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Journal articles on the topic 'Riftings'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 May 2024

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1

Dong, Min, Jia Fu Qi, Hui Dong, Hong Li, and Xiao Long Chen. "Application of Balanced Cross Section on the Basin Analysis for Cenozoic of Huanghua Depression." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5636.

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In this paper, the seismic profiles of the central area of Huanghua depression were balanced and restored by 2DMove software. We calculated the extension parameters of the balanced corss-section in the different period, analyzed the tectonic deformation of Huanghua depression. According to the total extension parameters of balanced cross-section, the Cenozoic evolution of the Huanghua depression may be divided into two phase of tectonic evolution which are rifting stage and post-rift stage. The rifting stage included three episodic rifting: The third members of Shehejie with the rapidest subsidence,Ⅰepisodic rifting; The first and second members of Shahejie with the fault-depression,Ⅱepisodic rifting; The Dongying with terminal fault-depressed ,Ⅲepisodic rifting . The Huanghua depression shows a double-layer vertical structure with faulting structures in the lower and depressing structure in the upper sector.

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2

Wu, Zhe, Weilin Zhu, Lei Shao, and Changhai Xu. "Sedimentary facies and the rifting process during the late Cretaceous to early Oligocene in the northern continental margin, South China Sea." Interpretation 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): SP33—SP45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0163.1.

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The late Cretaceous to early Oligocene strata in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS) are significant for understanding the contemporaneous continental rifting of the margin prior to the opening of the central SCS oceanic basin. Using new seismic and drilling data, combined with previous results, we have identified three episodes of rifting from the late Cretaceous to early Oligocene based on analyses of major unconformities, tectonostratigraphic units, and sedimentary facies. The first episode of rifting that occurred only in the Pearl River Mouth (PRM) basin during the late Cretaceous to Paleocene is observed. During the early to middle Eocene, littoral-shallow lacustrine and fan-delta facies were distributed in some faulted half-grabens in the Qiongdongnan (QDN) basin, while deep lacustrine deposits widely developed in the PRM basin. During the late Eocene to early Oligocene, marine transgression propagated from the southeast into the QDN, southern PRM, and Taixinan basins. We have inferred that late Cretaceous to the middle Eocene rifting is characterized by uniform lithospheric stretching related to the retreat of the paleo-Pacific subduction zone, whereas the late Eocene to the early Oligocene rifting controlled by multiple factors is characterized by depth-dependent lithospheric extension. It is the differential rifting process that led to the differentiation in the types and distribution of source rocks in the basins of northern SCS margin.

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3

Liu, Chao, Hai Tao Xue, Shuang Wang, and Yu Jiao Sun. "Study on Law of Structural Evolution and Sedimentary Evolution for North Uskyurt Basin." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.302.

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North Uskyurt Basin, located on Turan Plain, northwestern Central Asian, is continental polycyclic cratonic. The structural evolution of the basin underwent six phases: basement formulation, passive edge, rifting, post-rifting, compression, early Neogene depression. Regional structural evolution takes control of complicated transition of North Uskyurt sedimentary structure. In general, basin sedimentary environment underwent basement (granite, metamorphic rocks) passive edge, late Devonian epoch carboniferous period (marine facies) rifting, late Permian epoch-triassic period (continental facies) post-rifting, Jurassic period-Cretaceous period (Marine-continental Transition Facies, marine facies) compression, late Eocene-Miocene epoch (marine-continental facies coexistence) Neogene depression, Pliocene-Holocene (continental facies). Consequently, sedimentary formation in which various sedimentary environment, such as marine facies, continental facies, are coexisted with various rock types, such as clastic rocks, carbonate rocks, is generated.

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4

Kobolev, V. P., and Yu P. Orovetsky. "Rotational rifting in Antarctica." Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, no. 2 (2004): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.2.2004.599.

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5

Kendall, J. Michael, and Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni. "Why is Africa rifting?" Geological Society, London, Special Publications 420, no. 1 (2016): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp420.17.

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6

Pollitz, Fred F. "From rifting to drifting." Nature 398, no. 6722 (March 1999): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/17913.

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7

Fujioka, Kantaro. "Arc volcanism and rifting." Nature 342, no. 6245 (November 1989): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/342018a0.

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8

Bozhko, N. A. "Rifting in the Proterozoic." Tectonophysics 143, no. 1-3 (November 1987): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90081-3.

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9

Bonatti, Enrico. "The Rifting of Continents." Scientific American 256, no. 3 (March 1987): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0387-96.

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10

Hamilton, Warren. "Processes of continental rifting." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 24, no. 3-4 (May 1985): 362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90081-2.

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11

Kockel, F. "Rifting processes in NW-Germany and the German North Sea Sector." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 81, no. 2 (August 2002): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600022381.

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AbstractSince the beginning of the development of the North German Basin in Stephanien to Early Rotliegend times, rifting played a major role. Nearly all structures in NW-Germany and the German North Sea - (more than 800) - salt diapirs, grabens, inverted grabens and inversion structures - are genetically related to rifting. Today, the rifting periods are well dated. We find signs of dilatation at all times except from the Late Aptian to the end of the Turonian. To the contrary, the period of the Coniacian and Santonian, lasting only five million years was a time of compression, transpression, crustal shortening and inversion. Rifting activities decreased notably after inversion in Late Cretaceous times. Tertiary movements concentrated on a limited number of major, long existing lineaments. Seismically today NW-Germany and the German North Sea sector is one of the quietest regions in Central Europe.

