh pada terjadinya penurunan kualitas sinyal pada penerima. Salah satu solusi yang digunakan untuk menekan efek fading adalah penggunaan Spatial Diversity di sisi penerima. Pada penelitian ini digunakan suatu teknik Dynamic Spatial Diversity Combining yang memadukan Selection Combining, Equal Gain Combining, dan Maximal Ratio Combining untuk mendapatkan kinerja combiner yang lebih efektif dan efisien. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan modulasi BPSK pada beberapa jenis kanal yaitu Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m, Weibull, dan Suzuki. Hasil simulasi MATLAB menunjukkan bahwa secara umum kanal yang mendapatkan perbaikan kinerja penerimaan, dimana nilai terendah sebesar 2 dB terjadi pada kanal Suzuki dan tertinggi sebesar 4 dB pada kanal Weibull.Kata kunci: fading, spatial diversity, rayleigh, rician, weibull, nakagami, suzuki. ABSTRACTRadio transmission channels contribute to the occurrence of fading effects that can affect the decrease in signal quality at the receiver. One solution that is used to suppress fading effects is the use of Spatial Diversity on the receiving side. In this research, a Dynamic Spatial Diversity Combining technique is used which combines Selection Combining, Equal Gain Combining, and Maximal Ratio Combining to get a more effective and efficient combiner performance. Simulation is done using BPSK modulation on several types of canals, namely Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagamim, Weibull, and Suzuki. The MATLAB simulation results show that in general canals that get improved performance, where the lowest value of 2 dB occurs on the Suzuki channel and the highest is 4 dB on the Weibull canal.Keywords: fading, spatial diversity, rayleigh, rician, weibull, nakagami, suzuki.

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9

Dai, Jingke. "Bit-Error-Rate Analysis of Raptor Codes over Rician Fading Channels." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2020 (June 8, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2685075.

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The bit-error-rate expressions of nonsystematic Raptor (NR) codes and systematic Raptor (SR) codes over Rician fading channels are first derived using a Gaussian approximation (GA) approach. These BER expressions provide a significant reduction in computational complexity for analyzing system performance when compared with simulation and discretized density evolution (DDE). As shown by the asymptotic analysis, the NR codes originally designed for binary erasure channels still have good performance on Rician fading channels but SR codes do not. Therefore, the degree distributions of SR codes are specifically optimized on Rician channels which are superior to the existing SR codes and comparable to NR codes.

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10

García-Corrales, Celia, Francisco J. Cañete, and José F. Paris. "Capacity ofκ-μShadowed Fading Channels." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/975109.

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The ergodic capacity of fading channels modeled with aκ-μshadowed distribution is investigated to derive closed-form expressions. Theκ-μshadowed distribution is of particular interest because it contains, as special cases, other classical ones like one-side Gaussian, Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m,κ-μ, and Rician shadowed distributions. The paper discusses the physical meaning of the distribution parameter variations and also their impact on the channel capacity. These results can be used to study the behavior of different channels like the ones in underwater acoustic communications, land mobile satellite systems, body centric communications, and other wireless communication applications. The analytical closed-form expression results are validated with numerical simulations.

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Simmons, Nidhi, Carlos Rafael Nogueira da Silva, Simon L. Cotton, Paschalis C. Sofotasios, and Michel Daoud Yacoub. "Double Shadowing the Rician Fading Model." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 8, no. 2 (April 2019): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2871677.

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Bonsu, K. A., K. O. Boateng, J. K. Oppong, and K. A. Dotche. "Small-Scale Fading Characteristics in Cellular Networks in Ghana." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 5, no. 3 (July 2013): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitn.2013070103.

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Fading is the most observed and frustrating problem in transmitting and receiving radio signals. A Study in correlation properties of fading helps to design proper communication systems that are robust to it. In this work, received power signal was obtained by drive-test technique. The analysis was determined using distribution fitting tool in Matlab software 7.5.0 (R2007b). The following fading distributions were used, Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m, Lognormal and Weibull. Weibull fading distribution was found to give the best description of fading experienced in Ghana.On the other hand, Rician distribution, Nakagami-m distribution and lognormal distribution have less agreement with the measured data while Rayleigh fading distribution has much less agreement with measured data. The obtained mean scale parameter and the mean shape parameter in the Weibull distribution for the environment considered were 133.76 and 15.93, respectively. Furthermore, the path loss exponents in the near and far fields were also calculated; and the standard deviation of shadowing fell in the range of 4.368dB to 6.180dB.

