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Journal articles on the topic 'Right to self-defense'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sangero, Boaz. "Heller's Self-Defense." New Criminal Law Review 13, no. 3 (2010): 449–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2010.13.3.449.

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This article reflects on District of Columbia v. Heller and proposes a new footing and limit to the right to bear arms: a person's inalienable right to selfdefense. Self-defense is a natural right embedded in personhood and is antecedent to the social contract that sets up a state. This right consequently remains with the person following the establishment of the state and allows her to use proportional force necessary for resisting aggression. The right to bear arms derives from the constitutional right to self-defense, which merits protection under both the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments. T

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2

Fellmeth, Aaron. "Personal Self-Defense Under International Law: A Case Study of an Inferred Human Right." Human Rights Quarterly 47, no. 3 (2025): 338–93. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2025.a965924.

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ABSTRACT: Against conventional wisdom, this article argues that personal self-defense is a human right under international law on three separate grounds. After defining self-defense and its requirements, it shows how the right to selfdefense is a human right as an application of general principles of law, as a treaty right, and under customary international law. Specifically, it argues that, although a human right to self-defense may not be a general principle of law per se , it is a specific application of two general principles of law, equity and necessity. It then argues that, although self

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3

Sushkova, Yulia N. "Customary-Legal Dimension of Self-Defense (in Memory of N.I. Uzdimaeva)." Sociopolitical Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 86–89. https://doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2022-12-3-86-89.

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The article examines the biography and views on the Institute of self-defense of Natalia Ivanovna Tyurina (Uzdimaeva), associate professor of the N.P. Ogarev Mordovian State University, who died prematurely in 2021. From the point of view of N.I. Uzdimaeva legal self-defense is considered as an independent subjective right, the isolation of which in modern conditions is a real necessity, which should be it should be feasible, and its subjects should be given the opportunity to prevent violations of rights, restore them and compensate for all losses. The researcher considers such elements of th

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4

Reinicke, Bryan, Jeffrey Cummings, and Howard Kleinberg. "The Right to Digital Self-Defense." IEEE Security & Privacy 15, no. 4 (2017): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/msp.2017.3151324.

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5

Mack, Eric. "ELBOW ROOM FOR SELF-DEFENSE." Social Philosophy and Policy 32, no. 2 (2016): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052516000091.

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Abstract:This essay contrasts two approaches to permissible self-defensive killing. The first is the forfeiture approach; the second is the elbow room for self-defense approach. The forfeiture approach comes in many versions — not all of which make prominent use of the word “forfeiture.” However, all versions presume that the permissibility of X killing Y (when X must kill Y in order to prevent herself from being unjustly killed) depends entirely on there being some feature of Y in virtue of which Y has become liable to be killed, that is, in virtue of which Y has forfeited or lost or been str

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6

Matviienko, Yaryna, and Victoria Chornopyska. "Legal nature of self-defense in civil law." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 10, no. 38 (2023): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2023.38.170.

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The article examines topical issues of the legal nature of self-defense of civil rights: scientific approaches to defining the concept of self-defense, methods as elements of self-defense, as well as its forms. Scientific discussions on this issue are considered, and conclusions are drawn based on the results of research. It has been found that self-defense is the actions taken by an actual or legal entity in order to prevent or stop the violation of their subjective right or legitimate interest in civil law relations. Such actions should have defined limits of implementation and should not ex

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7

Rodin, David. "War and Self-Defense." Ethics & International Affairs 18, no. 1 (2004): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2004.tb00451.x.

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When the Bush and Blair administrations justified the 2003 war on Iraq as an act of preemptive self-defense, this was greeted in many quarters with understandable skepticism. How can the right of self-defense be legitimately invoked when no prior aggressive attack has occurred and there is no evidence that one is imminent? This question, much debated in the months leading up to the war, invites us to reflect critically on the content of the right of self-defense. Yet there is a deeper question to be asked about the idea of a war of self-defense; namely, how is it that war can be considered an

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8

Ren, Aochen. "The Implementation of a Nation's Right to Self-defense." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 101, no. 1 (2025): 165–72. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/2024.24804.