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12

Bing, Zhang, and Ju Yunsheng. "B.L. Riftin and the tradition of Russian sinology." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 11-1 (November 1, 2023): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202311statyi22.

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This article presents the history of the formation and development of Russian oriental and sinology studies, as well as a detailed analysis of the scientific works of Russian and Chinese scientists, in particular, much attention is paid to the works of B.L. Riftin.

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13

Storey, Bryan C., and Roi Granot. "Chapter 1.1 Tectonic history of Antarctica over the past 200 million years." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2018-38.

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AbstractThe tectonic evolution of Antarctica in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras was marked by igneous activity that formed as a result of simultaneous continental rifting and subduction processes acting during the final stages of the southward drift of Gondwana towards the South Pole. For the most part, continental rifting resulted in the progressive disintegration of the Gondwana supercontinent from Middle Jurassic times to the final isolation of Antarctica at the South Pole following the Cenozoic opening of the surrounding ocean basins, and the separation of Antarctica from South America and Australia. The initial rifting into East and West Gondwana was proceeded by emplacement of large igneous provinces preserved in present-day South America, Africa and Antarctica. Continued rifting within Antarctica did not lead to continental separation but to the development of the West Antarctic Rift System, dividing the continent into the East and West Antarctic plates, and uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains. Motion between East and West Antarctica has been accommodated by a series of discrete rifting pulses with a westward shift and concentration of the motion throughout the Cenozoic leading to crustal thinning, subsidence, elevated heat flow conditions and rift-related magmatic activity. Contemporaneous with the disintegration of Gondwana and the isolation of Antarctica, subduction processes were active along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Antarctica recorded by magmatic arcs, accretionary complexes, and forearc and back-arc basin sequences. A low in magmatic activity between 156 and 142 Ma suggests that subduction may have ceased during this time. Today, following the gradual cessation of the Antarctic rifting and surrounding subduction, the Antarctic continent is situated close to the centre of a large Antarctic Plate which, with the exception of an active margin on the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, is surrounded by active spreading ridges.

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14

Merle, Olivier, and Laurent Michon. "The formation of the West European Rift; a new model as exemplified by the Massif Central area." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/172.2.213.

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Abstract In this paper, we use mainly field data from the Massif Central area, which have been presented in a companion paper [Michon and Merle, 2001], to discuss the origin and the evolution of the West European Rift system. It is shown that the tectonic event in the Tertiary is two-stage. The overall geological evolution reveal a tectonic paradox as the first stage strongly suggests passive rifting, whereas the second stage displays the first stage of active rifting. In the north, crustal thinning, graben formation and sedimentation at sea level without volcanism during the Lower Oligocene, followed by scattered volcanism in a thinned area during Upper Oligocene and Lower Miocene, represent the classical evolution of a rift resulting from extensional stresses within the lithosphere (i.e. passive rifting). In the south, thinning of the lithospheric mantle associated with doming and volcanism in the Upper Miocene, together with the lack of crustal thinning, may be easily interpreted in terms of the first stage of active rifting due to the ascent of a mantle plume. This active rifting process would have been inhibited before stretching of the crust, as asthenospheric rise associated with uplift and volcanism are the only tectonic events observed. The diachronism of these two events is emphasized by two clearly distinct orientations of crustal thinning in the north and mantle lithospheric thinning in the south. To understand this tectonic paradox, a new model is discussed taking into account the Tertiary evolution of the Alpine chain. It is shown that the formation of a deep lithospheric root may have important mechanical consequences on the adjacent lithosphere. The downward gravitational force acting on the descending slab may induce coeval extension in the surrounding lithosphere. This could trigger graben formation and laguno-marine sedimentation at sea level followed by volcanism as expected for passive rifting. Concurrently, the descending lithospheric flow induces a flow pattern in the asthenosphere which can bring up hot mantle to the base of the adjacent lithosphere. Slow thermal erosion of the base of the lithosphere may lead to a late-stage volcanism and uplift as expected for active rifting.

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15

Marshall, John F., Chao Shing Lee, Douglas C. Ramsay, and Aidan M. G. Moore. "TECTONIC CONTROLS ON SEDIMENTATION AND MATURATION IN THE OFFSHORE NORTH PERTH BASIN." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88037.

