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1
Postan, Emily Rose. "Defining ourselves : narrative identity and access to personal biological information." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25733.
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When biological information about an individual is produced in healthcare or research settings, ethical questions may arise about whether the individual herself should be able to access it. This thesis argues that the individual’s identity-related interests warrant serious attention in framing and addressing these questions. Identity interests are largely neglected in bioethical, policy and legal debates about information access – except where information about genetic parentage is concerned. Even there, the relationship between information and identity, and the interests involved, remain unclear. This thesis seeks to fill this conceptual gap and challenge this exceptionalism. It does so by developing a normative account of the roles that a wide range of information about our health, bodies and biological relationships – ‘personal bioinformation’ – can play in the construction of our self-conceptions. This account is developed in two steps. First, building on existing philosophical theories of narrative self-constitution, this thesis proposes that personal bioinformation has a critical role to play in the construction of identity narratives that remain coherent and support us in navigating our embodied experiences. Secondly, drawing on empirical literature reporting individuals’ attitudes to receiving three categories of personal bioinformation (about donor conception, genetic disease susceptibility, and neuroimaging-based psychiatric diagnoses), the thesis seeks to illustrate, demonstrate the plausibility of, and to refine this theoretically-based proposition. From these foundations, it is argued that we can have strong identity-related interests in whether and how we are able to access bioinformation about ourselves. The practical implications of this conclusion are then explored. It is argued that identity interests are not reducible to other interests (for example, in health protection) commonly weighed in information disclosure decisions. They, therefore, warrant attention in their own right. An ethical framework is developed to guide delivery of this. This framework sets out the ethical responsibilities of those who hold bioinformation about us to respond to our identity interests in information disclosure practices and policies. The framework is informed by indications from the illustrative examples that our interests engaged as much by how bioinformation is communicated as whether it is disclosed. Moreover, these interests are not uniformly engaged by all bioinformation in all circumstances and there is potential for identity detriment as well as benefit. The ethical framework highlights the opportunities for and challenges of responding to identity interests and the scope and limits of potential disclosers’ responsibilities to do so. It also makes recommendations as to the principles and characteristics of identity-supporting disclosure practices.
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Apple, Angela L. "Apocalypse how? : a generic criticism of on-line Christian Identity rhetoric as apocalyptic rhetoric." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1100451.
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This study explores the complex relationship between radical right rhetoric and the genre of apocalyptic rhetoric. The radical right consists of the White Nationalist and Patriot movements, two common "hate group" movements in the United States. The Klanwatch (1998d) explains that the number of hate groups in the United States grew by 20 percent in 1997. They attribute much of this growth to the movement's use of the Internet. Although these hate groups are highly diverse, Christian Identity is a common theology to which many members of the radical right adhere.This study analyzes two artifacts representational of Christian Identity rhetoric. These artifacts were found on the Web site of the Northwest Kinsmen, a radical right group from the Pacific Northwest. Christian Identity is a "pseudo-Christian" theology that claims that white Christians are the true Israelites and that Jews are actually "children of Satan." Christian Identity followers believe that there will be a racial war (i.e., racial apocalypse) in which white Christians will triumph over the forces of evil (Abanes, 1996).This study utilizes the rhetorical method of generic criticism to determine that the Christian Identity rhetoric present on the Northwest Kinsmen's Web site is apocalyptic rhetoric. Generic theory, the theoretical foundation of this study, argues that rhetorical genres have common situational, substantive, and stylistic features and a common "organizing principle" that unifies the genre. Therefore, this study compares the key features of apocalyptic rhetoric to the Northwest Kinsmen artifacts. Through this study, a greater understanding of the social reality, beliefs, attitudes, and values of the radical right, Christian Identity rhetors is obtained.This study discovers that the Christian Identity rhetoric found on the Northwest Kinsmen's Web site is apocalyptic rhetoric. This study illustrates that these Christian Identity rhetors believe that they are living in a chaotic world of inexplicable problems. Through apocalyptic rhetoric, the rhetors help explain the "crises" facing the audience and therefore restore order in their lives. Specifically, this study shows how these apocalyptic rhetors utilize conspiracy theories to restore order. Additionally, it illustrates how the rhetorical strategies associated with apocalyptic rhetoric (i.e., typology, transfer, and style and language) are used to enhance the credibility of the rhetor and the legitimacy of even the most racist assertions. Finally, this study provides insight into the use of the Internet by radical right groups.Department of Speech Communication
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Ferreira, Paula de Carvalho Santos. "O direito à identidade genética em conflito com o anonimato do doador de sêmen: aspectos bioéticos e jurídicos." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/123456730/256.
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O presente trabalho visa discutir o conflito entre o anonimato do doador de sêmen e o direito à identidade genética na técnica de reprodução assistida heteróloga. Aborda-se a busca dos casais inférteis pelo sonho de ter filhos, sendo necessária, algumas vezes, a utilização de material genético alheio aos deles. Discutem-se os princípios da Bioética e do Biodireito que permeiam os avanços da Biotecnologia, no intuito de preservar a humanidade de forma digna. No Brasil, defende-se o anonimato do doador de sêmen, tendo em vista que não há legislação específica, apenas resoluções do Conselho Federal de Medicina, gerando reflexões éticas e jurídicas. Há uma discrepância entre o contrato do doador de sêmen, que deve ser obrigatoriamente gratuito, e o contrato de recepção de sêmen, que é oneroso e lucrativo para as clínicas de reprodução humana assistida, pois prestam serviços médicos utilizando material genético gratuitamente obtido. Outrossim, não se confundem o direito à identidade genética com o direito de reconhecimento de paternidade. O princípio da afetividade norteia o Direito de Família, não sendo o pai biológico, de fato, o pai afetivo do indivíduo. O direito à ascendência genética está atrelado aos direitos de personalidade do ser humano, cuja existência deve ser digna, seja no aspecto físico ou emocional/psíquico. Percebe-se, então, que há uma carência de legislação para garantir o direito apenas à identidade genética, o que não incidiria em obrigações afetivas, alimentares ou/e sucessórias para o doador de sêmen.
This paper discusses the conflict between the anonymity of the sperm donor and the right to genetic identity in heterologous reproductive assisted technology. Deals with the search for the dream of infertile couples to have children, requiring sometimes the use of genetic material foreign to them. The principles of Bioethics and Biolaw discussing that pervade the advances in Biotechnology, in order to preserve humanity dignity. In Brazil, defends anonymity of semen donor, given that there is no specific legislation, only resolutions of the Federal Council of Medicine, generating ethical and legal considerations. There is a discrepancy between the semen donor contract, which must necessarily be free, and semen reception agreement, which is expensive and profitable for the assisted human reproduction clinics, as providing medical services by using genetic material obtained for free. Also, do not confuse the right to genetic identity with the right to paternity recognition. The principle of affectivity guides the Family Law, not being the biological father, in fact, the emotional individual's father. The right to genetic ancestry is linked to the personality rights of the human being, whose existence should be worthy, is the physical aspect or emotional / mental. It is clear, then, that there is a lack of legislation to ensure the right genetic identity, which would focus not on affective bonds, food and / or succession to the semen donor.
