Journal articles: 'Rift valley Ethiopia'

1

Mark, R. Jury. "Southern Ethiopia Rift Valley lake fluctuations and climate." Scientific Research and Essays 9, no. 18 (September 30, 2014): 794–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/sre2014.6062.

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Lemenkova, Polina. "Seismicity in the Afar Depression and Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 78, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.1.29963.

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Integrated mapping is essential in geological studies to assess risks of earthquake hazards. Cartographic techniques have become a commonplace approach to visualizing data in the continuous geologic and geophysical fields. However, traditional GIS mapping is a manual process with a time-consuming workflow that can lead to mistakes and misinterpretation of data. This study applied two mapping approaches to address this problem: Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) used for automated cartographic workflow employing scripts and QGIS used for traditional geologic mapping. The study area includes Ethiopia, notable for its complex geologic setting. The study aimed to analyse the relationships between the geophysical, geological, topographic and seismic setting of the country by presenting six new thematic maps:1 topography based on the GEBCO/SRTM15+ high-resolution grid;2 geological units with consistent lithology and age from the USGS database;3 geological provinces with major Amhara Plateau and Somali Province using USGS data;4 geoid based on the Earth Gravitational Model 2008 (EGM-2008) grid;5 free-air gravity anomaly model using satellite-based remote sensing data;6 seismicity showing earthquakes and volcanos from 05/03/1990 to 27/11/2020.The comparison of the topography, seismicity, geophysics and surface geology of the Afar Depression and the Great Rift Valley was based partly on extant literature on the geologic setting of Ethiopia which primarily focuses upon discussing tectonic processes that took place in the East African Rift System in the past. The current study contributes to the previous research and increases cartographic data on the geology and geophysics of Ethiopia. The outcomes can be implemented in similar regional projects in Ethiopia for geophysical and geological monitoring.

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Bonechi, N., D. Fiaschi, G. Manfrida, L. Talluri, and C. Zuffi. "Exploitation assessment of geothermal energy from African Great Rift Valley." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131208008.

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Countries that are in the Great Rift Valley have one of the lowest average annual electricity consumption per capita in Africa with a value of 164 kWh per inhabitant. Furthermore, the electrification rate is 34% that is more than fifty percentage points below the world average, which is around 86%. One possible solution to improve the electrification rate is to properly exploit the energy resources present in the territory. One of the most significant energy sources of this region is certainly geothermal energy which has a potential of about 15 GWe, mostly concentrated in Ethiopia. Furthermore, it is possible to find the resource in a wide temperature range, not only to produce electricity, which, nonetheless, has a very limited exploitation rate, as only 900 MWe are installed between Kenya and Ethiopia, but also for direct use. In this study, two geothermal power plants for two different geothermal sites, Corbetti and Arus-Bogoria, respectively in Ethiopia and Kenya, have been hypothesized after analyzing the resource potential. For the first, which has been estimated to be of high enthalpy (~300°C), a flash plant configuration was assumed, and the estimated energy production potential was found to be around 50-100 MWe. While for the second, at medium enthalpy (T<200°C), the use of a binary cycle plant was assumed with an obtained production of about 20 MW of electricity. Finally, the possibility of geothermal water exploitation for greenhouse heating, drying of agricultural products, civil sanitary uses, recreational uses (spa), or for industrial purposes has been assessed.

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Gabrekiristos, Endriyas, and Tola Demiyo. "Hot Pepper Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici): Epidemics, Characteristic Features and Management Options." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 10 (September 15, 2020): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n10p347.

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Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the important cash crops to Ethiopian smallholder farmers and an important agricultural commodity which contribute to export earnings. In Ethiopia, this high value crop is constrained by powdery mildew, Phytophthora leaf blight, Fusarium wilt, bacterial leaf spot, bacterial wilt, bacterial soft rot and pepper motile virus. Among this diseases, wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici (FOC) is one of the major pathogen that constrained production and productivity of hot pepper in Ethiopia mainly the Central Rift valley. In Ethiopia, hot pepper fusarium wilt is reported in all production regions in different magnitude. The highest wilt incidence due to fusarium is 90% in some Farmers association of Alaba districts in South Nation Nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia. The economic yield losses due to Fusarium wilt has been estimated at 68 to 71%. Infection and disease development in Fusarium wilt is favored by warm soil temperature, low soil moisture, susceptible host, virulent pathogen and 5.0 to 6.0 pH levels; are some of epidemic factors. Fusarium is reproduced by sexually by teleomorphs and asexually by microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospore. From the Central rift valley of Ethiopia, 49 FOC isolates were identified based on micro and macroscopic characteristics and the isolate having pink colony color, 3-5 septa forming conidia on potato dextrose agar, perform the most pathogenic ability to Mareko Fana Variety. This pathogen has an over wintering stage called chlamydospore which can exist in the soil for more than ten years without the host. Hot pepper fusarium wilt can be managed by host resistance, biological agent, botanicals and fungicide. In Ethiopia, pepper screening for resistant source, in vitro evaluation of bioagents and fungicides were done. In this review attempt has been made to summarize relevant scientific studies on this economically important crop, hot pepper fusarium wilt and associated factors in Ethiopia as well as its different disease management options, challenges and future prospects.

