Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ridge Ending

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ridge Ending'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ridge Ending"

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Ardra, Vijay V. R.*. "Comparative and Identify the Kunckle Prints in Right and Left Hand of Male and Female, On the Basis of Bifurcation and Ridge Ending." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 5 (2025): 117–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15345253.

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Knuckle prints are unique patterns, it contains ridges and furrows on the dorsal surface of the hand. Knuckle prints are used biometric identifier. These prints contain biological features like minutiae.The objective of this research is to investigate, the comparative analysis of knuckle prints in both hands of male and female individual. The study emphasizes the variations in ridge endings and bifurcations between right and left hand. Data collection involves gathering knuckle patterns from individuals aged 20 and above, with a target of 100 samples from each gender. The analysis focuses on the knuckle prints of the right and left hand of both genders, comparing the counts of ridge ending and bifurcation.   The study aims to determine which hand exhibits a greater number of bifurcations and ridge endings, thereby facilitating personal and gender identification through knuckle prints. Samples are obtained via photography using a mobile camera, ensuring that the lens is used without flash during daylight against a black background. The captured knuckle print images are then converted to black and white to enhance their sharpness and clarity, utilizing the B and W 07 profiles in the Adobe Lightroom application.  In here I count bifurcation and ridge ending in each figure and total count of right and left hand separately. The comparisons were made between the right and left hands, as well as between male and female subjects. The results indicate notable differences in the distribution of these minutiae between genders and hands.
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P., S. Aithal, and Prasad K. Krishna. "Fingerprint Image Segmentation: A Review of State of the Art Techniques." International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS) 2, no. 2 (2017): 28–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.848191.

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In Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS), pre-processing of the image is a crucial process in deciding the quality and performance of the system. Pre-processing is consists many stages as Segmentation, Enhancement, Binarisation, and Thinning. In this segmentation is one of the steps of pre-processing which differentiate foreground and background region of fingerprint images. Segmentation is the separation of the fingerprint region or extraction of the presence of ridges from the background of the initial image. Segmentation is necessary because it constructs the region of interest from the input image, reduces the processing time, increases the recognition or matching process performance, and reduces the probability of false feature extraction. A 100% accurate segmentation is always very difficult, especially in the very poor quality image or partial image filled with noise such as the presence of latent. Fingerprints are made of Ridge and Valley structure and their features are classified in three levels as Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. Level 1 Features are singular macro details like ridge pattern and ridge flows. Level 2 is ridge local features like ridge bifurcation and ridge ending or simply minutiae points or ridge orientation. Level 3 is micro details like sweat pores, incipient ridges. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art techniques of fingerprint image segmentation and contribution of other researchers on segmentation. This paper also discusses a different class of segmentation algorithms with its measuring parameters, computational complexity, advantages, limitations, and applications.
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Subhashini, Mrs S., and Dr P. Umamaheswari. "TEXTURE BASED FINGER PRINT IDENTIFICATION." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, no. 12 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem27468.

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In recent days , many digital finger print image based identification applications are used widely for human identity . Finger print features like minutiae (ridge lines, bifurcation, ridge ending) delta point, core point, texture patterns of ridges and valleys etc., are used for finger print identification. Reliable finger print identification system uses the finger print features to provide higher accuracy . Many finger print identification systems have been proposed based on minutiae , ridge lines. But these systems performance are not effective as compared to texture based methods. In this article , significance of feature extraction techniques , various texture based finger print identification methods are investigated and analysed . Limitations of minutiae, , and based identification systems are discussed. Also how effective the texture based identification systems are discussed. A comparative analysis of experimental results of various methods of finger print identification is done. This paper is concluded with the finding of appropriate method of texture based feature extraction for effective identity authentication. Keywords : Finger print feature, Texture feature, feature extraction, ridges, finger print recognition.
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K., Krishna Prasad, and S. Aithal P. "A STUDY ON PRE AND POST PROCESSING OF FINGERPRINT THINNED IMAGE TO REMOVE SPURIOUS MINUTIAE FROM MINUTIAE TABLE." International Journal of Current Research and Modern Education 3, no. 1 (2018): 197–212. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1174543.