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Stroud, Joseph James Iain. "Constructions of identity through music in extreme-right subcultures." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9575.
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This thesis examines the musical cultures associated with extreme-right politics, considering not only what this music projects about extreme-right ideology, but also the various ways in which music functions as part of a political subculture. This analysis extends beyond the stereotypical extreme-right music associated with the skinhead subculture, often referred to as Oi!, to incorporate extreme-right engagement with genres such as metal, folk, country and classical music. The chapters explore various aspects of identity—including race, sexuality, gender and class—and their significance to and reflection through extreme-right music, as manifested in genre choices, lyrics, album artwork and the features of the music itself. The thesis also considers the way in which less explicit content is produced and the motivation behind this, the importance of myth and fantasy in extreme-right music, and the way that the conspiracist mindset—which is prevalent, albeit not homogeneous, in extreme-right culture—is articulated both in extreme-right music and in the interpretation of mainstream music as antagonistic to extreme-right goals. Music is significant to extreme-right politics for a number of reasons. It is generally understood to be an effective tool in the indoctrination and recruitment of individuals into extreme-right ideology and politics, which is why music is sometimes freely distributed, particularly to youths. The very existence of this music can act to legitimise extreme-right views through the implication that they are shared by its producers and audience. Music also acts as an important tool for the imagining of an extreme-right community through its creation of a space to meet and create networks, a function consolidated by the media surrounding music, particularly websites, forums and magazines. As well as constructing the spaces for extreme-right communities, this music plays an important role in identifying the characteristics of those communities, in articulating what it is to be “us” as contrasted to “them.” Analysis of this music suggests that it has the ability to resolve the ideological contradictions which define the extreme right, even as this analysis reveals such contradictions.
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Lloyd, Stephanie 1975. "Genetic states : collective identity and genetic nationalism in Iceland and Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32926.
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Population genetics studies, coupling genealogical and genetic information, are being launched in many places around the world. Examples include commercial projects, scientific inquiries into the determinants of disease, efforts to better understand healthcare needs, and attempts to trace the histories of groups. Two such studies have been launched in Iceland and Quebec. One of the motives for the creation of and participation in these projects is a personal interest in learning about one's genetic lineage and a collective pride in a putative national genetic identity. In this thesis I will be examining how new genetic information has been drawn into claims of national identity and how genetic technologies have been used to create imagined genetically homogenous communities.
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Fish, Maryam. "Analysis of genetic variations associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20350.
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Cardiomyopathy accounts for 20-30% of acute heart failure cases in adult Africans. Several types of cardiomyopathy have been identified; this study focused primarily on the genetic causes of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Many genes are implicated in ARVC pathogenesis, but many remain to be identified. We investigated a South African family (ACM2) with autosomal dominant ARVC, for whom the genetic cause of disease was unknown. Extensive genetic analysis was previously performed using genome-wide linkage analysis, but no disease-causing genetic variant was identified. We subsequently performed candidate gene screening of the phospholamban (PLN) gene, genome-wide copy number variant (CNV) analysis and whole exome sequencing to identify the causal genetic variant. The ACM2 family harboured no disease-causing PLN variants. However, on screening all cardiomyopathy cases in our registry (ARVC, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and peripartum cardiomyopathy), we identified a known pathogenic PLN variant (c.25C>T; p.R9C) in a DCM family of European descent. This variant was reported in an American DCM family of European descent. Haplotype analysis revealed independent variant origins in these families. CNV analysis revealed no disease-causing variants in the ACM2 family. Whole exome sequencing of two affected ACM2 family members revealed 38 variants shared by these individuals. Variants were verified in family members and population controls by high resolution melt analysis and Sanger sequencing, and by bioinformatics analysis to predict variant pathogenicity. A novel N-cadherin (CDH2) c.686A>C (p.Q229P) variant segregated with ARVC in the ACM2 family and was bioinformatically predicted to be deleterious. An additional pathogenic CDH2 variant (c.1219G>A (p.D407N)) was identified in another individual with ARVC after screening 85 cases. These CDH2 variants were absent in normal population controls. Furthermore, alterations in Cdh2 are known to cause cardiomyopathy in rodent models. Taken together, these findings support the causal role of N-cadherin gene variants in human cardiomyopathy.
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Johansson, Thomas Miegel Fredrik. "Do the right thing : lifestyle and identity in contemporary youth culture /." Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355880115.
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Klein, Jeff. "Identity Protection: Copyright, Right of Publicity, and the Artist's Negative Voice." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395585265.
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Peplow, Katherine. "Discussions of Personal Identity in Genetic Counseling Supervision." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623165916484682.
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Frasier, Timothy Ray White Bradley Neil. "Integrating genetic and photo-identification data to assess reproductive success in the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) /." *McMaster only, 2005.
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Shurts, Sarah E. Reid Donald M. "Redefining the engagé intellectual identity and the French extreme right, 1898-1968 /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1183.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.
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Smith, Anna Maria. "Otherness and identity : British New Right discourse on race, nation and sexuality." Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303458.
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Dawes, Timothy. "The anthropometric, environmental and genetic determinants of right ventricular structure and function." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/30634.
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Background: Measures of right ventricular (RV) structure and function have significant prognostic value. The right ventricle is currently assessed by global measures, or point surrogates, which are insensitive to regional and directional changes. We aim to create a high-resolution three-dimensional RV model to improve understanding of its structural and functional determinants. These may be particularly of interest in pulmonary hypertension (PH), a condition in which RV function and outcome are strongly linked. PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility and additional benefit of applying three-dimensional phenotyping and contemporary statistical and genetic approaches to large patient populations. Methods: Healthy subjects and incident PH patients were prospectively recruited. Using a semi-automated atlas-based segmentation algorithm, 3D models characterising RV wall position and displacement were developed, validated and compared with anthropometric, physiological and genetic influences. Statistical techniques were adapted from other high-dimensional approaches to deal with the problems of multiple testing, contiguity, sparsity and computational burden. Results: 1527 healthy subjects successfully completed high-resolution 3D CMR and automated segmentation. Of these, 927 subjects underwent next-generation sequencing of the sarcomeric gene titin and 947 subjects completed genotyping of common variants for genome-wide association study. 405 incident PH patients were recruited, of whom 256 completed phenotyping. 3D modelling demonstrated significant reductions in sample size compared to two-dimensional approaches. 3D analysis demonstrated that RV basal-freewall function reflects global functional changes most accurately and that a similar region in PH patients provides stronger survival prediction than all anthropometric, haemodynamic and functional markers. Vascular stiffness, titin truncating variants and common variants may also contribute to changes in RV structure and function. Conclusions: High-resolution phenotyping coupled with computational analysis methods can improve insights into the determinants of RV structure and function in both healthy subjects and PH patients. Large, population-based approaches offer physiological insights relevant to clinical care in selected patient groups.
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Medland, Sarah. "The genetic epidemiology of behavioural laterality /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19204.pdf.
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Bowen, Michael D. "Fight for the right the quest for Republican identity in the postwar period /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015635.
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PENNA, IANA SOARES DE OLIVEIRA. "DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON AND RIGHT FOR IDENTITY IN THE GENDER REASSIGNMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18434@1.