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Merdekios, Behailu, Myrthe Pareyn, Dagimawie Tadesse, Solomon Getu, Bereket Admassu, Nigatu Girma, Herwig Leirs, Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden, and Johan van Griensven. "Detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in South Ethiopia." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 105, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0708.

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Abstract.Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The disease is endemic in Ochollo, a village in southern Ethiopia, but there are no reports of CL in the wider area, although it is ecologically very similar. We conducted a rapid assessment survey in the South Ethiopian Rift Valley and found 100 parasitologically confirmed CL cases in 38 villages not reported endemic for CL. Approximately half of the cases were children (57%), and most lesions occurred on the face (78%) and were older than 6 months (77%). Only 2% of the people was aware of the mode of transmission, and 9% sought modern treatment at a hospital. These preliminary data indicate that CL is much more widespread than previously reported and that the disease might have a large psychosocial impact. Hence, this study calls for larger surveys across the Ethiopian highlands. Additionally, health education and treatment capacity need to be implemented.

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Mesfin, Demamu, Belay Simane, Abrham Belay, John W. Recha, and Habitamu Taddese. "Woodland Cover Change in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Forests 11, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090916.

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Woodlands, which are part of the landscape and an important source of livelihood for smallholders living in the environmentally vulnerable Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia, are experiencing rapid changes. Detecting and monitoring these changes is essential for better management of the resources and the benefits they provide to people. The study used a combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the extent and pattern of woodland cover changes from 1973 to 2013. Pixel-based supervised image classification with maximum likelihood classification algorithm was used for land cover classification and change detection analyses. Local peoples’ perceptions were used to explain the patterns of change and their possible reasons. Four major land cover classes were identified, with an overall accuracy of 88.3% and a Kappa statistic of 0.81 for the latest image. The analysis revealed a major land cover reversal, where woodland (92.4%) was the dominant land cover in 1973, while it was agriculture (44.7%) in 2013. A rapid reduction in woodland (54%) and forest (99%) covers took place between 1973 and 2013, with the majority of the conversions being made during the government transition period (1973 to 1986). Agriculture (3878%) and grassland (11,117%) increased tremendously during the 40-year period at the expense of woodlands and forests. Bare land increased moderately (40%). Thus, woodlands are under increasing pressure from other land uses, particularly agriculture, and declining faster. If the current trends of land cover change remain unabated it is likely that woodlands will disappear from the landscape of the area in the near future. Therefore, better forest policy and implementation tools, as well as better woodland management strategies and practices, need to be in place for woodlands to continue providing vital ecosystem goods and services to the local people, as well as to the environment.

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Aklilu, Nigussie, Alemu Dawit, and Bogale Ayalneh. "Sheep market integration in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jdae12.156.

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8

Peccerillo, A., B. Mandefro, G. Solomon, H. Bedru, and K. Tesfaye. "The Precambrian rocks from Southern Ethiopia: petrology, geochemistry and their interaction with the Recent volcanism from the Ethiopian Rift Valley." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 173, no. 3 (July 22, 1998): 237–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njma/173/1998/237.

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9

MICHEZ, DENIS, and ALAIN PAULY. "A new species of the palaearctic genus Dasypoda Latreille 1802 (Hymenoptera: Dasypodaidae) from the Great Rift Valley in Ethiopia." Zootaxa 3181, no. 1 (February 2, 2012): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3181.1.5.

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Dasypoda is a genus of solitary bees previously recorded as endemic in the Palaearctic region from Portugal to Japan. Wedescribe here a new species of Dasypoda (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Melittidae), Dasypoda riftensis sp. nov., collected fromEthiopia, Great Rift Valley, Gallo. This species is the first record of the genus Dasypoda in Sub-Saharan Africa and is of phylogenetic importance. We discuss biogeographical implications of the record in Ethiopia.