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In Fingerprint recognition, after the initial preprocessing, the feature is extracted from the Fingerprint thinned image. Extraction of crucial and beneficial capabilities or features of interest from a fingerprint image is an essential venture during recognition. Feature extraction algorithms pick handiest or only applicable features important for enhancing the performance of matching and recognition rate and outcomes with the feature vector. The feature extraction algorithms or techniques require only relevant features like minutiae details and do not require any background details or domain-specific details. They need to be smooth or easy to compute with a purpose to gain a viable or practicable technique for a huge image series. Minutiae details or fingerprint ridge ending or bifurcation details using skeletonized or thinning approach is a very popular method for feature extraction. The preprocessed thinned image is further post-processed to remove some false minutiae from minutiae table and which is generated through crossing number theory. One more purpose of post-processing is to reduce the number of minutiae points by removing false minutiae structures like spurs, ride breaks, short ridge, holes or islands, bridges, and ladders. In this paper w × w window neighborhood is considered for each minutia in Minutiae Table. Minutiae Table contains Ridge ending or bifurcation code as 1 or 3 with its location details means x and y position in two columns and the sum of these details as its fourth column. These Minutiae tables are used for generating Fingerprint Hash code, which can be used as index-or identity key in order to uniquely identify an individual person or as one factor in Multifactor Authentication Model.
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Singh, Harminder, Rashmi Sharma, Gaurav Bhargava, Subodh Kumar, and Prabhpreet Singh. "AIE + ESIPT based red fluorescent aggregates for visualization of latent fingerprints." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 15 (2018): 12900–12907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02646g.

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DPSA shows applications in establishing the individuality of three subjects using the 1st (pattern of arch, loop or whorl) and 2nd (minutiae details of dots, ridge ending, core and delta) level of information.
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Ahmed, Athraa A., and Salwan Y. Bede. "The accuracy of ridge mapping procedure in determining the alveolar ridge width." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 30, no. 4 (2018): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v30i4.2551.

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Background: Post-extraction alveolar ridge resorption is unavoidable phenomenon ending with insufficient ridge width. Measuring the physical dimensions of the available bone before implant surgery is an important aspect of diagnosis and treatment planning. Bone height can be calculated from radiographs, while bucco-lingual ridge width can be measured by conventional tomography, CT scanning and ridge mapping.
 Radiographic techniques have certain disadvantages. Therefore the ridge mapping technique was used as an option for determining alveolar ridge width.
 The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of alveolar ridge width measurements obtained with ridge mapping technique before surgical flap reflection against direct caliper measurement following surgical exposure of the bone.
 Materials and Methods: This prospective observational clinical study included 21 patients; 9 males (42.9%) and 12 females (57.1%) with mean age of 40.8. A vacuum formed acrylic stent was fabricated for each subject. The stent provided two buccal/lingual pairs of consistent measurement points to provide a reference of measurement for each implant site located 3 and 6 mm from the crest of alveolar soft tissue. Measurements (n=216) were made at 54 implant sites, the measurements obtained from the two techniques were compared and then accuracy of these methods was assessed. The mean, standard deviation, standard error of mean were calculated and subjected to statistical analysis using Student’s unpaired t- test, values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
 Results: There was no statistically significant difference between ridge mapping technique and intra-operative measurement in determining alveolar ridge width.
 Conclusion: The ridge mapping technique is a useful method in determining alveolar ridge width for its exactitude, low cost, the immediate result and no need of radiation.
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Krishna, Prasad. K., and Aithal Sreeramana. "Literature Review on Fingerprint Level 1 and Level 2 Features Enhancement to Improve Quality of Image." International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS) 2, no. 2 (2017): 8–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.835608.

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Biometrics is the one most popular property in human distinguishing proof based on physical or behavioral features. The different physiological characteristics are Fingerprint, DNA, Face, hand, retina, ear features, and odor, where as behavioral characteristics or features are typing rhythm, gait, gesture, and voice with the basic premise that all are unique and all human beings are identified by these intrinsic traits. In the physiological traits, Fingerprint is most commonly utilized the biometric feature in diverse fields for identification and verification purpose. Fingerprint features can be separated into three noteworthy classifications in view of the granularity at which they are removed as level 1, level 2, and level 3 features. Level 1 feature contains macro details, which are easily extractable and include orientation filed, ridge frequency filed and pattern configuration. Only these global features or Level 1 features are not sufficient to uniquely identify or recognize, but if these features are used along with level 2 or level 3 features, that can make the fingerprint recognition system more robust and secure. Level1 features are used for image enhancement and orientation purpose. In this paper, we made a survey of existing literature on Level 1 features and try to analyze other researcher's contribution to this field.
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Danilov, I. G., A. O. Averianov, and A. A. Yarkov. "Itilochelys rasstrigin gen. et sp. nov, a new hard-shelled sea turtle (Cheloniidae sensu lato) from the Lower Paleocene of Volgograd Province, Russia." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 314, no. 1 (2010): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2010.314.1.24.