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The right to self-defense is a fundamental right enjoyed by the State, which is entitled to implement urgent military action against external armed attacks to ensure survival and state security. Since the right of self-defense is also recognized as exceptional to the prohibition of the use of force enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations(UN), and therefore, besides the authorization from the USA, a nations implementation of the right to self-defense may also be the basis for its armed attack. However, in the international system, whose core is the prohibition of the use of force, the ex

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9

Ingram, Peter Gordon. "Self-Defense as a Justification for War." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 7, no. 2 (1994): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900002708.

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For those who believe in the values of liberalism and democracy the state is under a political obligation to seek the common welfare of its citizens. In furtherance of this domestic duty, it retains among its external rights and powers that right of self-defense which has been assigned to states under other ideologies.

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10

Franck, Thomas M. "Terrorism and the Right of Self-Defense." American Journal of International Law 95, no. 4 (2001): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674629.

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11

Sato, Seizaburo. "Clarifying the right of collective self‐defense." Asia-Pacific Review 3, no. 2 (1996): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13439009608719932.

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12

Kaufman, Whitley. "Is there a “right” to self‐defense?" Criminal Justice Ethics 23, no. 1 (2004): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0731129x.2004.9992157.

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13

Sreedhar, Susanne. "Defending the Hobbesian Right of Self-Defense." Political Theory 36, no. 6 (2008): 781–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591708323366.

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14

Huemer, Michael. "Gun Rights as Deontic Constraints." Social Theory and Practice 45, no. 4 (2019): 601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract20201375.

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In earlier work, I argued that gun prohibition is unjustified because it violates an individual right to self-defense. Here, I defend that argument against objections posed by Nicholas Dixon and Jeff McMahan to the effect that the right of citizens to be free from gun violence counterbalances the right of self-defense, and that gun prohibition does not violate the right of self-defense because it renders everyone overall safer.

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15

SAMRAJ, TENNYSON. "THE RIGHT TO SELF-DEFENSE AND THE RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS: SELF-DEFENSE IS A HUMAN RIGHT; THE RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS IS A LEGAL OPTION/RIGHT." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Review 03, no. 04 (2020): 220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijssmr.2020.3414.

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16

Benbaji, Yitzhak. "Culpable Bystanders, Innocent Threats and the Ethics of Self-Defense." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 35, no. 4 (2005): 585–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2005.10716603.

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The moral right to act in self-defense seems to be unproblematic: you are allowed to kill an aggressor if doing so is necessary for saving your own life. Indeed, it seems that from the moral Standpoint, acting in self-defense is doing the right thing. Thanks, however, to works by George Fletcher and Judith Thomson, it is now well known how unstable the moral basis of the right to self-defense is. We are in the dark with regard to one of the most basic problems raised by this right, namely: the problem of the innocent aggressor. The disturbing question is simple enough: Is a potential victim al

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17

Rodin, David. "Beyond National Defense." Ethics & International Affairs 18, no. 1 (2004): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2004.tb00456.x.

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In War and Self-Defense I attempt to generate a dilemma for the just war theory by arguing that the right of national defense cannot be reduced to personal rights of self-defense, nor can it be explained through an analogy with them. Jeff McMahan, David Mapel, and Fernando Tesón doubt this conclusion. In response I argue, first, that their objections are not as opposed to my basic project as they may at first appear. This is because they are premised on a conception of national defense that differs substantially from mainstream just war theory and international law. Second, I argue that McMaha

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18

Ryan, Cheyney C. "Self-Defense and the Obligations to Kill and to Die." Ethics & International Affairs 18, no. 1 (2004): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2004.tb00452.x.

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David Rodin's book, War and Self Defense, is a subtle and provocative analysis of the claim of self-defense and its relation to modern war. Building on his analysis, I raise some further issues about self-defense as a justification of modern nation state war. Principal among these is what I call the conscription paradox: if the state's right to make war is grounded in the right of its citizens to self-defense, how do we explain the right of modern states to conscript its citizens into the military – and order them to die, if need be? This problem has been acknowledged by liberal individual thi

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19

Owaydhah, Khalid, and Mohamad Ismail bin Mohamad Yunus. "The Right of Private Defense against Non-Accountable Offenders and in Defense of the Chastity of Women under Islamic Law." IIUM Law Journal 25, no. 2 (2017): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v25i2.317.