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The major tectonic and stratigraphic elements of the offshore North Perth Basin have been delineated from regional BMR multichannel seismic reflection lines, together with industry seismic and well data. This analysis reveals that three sub- basins, the Edel, Abrolhos and Houtman Sub- basins, have formed as a result of three distinct episodes of rifting within the offshore North Perth Basin during the Early Permian, Late Permian and Late Jurassic respectively. During this period, rifting has propagated from east to west, and has culminated in the separation of this part of the Australian continent from Greater India.The boundaries between the sub- basins and many structures within individual sub- basins are considered to have been produced by strike- slip or oblique- slip motion. The offshore North Perth Basin is believed to be a product of transtension, possibly since the earliest phase of rifting. This has culminated in separation and seafloor spreading by oblique extension along the Wallaby Fracture Zone to form a transform passive continental margin.This style of rifting and extension has produced relatively thin syn- rift sequences, some of which have been either partly or completely removed by erosion. While the source- rock potential of the syn- rift phase is limited, post- rift marine transgressional phases and coal measures do provide adequate and relatively widespread source rocks for hydrocarbon generation. Differences in the timing of rifting across the basin have resulted in a maturation pattern whereby mature sediments become younger to the west.

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16

Zhukov, N. N., A. M. Nikishin, E. I. Petrov, and S. I. Freiman. "Rift systems of the East Siberian continental margin." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 5 (October 28, 2020): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2020-5-3-16.

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This paper presents an analysis of the structure and geological history of the shelf of the East Siberian continental margin, based on the interpretation of seismic data in conjunction with geological information. The article describes the main structural elements of the East Siberian Sea which formed as a result of rifting processes (barremian–aptian) — the Novosibirsky, the Mansky, North Melvillsky and Dremheadsky rifts in the northern part of the East Siberian basin, and the Mellvillsky rift in the southern part. Rifts are considered together with volcanic zones and the main relative elevations — De-Long, Wrangel, Kotelnichesky and Baranovsky elevations. It is assumed that the process of rifting thinned out the crust of the Podvodnikov basin. The sedimentary basin was formed by rifting.

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17

Mammerickx, J., and D. Sandwell. "Rifting of old oceanic lithosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research 91, B2 (1986): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb091ib02p01975.

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18

Moretti, Isabelle, and Claude Froidevaux. "Thermomechanical models of active rifting." Tectonics 5, no. 4 (August 1986): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/tc005i004p00501.

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19

Kendall, J. M., G. W. Stuart, C. J. Ebinger, I. D. Bastow, and D. Keir. "Magma-assisted rifting in Ethiopia." Nature 433, no. 7022 (January 13, 2005): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03161.

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20

Withjack, Martha O., and William R. Jamison. "Deformation produced by oblique rifting." Tectonophysics 126, no. 2-4 (June 1986): 99–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(86)90222-2.

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21

Milanovsky, E. E. "Rifting evolution in geological history." Tectonophysics 143, no. 1-3 (November 1987): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90082-5.

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22

Sato, Takeshi, Tetsuo No, Ryuta Arai, Seiichi Miura, and Shuichi Kodaira. "Transition from continental rift to back-arc basin in the southern Japan Sea deduced from seismic velocity structures." Geophysical Journal International 221, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 722–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa006.

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SUMMARY We obtain the crustal structure from active-source seismic surveys using ocean bottom seismographs and seismic shots to elucidate the evolutionary process from continental rifting to the backarc basin opening in the Yamato Basin and Oki Trough in the southern Japan Sea. Results show that the crust changes from approximately 14–15 km thick in the basin (the southern Yamato Basin) to 16.5–17 km in the margin of the basin (the southwestern edge of the Yamato Basin). The P-wave velocity distribution in the crust of the southern Yamato Basin is missing a typical continental upper crust with P-wave velocities of 5.4–6.0 km s–1, and is thought be a thicker oceanic crust formed by a backarc basin opening. By contrast, the crust of the southwestern edge of the Yamato Basin might have been formed by continental rifting because there is an unit with P-wave velocities of 5.4–6.0 km s–1 and with a gentle velocity gradients, corresponding to the continental upper crust in this area. This variation might reflect differences in mantle properties from continental rifting to backarc basin opening of the Yamato Basin. Because the Oki Trough has a crustal thickness of 17–19 km and having a unit with P-wave velocities of 5.4–6.0 km s–1, corresponding to the continental upper crust with a high-velocity lower crust, we infer that this trough was formed by continental rifting with magmatic intrusion or underplating. These crustal variations might reflect transitional stages from continental rifting to backarc basin opening in the southern Japan Sea.

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23

Cummings, A. M., R. R. Hillis, and P. R. Tingate. "STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND THERMAL MATURATION MODELLING OF THE BASS BASIN." APPEA Journal 42, no. 2 (2002): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01067.

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The Bass Basin forms part of the Southern Margin Rift System that developed as a result of the initial separation of Australia and Antarctica. The structural history of the Bass Basin differs from that of a classic extensional basin in that it was influenced by two major rifting events, one associated with the opening of the Southern Ocean (Southern Ocean Rifting) and the other with the opening of the Tasman Sea (Tasman Rifting). The structure and stratigraphy of the basin reflect the impact of both rifting events.A revised model for the structural development of the Bass Basin is proposed. Four important periods of structural development within the basin are:possible Barremian extension associated with the closing phases of Southern Ocean Rifting;Turonian to Campanian extension associated with Tasman Rifting;Campanian to Early Eocene transtensional (wrenchrelated) reactivation of Tasman rift structures, andMiddle Tertiary reactivation.Current geothermal gradients within the Bass Basin are high, ranging from 33°C/km (Pelican–2) to 65°C/km (Konkon–1). Comparison of maturity profiles based on one dimensional thermal modelling with measured maturity profiles indicates that the Late Cretaceous to Recent sequence is experiencing maximum temperatures. Uplift relating to Oligocene to Miocene reactivation is restricted to the northern region of the basin (e.g. Cormorant Trough). Oligocene-Miocene deformation within central and southern regions was restricted to strike-slip reactivation of deep-seated basement involved structures.Assuming constant heat flow based on present-day values, source-rich horizons from the L.balmei to M.diversus intervals within the central depocentre regions of the Cormorant, Yolla and Pelican Troughs appear to have entered the oil expulsion window after deposition of the regional sealing unit, the Demons Bluff Formation. These source- rich horizons continued to pass through the oil expulsion window during and after Oligocene-Miocene reactivation events.An understanding of early rift geometries and subsequent changes in basin architecture and thermal conditions is central to defining new play concepts in this comparatively under-explored basin.