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13

Sheng, Xutao, Guangyue Lu, Liqin Shi, and Yinghui Ye. "Performance Analysis of Hybrid Protocol Based AF EH Relaying over Asymmetric Fading Channels." Information 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10020050.

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Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer is a practicable solution to encourage energy-constrained relay nodes to cooperate with the source to transmit information to the destination. In this paper, we study the outage performance of hybrid protocol based amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks over asymmetric fading channels, where the source-relay link and the relay-destination link are subjected to Rician fading and Rayleigh fading, respectively. In particular, we derive the lower bound of outage probability and the upper bound of outage capacity based on a high signal-to-noise ratio approximation, respectively. We further investigate the effects of various system parameters, such as the parameters of hybrid protocol, the target rate, and the Rician K-factor, on the investigated network. It is shown that a good selection of parameters of hybrid protocol is of significance to improve system capacity, and that a larger Rician factor is desirable in the investigated network.

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14

Lin, Gu-Rong, and Stefan M. Moser. "The Fading Number of a Multiple-Access Rician Fading Channel." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 57, no. 8 (August 2011): 4983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2011.2158470.

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15

Amlavad, Prerna, and Mukesh Ptidar. "Performance Analysis of Different QAM Techniques Using Rician Fading Channel." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-1 (December 31, 2018): 1123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd20214.

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16

Haghani, Sasan, and Norman Beaulieu. "Predetection Switched Combining in Correlated Rician Fading." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 6, no. 8 (August 2007): 2788–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2007.06061.

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17

Yonglan Zhu, Yan Xin, and Pooi-Yuen Kam. "Outage Probability of Rician Fading Relay Channels." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 57, no. 4 (July 2008): 2648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2007.912603.

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18

Smith, W. S., and P. H. Wittke. "Differential detection of GMSK in Rician fading." IEEE Transactions on Communications 42, no. 2/3/4 (February 1994): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.1994.577013.

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19

Ghareeb, Ibrahim, and Deemah Tashman. "Statistical analysis of cascaded Rician fading channels." International Journal of Electronics Letters 8, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21681724.2018.1545925.

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20

González-Aurioles, Santiago, J. L. Padilla, P. Padilla, Juan F. Valenzuela-Valdés, and Juan C. Gonzalez-Macias. "On the MIMO Capacity for Distributed System under Composite Rayleigh/Rician Fading and Shadowing." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/105017.

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Wireless channels are commonly affected by short-term fading and long-term fading (shadowing). The shadowing effects must be taken into account also when mobility is present in the wireless scenario. Using a composite fading model, the total channel capacity can be studied for a scenario with short-term Rayleigh fading along with shadowing. This work provides quantitative results for these kinds of scenarios with Rayleigh fading and shadowing, considering also multiple-input and multiple-output systems, which have not been previously reported. In addition, the channel capacity has been studied in depth in its relation with the shadowing level, signal to noise ratio, and the number of elements in the multiple-input and multiple-output system. Moreover, the channel performance with shadowing has been compared to the one without it. Furthermore, Rician model with shadowing is studied and its results are reported. In addition, correlated and experimental results are provided. It is identified that the distributed MIMO systems can benefit from shadowing in Rician channels. This advantage has not been reported previously. This type of fading is proposed for massive MIMO by others and our results open the door to emulate massive MIMO on a reverberation chamber.

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21

Liu, Xian. "Probability of Strictly Positive Secrecy Capacity of the Rician-Rician Fading Channel." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 2, no. 1 (February 2013): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcl.2012.101812.120660.

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22

Mandal, Nasiba, and Tapan P. Bagchi. "A New Analytical Approach to Estimate Fading in Mobile Communication System Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 619 (August 2014): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.619.322.

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This paperprovides a novel analytical platform for evaluating theessential second order statistical boundaries for fading in mobile communication for average fade duration (AFD) and levelcrossing rate (LCR) of Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami fading channels. We derive new expressions for average LCR and AFD. We then model and computationally simulate the proposed method for Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami channels and separately calculate the LCR and AFD for each channel by this approach. Simulated results obtained for all three channels show that the values of LCR and AFD calculated by using the proposed approach are much closer to actual simulated values than what conventional theoretical formulas deliver.

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Pešović, Uroš, and Peter Planinšič. "Error Probability Model for IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Communication." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 11 (August 14, 2016): 1650135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616501358.