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10

Ketema, Tafess, Dawo Fufa, Sori Teshale, and Ameni Gobena. "Prevalence of caprine tuberculosis in Mid- Rift valley area of Oromia, Ethiopia." African Journal of Microbiology Research 5, no. 12 (June 18, 2011): 1473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr10.868.

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11

Kedirkan, Nesibu. "Water surface Changes of Lakes in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 6, no. 3 (December 8, 2019): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.544770.

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12

Getaneh, Yemataw, Abera Alemu, Zerhun Ganewo, and Ashenafi Haile. "Food security status and determinants in North-Eastern rift valley of Ethiopia." Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 8 (June 2022): 100290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100290.

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13

Gebreslassie, Hagos. "Land Use-Land Cover dynamics of Huluka watershed, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia." International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2, no. 4 (December 2014): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-6339(15)30055-1.

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14

Alula, Petros, Aragaw Kassaye, and Shilima Berhanu. "Pre-weaning kid mortality in Adamitulu Jedokombolcha District, Mid Rift Valley, Ethiopia." Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jvmah13.0211.

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15

MEKONNEN, Zenebe, Teshale WOLDEAMANUEL, and Habtemariam KASSA. "Socio-ecological vulnerability to climate change/variability in central rift valley, Ethiopia." Advances in Climate Change Research 10, no. 1 (March 2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2019.03.002.

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16

Kibret, Tilahun, and Arthur D. Harrison. "The benthic and weed-bed faunas of Lake Awasa (Rift Valley, Ethiopia)." Hydrobiologia 174, no. 1 (April 1989): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006053.

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17

Van Halsema, G. E., Beshir Keddi Lencha, Mengistu Assefa, H. Hengsdijk, and J. Wesseler. "Performance assessment of smallholder irrigation in the central rift valley of ethiopia." Irrigation and Drainage 60, no. 5 (January 11, 2011): 622–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.613.

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18

Yohannes, Yared Beyene, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Shouta M. M. Nakayama, and Mayumi Ishizuka. "Organochlorine pesticides in bird species and their prey (fish) from the Ethiopian Rift Valley region, Ethiopia." Environmental Pollution 192 (September 2014): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.007.

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19

Negash, Belete, Ferdu Azerefegn, and Gashawbeza Ayalew. "Insecticide resistance management against thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on onion in the central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 40, no. 4 (March 2, 2020): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00127-6.

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Abstract Two field experiments were conducted in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia in the hot and cool dry seasons of 2016/2017 with the objective to develop an insecticide resistance management program on thrips infesting onion. The first experiment dealt with the evaluation of four different insecticides namely profenofos, λ–cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and spinetoram in different sequences on thrips population and their effect on yield. The second experiment examined the effect of admixing the surfactant organosilicone with imidacloprid, spinetoram and dimethoate. A Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications was used for both experiments. Data on number of thrips, bulb yield and economic returns were collected. The insecticide imidacloprid and spinetoram resulted in fewer numbers of thrips and higher yields than profenofos and λ –cyhalothrin. Application of the more effective insecticides when the thrips population was high followed by less effective insecticides resulted in better control and higher economic return. Surfactant added insecticides gave a fewer numbers of thrips and higher yields than the corresponding insecticides applied without surfactant. The sequential application of spinetoram and imidacloprid with less effective λ-cyhalothrin and profenofos by mixing with adjuvant are recommended for thrips control as an integral component of thrips management in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.

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Hrabalikova, Michaela, David Christian Finger, Dominika Kobzova, Petra Huislova, and Jan Ures. "The Challenge in Increasing Water and Soil Resources Resilience by Landscape Restoration: Examples from Southern Ethiopia and Iceland." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (June 13, 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030084.