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A presente dissertação defende a possibilidade da alteração do Registro
Civil dos transexuais para que constem nome e sexo condizentes com o seu sexo
reivindicado, mesmo nos casos em que não foi realizada a cirurgia de
redesignação sexual. A partir de uma visão da transexualidade capaz de alocá-la
fora dos marcos patologizantes e encará-la como uma experiência idenitária e
ainda diante da visão do sexo como um conceito pluridimensional envolvendo
fatores de ordem física, psíquica e social, a possibilidade de autodeterminação
sexual é vista como uma garantia constitucional. Usando hermenêutica civilconstitucional
é possível permitir uma maior autonomia privada no que diz
respeito às questões auto-referentes, notadamente em um Estado que tem como
pilares fundamentais do ordenamento jurídico a pluralidade e a dignidade da
pessoa humana. Nesse contexto, sendo a identidade sexual um dos componentes
da identidade, permitir que o titular do direito possa, de forma responsável e
consciente se autodeterminar é plenamente possível, mesmo diante da ausência de
norma expressa a respeito, sendo inclusive um direito a saúde, considerada em seu
aspecto psíquico. A Constituição, ao instituir um catálogo de direitos
fundamentais tutela entre outros direitos, a liberdade e a privacidade, permitindo
que cada um possa decidir sobre sua vida nas questões que dizem respeito às
situações existenciais de maneira a atender suas aspirações e seus valores.The current work defends the possibility of altering the civil register of transsexuals, so that it presents the name and gender appropriate to their claimed gender, even in the cases that sex reassignment surgery was not performed. Through a concept of transsexuality as an identity experience rather than a pathology and understanding gender as a complex concept, involving factors of physical, psychological and social order, the possibility of sexual selfdetermination is viewed as a constitutional right. Using a civil-constitutional hermeneutics, it is possible to allow a greater privacy and autonomy in relation to self-referring matters, especially in a State that have as its main pillars of it’s legal system the plurality and dignity of human beings. In this context, being gender identity one of identity components, allowing the right bearer self-determination, in a responsible and conscious manner is fully possible, even with the lack of a formal law regarding it, being it in fact a health right, in relation to its psychic aspect. The constitution, by creating a catalog of fundamental rights, assures private autonomy, allowing each one to decide about its life in matters regarding existential situations in a manner that fulfills its aspirations and values.
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Roper, Ken. "National identity in a changing South Africa : a study of 'new' right discourse." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14090.
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Bibliography: 201-215.This study considers the process of constructing a new South African national identity in the political discourse of the 'new' right-wing during the transitional period between 1990 and 1994. It is concerned with how speakers for the "new" Nationalist Party who were implicated in the production of national identity within the framework of an apartheid ideology discursively construct and reconstruct national identity during this period of transition. The focus is on key political speeches and interviews given by party leader F. W. De Klerk. National identity is approached from a social psychological perspective and the study argues for a theory of identity as discursively produced within a specific historical context and relations of power. Texts are analysed using a discourse analytic approach. The analysis considers the interpretative resources and discursive practices deployed in the constructive process. Particular attention is given to the rhetorical construction of the discourse and the argumentative context within which versions of identity are produced. An interpretative link is made between the results of this analysis and the positioning of speakers within ideology and relations of power. The analysis shows how the 'new' social category produced in this right-wing discourse is rooted in earlier representations of identity and is constructed to maintain earlier divisions and relations. Old and entrenched constructions of national identity, based in ethnicity, remain present in attempts to redefine an inclusive South African identity. A function of this construction is to speak to the right-wing as part of a strategy to manage negotiations.
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Asimaki, Angeliki. "Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, a disease of the desmosome : genetic and functional studies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1443947/.
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Mutation analysis of the recognized ARVC genes and of further candidate genes was performed on a large cohort of ARVC patients. Several novel mutations were identified and three further desmosomal genes were linked to the disease: plakophilin2, desmocollin2 and desmoglein2. Heart and skin samples from ARVC patients were subjected to microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry to study the effect of the newly-identified mutations on the structure of cell adhesion complexes.;The functional effects of a particular novel mutation were thoroughly examined in vitro. S39_K40insS is the first dominant ARVC-causing plakoglobin mutation to be reported. Yeast-two hybrid analysis was used to investigate the effect of S39_K40insS on the proteins interactions established by plakoglobin. A HEK293 cell line stably expressing the mutant protein was generated and used to study the effects of S39_K40insS on desmosomal structure, cell proliferation, cell death, subcellular localization and expression levels of proteins involved in adhesion and signalling and cellular responses to defined mechanical load. A recombinant adenovirus expressing the mutant protein was generated and used to transfect neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, whose behaviour and responses were subsequently analysed. The functional consequences of S39_K40insS were compared with those of PK215del2, a previously reported recessive plakoglobin mutation known to underlie Naxos disease, a syndromic form of ARVC.;These results point towards novel mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, that apart from weakened cell-cell adhesion involve altered protein turnover kinetics and defects in signalling pathways. Similar studies should improve our understanding of ARVC and provide a more accurate diagnostic algorithm.
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Moreton, Romaine. "The right to dream." Click here for electronic access: http://arrow.uws.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/uws:2495, 2006. http://arrow.uws.edu.au:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/uws:2495.
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Olsen, Jonathan. "Nature and nationalism : right-wing ecology and the politics of identity in contemporary Germany /." New York, NY : St. Martin's Press, 1999. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/hol053/99017474.html.
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Muralidhar, Madhuri, and Mariia Sirenko. "Doing IT Right: Employees’ Perspective on CSR." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23993.
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Although there have been many previous studies done on the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in organizations, there has been relatively less research on the impact of CSR on the organization’s employees. Studies conducted in this topic have looked at various industries such as banking, manufacturing and others but very minimal studies on the Information Technology(IT) industry Considering the research gaps, this thesis examines the employee’ perceptions and attitudes towards CSR and its impact on organizational commitment in the IT industry in the context of Sweden. In order to study this further, it was hypothesized that CSR has a positive impact on organizational commitment (OC) of employees in the IT companies of Sweden. In order to empirically test this, the questionnaire method was employed, and 164 completed surveys were conducted. The findings of this study support hypothesis that CSR has a positive correlation with employee commitment towards their companies. These conclusions indicate that IT firms require to strengthen and integrate CSR to attract and retain motivated, engaged labour force.
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Lewis, Kimberly. "The Impact of Supervision Training on Genetic Counselor's Supervisory Identity Development." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337950563.
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Glodzik, Dominik. "Recent identity by descent in human genetic data : methods and applications." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10036.