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Itilochelys rasstrigin, gen. et sp. nov., a new hard-shelled sea turtle (Cheloniidae sensu lato), is established based on a partial skull, two lower jaws, a humeral bone and cervical vertebrae I–III from the Lower Paleocene of Volgograd Province, Russia. Itilochelys rasstrigin differs from other cheloniids s.l. by the following combination of characters: (1) long skull; (2) short snout; (3) deep cheek emargination; (4) frontal contributing to orbital margin; (5) prefrontal/ postorbital contact absent; (6) long anteroventral process of postorbital; (7) extensive secondary palate; (8) moderate vomer length on triturating surface; (9) deep and narrow midline groove on triturating surface through vomer length; (10) swellings lateral to midline groove present; (11) long lower jaw symphysis; (12) concave lower triturating surface; (13) blunt and shallow symphyseal ridge ending in a triangular elevation; (14) lingual ridges on the lower jaw absent. The new taxon increases diversity of stem-cheloniids and represents the most complete finding of these turtles in Russia.
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Chistikin, A. N., and T. A. Chistikina. "Dermatoglyphics in men with stomach ulcer." Medical Science And Education Of Ural 22, no. 4 (2021): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36361/1814-8999-2021-22-4-79-81.

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The study of the structure of scallop skin in men suffering from gastric ulcer, which was diagnosed by endoscopic examination, was carried out in the work. Comparison with the control group made it possible to identify a number of deviations of the signs of dermatoglyphics in the group of patients. There were tendencies towards a more proximal ending of the main palmar line A on the left hand, an increase in the pattern of the hypotenar and IV interdigital space, and an increase in the ridge counts of the II fingers of both hands.
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Towell, Elaine. "First College member conquers Everest." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 89, no. 2 (2007): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363507x172545.

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Edmund Hilary and Tenzing Norgay were first in 1953. Since then, over 2,500 people have followed in their footsteps and on 21 May 2006, Andrew Sutherland became the first British surgeon to reach the summit of Mount Everest. Travelling as the team doctor, Mr Sutherland was part of the EVERESTMAX expedition who recently completed the highest climb on earth, commencing at the Dead Sea in Jordan and ending at the summit of Mount Everest. Mr Sutherland joined the expedition at Everest base camp as the team prepared for their ascent of the challenging north-east ridge.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ridge Ending"

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Lan, Chung Jung, and 籃俊榮. "Fingerprints Clustering and Identification Based on Bifurcation and Ridge Ending Characteristics." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20132613618987661672.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>應用數學系<br>87<br>In this thesis, we introduce a novel approach to storing and macthing fingerprint images by hashing. This approach is based on a structure model and a hash function to achieve a fast matching. The structure model contains all fingerprint information needed for matching. Using this method, the problem of fingerprint matching becomes a problem of hashing and frequency counting. The experimental results show that our method is fast, reliable, and practical for real applications.
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Books on the topic "Ridge Ending"

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Hastings, Craig. Moose Ridge: Ending to Beginning. Champagne Book Group, 2021.

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Moore, Michael J. Bronte's Ride: Pick Your Own Ending. Independently Published, 2019.

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Moore, Michael J. Bronte's Ride: Pick Your Own Ending. Independently Published, 2019.

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Hood, Susan. Max'S Train Ride: A Squeaky Storybook With A Surprise Ending (Fisher Price Squeaky). Reader's Digest, 1997.

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Pérez, Jackie. Sally Ride. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798765116999.