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Soil degradation and subsequent soil erosion is a major threat to vital ecosystem services, to food production, and finally to human societies. This threat is particularly imminent in subarctic Iceland and tropical Ethiopia. Both countries underwent large-scale deforestation in the past. Especially in Ethiopia, the demand for wood for cooking, heating, and construction is still high, inducing deforestation. On the other hand, Iceland solved the need for wood for energy purposes through the utilization of geothermal energy. Deforestation, overgrazing, and specific climatic conditions resulted in a high rate of soil erosion in both countries. In this study, the effectivity of restoration efforts is mapped in selected areas in Iceland and Ethiopia. Soil-water conservation (SWC) measures mapping was conducted in the Sidama zone and Halaba special district of southern Ethiopia, as well as in Thorlákshöfn, a municipality in southern Iceland. The Ethiopian study area is located in the Main Ethiopian rift valley. The Icelandic study area is in the Mid-Atlantic Rift. Degraded areas and applied SWC were GPS mapped in the field. The erosion agents in both countries are dominated by water erosion. In addition, Iceland has a high rate of soil loss due to strong wind erosion. In order to mitigate erosion, numerous SWC actions were implemented in both countries. In Ethiopia, indigenous SWC techniques have been applied since 400 BC, while the government-driven activities started after 1970. In Iceland, governmental soil reclamation programs started in 1907 through establishment of The Soil Conservation Service of Iceland (SCSI). Usually, all the reclamation program actions involve the closing of reclaimed area for livestock and people so that natural regeneration accompanied by additional measures such as planting seedlings can take place. In Ethiopia, such an area is called an “Area Closure”. The land is owned by the community. The common problem in the restoration of Closure Areas lies in people not respecting the watershed divide. Hence, the approach to land degradation lacks a systematic approach covering the entire watershed. Another issue is the construction of the road and path network, which in many cases acts as ways of concentrate surface runoff. Degraded paths are frequently abandoned, and new paths are constructed. The main difference in Iceland from the Ethiopia case is land ownership, which is private in most cases. The land restoration began 50 years ago by sowing grass. Today the land is slowly being reforested.

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Elias, Firew, Sudhamani Muddada, Diriba Muleta, and Belachew Tefera. "Antimicrobial Potential of Streptomyces spp. Isolated from the Rift Valley Regions of Ethiopia." Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2022 (June 13, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1724906.

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The study was undertaken to isolate, screen, and identify actinomycetes with antimicrobial metabolites. Twenty-one composite soil samples were randomly collected from various unique agroecological niches in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. The soil samples were serially diluted and spread on starch casein agar medium supplemented with 50 μg/ml cycloheximide and 25 μg/ml nalidixic acid. Two hundred and forty-nine (249) actinomycetes cultures were isolated and screened by cross streaking against various human pathogens. Twenty-four isolates with pronounced antimicrobial activity were selected for identification and further screening. Among the isolates, 172 (69.1%) showed antimicrobial activities against tested pathogens. The inhibition zone of the isolates ranged from 5 ± 0.31 to >40 mm during primary screening. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts of promising isolates showed a statistically significant difference P < 0.05 between them and the control. The isolates RVE129 and RVE217 showed the maximum zone of inhibition at 27 ± 0.6 mm and 26 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, against S. aureus, and the results were higher than the standard drug streptomycin (25 ± 0.58 mm). The inhibition zone of crude extracts from RVE129 was at the maximum of 22 ± 0.0 mm against P . aeruginosa, almost comparable to the standard drug streptomycin (24 ± 0.58 mm). Crude extract from the isolates RVE129 and RVE187 showed higher inhibition zones of 22 ± 0.6 mm and 16 ± 0.33 mm against A. niger ATCC10535, which, however, were smaller than those obtained with the standard drug amphotericin B (29 ± 0.6 mm). Twenty-four actinomycete strains with remarkable bioactivity were characterized using various cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and assigned under the genus Streptomycetes. The finding of the current study indicates that Streptomyces sp. isolated from the Rift Valley of Ethiopia was found to possess a broad spectrum of bioactivity against a range of human pathogens.

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Sisay, Amsalu, Tegene Negesse, and Ajebu Nurfeta. "Anthelminthic effects of extracts of indigenous browses from mid rift valley of Ethiopia." Ethiopian Veterinary Journal 25, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/evj.v25i2.8.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the potential anthelminthic properties of extracts of leaves of indigenous browses (Acacia seyal, Acacia senegal, Acacia tortilis, Millettia ferruginea, and Vernonia amygadalina) based on three in vitro assays. Acetone extracts of browses at different concentrations (75 to 1200 μg/ml, for egg and larvae and 100mg/ml for an adult) were tested on three developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus (eggs, infective larvae, and adult worms) using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA) and adult worm motility inhibition assay (AMIA). Significant effects were obtained with all five browses but differences were observed depending on the parasitic stages. The effects of five browse extracts on egg hatching were concentration-dependent, the highest (P<0.05) egg hatch inhibition rate was observed at 1200 μg/ml concentration for all browses. All extracts had a higher effect (P<0.01) than that of the negative control, phosphate buffer saline (PBS). In contrast, no concentration-response relationship was found for infective larvae and adult worms, although more potent effects were observed with the highest concentrations. The LMI rate (70%) induced by Vernonia amygadalina extract, at a concentration of 300 μg/ml, was the highest (P<0.05) of all other browses, even at higher concentrations. The highest LMI rate (62%) induced by Acacia senegal extract at higher concentration, was lower than that of LMI rate (70%) induced by Vernonia amygadalina, at 300 μg/ml concentration. Vernonia amygadalina was found to be highly and rapidly effective against adult worms inducing the highest mortality rate (90%) as soon as 4 hrs after incubation. Overall, the in vitro results suggest that these five browses do possess anti-parasitic properties and Vernonia amygadalina showed the most effective anti-parasitic property. These effects remain to be confirmed through in vivo study.