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24

Gilbert, Michael B., and Kathy A. Hill. "GIPPSLAND, A COMPOSITE BASIN-A CASE STUDY FROM THE OFFSHORE NORTHERN STRZELECKI TERRACE, GIPPSLAND BASIN, AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 34, no. 1 (1994): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj93040.

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Detailed interpretation of reflection seismic and well data from the northern Strzelecki Terrace constrain the effect of Southern Margin and Tasman Sea rifting on the evolution of the Gippsland Basin. A new model is proposed which divides the basin into two structurally distinct provinces (East and West Gippsland Basin), separated by a broad zone of accommodation which is referred to in this paper as the 'Kingfish/Tuna Transition Zone'. This zone is a distinct region across which structural styles change within the basin due to the interaction of extensional forces resulting from both Southern Margin and Tasman Sea rifting. No evidence has been found, however, for the existence of transfer zones within the northern margin of Gippsland Basin as previously suggested by other authors.The Gippsland Basin is observed to have a composite history; a younger 'Tasman Rift' Basin (a Tasman Sea aulacogen) overlying a regionally more extensive 'Strzelecki Basin' (the result of rifting along Australia's Southern Margin). Both basins have formed as half graben with opposing asymmetry. Re-evaluation of the Cretaceous palynology in conjunction with reflection seismic data from selected wells have enabled division of the Cretaceous section of the northern Strzelecki Terrace into three tectonically distinct sedimentary units: the Lower Strzelecki, Upper Strzelecki and Golden Beach Megasequences. The Lower Strzelecki Megasequence exhibits considerable thickening towards a south-bounding master fault, and is inferred to have been deposited during a phase of active rifting. It is separated from the overlying Upper Strzelecki Megasequence by a pronounced late Aptian age angular unconformity. The Upper Strzelecki Megasequence is a thick sedimentary unit which shows less syn-sedimentary faulting and is inferred to be deposited during a period of tectonic quiescence, possibly during a sag phase following active rifting. The Golden Beach Megasequence shows renewal of rifting with growth towards a north bounding fault system and is differentiated from the underlying Strzelecki Megasequences by a distinct change in seismic character across a subtle early Campanian age angular unconformity.

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25

V. V., Golozubov, Phach P.V., and Anh L. D. "RIFTING IN MARGINAL SEAS OF THE WSTERN PACIFIC." Tikhookeanskaya Geologiya 43, no. 1 (2024): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30911/0207-4028-2024-43-1-3-26.

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The paper presents a review of structural features of rifting during the formation of Cenozoic basins of marginal seas of the Western Pacific. The assumption that rifting always starts with a passive stage and is only occasionally interrupted by episodes of active rifting is fully confirmed by examples from the studied basins. Rifting occurred under a compressive regime with NE and NNE-directed shortening that resulted in the formation of either a chain of pull-apart basins or rifts scattered between major strike-slip faults in the great part of the South China Sea. The NE and NNE directions of horizontal compressive force are apparently related to the convective currents in the asthenospheric mantle that have extended from the spreading ridge of the Indian Ocean and have carried plate fragments deformed to some extent during their transportation. The north-northeastward drift of the Indian, Australian, and Eurasian plates associated with these mantle currents does not reveal any connection with subduction from adjacent Paleo-Pacific plates, which continue to move in the NW direction up to the present time. Thus, formation of the marginal basins of the Western Pacific were unaffected by subduction from the Pacific Ocean side and they can be regarded as back-arc basins only due to their geographical locations.

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26

Bailey, J. C., and C. K. Brooks. "Petrochemistry and tectonic setting of Lower Cretaceous tholeiites from Franz Josef Land, U.S.S.R." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 37 (October 14, 1988): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1988-37-04.

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The whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry of six samples of Lower Cretaceous tholeiitic basalt from Franz Josef Land, U.S.S.R., have been studied. Geochemical criteria indicate that the basalts are initial rifting tholeiites characterised by low contents of Ti and other H-elements, suggesting derivation from a depleted mantle source. These tholeiites formed during a Lower Cretaceous rifting stage in the formation of the Arctic Ocean basin, most likely the opening of the Canada Basin.