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The thesis describes algorithms for detecting regions of recent identity by descent (IBD) from human genetic data and its applications in optimising resequencing studies, genomic predictions and detecting Mendelian subtypes of diseases. Firstly, we describe the algorithm ANCHAP, which scans pairs of multi-point SNP genotypes for sharing IBD of long haplotypes. A comparison with other methods shows that ANCHAP outperforms them in terms of speed or accuracy. We demonstrate the algorithm on data from population isolates - from Orcades, Croatian islands, and from a population of unrelated individuals. We compare the abundance of IBD segments between cohorts, and identify genetic regions where IBD is most common. Secondly, we verify the IBD regions detected from array data against exome sequence data. We estimate that where sharing IBD between a pair of individuals is inferred, this is confirmed by exome data in 98% of cases. Correctness of IBD detection varies with settings of ANCHAP, length of IBD segments, and position with respect to segment endpoints. We find that with sample sizes of 1000 individuals from an isolated population genotyped using a dense SNP array, and with 20% of these individuals sequenced, 65% of sequences of the un-sequenced subjects can be partially inferred. Implementation of such resequencing strategies requires an IBD-based imputation algorithm, which is outlined. Thirdly, we use recent IBD to detect carriers of Mendelian subtypes of colon cancer. We show this with the example of Lynch syndrome, which accounts for about 3% of colon cancer patients. We detect IBD sharing between known and unknown carriers around DNA mismatch-repair genes. Using the IBD relationship, we build and evaluate a model that predicts presence of Lynch Syndrome mutations. Finally, we discuss whether regions of identity by descent can be used for genomic predictions. We conclude that the utility of the inferred IBD regions depends on accuracy of detection, time to most recent common ancestors and mutation rates since.
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CAMPOS, LIGIA FABRIS. "THE RIGHT TO BE ONESELF: THE PROTECTION FOR INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY IN THE BRAZILIAN JUDICIAL ORDER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11175@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O Código Civil de 2002 inovou em relação ao antecessor, incluindo em seu corpo um capítulo dedicado aos direitos da personalidade. Ocorre, porém, que a forma tipificada de tais artigos se apresenta como insuficiente para tutelar a personalidade, não só porque os dispositivos reproduzem a técnica utilizada para a normatização dos direitos patrimoniais, mas principalmente por desconsiderar a abrangência do instituto ante a crescente e inelutável necessidade de tutela da pessoa humana. Em tais condições, entende-se que o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana tem uma função protetiva irradiadora, servindo então ao escopo constitucional de uma tutela integral, o que implica sua consideração de uma forma mais efetiva no que tange à personalidade. É nessa seara que se considera a reformulação italiana do direito da personalidade em termos de um direito à identidade pessoal, significando uma fórmula sintética para distinguir o sujeito do ponto de vista global, na multiplicidade de suas características específicas e manifestações. O desrespeito à identidade pessoal se perpetra com a atribuição - mediante qualquer forma de deturpação - de atos, pensamentos ou afirmações que a contrariem, manifestando, assim, o interesse da pessoa em ver reconhecido o próprio patrimônio ideológico-cultural, constituído pelos seus pensamentos, opiniões, crenças, comportamentos que projetam no mundo da intersubjetividade. É em torno desse direito, ainda pouco explorado e conhecido no Brasil, mas de suma importância, que versa o presente trabalho, abordando sua origem, características, objeto e limites, e a garantia de sua tutela no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.
The Civil Code in 2002 has innovated in relation to its antecessor, inserting in its body a chapter dedicated to the right to be oneself. The point is that the typified form of such Articles is insufficient to protect one`s personality not only because they reflect a technique used for the normatization of equity rights but mainly because it fails to consider the range of the institute as to the increasing and unceasing need to protect the human individual. On such conditions it is known that the principle of dignity has a protective irradiating function, in the service of a constitutional scope of integral guardianship, which implies (implicates) its consideration of individual`s personality in a more effective manner. It is in this area of study, the Italian reformulation as to individual`s right to personality is considered. It is approached in terms of a right to personal identity, or otherwise, the right to be oneself, which means the set of attributes and characteristics which allow for individualization of a person in society. The disrespect to personal identity perpetrates with the attribution - in face of many different forms of distortion - of acts, thoughts, statements which oppose to it, thus expressing the person`s interest in verifying that their own cultural- ideological asset - constituted by their thoughts, beliefs, opinions, behaviour, which they project in the intersubjective world - is acknowledged. It is about this law, not yet sufficiently taken into consideration in Brazil, although of utmost importance, that this present study is dedicated to, with the focus on its origins, characteristics, object and limits, as well as the defense of its protection in the Brazilian judicial order.
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Waldick, Ruth. "Assessing the status of the endangered North Atlantic right whale using genetic and demographic data." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ66244.pdf.
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Rispel, Shane-Leane. "The scope and content of the child's right to identidy in the context of surrogacy." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5703.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe development of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has radically changed the landscape of the conventional family. It has permitted a platform for the creation of families and family structures with tremendous diversity in their demographic characteristics. It has also changed the way in which individuals become parents. The advances in medical and scientific fertility treatments have meant that for many the dream of having a child of their own has now become a real possibility. Public perception and attitudes towards infertility treatments and more latterly surrogacy has changed tremendously and becoming increasingly acceptable. While there are those who have celebrated the advancement in reproductive technologies and potential freedoms that this may contain, ART has opened the proverbial Pandora's Box amongst scholars and the public policy makers, principally in the area of rights.
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Ebrahim, Hatim Yusufali. "Genetic and functional studies of mutations affecting cell adhesion proteins in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1443950/.
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ARVC is a cardiac disease associated with ventricular cardiomyocyte fibro-fatty replacement and sudden death. It presents with incomplete penetrance and variable clinical expression. Desmoplakin (DP) and plakoglobin (PG) gene mutations were previously identified. This study aimed: to identify desmosomal (DS) gene mutations in an ARVC cohort by DNA sequencing study the gene transmission and disease expression in affected families and determine functional implications of three identified mutations (A733fsX740PKP-2, S140FPKP-2 and Q273fsX288DP) using wild-type and mutant cDNA plasmid cloning and cell line protein expressions. Eight PKP-2 mutations were identified of which four were novel: frame-shifts disrupting Armadillo domains (ARM) 4, 5 and 8, and a non-sense disrupting ARM 2. One missense and two frame-shift novel DP mutations occurred. Pedigree analysis showed incomplete gene penetrance and variable ARVC expression. Stable cells over-expressing A733fsX740PKP-2 showed increased cellular adhesion and apoptosis following mechanical stretch recovery, and absence of cell junction Connexin-43 (Cx43) protein without significant change in cell-input resistance. Desmosomal lengths were statistically unaltered, but intermittent pale DS coupling occurred. Truncated PKP-2 showed reduced PG interaction. Stable cells over-expressing S140FPKP-2 showed no differences in cell proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis following mechanical stretch recovery, and in cell junction Cx43 protein localization. DS lengths, however, were significantly increased, and missense PKP-2 showed reduced p-catenin interaction. Stable cells over-expressing Q273fsX288 DP showed reduced DS widths, vimentin filament retraction, and lower monolayer adhesion. PG and PKP-2 interacted normally with truncated DP. Altered DS morphologies featured prominently in all three mutant protein expressions. Reduced inter-protein interactions of truncated and missense PKP-2 proteins with PG and p-catenin respectively suggests PG and p-catenin signalling may be affected. Q273fsX288DP expression lacking DP distal domains correlated with loss of DS filament association. These data suggests that expression of mutant desmosomal proteins leads to abnormal DS formation, thus providing the substrate for arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy.