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23

Bekele, Israel, Mesfin Hundessa, and Bahiru Tilahun. "Nutrient Response Functions of Sorghum for Miesso District Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 01 (2022): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2022.131004.

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24

Wolteji, Bayisa Negasa, Sintayehu Teka Bedhadha, Sintayehu Legese Gebre, Esayas Alemayehu, and Dessalegn Obsi Gemeda. "Multiple Indices Based Agricultural Drought Assessment in the Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia." Environmental Challenges 7 (April 2022): 100488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100488.

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25

Kiflu, Alemayehu. "Gypsum and Water Level Effects on Central Rift Valley Sodic Soils of Ethiopia." International Journal of Soil Science 16, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijss.2021.20.25.

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26

WoldeGabriel, Giday, Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Paul R. Renne, William K. Hart, Stanley H. Ambrose, Berhane Asfaw, Grant Heiken, and Tim White. "Geology and palaeontology of the Late Miocene Middle Awash valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia." Nature 412, no. 6843 (July 2001): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35084058.

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Zewdie, Wondatir, and Mekasha Yoseph. "Feed resources availability and livestock production in the central rift valley of Ethiopia." International Journal of Livestock Production 5, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijlp2013.0158.

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Renne, Paul R., Giday WoldeGabriel, William K. Hart, Grant Heiken, and Tim D. White. "Chronostratigraphy of the Miocene–Pliocene Sagantole Formation, Middle Awash Valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia." Geological Society of America Bulletin 111, no. 6 (June 1999): 869–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0869:cotmps>2.3.co;2.

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Garedew, Efrem, Mats Sandewall, Ulf Söderberg, and Bruce M. Campbell. "Land-Use and Land-Cover Dynamics in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Environmental Management 44, no. 4 (August 18, 2009): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9355-z.

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30

Ademe, Fitih, Kibebew Kibret, Sheleme Beyene, Mezgebu Getinet, and Gashaw Mitike. "Rainfall analysis for rain-fed farming in the Great Rift Valley Basins of Ethiopia." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 3 (April 11, 2019): 812–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.242.

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Abstract Rainfall is the most important source of water for crop production in Ethiopia. However, its temporal and spatial variability is leading to serious food shortages and insecurity in the country. This study was aimed at investigating the characteristics of selected agroclimatic variables over the great Rift Valley regions of Ethiopia. Long term (1981–2010) climate data were analyzed for 17 stations selected based on agroecology representation. Selected descriptors for climate variability and the Mann–Kendall trend test were employed. Onset, cessation, length of growing period (LGP), water requirement satisfaction index and dry spell occurrence during the growing period were determined. The results showed low to very high rainfall variability (14–35%), LGP (20–256 days) and dry spell probability (50–100%) during the main season. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) annual and seasonal rainfall trends were observed in some stations. The probability of occurrence of a dry spell during the seasons was found to be a challenge for most of the stations in the mid and low altitude areas of the basins. Consequently, seasonal water deficit was observed in these areas which hampered crop production. Area specific recommendations are thus required based on specific challenges in the study region.

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Lemenkova, Polina. "Scripting methods in topographic data processing on the example of Ethiopia." SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 44, no. 1 (June 9, 2021): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v44i1.9.