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27

Hill, K. A., D. M. Finlayson, K. C. Hill, and G. T. Cooper. "MESOZOIC TECTONICS OF THE OTWAY BASIN REGION: THE LEGACY OF GONDWANA AND THE ACTVE PACIFIC MARGIN—A REVIEW AND ONGOING RESEARCH." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94030.

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Mesozoic extension along Australia's southern margin and the evolution and architecture of the Otway Basin were probably controlled by three factors: 1) changes in global plate movements driven by mantle processes; 2) the structural grain of Palaeozoic basement; and, 3) changes in subduction along Gondwana's Pacific margin. Major plate realignments controlled the Jurassic onset of rifting, the mid-Cretaceous break-up and the Eocene onset of rapid spreading in the Southern Ocean.The initial southern margin rift site was influenced by the northern limit of Pacific margin (extensional) Jurassic dolerites and the rifting may have terminated dolerite emplacement. Changed conditions of Pacific margin subduction (e.g. ridge subduction) in the Aptian may have placed the Australia-Antarctic plates into minor compression, abating Neocomian southern margin rifting. It also produced vast amounts of volcanolithic sediment from the Pacific margin arc that was funnelled down the rift graben, causing additional regional subsidence due to loading. Albian orogenic collapse of the Pacific margin, related to collision with the Phoenix Plate, influenced mid-Cretaceous breakup propagating south of Tasmania and into the Tasman Sea.Major offsets of the spreading axis during breakup, at the Tasman and Spencer Fracture zones, were most likely controlled by the location of Palaeozoic terrane boundaries. The Tasman Fracture System was reactivated during break-up, with considerable uplift and denudation of the Bass failed rift to the east, which controlled Otway Basin facies distribution. Palaeozoic structures also had a significant effect in determining the half graben orientations within a general N-S extensional regime during early Cretaceous rifting. The late Cretaceous second stage of rifting, seaward of the Tartwaup, Timboon and Sorell fault zones, left a stable failed rift margin to the north, but the attenuated lithosphere of the Otway-Sorell microplate to the south records repeated extension that led to continental separation and may be part of an Antarctic upper plate.

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28

Izart, Alain, Yves Le Nindre, Randell Stephenson, Denis Vaslet, and Sergei Stovba. "Quantification of the control of sequences by tectonics and eustacy in the Dniepr-Donets Basin and on the Russian Platform during Carboniferous and Permian." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 174, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/174.1.93.

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Abstract A comparative quantitative analysis of late Paleozoic subsidence in the Moscow and Dniepr-Donets basins provides additional insight into the relative importance of tectonics and eustacy as sedimentation driving forces. Late Devonian rifting clearly displayed in the Dniepr-Donets Basin and underlying Precambrian East European Craton probably also affected the Moscow Basin. After this episode, however, the history of both basins diverged ; rifting processes ceased in the Moscow Basin but continued in the Dniepr-Donets Basin. The Moscow Basin is an intracratonic basin that can be modelled with a lithospheric heating phase from Devonian to Bashkirian times and a subsequent cooling phase generating thermal subsidence from Moscovian to Asselian times. The Dniepr-Donets Basin is a rift basin displaying an initial rifting phase during the late Devonian, an initial phase of post-rift evolution from the Tournaisian to the base of late Viséan, and a second rifting phase, seen mainly in the Donets and Donbas segments only, from late Viséan to Asselian times. Subsequent subsidences ended with uplift during the Sakmarian and were overprinted by compressional tectonics during Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. A comparison of local and global second-order stratigraphic sequences, allowing an estimation of the ratio of the importance of eustatic to tectonic processes controlling subsidence in each basin, demonstrates that eustacy controlled sedimentation in the Moscow Basin and tectonics prevailed in the Dniepr-Donets Basin.

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29

Park, John K. "Paleomagnetic evidence for low-latitude glaciation during deposition of the Neoproterozoic Rapitan Group, Mackenzie Mountains, N.W.T., Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-003.

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The rift-related Rapitan Group of the Mackenzie Mountains of northwestern Canada acquired several magnetizations due to pulses of hydrothermal activity. The first pulse, attributed to initiation of Rapitan rifting, produced a widespread overprint (P2) that may be reflected in the basal Mount Berg Formation. Two later pulses produced overprints similar to components found in an earlier study. Development of iron formation and hematite pigment in the overlying Sayunei Formation is attributed to the second pulse, represented by a paleopole (N = 10 sites; 334°E, 01°S; δp, δm = 4°, 9°) that coincides with poles of the Franklin igneous events of northern Canada. The Franklin episode, suggested on geological grounds to be coeval with Sayunei deposition, dates the Sayunei at ca. 725 Ma. This relation implies that rifting in Mackenzie Mountains could be related to rifting in northern Canada. A third pulse, reflected by a pole at 007°E, 16°N (N = 6 sites; δp, δm = 6°, 12°), is attributed to final rifting during deposition of the Shezal Formation at the top of the Rapitan. Overprints attributed to Sayunei and Shezal times indicate regional latitudes of 6 ± 4° and 4 ± 6° during the Sturtian glaciation. During Mount Berg time, the regional latitude could have exceeded 25°. All directions have been tilt corrected and some have been then rotated, based on comparisons with a P2 reference overprint.