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Dalebout, Merel Louise. "Species identity, genetic diversity, and molecular systematic relationships among the Ziphiidae (beaked whales)." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3083930.
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Beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) are one of the least known of all mammalian groups. The majority of species have been described from only a handful of specimens. Found in deep ocean waters, these species are widespread and often sexually dimorphic. Little is known of intra-specific variation in morphology, and many species are very similar in external appearance. A reference database of mitochondrial DNA sequences was compiled for all 20 recognised ziphiid species to aid in species identification. All reference sequences were derived from validated specimens, which were often represented only by bone or teeth. DNA was obtained from this ‘historic’ material using ‘ancient’ DNA methods. For three species, holotypes were sampled. Phylogenetic analyses using this database led to the discovery of a new, previously unrecognised species of beaked whale (Mesoplodon perrini), new specimens of Longman's beaked whale (Indopacetus pacificus), a species known previously from only two partial skulls and the synonymy of a third (M. traversii = M. bahamondi). Phylogenetic reconstructions based on sequence data from three mitochondrial and two nuclear loci (total, 2815 bp) using neighbour joining, parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods, resolved many of the sister-species relationships in this group. Inferred relationships among Mesoplodon beaked whales indicated that cranial and tooth morphology may be far more variable between closely related species than previously assumed. No support was found for a linear-progression of tooth form as suggested by Moore (1968) in his phenetic evaluation of relationships among the Ziphiidae. The geographic distribution of Mesoplodon species with similar or divergent tooth morphology is likely due to a combination of sexual selection and selection for species recognition. Both hypotheses predict similar patterns, such as dissimilar tooth morphology among species with sympatric or parapatric distributions. However, only sexual selection appears to offer an explanation for why there are so many Mesoplodon beaked whales. Investigation of mtDNA diversity among a number of beaked whale species indicated that nucleotide diversity was generally lower in this group than in other wide-ranging oceanic cetaceans. The cause of this low diversity was not clear but may be indicative of overall low abundance. Particularly low levels of diversity were found in Baird's beaked whale Berardius bairdii , Arnoux's beaked whale B. arnuxii and the northern bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus. Strong geographic structure in haplotype frequencies was observed among a worldwide sample of Cuvier's beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Wiseman, Nicky. "Genetic identity and ecology of Bryde's whales in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2612.
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Little long-term research has been conducted in the Hauraki Gulf on Bryde’s whales; the least studied baleen whale. This thesis investigates this population using photoidentification and sighting records obtained from boat-based opportunistic surveys and genetic analyses of samples from living and `stranded’ whales. Samples from `stranded’ Bryde’s whales have been collected since 1994 from the North Island of New Zealand. In addition, biopsy samples were collected from whales in the Hauraki Gulf. Fifty-two samples from `stranded’ and biopsied Bryde’s whales identified 49 unique individuals using 12 polymorphic microsatellites. The sex ratio for both sample collection types were equal with 22 males : 23 females (the sex of four could not be determined). MtDNA D-loop analysis (~800 bp) identified the samples as being consistent with Balaenoptera brydei with 11 haplotypes defined by 16 variable sites. Comparisons with published sequences (373 bp) revealed three shared haplotypes between the North Pacific and Indian Oceans. However, an AMOVA (FST and ΦST) showed high levels of differentiation between these oceans, likely resulting from ancestral gene flow. Between March 2001 and February 2006, 1,102 boat-based surveys were conducted during which there were 1,059 sightings over 521 days of Bryde’s whales (including two birth-length calves) in the Gulf. Since whales with calves, were observed during all months this suggests that the Hauraki Gulf is an important area for breeding whales. The seasonal change in `trip encounter rate’ indicated that some whales leave the Gulf for part of the year. Whales in the Gulf were observed in shallower (12.1 to 59.8 m) and cooler (12 to 24.5oC) water than has generally been reported elsewhere. Balaenoptera brydei corresponds to the form described in the offshore waters of the western North Pacific. In contrast, their habitat use in the Hauraki Gulf was more consistent with the `inshore’ form from the coasts off South Africa.Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Xifara, Dionysia-Kiara. "The detection, structure and uses of extended haplotype identity in population genetic data." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9fabc91a-dd07-4deb-b722-f6b9110b34fb.
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In large-scale population genomic data sets, individual chromosomes are likely to share extended regions of haplotype identity with others in the sample. Patterns of local haplotype sharing can be highly informative about many processes including historical demography, selection and recombination. However, in outbred diploid populations, the identification of extended shared haplotypes is not straightforward, particularly in the presence of low levels of genotyping error. Here, we introduce a model-based method for accurately detecting extended haplotype sharing between sets of individuals from unphased data. We describe two implementations of the algorithm that can be applied to data sets consisting of thousands of samples. The method leads naturally to an approach for statistical haplotype estimation, which is shown to be comparable in accuracy to current methods. By applying the method to genome-wide SNP data from over 5,000 samples from the UK we show that the N50 maximal haplotype sharing between unrelated samples is typically 2cM, consistent with a population history of rapid exponential growth that started approx. 125 generations ago. In contrast, within two Greek population isolates of approx. 700 individuals the N50 for maximal haplotype sharing is 12.5cM, while for an unrelated Greek sample of the same size the N50 is 1.3cM. By assessing the size and geographical distribution of maximal haplotype sharing within and between all Greek cohorts, we make inference on the extent of isolatedness of each cohort and on recent migration. We additionally date recent coancestry to about 10 generations for the isolates and 90 generations for the unrelated sample, and finnally attempt to date the time of divergence between them.
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Jiang, Tao. "Identity of Yi in Chinese education system : study on the right to education of Yi in Zhaojue /." Oslo : Norwegian Centre for Human Rights, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/jus/2008/77454/jiang_tao_thesis.pdf.
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Hjerm, Mikael. "My people right or wrong? : a comparative analysis of national sentiments and their meaning." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-84718.
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In a world of presumed nation-states, nation has been, and still is, an intrinsic part of political legitimization and identity formation. Thus, it is clear that the understanding of nationality and people's relationship too it is of great importance for our understanding of how a stable society, partly built on nationality, can prevail in a world of migration consisting of individuals with diverging moral, religious and cultural conceptions. This thesis examines national sentiments in a cross-country comparative perspective. It consists of an introductory chapter and five articles. The first objective is to study the relationship between policy regimes and supposedly related national sentiments. The question is whether there are differences in national sentiments that can be derived from differences in policy regimes or whether there are more universal features to be found. In examining this we have the possibility to further understand what factors that help to create and sustain national sentiments. The second objective is to study the relation between different national sentiments and other complex attitudes such as xenophobia and protectionism. This includes the study of national identities as well as of nationalism. The following conclusions are drawn. First, it appears that we need to reconsider the almost taken for granted assumption of a correspondence between regime types prevalent in a certain society and people's sentiments towards such a society. Second, there exist substantial crosscountry similarities in the effect that different national sentiments have. It is shown that people who have more civic forms of national sentiments are clearly less inclined to hold derogatory preconceptions about people perceived as not belonging to the group, compared the ideas held by those who have more ethnic national sentiments. Moreover, the findings also supply empirical evidence supporting the notion that a clear-cut positive nationalism can never exist. All in all, it is shown that multicultural ideas are something worth striving for on an individual level. Moreover, the results seem to indicate that a liberal form of multiculturalism is preferable to a more communitarian version, which is explored and supported in the normative exposé of the two forms of multiculturalism.digitalisering@umu
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Lemmens, Trudo. "Genetic information and insurance : a contextual analysis of legal and regulatory means of promoting just distributions." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84213.