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This study evaluates the geomorphometric parameters of the topography in Ethiopia using scripting cartographic methods by applying R languages (packages 'tmap' and 'raster') and Generic Mapping Tools (gmt) for 2D and 3D topographic modelling. Data were collected from the open source repositories on geospatial data with high resolution: gebco with 15 arc-second and etopo1 with 1 arc-minute resolution and embedded dataset of srtm 90 m in 'raster' library of R. The study demonstrated application of the programming approaches in cartographic data visualization and mapping for geomorphometric analysis. This included modelling of slope steepness, aspect and hillshade visualized using dem srtm90 to derive geomorphometric parameters of slope, aspect and hillshade of Ethiopia and demonstrate contrasting topography and variability climate setting of Ethiopia. The topography of the country is mapped, including Great Rift Valley, Afar Depression, Ogaden Desert and the most distinctive features of the Ethiopian Highlands. A variety of topographical zones is demonstrated on the presented maps. The results include 6 new maps made using programming console-based approach which is a novel method of cartographic visualization compared to traditional gis software. The most important fragments of the codes are presented and technical explanations are provided. The presented series of 6 new maps contributes to the cartographic data on Ethiopia and presents the methodology of scripting mapping techniques.

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Crummey, Donald. "Society, State and Nationality in the Recent Historiography of Ethiopia." Journal of African History 31, no. 1 (March 1990): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024804.

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Events since 1974 have challenged fundamental assumptions about Ethiopian history, calling in question the country's borders and internal coherence, the nature of its social order, the centrality of its monarchy and Zionist ideology to the maintenance of the polity, and the viability of the peasant way of life. In so doing they challenge a young, but vigorous, historiography, one founded in the 1960s with the creation of a History Department at what is now Addis Ababa University and of an international coterie of scholars. Its early stages were marked by archivally-based studies of Ethiopia‘s international emergence in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and of trade and politics. Its later stages were marked by a steady growth in the number of contributors and in the emergence of major new themes many of which depend on the use of indigenous sources, both oral and written. Class and class relations; economy, state, and society; the Kushitic- and Omotic-speaking peoples; the use of social anthropology—such are the concerns of contemporary historians of Ethiopia. These concerns inform new work on agrarian issues and on the roots of famine, on urbanization, on the nature of the twentieth-century state, on the revolution itself and on the roots of resistance and social unrest, and on ethnicity. Meanwhile, more traditional work continues to glean insights from the manuscript tradition and to bring to light major new texts both Ethiopian and foreign. The article surveys this material and concludes by noting the persistence of certain limitations—the lack of work on women or on pastoralism, the scarcity of it on Islam, the heavy emphasis on that part of the country lying west of the Rift Valley, and the absence of an integrating synthesis—and the prospective integration of work on Ethiopia into the mainstream of African historiography.

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Balcha, Sisay Kebede, Adane Abebe Awass, Taye Alemayehu Hulluka, Gebiaw T. Ayele, and Amare Bantider. "Hydrological Simulation in a Rift-Bounded Lake System and Implication of Water Abstraction: Central Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia." Water 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 3929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14233929.

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The Katar and Meki subbasins play a significant role in supporting the livelihoods of people in the region. However, the subbasins are currently under heavy human pressures, mainly associated with the ever-increasing human population and the subsequent intensification of irrigated agricultural activities. The aims of this study are to quantify the water balance components of the Katar and Meki rivers using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and to assess the implication of water abstraction on river hydrology. The Katar and Meki subbasins were discretized into 107 and 87 micro-subbasins, which were then subdivided further into Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs) of 683 and 658, respectively. Hydro-meteorological data from 1997 to 2014 were used for model setup, calibration, and validation. Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Percent Bias (PBIAS) were used for model performance evaluation. The results of the simulation revealed NSE = 0.68–0.83, R2 = 0.72–0.85, and PBIAS = 1.6–22.7 during calibration and validation. More than 65% of the simulated flow was bracketed with the 95PPU for both subbasins, with the thickness of the 95PPU in the range of 0.90 to 1.41 calibration and 1.15 to 1.31 validation, which indicates that the overall performance of the water balance model can be rated as “very good”. The results of the water balance show that evapotranspiration (ET), surface runoff (Qs), and groundwater discharge (Qgw) were large in the Meki subbasin, while percolation (PERC) and water yield (WYLD) were large in the Katar subbasin. The model estimated 140 and 111 mm of average annual WYLD for the Katar and Meki subbasins, respectively, and the Katar subbasin is a major contributor of water to Lake Ziway. A total volume of 19.41 million cubic meters (MCM) of water is abstracted from Katar and Meki rivers for irrigation and domestic use, which significantly reduces Lake Ziway’s level by 4.5 cm (m). If the current trend of development continues, 149.92 MCM water will be abstracted each year from the lake environment and will reduce the lake level by 1.72 m. It is suspected that the Katar and Meki rivers are likely to cease to exist after a few decades and that Lake Ziway will also dry out.