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Wireless transmission compliant to IEEE 802.15.4 standard can be significantly affected by background noise, multipath fading and interference from other radio sources. The influence of such disturbances is most commonly expressed in a form of error probability statistics. Accurate analytical error probability model is hard to acquire, since IEEE 802.15.4 standard uses imperfect spreading sequences. Some prior works in this field tend to idealize these imperfect spreading sequences in order to simplify calculations for error probability parameters. This paper presents an analytical error probability model for IEEE 802.15.4 communication in Rician fading channel, which uses original imperfect spreading sequences without their idealization. Proposed error probability model consists of mutually dependent chip, symbol, bit and packet error probability models. Presented theoretical results are confirmed by independent numerical simulation of IEEE 802.15.4 transmission through Rician fading channel according to the Monte Carlo method.

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Krstic, Dragana, Petar Nikolic, Danijela Aleksic, Sinisa Minic, Dragan Vuckovic, and Mihajlo Stefanovic. "Product of Three Random Variables and its Application in Relay Telecommunication Systems in the Presence of Multipath Fading." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 29, 2019): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.130018.

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In this paper, the product of three random variables (RVs) will be considered. Distribution of the product of independent random variables is very important in many applied problems, including wireless relay telecommunication systems. A few of such products of three random variables are observed in this work: the level crossing rate (LCR) of the product of a Nakagami-m random variable, a Rician random variable and a Rayleigh random variable, and of the products of two Rician RVs and one Nakagami-m RV is calculated in closed forms and presented graphically. The LCR formula may be later used for derivation of average fade duration (AFD) of a wireless relay communication radio system with three sections, working in the multipath fading channel. The impact of fading parameters and multipath fading power on the LCR is analyzed based on the graphs presented.

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Aljuneidi, Wassim Yassin, Yasser M. Jaamour, and Khaldoun Khorzom. "Approximating Shadowed Rician Model to Other Simpler Models." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2016010101.

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Shadowed Rician model is considered to be the most appropriate that is used to characterize the impairments seen in wireless channels, which suffer Line-Of-Sight (LOS) shadowing and small-scale fading. In this model, the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) per symbol needs numerical solutions to be evaluated. More than that, for some values of the fading parameters, the numerical solution converging too slowly, and so needs too much time to be evaluated. This is considered as a problem in real time applications where delay is a critical issue. In this paper, the authors present and prove approximations for Shadowed Rician model according to the values of the fading parameters, which are the Rice factor and the Shadowing standard deviation. With the proposed approximation, the required PDF could be written in intervals which make it easier to calculate at parameters values that causes slow converging.

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26

He, Junyi, Junnan Zhang, Cheng Song, and Mengxiang Wu. "Spectral Efficiency of the Multiway Massive System over Rician Fading Channels." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (February 24, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6618363.

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In this study, we consider a multiway massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) relay network over Rician fading channels, where all users intend to share their information with the other users via amplify-and-forward (AF) relays equipped with a great number of antennas. More practical, the imperfect channel state information (CSI) is taken into account. To evaluate the performance of the considered networks, we derived an analytical approximation expression for the spectral efficiency with zero-forcing (ZF) receivers in a closed form. To obtain more insights, the asymptotic analysis as the number of relay antenna approaching infinity is carried out. Finally, the power scaling law is analyzed for two scenarios. The results reveal that (1) massive MIMO is capable of compensating the loss caused by Rician fading, (2) the sum spectral efficiency increases with the increase of the Rician factor, and (3) deploying large-scale antenna is effective to save cost and keep performance.

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Bhutto, Zuhaibuddin, and Wonyong Yoon. "Dual-Hop Cooperative Relaying with Beamforming Under Adaptive Transmission in κ–μ Shadowed Fading Environments." Electronics 8, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060658.