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Showcases the life of the first American woman in space, from her childhood, to her accomplishments as a tennis star, and her pioneering achievements as an astronaut and science educator. Explore Sally Ride’s life and contributions and understand the historical context of landmark events, movements, and women who paved the way for her success. Ride's groundbreaking achievement represented a moment of triumph in an ongoing struggle for gender equality propelled by pivotal events such as the 1960's Civil Rights Movement advocating for equal rights for all individuals, and the enactment of Title IX in 1972 ensuring gender equity in education. Written for students of American and women's history, this examination of Ride's life places each milestone in its historical context. This illuminates not only the world she lived in, but also her enduring significance to the contemporary challenges women and LGBTQ+ people continue to face in their efforts to pursue careers in STEM. A detailed chronology, curated sidebars throughout, chronological sequencing, and primary source documents make this a singular and necessary first-stop reference resource on Ride's life and work.
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Book chapters on the topic "Ridge Ending"

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Pinsky, Leonard, Robert P. Erickson, and R. Neil Schimke. "Genetic Disorders of Gamete Delivery." In Genetic Disorders of Human Sexual Development. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109078.003.0019.

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Abstract One can envision “gamete failure” as a progression of possible abnormal events beginning with impaired migration of primordial germ cells to the gonadal ridge and ending with impaired function of the egg or sperm at, and just after, fertilization. Intermediate defects could include impaired gametogenesis, impaired storage of gametes, and impaired delivery of gametes to the location of fertilization.
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Fisher, David. "Dating the Spreading Seafloor." In Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393965.003.0016.

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In 1912 a German Meteorologist, Alfred Wegener, took the drastic step of moving into another science altogether by publishing the shocking geologic theory that our continents have been sailing across the surface of the earth like leaves on a lake blown by—what? The geologists laughed at the suggestion of an impossible wind and scorned the man who had insolently crossed the boundaries of the sciences. But truth be told, it wasn’t unheard of in those early years to do just that. Rutherford, a physicist, had won the Nobel Prize in chemistry, and Marie Curie had already won twice, once in physics and once in chemistry. Wegener himself had done his PhD work in astronomy before switching over to meteorology, and at the same time was a renowned arctic explorer. The separation between the sciences are useful and real—a biology student has enough to learn without spending years on tensor analysis or relativity— but at their boundaries they blur. Today nearly everyone pays lip service to what we call interdisciplinary research, but in practice they fight hard against it. I did my PhD course work in the chemistry department of the University of Florida and my research in the physics group at Oak Ridge, then had a postdoc appointment in the chemistry department at Brookhaven before going to physics at Cornell and ending up in geology at Miami, but I had to fight along the way. A chemistry professor at Florida tried to insist that I take his colloid course instead of relativity (which was taught at the same time). I won that fight but lost at Cornell when I tried to have my students take chemistry courses instead of the required engineering and physics courses. The fact that Wegener wasn’t a geologist gave them an easy way out: it’s easier to laugh at new ideas than to confront them, and easier still to laugh at new ideas from those whom you can consider amateurs.
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Djara, Tahirou, Marc Kokou Assogba, and Antoine Vianou. "A Secured Contactless Fingerprint Verification Method Using a Minutiae Matching Technique." In Advancements in Computer Vision and Image Processing. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5628-2.ch009.

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Most matching or verification phases of fingerprint systems use minutiae types and orientation angle to find matched minutiae pairs from the input and template fingerprints. Unfortunately, due to some non-linear distortions, like excessive pressure and fingers twisting during enrollment, this process can cause the minutiae features to be distorted from the original. The authors are interested in a fingerprint matching method using contactless images for fingerprint verification. After features extraction, they compute Euclidean distances between template minutiae (bifurcation and ending points) and input image minutiae. They compute then after bifurcation ridges orientation angles and ending point orientations. In the decision stage, they analyze the similarity between templates. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a set of 420 fingerprint images. The verification accuracy is found to be acceptable and the experimental results are promising. Future work will enhance the proposed verification method by a new template protection technique.
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Ritthaler-Andree, Ronja. "A Never-ending Roller Coaster Ride? Die Klima- und Energiepolitik der USA." In Weltmacht und Demokratie. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748922889-203.

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Spegele, Roger. "towards a more reflective political realism." In Political Thought and International Relations. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199556274.003.0008.