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30

Mudford, Brett S. "A quantitative analysis of lithospheric subsidence due to thinning by simple shear." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-002.

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Kinematic simple-shear models have recently been used to provide qualitative explanations for tectonic features in the Basin and Range Province of the southwestern United States and on passive margins. In this paper, a general kinematic simple-shear model is presented. Explicit expressions for the subsidence and stretching factors across a simple-shear zone are derived for two important cases. The first case is one in which simple-shear rifting occurs along a major fault that cuts through the whole lithosphere. In the second case, simple-shear thinning takes place in a brittle zone overlying a regional ductile zone that is undergoing pure-shear thinning. In these cases the subsidence and stretching factors both have characteristic distributions across the stretched region, which can indicate the dominant mode of rifting. It is also shown that simple-shear rifting under the assumption of local isostatic compensation cannot lead to the production of uplifted metamorphic core complexes unless some additional mechanism such as crustal underplating is operating.

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31

Moghadam, Fereshteh Ranjbar, Fariborz Masoudi, Fernando Corfu, and Seyed Massoud Homam. "Ordovician mafic magmatism in an Ediacaran arc complex, Sibak, northeastern Iran: the eastern tip of the Rheic Ocean." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 55, no. 10 (October 2018): 1173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2018-0072.

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The assembly of Gondwana in the Ediacaran was concluded by extensive arc magmatism along its northern margin. Extensional events in the early Paleozoic led to rifting and the eventual separation of terranes, which were later assimilated in different continents and orogens. The Sibak area of northeastern Iran records these events, including late Precambrian volcanic-sedimentary processes, metamorphism, and magmatism. A granite at Chahak in the Sibak Complex yields a zircon U–Pb age of 548.3 ± 1.1 Ma, whereas a spatially associated gabbro has an age of 471.1 ± 0.9 Ma. The latter corresponds to the earliest stages of rifting in the nearby Alborz domain, with the deposition of clastic sedimentary sequences, basaltic volcanism, and, as indicated by indirect evidence, coeval granitic plutonism. The Chahak gabbro is thus one of the earliest witnesses of the rifting processes that eventually led to the development of the Rheic Ocean and were indirectly linked to subduction of Iapetus at the Laurentian margin and the early development of the Appalachian orogen.

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32

Voosen, Paul. "Origin of diamond-bearing eruptions revealed." Science 381, no. 6656 (July 28, 2023): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adj9565.

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33

Lutz, Brandon M., Gary J. Axen, Jolante W. van Wijk, and Fred M. Phillips. "Whole-lithosphere shear during oblique rifting." Geology 50, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49603.1.

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Abstract Processes controlling the formation of continental whole-lithosphere shear zones are debated, but their existence requires that the lithosphere is mechanically coupled from base to top. We document the formation of a dextral, whole-lithosphere shear zone in the Death Valley region (DVR), southwest United States. Dextral deflections of depth gradients in the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and Moho are stacked vertically, defining a 20–50-km-wide, lower lithospheric shear zone with ~60 km of shear. These deflections underlie an upper-crustal fault zone that accrued ~60 km of dextral slip since ca. 8–7 Ma, when we infer that whole-lithosphere shear began. This dextral offset is less than net dextral offset on the upper-crustal fault zone (~90 km, ca. 13–0 Ma) and total upper-crustal extension (~250 km, ca. 16–0 Ma). We show that, before ca. 8–7 Ma, weak middle crust decoupled upper-crustal deformation from deformation in the lower crust and mantle lithosphere. Between 16 and 7 Ma, detachment slip thinned, uplifted, cooled, and thus strengthened the middle crust, which is exposed in metamorphic core complexes collocated with the whole-lithosphere shear zone. Midcrustal strengthening coupled the layered lithosphere vertically and therefore enabled whole-lithosphere dextral shear. Where thick crust exists (as in pre–16 Ma DVR), midcrustal strengthening is probably a necessary condition for whole-lithosphere shear.

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34

Wright, Tim J., Atalay Ayele, David Ferguson, Tesfaye Kidane, and Charlotte Vye-Brown. "Magmatic rifting and active volcanism: introduction." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 420, no. 1 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp420.18.

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35

Yu, Youqiang, Cory Reed, Kelly Liu, and Stephen Gao. "Tectonics of the incipient continental rifting." Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 93, S1 (May 2019): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.13962.

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36

Morgan, Paul. "A deep look at African rifting." Nature 354, no. 6350 (November 1991): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/354188a0.

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37

Fernández, Carlos, Ramón Casillas, Encarnación García Navarro, Margarita Gutiérrez, Manuel A. Camacho, and Agustina Ahijado. "Miocene rifting of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands)." Tectonics 25, no. 6 (November 30, 2006): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005tc001941.

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38

Rogers, John J. W., and Bruce R. Rosendahl. "Perceptions and issues in continental rifting." Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 8, no. 2-4 (January 1989): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(89)80020-x.

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39

Wang, Jian, and Chuang-Long Mou. "Neoproterozoic Rifting History of South China." Gondwana Research 4, no. 4 (October 2001): 813–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70600-6.

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40

Lemoine, Marcel, and Rudolf Trümpy. "Pre-oceanic rifting in the alps." Tectonophysics 133, no. 3-4 (February 1987): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(87)90272-1.