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In this paper, we analyze the performance of a dual-hop cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) relaying system with beamforming under different adaptive transmission techniques over κ − μ shadowed fading channels. We consider multiple antennas at the source and destination, and communication takes place via a single antenna relay. The published work in the literature emphasized the performance analysis of dual-hop DF relaying systems, in conjunction with different adaptive transmission techniques for classical fading channels. However, in a real scenario, shadowing of the line-of-sight (LoS) signal is caused by complete or partially blockage of the LoS by environmental factors such as trees, buildings, mountains, etc., therefore, transmission links may suffer from fading as well as shadowing, either concurrently or separately. Hence, the κ − μ shadowed fading model was introduced to emulate such general channel conditions. The κ − μ shadowed fading model is a general fading model that can perfectly model the fading and shadowing effects of the wireless channel in a LoS propagation environment, and it includes some classical fading models as special cases, such as κ − μ , Rician, Rician-shadowed, Nakagami- m ^ , One-sided Gaussian, and Rayleigh fading. In this work, we derive the outage probability and average capacity expressions in an analytical form for different adaptive transmission techniques: (1) optimal power and rate adaptation (OPRA); (2) optimal rate adaptation and constant transmit power (ORA); (3) channel inversion with a fixed rate (CIFR); and (4) truncated channel inversion with a fixed rate (TIFR). We evaluate the system performance for different arrangements of antennas and for different fading and shadowing parameters. The obtained analytical expressions are verified through extensive Monte Carlo simulations.

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Ferreira Dias, Claudio, Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima, and Gustavo Fraidenraich. "Bit Error Rate Closed-Form Expressions for LoRa Systems under Nakagami and Rice Fading Channels." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 4412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204412.

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We derive exact closed-form expressions for Long Range (LoRa) bit error probability and diversity order for channels subject to Nakagami-m, Rayleigh and Rician fading. Analytical expressions are compared with numerical results, showing the accuracy of our proposed exact expressions. In the limiting case of the Nakagami and Rice parameters, our bit error probability expressions specialize into the non-fading case.

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Ozdogan, Ozgecan, Emil Bjornson, and Erik G. Larsson. "Massive MIMO With Spatially Correlated Rician Fading Channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 67, no. 5 (May 2019): 3234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2019.2893221.

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Le, Khoa N. "Distributions of Multivariate Correlated Rayleigh and Rician Fading." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 63, no. 12 (December 2017): 7777–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2017.2745706.

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Sivasubramanian, B., and H. Leib. "Fixed-Rate Raptor Codes Over Rician Fading Channels." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 57, no. 6 (November 2008): 3905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2008.923664.

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Kun-Wah Yip and Tung-Sang Ng. "Matched filter bound for multipath Rician-fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 46, no. 4 (April 1998): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.664296.

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Roberts, J. A., and J. M. Bargallo. "DPSK performance for indoor wireless Rician fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 42, no. 2/3/4 (February 1994): 592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.1994.577086.

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34

Bilim, Mehmet. "Effective throughput of alternate rician shadowed fading links." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 15, no. 6 (March 30, 2020): 928–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.23135.

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35

Hamdi, Khairi. "Capacity of MRC on Correlated Rician Fading Channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 56, no. 5 (May 2008): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2008.060381.

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36

Tjhung, T. T., Chun Loo, and N. P. Secord. "BER performance of DQPSK in slow Rician fading." Electronics Letters 28, no. 18 (1992): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19921122.

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Lin, Jia-ru, and Wei-ling Wu. "Performance Analysis of LDPC on Rician Fading Channels." Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11460-005-0020-x.

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38

Ni, Jiqing, Zesong Fei, Chengwen Xing, Di Zhao, Niwei Wang, and Jingming Kuang. "Secrecy Balancing over Two-User MISO Interference Channels with Rician Fading." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/546260.

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This paper considers a 2-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) interference channel with confidential messages (IFC-CM), in which the Rician channel model is assumed. The coordinated beamforming vectors at the two transmitters have the similar parameterizations as those for perfect CSI, which could be optimized jointly and achieved by agreeing on the real parameters between the two users. Our main contribution is that a quadratic relationship between the two real-valued parameters can be derived for the Rician channel to reach the ergodic secrecy rate balancing point. Simulation results present the secrecy performance over the 2-user MISO IFC-CM scenario.

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Jaksic, Branimir, Mihajlo Stefanovic, Danijela Aleksic, Dragan Radenkovic, and Sinisa Minic. "First-Order Statistical Characteristics of Macrodiversity System with Three Microdiversity MRC Receivers in the Presence of k-µ Short-Term Fading and Gamma Long-Term Fading." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9689586.

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Macrodiversity system with macrodiversity SC receiver and three microdiversity MRC (maximum ratio combining) receivers is considered. Independent k-μ short-term fading and correlated Gamma long-term fading are present at the inputs of microdiversity MRC receivers. For this model, the probability density function and the cumulative density function of microdiversity MRC receivers and macrodiversity SC receiver output signal envelopes are calculated. Influences of Gamma shadowing severity, k-μ multipath fading severity, Rician factor and correlation coefficient at probability density function, and cumulative density function of macrodiversity SC receiver output signal envelopes are graphically presented.