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Mengist, Yigerm, and Yohannes Moges. "Distribution, Impacts and Management Option for Water Hyacinth (Eichhnornia Crassipes [Mart.] Solms) in Ethiopia: A Review." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 10 (June 20, 2019): 1764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v10i0.8308.

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Water hyacinth (Eichhprnia crassipes) is the most dangerous and worst invasive aquatic weed in the worldwide including Ethiopia, and negatively affecting millions of water resources, fisheries, transportation and social structure. Water hyacinth was introduced in the water bodies of the Rift Valley in 68years ago and currently, the weed is distributed Lake Tana, Lake Abaya, Lake Koka, Koka Dam. The wide distribution and abundance of water hyacinth has led to decreased water availability and sustainable water biodiversity in Ethiopian lakes. However, the spread of water hyacinth is threatening not only water biodiversity but also socioeconomic development and human wellbeing. Water hyacinth in water bodies and nearby areas the local stakeholder has its negative impact on environmental problem and it’s influenced aquatics biodiversity. This review paper aimed to investigate the distribution, impacts and its integrated management option against water hyacinth in Ethiopia. Therefore, based on the review it can be concluded that human intervention is considered as the current problem of water resource in the country and further study is needed to sustain the water resource are needed to keep water hyacinth at unproblematic levels.

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Vijverberg, Jacobus, Eshete Dejen, Abebe Getahun, and Leopold A. J. Nagelkerke. "The composition of fish communities of nine Ethiopian lakes along a north-south gradient: threats and possible solutions." Animal Biology 62, no. 3 (2012): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075611x618246.

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Fish populations of nine Ethiopian freshwater lakes were quantitatively sampled with a standardized protocol, using multi-mesh gill nets. In total, 27 species were identified, but only 14 species were common. Based on the common species, the fish communities showed large differences in their species composition, except for Lake Abaya and Lake Chamo which were similar. Most fish species were observed in only one or two lakes. Compared with the information reported in literature the present study generally underestimated the species richness. The empirical model of Amarasinghe and Welcomme (2002) for African lakes was used to estimate fish species richness, which was compared with species presence reported in literature. Biodiversity in the two northern highland lakes is low, but not lower than the model estimate. Lake Tana has a high biodiversity which is close to what is estimated by the model, but three Rift Valley lakes have low biodiversity, lower than estimated by the model. There are also strong indications for the Rift Valley lakes that species richness was higher in the past because the species richness reported in the older literature was generally much higher than those observed by us in the present study and those reported in the more recent literature. Threats like overfishing, high sediment load and degradation of habitats were identified. It is recommended that Ethiopia should develop guidelines for fishery legislation and implement it through an enforcement agency. Moreover, catchments management should be practiced to save the water bodies and their fish communities.

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Atsebeha, Simon, Tameru Alemu, Ferdu Azerefgne, and Temesgen Addis. "Population dynamics of aphids and incidence of Ethiopian Pepper Mottle Virus in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Crop Protection 28, no. 5 (May 2009): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2009.01.007.

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Belay, Adamu, Edward J. M. Joy, Christopher Chagumaira, Dilnesaw Zerfu, E. Louise Ander, Scott D. Young, Elizabeth H. Bailey, R. Murray Lark, Martin R. Broadley, and Dawd Gashu. "Selenium Deficiency Is Widespread and Spatially Dependent in Ethiopia." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061565.

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Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health and livestock productivity. Globally, human Se status is highly variable, mainly due to the influence of soil types on the Se content of crops, suggesting the need to identify areas of deficiency to design targeted interventions. In sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, data on population Se status are largely unavailable, although previous studies indicated the potential for widespread Se deficiency. Serum Se concentration of a nationally representative sample of the Ethiopian population was determined, and these observed values were combined with a spatial statistical model to predict and map the Se status of populations across the country. The study used archived serum samples (n = 3269) from the 2015 Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS). The ENMS was a cross-sectional survey of young and school-age children, women and men. Serum Se concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The national median (Q1, Q3) serum Se concentration was 87.7 (56.7, 123.0) μg L−1. Serum Se concentration differed between regions, ranging from a median (Q1, Q3) of 54.6 (43.1, 66.3) µg L−1 in the Benishangul-Gumuz Region to 122.0 (105, 141) µg L−1 in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region and the Afar Region. Overall, 35.5% of the population were Se deficient, defined as serum Se < 70 µg L−1. A geostatistical analysis showed that there was marked spatial dependence in Se status, with serum concentrations greatest among those living in North-East and Eastern Ethiopia and along the Rift Valley, while serum Se concentrations were lower among those living in North-West and Western Ethiopia. Selenium deficiency in Ethiopia is widespread, but the risk of Se deficiency is highly spatially dependent. Policies to enhance Se nutrition should target populations in North-West and Western Ethiopia.