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41

Pogue, Kevin R., Joseph A. DiPietro, Said Rahim Khan, Scott S. Hughes, John H. Dilles, and Robert D. Lawrence. "Late Paleozoic Rifting in northern Pakistan." Tectonics 11, no. 4 (August 1992): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92tc00335.

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42

Sibuet, Jean-Claude, and Shiri Srivastava. "Rifting consequences of three plate separation." Geophysical Research Letters 21, no. 7 (April 1, 1994): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93gl03304.

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43

Nagel, Thorsten J., and W. Roger Buck. "Symmetric alternative to asymmetric rifting models." Geology 32, no. 11 (2004): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g20785.1.

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44

Trincardi, F., and N. Zitellini. "The rifting of the Tyrrhenian Basin." Geo-Marine Letters 7, no. 1 (March 1987): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02310459.

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45

Rice, A. H. N. "A tectonic model for the evolution of the Finnmarkian Caledonides of North Norway." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 602–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-059.

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A revision of previous plate models for the evolution of the Finnmarkian orogen in North Norway, based on new structural, palaeogeographical, palaeontological, and geochemical evidence is proposed. In this model, two zones of crustal extension occurred within the Laurentia–Baltica craton, as preserved in North Norway. The eastern zone (Gaissa Basin) was an aulacogen that was filled by shallow-marine to fluviatile sediments, including dolomitic and sabkha facies, overlain by glacial and further shallow-marine deposits of Vendian age. The western zone developed into the Iapetus Ocean in which a transgressive sequence of shallow-marine sandstones and mudstones was followed by sporadic carbonate facies and, finally, distal turbidites. Development of the Gaissa Basin during the late Riphean was followed by the rifting of the Iapetus Ocean somewhat later, in the early Sinian. The two basins were separated by a topographic high, the Finnmark Ridge, which became submerged during the earliest Vendian. These ages have been inferred from the proposed stratigraphic correlations and by the qualitative application of modem concepts of continental-margin development. Metabasic dykes within the 3.3 km thick Iapetus Ocean sediments have been related to an unspecified period of tension, post-Iapetus rifting, and not to Iapetus rifting as previously inferred. Comparison of this model with those from central Scandinavia shows marked discrepancies; it is postulated (but not demonstrated) that the age of rifting in central Scandinavia may have been considerably older than previously interpreted from the emplacement ages of the Ottfjället metadolerite dykes.

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46

Robert, B., M. Domeier, and J. Jakob. "Iapetan Oceans: An analog of Tethys?" Geology 48, no. 9 (June 5, 2020): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47513.1.

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Abstract The Iapetus Ocean opened during the breakup of Rodinia by the separation of the major continental blocks of Laurentia (LA), Baltica, and Amazonia (AM). Relics of protracted continental extension to rifting from 750 to 530 Ma are observed along those continental margins, including two distinct phases of rifting: (1) at 750–680 Ma, and (2) at 615–550 Ma. Conventionally, the second phase is thought to have led to the opening of the Iapetus, while the first phase marked a failed rifting attempt. We challenge this concept on the basis of a new review of the geological observations from those margins and propose the successive opening of two “Iapetan” ocean basins. First, a “Paleo-Iapetus” opened between LA and AM at ca. 700 Ma, followed by the opening of the “Neo-Iapetus” at 600 Ma, which led to the final disaggregation of the supercontinent Rodinia. This scenario better explains the absence of the second rifting phase in western AM, as well as an otherwise enigmatic late Neoproterozoic detrital zircon age fraction in Phanerozoic sediments along that margin. We further propose that the opening of the Neo-Iapetus led to the detachment of small terranes from LA and their drift toward AM, following subduction of the Paleo-Iapetus mid-ocean ridge and the arrival of a mantle plume around 615 Ma. This could be a direct, deep-time analog of the opening of the Neo-Tethys Ocean in the late Paleozoic.

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47

Kiss, Gabriella B., Erika Oláh, Federica Zaccarini, and Sándor Szakáll. "Neotethyan rifting-related ore occurrences: study of an accretionary mélange complex (Darnó Unit, NE Hungary)." Geologica Carpathica 67, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2016-0006.

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AbstractThe geology of the NE Hungarian Darnó Unit is rather complicated, as it is composed mostly of a Jurassic accretionary mélange complex, according to the most recent investigations. The magmatic and sedimentary rock blocks of the mélange represent products of different evolutionary stages of the Neotethys; including Permian and Triassic sedimentary rocks of marine rifting related origin, Triassic pillow basalt of advanced rifting related origin and Jurassic pillow basalt originated in back-arc-basin environment. This small unit contains a copper-gold occurrence in the Permian marly-clayey limestone, an iron enrichment in the Triassic sedimentary succession, a copper-silver ore occurrence in Triassic pillow basalts and a copper ore indication, occurring both in the Triassic and Jurassic pillow basalts. The present study deals with the Cu(-Ag) occurrence in the Triassic basalt and the Fe occurrence in the Triassic sedimentary succession. The former shows significant similarities with the Michigan-type mineralizations, while the latter has typical characteristics of the Fe-SEDEX deposits. All the above localities fit well into the new geological model of the investigated area. The mineralizations represent the different evolutionary stages of the Neotethyan rifting and an epigenetic, Alpine metamorphism-related process and their recent, spatially close position is the result of the accretionary mélange formation. Thus, the Darnó Unit represents a perfect natural laboratory for studying and understanding the characteristic features of several different rifting related ore forming processes.