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Tripathi, Khushboo, and S. D. Dixit. "Effect of Channel Fading on the Performance of Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.643.

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In this paper the application spectrum of wireless ad hoc network is a typical battle field monitoring system for the public safety purpose and military sector where the sensor network simulator architecture is used to provide support for sensing capabilities in network nodes for different mobility conditions. Rayleigh and Rician fading (K=3) model is used for the effect of channel fading in the network scenario. The channel fading incurs extra network overhead in the PHY, MAC and Network layer. A comprehensive study on the performance of ad hoc network routing protocols under realistic network scenarios with the effect of channel fading models is presented.

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ALI-HEMMATI, RUHOLLAH, and PAEIZ AZMI. "CLIPPING DISTORTION SUPPRESSION IN OVERSAMPLED CODED OFDM SYSTEMS USING A NOVEL SOFT DECODING PROCEDURE." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 08, no. 03n04 (December 2008): L349—L357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477508005070.

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In this paper, a soft decoding method is proposed for QAM-modulated coded OFDM systems. This technique efficiently mitigates the distortion caused by clipping the oversampled-OFDM signals. Because the main advantage of an OFDM system is its robustness in fading channels, where this system turns a frequency selective channel into a set of parallel flat non-selective fading sub-channels, in this paper, we analyze the performance of the proposed method over flat fading Rician sub-channels. Our simulation results show that the proposed soft decoding technique significantly outper-forms the conventional hard decoding method.

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Haque, M. D., S. E. Ullah, M. M. Rahman, and M. Ahmed. "BER Performance Analysis of a Concatenated Low Density Parity Check Encoded OFDM System in AWGN and Fading Channels." Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 1 (December 25, 2009): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v2i1.2724.

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In this paper, we investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance of a concatenated low density parity check (LDPC) encoded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system on color image transmission. In FEC concatenated channel coding, the OFDM wireless communication system incorporates 1/2-rated convolution encoder under various digital modulations (QPSK, 8PSK, QAM, 8QAM, 16QAM and 32QAM) over an additative white gaussian noise (AWGN) and other fading (Raleigh and Rician) channels. Computer simulation results on BER demonstrate that the LDPC encoded OFDM system outperforms with QAM modulation technique as compared to other digital modulation scheme and the system is highly effective to combat inherent interferences under Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. The transmitted color image is found to have retrieved effectively under noisy and fading situations with implementation of sum-product algorithm, an effective iterative based LDPC decoding scheme. It has also been anticipated that the performance of the communication system degrades with the increasing of noise power. Keywords: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM); Low density parity check (LDPC); Bit error rate (BER). © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i1.2724 J. Sci. Res. 2 (1), 46-53 (2010)

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Chandra, A., and C. Bose. "Error Probability for Coherent Modulations in Rician Fading Channel." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 1, no. 2 (April 2009): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitn.2009040102.

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KOH, Il-Suek, and Taewon HWANG. "Simple Expression of Ergodic Capacity for Rician Fading Channel." IEICE Transactions on Communications E93-B, no. 6 (2010): 1594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e93.b.1594.

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Wang, Junfeng, Xiurong Ma, Jianfu Teng, and Yue Cui. "Efficient and accurate simulator for Rayleigh and Rician fading." Transactions of Tianjin University 18, no. 4 (August 2012): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12209-012-1888-1.

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Huang, Yih-Jinn, and Bor-Sen Chen. "Decision feedback equalization of frequency-selective Rician fading channels." Signal Processing 76, no. 2 (July 1999): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1684(99)00003-1.

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kaur, Jaspreet, Megha Khanna, and Gurjot Singh Gaba. "Performance Analysis of Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channel Model." International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering 12, no. 8 (August 31, 2017): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2017.12.8.04.

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Qu, S., and S. M. Fleisher. "Double differential MPSK on the fast Rician fading channel." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 41, no. 3 (1992): 278–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/25.155975.

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Kegen Yu and I. Oppermann. "Performance of decorrelating receivers in multipath Rician fading channels." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 5, no. 8 (August 2006): 2009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2006.1687713.

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Davarian, F. "Fade margin calculation for channels impaired by Rician fading." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 34, no. 1 (February 1985): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-vt.1985.24033.

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