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This thesis analyzes the rationale, appropriateness and value of the available legal and regulatory means to deal with genetic discrimination in the context of insurance. Insurance is used as a paradigm case for discussing the legal means to address the concerns related to the impact of new medical technologies. A new framework is proposed for evaluating the potential impact of such new technologies on people's ability to participate fully in social life and to have access to important social goods without unfair discrimination based on certain inherited traits.A "thick" contextual method is used, which involves a detailed description of the medical, social, and legal context of the debate. The approach is based on Michael Walzer's theory of justice, which posits that in assessing the fairness of the distribution of a particular good, one must take into account the nature of the good as determined by the specific socio-historical context in which it obtains its shared meaning. Walzer's theory is used in the thesis to critically analyze the regulatory and legislative means introduced in several countries to curb genetic discrimination. It is further argued that Walzer's contextual analysis resembles the approach taken by the Canadian Supreme Court in the context of anti-discrimination law. Canadian human rights law is analyzed in detail to describe how genetic discrimination could be dealt with under the current provisions and how human rights law can be used to create conditions of substantive equality. The thesis concludes with an analysis of various legal and regulatory options to deal with genetic discrimination and its impact on human rights in the Canadian context. The establishment of a regulatory body is proposed, with the mandate to review the appropriateness of the use of new tests in the context of insurance. I argue that this review process, and the contextual analysis that should be involved in this process, would constitute a useful step towards creating conditions for substantive equality, not only for those who are genetically disabled, but for all those who are affected by real or perceived disabling conditions and stigmatizing traits.
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Cherry-McDaniel, Monique Gabrielle. "Call Me By My Right Name: The Politics of African American Women and Girls Negotiating Citizenship and Identity." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1344022629.
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Garpvall, Jessica. ""I’m tired of being sh-t on for being white” : Collective identity construction in the Alt-Right movement." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6830.
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This thesis examines collective identity construction within the extreme right movement Alt-Right that gained public recognition during the 2016 US presidential campaign. Despite it being an increasingly stigmatized practice to openly articulate racist ideas in contemporary society, the Alt-Right movement managed to gain a following by doing just that. As collective identity funds collective action, a discourse analysis in line with Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s strand of discourse theory was conducted to understand what encourages and facilitates participation in the movement’s activities. The material consisted of articles connected to three different factions of the Alt-Right published online and the subsequent comments generated by these. The findings indicate that the collective identity constructed in the Alt-Right is white, masculine and heterosexual. This identity is constructed and reified through contrasting themselves against racialized and gendered Others. It is also reinforced by signs of intelligence, enlightenment, bravery and a sense of rebelliousness and fun linked to the collective identity. The Others are primarily constructed as the Jewish community, non-white groups, women and the LGBTQ community. The use of new information and communications technology facilitated the construction, in allowing participants to create virtual communities online where the collective identity was constructed and reified.
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Hatfield, Kevin Dean. ""We were not tramp sheepmen" : resistance and identity in the Oregon Basque community, accustomed range rights, and the Taylor Grazing Act, 1890-1955 /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095251.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 459-492). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Lehfeldt, Fabia Federica. "The Other Side of the Medal : A Case Study of Right-Wing Populist Party Identity in German Newspaper Discourse." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-165818.
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Nowadays, liberal democratic societies comprise the breeding ground for thriving right-wing populist parties. They share the “fundamental core of ethno-nationalist xenophobia, (…) and anti-political establishment populism” (Rydgren, 2004 p.475). Coeval research has acknowledged the threat that is entailed in the bespoken phenomenon; yet, its account is incomplete. This study follows Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, in objecting to the individualist and rationalist tenets that inform previous research, to accentuate a neglected lens on the thrive of right-wing populism in Western liberal democracies. Their discourse theoretical frame was herein used as both theory and method, in a discourse analysis of the Alternative für Deutschland’s (AfD) identity in German online newspaper discourse. The empirical material comprised 97 articles from Germany’s most popular national daily newspapers, which reported on the AfD in parliament, an AfD demonstration in Berlin, and the AfD’s youth organisation’s congress throughout April, May and June 2018. Ultimately, the study arrived at the conclusion that the sampled newspaper discourse identified ‘us’, the ‘benevolent democrats’ via the exclusion, and rejection of ‘them’, the ‘wicked right-wing populists’. Since such relation was markedly antagonistic proper, newspaper discourse may be considered to have contributed to the recent thrive of right-wing populism in Germany.
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Lengua, Parra Adrián. "From “cure” to recognition: the right of transgender people to exercise identity and gender expresion through public health services." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123862.
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For many years trans people have been treated as suffering from some pathology, proposing various curative treatments as a solution to their alleged health problem. However, recent studies show that gender identity of people is a very personal and diverse characteristic so must be protected. In this article, the author explains how an understanding of gender identity that is respectful of human rights involves rethinking the State’s view of transgender people. This change of perspective requires discarding the pathological vision and opting for a system that will equip them with the necessary tools to develop their identity and avoid discrimination.Durante muchos años se ha tratado a las personas trans como si sufriesen de alguna patología, proponiéndose diversos tratamientos curativos como solución a su supuesto problema de salud. Sin embargo, recientes estudios muestran que la identidad de género de las personas es una característica personalísima y diversa por lo cual debe ser protegida.En el presente artículo, el autor explica como una compresión de la identidad de género que sea respetuosa de los derechos humanos implica replantear la visión del Estado sobre las personas trans. Dicho cambio de perspectiva requiere descartar la visión patológica y optar por un sistema que otorgue las herramientas necesarias para expresar su identidad y evitar situaciones de discriminación.
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Menzel, Julia [Verfasser]. "Population and molecular genetic analyses of persistent right aortic arch and primary cataracts in the German Pinscher / Julia Menzel." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004176619/34.
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Van, Wyk Johannes Stephanus. "Buying into Kleinfontein : the Financial Implications of Afrikaner Self-Determination." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46119.
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In the years approaching President F.W. De Klerk’s announcement in 1990 that South Africa’s policies would be reformed a number of the right wing groups realised that apartheid would come to an end. This dissertation deals with one response, by the Boere-Vryheidsbeweging (Boer Freedom Movement). By setting up a settlement styled as a ‘growth point for Afrikaner self-determination’ in Pretoria’s eastern hinterland, in 1992, the movement hoped to avert what its numbers saw as eventual black majority rule. The aim of this study is to probe what has become of this settlement roughly 20 years after the transition to full democracy in 1994. The following questions were used as a guideline to this end: (i) On what legal basis has the settlement’s property been occupied?; (ii) Who are the people who moved to the settlement over time?; (iii) How have they generated the capital with which to develop the settlement?; (iv) What is the character of their relationship with each other?; and (v) How have they dealt with external authorities such as the state, province and local municipality?