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Abstract This chapter is conceived as an intellectual adventure, a bumpy ride across the seemingly obscure terrain barely hinted at in the title. Its ostensible value lies in teasing out and evaluating different conceptions of theory, practice, and the relations they comport. Although the ride may have all the drawbacks of taking a roller coaster when one wanted a Ferris wheel, its intention is to shake up orthodox assumptions about the topics considered. In international political theory as currently conceived each contending discourse—positivism, postmodernism, international critical theory, feminist international relations—insists that it is the only valid conception of international relations, leading to inevitable despair at the self-evident unreasonableness of any such claim. This chapter may, at the end of the ride, have something of enduring value to offer in its examination of theory and practice for those scholars who are looking for a way out of the current stasis of international political theory.
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Brandon, Daniel M. "Project Execution and Control." In Project Management for Modern Information Systems. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-693-8.ch009.

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In fairy tales and traditional romance movies, the story ended when the prince found his soul mate, married her, and rode off with her into the sunset. The ending caption said: “They lived happily ever after.” Well, we know that real life is not quite that simple; after the marriage comes the most difficult (and, one hopes, interesting) part. Similarly, a great project contract and plan is of little consequence without constant monitoring and control. Once the project is planned and underway, the project manager cannot simply ride away and assume that everything will go according to plan. To insure success, many project matters need to be monitored; if a matter deviates from the plan, then some form of control must be exerted to bring the situation back in line with the plan. In this chapter I discuss the many matters that need to be monitored for IT projects, how best to monitor each matter, and what type of control actions may be appropriate for each.
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Browne, Blaine T. "5. “THE AMERICAN RIDE IS ENDING”: Energy Crises, Inflation, and the Challenges of a Postindustrial Society." In Dazed and Confused. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5771/9781538166109-115.

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Huggan, Graham. "Australian Literature, Race, and the Politics of Location." In Australian Literature. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199229673.003.0001.

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Abstract One of the most popular Australian writers, both within and outside the country, is the turn-of-the-century bush poet, A. B. (‘Banjo’) Paterson. It’s worth comparing the endings of two of Paterson’s most famous ballads, ‘The Man from Snowy River’ and ‘Saltbush Bill’, for what they imply about the continuing history of Australian literature. In the first ballad, the legendary exploits of the eponymous horseman are passed down from generation to generation: ‘And where around the Overflow the reed-beds sweep and sway / To the breezes, and the rolling plains are wide, / The Man from Snowy River is a household word today, / And the stockmen tell the story of his ride’ (Paterson, in Heseltine 1972: 82). In the second, the drover Saltbush Bill, self-appointed King of the Overland, gets into a fight with his new chum rival, the English Jackaroo, and loses.
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Smith, Robert B., and Lee J. Siegel. "Grand Teton Tour." In Windows into the Earth. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195105964.003.0012.

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Because winter snows close roads in both Grand Teton and Yellowstone national parks, the driving tours in this chapter and the next are intended for use only from late spring through early fall. You may wish to do only parts of each tour and so we have not shown cumulative trip mileage in these tour guides. Instead, we provide cumulative mileage only from one stop to the next, and for points of interest between them. This chapter’s tour of Grand Teton National Park totals 82 miles, excluding mileage to the optional aerial tramway ride. The intent of these two chapters is to provide a three-day driving tour, including one day in Grand Teton and two in Yellowstone. However, you easily may extend the tour to five days or even longer if you choose a leisurely pace or decide to make optional hikes and stops. The three-day tour outlined in these chapters starts in the town of Jackson, Wyoming. Our tour includes the following suggestions: • On day I, make the Teton tour, perhaps beginning or ending with the optional tramway ride detailed at the end of this chapter. Spend the night either in Jackson or find accommodations closer to Yellowstone, such as at Colter Bay Village or other campgrounds and lodgings in northern Grand Teton National Park. • On day 2, enter Yellowstone’s south entrance and drive the loop road clockwise to Madison Junction, then spend the night at West Yellowstone, Montana. If you arrive at West Yellowstone by early to mid-afternoon, you still will have time to make the optional tour to the Hebgen Lake earthquake area, although the visitor center there closes in the late afternoon. • On day 3, either start with the optional side trip to the Hebgen Lake earthquake area, or proceed from West Yellowstone, Montana, back into Yellowstone National Park, continuing the tour at Madison Junction. Some visitors may choose to drive part or all of these tours in a direction opposite to the one we use here. For that reason, we also provide reverse mileage between each stop and the sights between stops.
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Brain, Timothy. "1974." In A History of Policing in England and Wales from 1974: A Turbulent Journey. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199218660.003.0001.