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The right of self-defense under Islamic law (Shariah) distinguishes between two concepts: private and public defense. In this article, legal and practical manifestations of the contemporary legal issue of private defense in the case of physical assaults made by non-accountable (mukallaf) offenders, such as minors and insane persons are focused. Aside from that, this article also analyses the use of private defense to protect the chastity of a woman. The four conditions to exercise the right of private defense are highlighted. In order to explore the effects of private defense, the significance

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20

Dixon, Nicholas. "Handguns, Philosophers, and the Right to Self-Defense." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 25, no. 2 (2011): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap201125215.

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21

Mernyk, A. M., and A. A. Biletskyi. "THE RIGHT TO SELF-DEFENSE: COMMON LAW ASPECT." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 10 (2023): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2023-10/4.

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22

Motta Vargas, Ricardo. "El derecho de la gestión comunitaria del agua en Colombia para garantizar el acceso al agua potable." Misión Jurídica 11, no. 15 (2016): 321–34. https://doi.org/10.25058/1794600x.913.

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In 2006, the campaign to call the Water Referendum was prepared to guarantee its fundamental right. This campaign also begins the defense of community aqueducts and the community’s own self-management to guarantee its own right. Colombia is living a special moment in defense of its naturalization rights, based on peace agreements, and today it is necessary to regulate the community’s self-management of water. The problem of research is focused on analyzing whether protecting the community’s self-regulation of water can guarantee the right to water as a good of public interest. Methodologically

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23

Little, David. "THE RIGHT OF SELF-DEFENSE AND THE ORGANIC UNITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS." Journal of Law and Religion 36, no. 3 (2021): 459–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2021.59.

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AbstractThe article challenges the fashionable but finally unsupportable opinion in political and academic circles that there exists no compelling, unitary, universally resonant moral and legal justification of human rights. The argument is intimated by two overlooked passages in the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that presuppose the right of self-defense against arbitrary force, understood as both a moral and legal concept, and as relevant both to personal and collective life. It shows how the logic of defensive force underlies the three formative human rights instrumen

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24

Dzera, I. "PECULIARITIES OF A PERSON'S CIVIL LIABILITY IN CASE OF EXERCISING THE RIGHT TO SELF-DEFENSE AND IN EXTREME NECESSITY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Legal Studies, no. 118 (2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2195/2021/3.118-4.

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Civil law provides both general rules that provide the grounds and procedure for liability for damage to a person, and special grounds for bringing or release from such liability in the event that the person causing such damage carried them out in self-defense or extreme necessity. Therefore, it is important to clarify the specifics of civil liability of a person in the exercise of his right to self-defense and in a state of extreme necessity. The grounds and procedure for bringing a person to such responsibility are determined, the peculiarities of the subject composition are determined. A th

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25

RAMONOV, SOSLAN. "LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF SELF-DEFENSE OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND CITIZENS AND LEGAL INTERESTS." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 2 (2020): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-2-123-127.

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The scientific article briefly analyzes in a historical retrospective the issues of the formation and development of the institution of self-defense of rights and legitimate interests, starting with the Digest of Justinian and ending with today. The emphasis in the article is made on the need to study the issues of self-defense of the legitimate interests of citizens, as a little-explored side of this institution. At present, it seems important and timely to distinguish between subjective law and legitimate interest in the framework of the study of the constitutional right to self-defense. In

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26

YOUSFI, Dr Safia. "THE RIGHT TO LEGITIMATE DEFENSE BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND PRACTICE IN THE PALESTINIAN AND ISRAELI CONFLICT." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 06, no. 02 (2024): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.25.11.