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Tsagaye, Dasta, Andargachew Gadebo, and Shimelis Aklilu. "Genetic Variability in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL) Genotypes in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia." Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 7, no. 1 (2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.512.2020.71.22.27.

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Liben, F. M., S. J. Hassen, B. T. Weyesa, C. S. Wortmann, H. K. Kim, M. S. Kidane, G. G. Yeda, and B. Beshir. "Conservation Agriculture for Maize and Bean Production in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Agronomy Journal 109, no. 6 (November 2017): 2988–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2017.02.0072.

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Bekele, Belew, Wei Wu, and Eshetu Yirsaw. "Drivers of Land Use-Land Cover Changes in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Sains Malaysiana 48, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 1333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4807-03.

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Dessie, Gessesse, and Johan Kleman. "Pattern and Magnitude of Deforestation in the South Central Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia." Mountain Research and Development 27, no. 2 (May 2007): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1659/mrd.0730.

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Olumana Dinka, Megersa. "Analysing the temporal water quality dynamics of Lake Basaka, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 52 (January 2017): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/52/1/012057.

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., Aschalew Zeleke, Teshale Sori ., Esayas Gelaye ., and Gelegay Ayelet . "Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens in the Southern and Rift Valley Districts in Ethiopia." International Journal of Poultry Science 4, no. 7 (June 15, 2005): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2005.507.510.

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Adimassu, Zenebe, Aad Kessler, and Leo Stroosnijder. "Exploring co-investments in sustainable land management in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 20, no. 1 (November 15, 2012): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2012.740690.

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Aga, Alemu, Bayou Chane, and Assefa Melesse. "Soil Erosion Modelling and Risk Assessment in Data Scarce Rift Valley Lake Regions, Ethiopia." Water 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111684.

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To prolong the useful life of lakes and reservoirs, prioritizing watersheds by severity and risk of soil erosion is an essential index to develop sound sediment management plans. This study aims to predict soil erosion risk and sediment yield using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in Lake Ziway basin, Ethiopia, and the model result is validated with lake bathymetric changes. The SUFI-2 program was applied for a model calibration and the performance of the model was assessed. The catchment prioritization study indicated that some sub-basins having the same soil type and land use but a higher slope gives higher sediment yield. This confirms that, in the basin, the upland is the main source of sediment for the lake, hence the variation of sediment yield is more sensitive to terrain slope. Furthermore, the soil conservation scenarios demonstrated in SWAT that reduce the slope length of the watershed by 50% for a slope greater than 5% are decreasing the sediment yield of the basin by 55%. The bathymetric differencing of the lake indicates that the sediment was accumulating at a rate of 3.13 t/ha/year while a calibrated SWAT model resulted in 5.85 t/ha/year. The identified reasons for these variations are the existence of outlet for the lake, floodplain depositions and abstraction of sediment (sand mining) from the tributary rivers before flowing to the lake.

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Disasa, Kinde Negessa, Feyisa Seboka Tura, and Magarsa Ensarmu Fereda. "Climate Change Downscaling Using Stochastic Weather Generator Model in Rift Valley Basins of Ethiopia." American Journal of Climate Change 08, no. 04 (2019): 561–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2019.84030.

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Elias, Eyasu, Weldemariam Seifu, Bereket Tesfaye, Wondwosen Girmay, and Manuel Tejada Moral. "Impact of land use/cover changes on lake ecosystem of Ethiopia central rift valley." Cogent Food & Agriculture 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1595876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1595876.

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Ferede, Mintamer, Alemseged Tamiru Haile, David Walker, John Gowing, and Geoff Parkin. "Multi-method groundwater recharge estimation at Eshito micro-watershed, Rift Valley Basin in Ethiopia." Hydrological Sciences Journal 65, no. 9 (May 21, 2020): 1596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1762887.

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Kebede, Tesfaye, Aynalem Haile, and Hailu Dadi. "Smallholder goat breeding and flock management practices in the central rift valley of Ethiopia." Tropical Animal Health and Production 44, no. 5 (December 11, 2011): 999–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-0033-9.

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Yirgu, Abraham, and Minilik Tsega. "Pre-dispersal seed predation of Faidherbia albida in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia." Agroforestry Systems 89, no. 4 (May 28, 2015): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9807-9.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rift valley Ethiopia'

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