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Sometimes a single picture portrays better than any detailed description or analysis the spirit of the times. The photograph on the front cover of the Police Review for the week ending 4 January 1974 is one. It is in grainy monochrome. It shows a single policeman standing in an urban street while snow is falling. As a ‘constable’ he held an office the origins of which went back to Norman times, and curiously, despite receiving a salary from the relevant police committee, as a Crown office holder he was not legally ‘employed’ by them. In 1974 it would almost inevitably have been a man, as ‘Women Police Constables’, then a specific designation, would rarely have performed such general duties despite possessing full powers as a constable. He is also white, there being then very few serving visible minority ethnic officers. He is on point duty, a task which had been widespread just a few years before but which by 1974 was slowly diminishing with the increased use of traffic lights and other traffic management features. It entailed an officer standing at a fixed point on a road junction for many hours directing traffic using well understood hand signals. He was essentially a human set of traffic lights. By the standards of the day he is well-enough accoutred for the weather, wearing a heavy greatcoat buttoned to the chin, a ridged coxcomb helmet, made of cork, chin strap down, waterproof leggings, and white cuffs and gloves, the latter being a contemporary attempt at enhancing visibility. He carries no obvious protection or armament. He looks resigned and rather uncomfortable as a light dusting of snow, like icing sugar on top of a Christmas pudding, settles on his helmet and shoulders. There are no cars or other vehicles in shot, a consequence possibly of the camera angle or because in January 1974 Britain was not only in the grip of a cold, depressing winter but also of a destabilizing fuel crisis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Ridge Ending"

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Bature, Sani Sufyan, Danlami Muktar, Haleema Usman Abubakar, et al. "An extraction ridge ending, and ridge bifurcation of fingerprint based on minutiae extractor." In THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, OPTIMIZATION AND MATHEMATICAL ENGINEERING 2021 (ICOCOME 2021). AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0226174.

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Гудков, Владимир, and Vladimir Gudkov. "Fingerprints Identification by Minutiae Types." In 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Computer Vision, Visualization Systems and the Virtual Environment GraphiCon'2019. Bryansk State Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-1-126-130.

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The paper proposes a method for identifying fingerprints that is resistant to noise and image defects. The method relies on minutiae, bifurcations and endings, which, under the influence of defects, can change their type. Such undesirable changes affect the ridge counting, the topological and other characteristics of the images. It can reduce the reliability of their identification. To compensate for the effect of interference, a topological vector is introduced and its numbering rules for bifurcations and endings are described. A method is proposed for converting topological vectors from one type of minutiae to another. As a result of the cast, topological vectors for bifurcations and endings are numbered alike. This ensures the stability of the ridge counting, the reliability of matching of various topological vectors and, consequently, the minimal identification errors. The method is implemented in the algorithm. The results of testing the proposed method are given.
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Szynakiewicz, Tom. "Reconstruction of the Initial 400 Ft of the Spiro Tunnel." In Deep Foundations Institute 49th Annual Conference. Deep Foundations Institute, 2024. https://doi.org/10.37308/dfi49.2024730320.

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The City of Park City recently undertook a renovation of the initial 400 ft of the historic Spiro Tunnel. The Spiro Tunnel is a historic mining tunnel along active ski lifts and ski slopes and speaks to the local mining history of the region. The tunnel is at least 14,000 ft deep and once it was decommissioned for mining purposes, served as a novelty chair lift in the ’60s, bringing guests up the mountain on what came to be known as the Skier Subway, a 45-minute ride through the tunnel ending at what is today’s Thaynes Vertical Shaft. The tunnel produces between 4,000 and 10,000 gallons of water per minute which is collected within the first 400 ft of the tunnel and flows under gravity to the Park City water treatment plant. It is estimated that the city gets approximately 30% of its municipal water supply from this source. The stabilization of the initial part of the tunnel included the deconstruction and removing of existing steel and timber sets in very fractured, blocky and angled rock-plane conditions followed by intensive bolting and shotcreting. The project was completed by replacing the two under-foot 24” water pipelines that ran at the base of the tunnel followed by the replacement of the rail ties and reestablishment of rail that runs inside the tunnel and provides a means of locomotion for maintenance and inspection. The project also involved extensive slope cut-back and stabilization at the portal and the installation of an architectural facade. The authors will discuss the overall project implementation including design and construction.
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4