The findings of this study show that the settlement of Kleinfontein has been kept as a set of undivided properties and that none of the residents have individual title. They occupy the settlement by internal agreement alone, and there is no acknowledgement by either the state or private institutions of the internal divisions that have been made. Over time, the founders of the settlement managed to attract two categories of people to live there. The first comprised relatively old lower middle-class people who moved in because of the settlement’s affordability and peacefulness. The second consisted of working age middle-class people with professional jobs who moved in for reasons to do with the ideology of Afrikaner self-determination. As the movement of the second category of people into the settlement accelerated, internal disagreements developed between them and the first category of people, and the settlement as a whole eventually became so paralysed by the conflict that few people have chosen to move there since. The disagreements mainly revolved around the fact that the professionals wanted to transform the settlement so that it meets the middle-class standards found in major South African cities. The lack of consensus eventually resulted in several conflicts with the state, placing a question mark over the settlement’s continued existence in post-apartheid South Africa.Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Anthropology and Archaeology
MSocSci
Unrestricted
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Neilsen, Emily Hall. "Manifestation of a Lack: Capitalism, Democracy, & the Christian Identity Movement." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1182539482.
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Matthyse, Glenton Carlo. "The right to remain married : positioning homosexual-transsexual marriages under the South African Marriage Act 25 of 1961." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5352.
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Magister Legum - LLMFor many, the human rights which South Africa has been able to secure for LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex) people has been very progressive. However, with the conflation of sexual orientation and gender identity, the assumption of access to human rights for all within the LGBTI and society at large, has led to transsexual people not being able to claim their rights and assert their existence as human beings effectively within our constitutional democracy. Currently, there is a vacuum in South Africa's law of marriage based on its inability to accommodate spouses who married as a 'heterosexual' couple but where the one spouse subsequently undergoes gender affirmation, conforming the relationship to what is perceived as 'homosexual'. On account of this, the Department of Home Affairs are subjecting these couples to compulsory or forced divorces by refusing to have the transsexual spouse recognised within his or her affirmed gender on the marriage certificate. This means that the transsexual spouse either remains married under the Marriage Act and is subject to being recognised as his or her birth-sex, or submits to a compulsory or forced divorce in order to be recognised as his or her affirmed sex on a marriage certificate issued under the Civil Union Act upon them 'remarrying'. This thesis addresses the inequalities and inequities brought about by the Marriage Act. It investigates the history of marriages within South Africa that were prohibited based on characteristics such as race which people have no control over. It looks at how the State, through its departments, has imposed itself on the social relationships people formed subject to its legal terms and conditions. This thesis questions whether the State through its action is acting in a way that is administratively just. It argues that the successfulness of a divorce decree is dependent on at least one party voluntary applying for it. This presupposes the idea that whenever couples who are validly married are forced or compelled to divorce one another that this, in fact, cannot be seen as one of the valid ways in which to obtain a divorce decree legally. Before venturing into the legal aspect concerning this research topic, a theoretical framework will be advanced to position these couples in a greater social context. Subsequently, in order to establish the legal position of these couples, this thesis will draw on the current South African human rights discourse that has been developed by and for the LGBTI community, especially as it relates to the law of marriage. It will also establish the international and foreign human rights discourses that assert or, at least, seek to assert LGBTI human rights broadly. Ultimately, a constitutional analysis will be conducted to establish the position of these couples under the Marriage Act.
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Garcia, Rafael Antonio, and Rafael Antonio Garcia. "I'd Give My Right Kidney to Be Altruistic: The Social Biogeography of Altruism in the United States of America." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625884.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to model biosocial determinants of group-directed altruistic behavior – exploring the nomological net around it. To do this a study will be presented to determine existing associations among various biological and social predictors and test a life-history-derived causal cascade using a partially exploratory and partially confirmatory statistical technique called Sequential Canonical Analysis to ultimately predict living-donor, non-directed kidney donations (NDKD). Toward that end, some important methodological considerations first need to be discussed. The first consideration revolves around the level of analysis and how this frames the cascade model and its interpretation. Following a general discussion, an exercise in some of the general principles is provided – investigating the higher-order factor structure of the Big-5 personality constructs across two levels of analysis. The second consideration is the use of unit-weighted factor scores and their appropriateness. Following the theoretical discussion, a demonstration is provided – deriving an estimate of genetic relatedness from a set of heterogeneous data sets. Once the methodological considerations have been discussed, the primary cascade model is presented in two parts: 1) the measurement model – operationalizing the measures incorporated into 2) the structural model – testing the proposed causal cascade using Sequential Canonical Analysis. A discussion follows in which the results are summarized, limitations are articulated, and further research directions are explored.
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Ho, Sai-Keung. "Hemisphere differences in lexical decision and in semantic priming effect: an attempt to expand ourunderstanding of the right hemisphere ability in processing theChinese language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29782715.
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Rodrigues, Rowena Edwardina. "Revisiting the legal regulation of digital identity in the light of global implementation and local difference." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8942.
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This thesis aims to address a vital gap that has emerged in the digital identity regulatory discourse: how can the legal regulation of digital identity mirror the global nature of digital identity and be compatible with national local difference? Digital identity, or the digital representation of an individual, is a complex concept, which manifests in myriad forms (e.g. authenticators, claims, data or information, identifiers, presence, relationship representations and reputation) and natures. As such, it engages a gamut of legal domains ranging from criminal law, constitutional law, human rights law, law of identity schemes, contract law, intellectual property law, tort law and data protection law. Digital identity is global and local in its nature, influence and effects. Yet, the digital identity regulatory discourse has primarily developed in and focussed on the digitally advanced West, leaving out countries like India which are developing strong digital presences, with their own digital identity perceptions and needs. This situation is adverse to the sustained future of digital identity. Thus, the contribution of this thesis lies in filling this gap and preparing the ground for a dialogue between different countries with different national agendas through building international and local awareness of how similarities and differences operate in respect of digital identity, its regulation and providing a modest solution to help preserve the global and local dimensions of digital identity and its regulation. To this end, the thesis carried out comparative legal research on the legal regulation of digital identity using the UK and India as base jurisdictions. The original hypothesis was that that immense differences in the legal regulation of digital identity between the comparator countries would emerge. Yet, though differences were evident, considerable degrees of similarity also emerged, not just on the superficial level of mere identity of rules, but also in legal practice, in large part attributable to India’s penchant for legal transplants. While the transplantation of Western law did not result in a full-scale rejection of the transplanted laws in relation to digital identity in India, there are indications of anomalies caused by the imposition of Western cultural norms through law on an Indian society ill prepared for it. Thus there has resulted a tension between the local and the global, the indigenous and the externally imposed. The challenge is thus to resolve this, taking into account, on the one hand the need to maintain the global nature and relevance of digital identity and the other, the need to accommodate and be responsive to local differences. The thesis proposes a tentative solution called the tri-elemental framework (TeF) which draws from the Indian philosophical and legal concept of dharma (and its elements of Sad Achara, Vyavahara and Prayaschitta) and learns from the most universally relevant digital identity proposal, De Hert’s right to identity. The solution provides one way in which the law regulating digital identity, whatever its nature, can be made sense of and acquire cultural meaning appropriate to local contexts.