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48

Weert, Annelotte, Kei Ogata, Francesco Vinci, Coen Leo, Giovanni Bertotti, Jerome Amory, and Stefano Tavani. "Multiple phase rifting and subsequent inversion in the West Netherlands Basin: implications for geothermal reservoir characterization." Solid Earth 15, no. 2 (February 5, 2024): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024.

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Abstract. Aiming to contribute to the energy transition, this study provides an integrated picture of the geothermal system hosted in the West Netherlands Basin and shows how the reconstruction of the basin's geological history can contribute to the correct exploration and exploitation of its geothermal resources. In the West Netherlands Basin, the main geothermal targets are found in the Cretaceous and Jurassic strata that were deposited during the rifting and post-rifting stages and were deformed during the subsequent basin inversion. Despite multiple studies on the tectonic setting, the timing and tectono-stratigraphic architecture of the rift system and its overall control on the development and evolution of geothermal systems are still to be fully deciphered. In this study, a detailed seismo-stratigraphic interpretation of the syn- and post-rift intervals in the West Netherlands Basin will be given within the framework of geothermal exploration. A recently released and reprocessed 3D seismic cube is used, covering a large portion of the onshore section of the basin. We identified two major Jurassic rifting episodes and a Late Cretaceous inversion event. During the Jurassic rifting phases, the compartmentalization of the basin and the creation of accommodation space led to the deposition of the Late Jurassic Nieuwerkerk Formation, which is the main regional geothermal producing target. Within this formation, we individuate growth synclines located in the central portions of the Jurassic half-grabens as sites that show good potential for geothermal exploration.

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49

de Castro, David Lopes, Francisco Hilário Bezerra, Reinhardt Adolfo Fuck, and Roberta Mary Vidotti. "Geophysical evidence of pre-sag rifting and post-rifting fault reactivation in the Parnaíba basin, Brazil." Solid Earth 7, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 529–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-7-529-2016.

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Abstract. This study investigated the rifting mechanism that preceded the prolonged subsidence of the Paleozoic Parnaíba basin in Brazil and shed light on the tectonic evolution of this large cratonic basin in the South American platform. From the analysis of aeromagnetic, aerogravity, seismic reflection and borehole data, we concluded the following: (1) large pseudo-gravity and gravity lows mimic graben structures but are associated with linear supracrustal strips in the basement. (2) Seismic data indicate that 120–200 km wide and up to 300 km long rift zones occur in other parts of the basins. These rift zones mark the early stage of the 3.5 km thick sag basin. (3) The rifting phase occurred in the early Paleozoic and had a subsidence rate of 47 m Myr−1. (4) This rifting phase was followed by a long period of sag basin subsidence at a rate of 9.5 m Myr−1 between the Silurian and the late Cretaceous, during which rift faults propagated and influenced deposition. These data interpretations support the following succession of events: (1) after the Brasiliano orogeny (740–580 Ma), brittle reactivation of ductile basement shear zones led to normal and dextral oblique-slip faulting concentrated along the Transbrasiliano Lineament, a continental-scale shear zone that marks the boundary between basement crustal blocks. (2) The post-orogenic tectonic brittle reactivation of the ductile basement shear zones led to normal faulting associated with dextral oblique-slip crustal extension. In the west, pure-shear extension induced the formation of rift zones that crosscut metamorphic foliations and shear zones within the Parnaíba block. (3) The rift faults experienced multiple reactivation phases. (4) Similar processes may have occurred in coeval basins in the Laurentia and Central African blocks of Gondwana.

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50

Wang, Pinxian, Chi-Yue Huang, Jian Lin, Zhimin Jian, Zhen Sun, and Minghui Zhao. "The South China Sea is not a mini-Atlantic: plate-edge rifting vs intra-plate rifting." National Science Review 6, no. 5 (September 2019): 902–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz135.

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Abstract The South China Sea, as ‘a non-volcanic passive margin basin’ in the Pacific, has often been considered as a small-scale analogue of the Atlantic. The recent ocean drilling in the northern South China Sea margin found, however, that the Iberian model of non-volcanic rifted margin from the Atlantic does not apply to the South China Sea. In this paper, we review a variety of rifted basins and propose to discriminate two types of rifting basins: plate-edge type such as the South China Sea and intra-plate type like the Atlantic. They not only differ from each other in structure, formation process, lifespan and geographic size, but also occur at different stages of the Wilson cycle. The intra-plate rifting occurred in the Mesozoic and gave rise to large oceans, whereas the plate-edge rifting took place mainly in the mid-Cenozoic, with three-quarters of the basins concentrated in the Western Pacific. As a member of the Western Pacific system of marginal seas, the South China Sea should be studied not in isolation on its origin and evolution, but in a systematic context to include also its neighboring counterparts.

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