Kundu, Prantik. "Trends in the Automated and AutomaticTransmission Systems for Two Wheeled Vehicles." In 2024 Small Powertrains and Energy Systems Technology Conference. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-32-0061.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The two-wheeler industry features a diverse range of transmission systems catering to varied riding preferences and market demands. Manual transmissions offer direct gear control, favored by enthusiasts for its precision and customizable performance. Automatic transmissions simplify riding, especially in urban settings, eliminating manual gear shifts and reducing rider fatigue.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Understanding the dynamics of transmission systems in the two-wheeler space is crucial for manufacturers, engineers, policymakers, and riders alike. It informs product development, regulatory compliance efforts, and market positioning initiatives in an increasingly competitive and innovation-driven industry landscape.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;DCT (Dual Clutch Transmission) and manual transmissions represent extremes in rider engagement, automation, and cost. While DCT offers seamless gear changes and convenience at a higher price point, manual transmissions provide direct control and a tactile experience with lower initial costs. Riders weigh these factors when choosing between technological innovation and traditional engagement.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Between these two extremes, certain transmissions systems provide manual gear selection with automatic clutch operation, appealing to riders seeking control without the complexities of manual clutch manipulation like the E-Clutch. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) systems represent a notable innovation, offering seamless gear ratio adjustments and optimized engine output across riding conditions, enhancing ride quality and rider comfort, particularly in urban environments and have gained a lot of traction in the past decade.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Each transmission system presents distinct advantages and challenges, influencing rider preferences and manufacturer strategies. Understanding the dynamics of transmission systems in the two-wheeler space is crucial for manufacturers, engineers, policymakers, and riders alike. It informs product development, regulatory compliance efforts, and market positioning initiatives in an increasingly competitive and innovation-driven industry landscape.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The introduction of Semi-Automated Manual Transmission (SMT) stands as a bridge, blending the precision of automated gear shifts with the visceral engagement of manual control.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;SMT enables clutch less gear shifts, providing riders with a unique synthesis of technological innovation and the hands-on experience enthusiasts cherish. Beyond preserving the art of manual transmission, SMT addresses challenges associated with manual gear changes, mitigating issues like gear grinding and missed shifts. Positioned at the intersection of automated efficiency and the enduring appeal of manual engagement, SMT represents a blend of conventional mechanics and modern-day power electronics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Reports on the topic "Ridge Ending"

1

Anderson, L. A., T. W. Burwinkle, M. K. Ford, et al. Annual summary report of the Decontamination and Decommissioning Surveillance and Maintenance Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for period ending September 30, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/48632.

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2

Ford, M. K., and L. Jr Holder. Annual summary report of the decontamination and decommissioning surveillance and maintenance program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for period ending September 30, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6121937.

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Ford, M., and L. Holder. Annual summary report of the Decontamination and Decommissioning surveillance and maintenance program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for period ending September 30, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6963965.

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Ford, M., L. Holder, and R. Jones. Annual summary report on the surveillance and maintenence plan for Waste Area Groupings at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for period ending September 30, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7098223.

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Cannon, T. R., M. K. Ford, and L. Jr Holder. Annual summary report on surveillance and maintenance activities of the surplus contaminated facilities program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for period ending September 30, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6125635.

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Ford, M. K., L. Jr Holder, and R. G. Jones. Surveillance and maintenance activities of waste area groupings at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Annual summary report for period ending September 30, 1991: Environmental Restoration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10126580.

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Ford, M., and L. Holder. Annual summary report of the Decontamination and Decommissioning surveillance and maintenance program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for period ending September 30, 1992. Environmental Restoration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10184806.

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8

Ford, M., L. Holder, and R. Jones. Annual summary report on the surveillance and maintenence plan for Waste Area Groupings at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for period ending September 30, 1992. Environmental Restoration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104327.

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9

Rowcliffe, A. F., J. L. Scott, M. L. Grossbeck, et al. United States-Japan collaborative testing in the High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Oak Ridge Research Reactor: Third annual progress report for the period ending September 30, 1986. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5041245.

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Scott, J. L., M. L. Grossbeck, L. K. Mansur, et al. Second annual progress report on United States-Japan collaborative testing in the High Flux Isotope Reactor and the Oak Ridge Research Reactor for the period ending September 30, 1985. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5128759.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Ridge Ending' for particular source types:
Journal articles
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