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Danielson, John Taylor. "Migration, Nationalism, and the Welfare State." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613316.
Full textAbstract:
Immigration and its impact on aggregate welfare state preferences and welfare state reform has been the subject of numerous academic and political debates. Despite prolonged attention to these issues, however, empirical research has yielded mixed results concerning what effect, if any, immigration has the structure and generosity of the welfare state. This issue is further exacerbated by the absence of concerted conceptual cross-germination between the various theoretical literatures that examine immigration's effect on various social, economic, and political outcomes, making it difficult to identify the mechanisms through which immigration may shape the welfare state. To address these issues, I draw on social psychological research, theories of the welfare state, research on radical right-wing parties, and case studies from the United States to argue that changes in both the volume and characteristics of immigrants entering Western Europe might: 1) undermine the cross-class alliances necessary for maintaining the welfare state, 2) reduce public support for welfare programs, and 3) provide politicians on the far-right with a symbolic resource that can be used to justify cutting/restructuring welfare state programs believed to benefit immigrants. Empirical examinations of these arguments using a wide range of data sources indicate that immigration may be directly and indirectly related to welfare state spending. With regard to the former, the data indicate that the influx of migrants from less-developed countries into social and Christian democratic countries has contributed to rising program demand and corresponding increases in expenditures on more reactive welfare state programs (i.e., unemployment benefits). With regard to the indirect impact of immigration on the welfare state, analyses of voting and public opinion data demonstrate that changes in immigration have contributed to the electoral success of predominantly neoliberal, far-right, nationalist parties and contributed to rising levels of anti-immigrant sentiment over time. These factors, in turn, resulted in: 1) declines in popular support for those social and Christian democratic parties that are dedicated to the maintenance and/or expansion of the welfare state, and 2) reductions in average levels of support for welfare state programs designed to address issues of unemployment, making the welfare state more vulnerable to future retrenchment.
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Moser, Tim. "The Pulpit and the People: Mobilizing Evangelical Identity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3348.
Full textAbstract:
Using ten sermons from five prominent and politically active evangelical megachurch pastors taken from the 2016 presidential campaign season, this case study utilizes frame analysis to understand the political relevance of modern evangelical sermonizing. An inductive frame analysis allows the concept of a collective action frame to be observed as a process and for patterns to emerge from the source text. Within these sermons, ministers offer self-identifying evangelicals a vocabulary with which to understand and describe their own identity. In this context, the Bible is a powerful cultural symbol that represents an allegiance to traditions that are framed as the bedrock of American exceptionalism. The boundaries that are drawn and vociferously maintained in this sample emphasize exclusion over inclusion, especially in terms of salvation and righteousness, which can emotionally motivate action. In an election year, this sample demonstrates how evangelical identity is mobilized as an electoral force.
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Sparks, James Lincoln Jr. "Genetic Variability, Pathogen Susceptibility, Subspecies Identity and Conservation of the Endangered Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) in Virginia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1390.
Full textAbstract:
I examined the population genetic structure of three known subspecies of Glaucomys sabrinus from Appalachia, Washington State, and two previously unexamined populations from Mount Rogers National Recreation Area (MRNRA) in Southwestern Virginia. Mean FST (0.107) and an AMOVA (P G. sabrinus subspecies populations in the southern Appalachians are genetically differentiated. Glaucomys sabrinus at MRNRA were less inbred than expected. Gene flow, a consensus tree based on Nei's genetic distance, elevated heterozygosity and morphometric data suggest that the MRNRA G. sabrinus population is an intergrade of the two recognized Appalachian subspecies, G. s. fuscus and G. s. coloratus. I compared inbreeding and the level of parasite infestation in the two MRNRA populations of G. sabrinus and found that Whitetop Mountain (150 ha habitat) was more inbred than the population on Mount Rogers (400 ha habitat, P Strongyloides robustus were greater in the more fragmented Whitetop Mountain population, although the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.278). A Mantel comparison of genetic diversity and parasite infestation among individuals did show a highly significant negative correlation (P G. sabrinus form a unique insular population with high genetic diversity that is nonetheless susceptible to increased inbreeding, and elevated parasitism caused by fragmentation. MRNRA G. sabrinus should retain endangered species status.
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Martin, Nicole. "Discrimination and ethnic group identity as explanations of British ethnic minority political behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22c28eef-4f30-4174-89f9-392b4ab7bc1d.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis looks at the role of discrimination and ethnic group identity as explanations of political behaviour of ethnic minorities in Britain. Chapter 2 examines vote choice and partisanship, arguing that a group utility heuristic explains the high level of support for the Labour party among ethnic minorities. I provide individual-level evidence of this heuristic by showing that ethnic minority voters support the Labour party to the extent that they are (i) conscious of the experiences of their ethnic group members with regards to discrimination, and (ii) believe that the Labour party is the best political party to represent their interests. These two attitudes mediate the effects of group-level inequalities. Chapter 3 asks whether Muslims are alienated from mainstream politics by Islamophobia and British military intervention in Muslim countries. I find that perceptions of Islamophobia are linked with greater political alienation, to a greater likelihood of non-electoral participation, but also to a lesser likelihood of voting. Likewise, disapproval of the war in Afghanistan is associated with greater political alienation and a greater likelihood of some types of non-electoral participation. I also provide strong evidence that Muslims in Britain experience more religious discrimination than adherents of other minority religions. Chapter 4 considers the interaction between the extreme right and ethnic minority political attitudes and behaviour. I find evidence that the extreme right British National Party (BNP) increases voting for the Labour party, at the expense of minor parties and abstention. Surprisingly, the BNP effect also benefits the other main parties. Although they do not benefit in increased vote share, Liberal Democrat and Conservative party and leader evaluations are more positive where the BNP stood and performed better in 2010, which I suggest is due to the electoral contrast provided by the BNP. Chapter 5 looks at the mobilisation effect of ethnic minority candidates on ethnic minority voters. I find a positive mobilisation effect of Pakistani and Muslim Labour candidates on Pakistani and Muslim voters, conditional on someone trying to convince the respondent how to vote. I also find a demobilisation effect of Labour Muslim candidates on Sikh voters.
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Efthymiadou, Panagiota, and Anelia Miteva. "Authoritarian, far-right responses to the Covid-19 pandemic: an analysis of QAnon’s crisis narratives." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43984.
Full textAbstract:
The coronavirus pandemic has changed the lives of individuals all over the world. The goal of this research is to investigate and understand the narratives and underlying messages of the QAnon movement concerning COVID-19. The theoretical basis for this analysis is that of uncertainty-identity theory and extremism to study the process by which people embrace these types of movements and their values. Also, to examine the spread of QAnons’ messages and conspiracy theories on digital media, network society theory is used. In order to carry out this research, we conducted qualitative content analysis on data gathered directly from QAnon sources. According to the results of the study, the movement proceeded to create crisis narratives that tap into social anxieties and political uncertainty. Accordingly, the pandemic was used for the movement to grow, gain new momentum and supporters, and even merge other conspiracy theories making the narratives more elaborate.