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Following the flood Al-Aqsa on October 7, 2023, the Israeli- Palestinian conflict witnessed an unprecedented escalation in terms of Israel’s excessive use of force and the civilian casualties in Palestinian side. Furthermore, the majority of western countries aligned themselves with Israel under the pretext of its right to self defense. Israel and its allies have often resorted to this justification to justify repeated Israeli attacks on the Palestinian people. The Importance of researching this topic lies in the fact that legitimate self-defence is a right recognized by both international law

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27

Abdullah Sandi, Kasman Bakry, and Jamaluddin Jamaluddin. "Pembunuhan sebagai Upaya Pembelaan Diri dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif." AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab 3, no. 4 (2024): 694–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.36701/qiblah.v3i4.1666.

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This study aims to analyze the concept of murder as an effort in self-defense from the perspective of Islamic law and Indonesian positive law, with special emphasis on Article 34 of Law Number 1 of 2023. This research uses normative juridical methods with a comparative approach to explore the similarities and differences in self-defense arrangements between Islamic law and Indonesian positive law. The research results show that although there are differences in perspective and emphasis, both legal systems recognize the importance of the right to self-defense and the principle of proportionalit

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28

Leider, Robert. "Political Theory and Limiting the Right of Self-Defense." Criminal Justice Ethics 40, no. 3 (2021): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0731129x.2021.2005866.

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29

Lee, Jaemin. "Terrorism Prevention and the Right of Preemptive Self-Defense." Journal of East Asia and International Law 1, no. 2 (2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14330/jeail.2008.1.2.04.

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30

Saidi, Issa. "The Right to Preventive Self-Defense: A Threat to Collective Security?" Science of Law 2025, no. 3 (2025): 23–27. https://doi.org/10.55284/rdvetc61.

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The concept of preventive self-defense has emerged as a contentious issue in international law, challenging the traditional framework established by the United Nations Charter. While Article 51 of the Charter recognizes the inherent right of states to self-defense in the event of an armed attack, the extension of this right to include anticipatory or preventive action—before an actual attack occurs—raises profound legal and ethical concerns. This paper critically examines whether the legitimization of preventive self-defense undermines the collective security system enshrined in the UN Charter

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31

Nabati, Mikael F. "Anticipatory Self-Defense: The Terrorism Exception." Current History 102, no. 664 (2003): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2003.102.664.222.

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The traditional interpretation of the right of self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter, by prohibiting preemptive actions, gives terrorists and states sponsoring terrorist activities de facto immunity from justice and legality. Contemporary terrorist threats make the permissibility of anticipatory self-defense not only necessary, but reasonable, fair, and just. … Preemptive strikes should not be the ‘rule,’ but they may be legitimate as an exception to the charter's prohibition against the use of force.

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Mapel, David R. "Innocent Attackers and Rights of Self-Defense." Ethics & International Affairs 18, no. 1 (2004): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2004.tb00454.x.

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Imagine that a neighboring state drafts an army of ignorant soldiers, makes them falsely believe that your state poses an imminent threat to their survival or political independence, and then launches them across your border. As a soldier, would you have a right to kill such attackers in self-defense or in defense of your country? In this brief comment, I will focus primarily on the question of whether one may kill “innocent attackers,” that is, individuals who pose a lethal threat through no moral fault of their own, but because they are acting under a combination of duress and nonculpable ig

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Fletcher, George P. "Defensive Force as an Act of Rescue." Social Philosophy and Policy 7, no. 2 (1990): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500000807.

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Jewish law takes an approach to self-defense that differs dramatically from the conventional assumptions of Western secular legal systems. The central theme of Talmudic jurisprudence is that self-defense rests on a duty not to stand idly by while one's neighbor suffers. “Do not stand on the blood of one's neighbor,” as the point is cryptically put in Leviticus 19:16. This way of thinking about self-defense departs in two significant ways from common Western assumptions. First, it stresses that the roots of self-defense are a duty rather than a right to act; second, it treats the case of third-

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34

Tzimas, Themis. "Self-Defense by Non-State Actors in States of Fragmented Authority." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 24, no. 2 (2019): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krz006.

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Abstract The current article focuses on Events in the Middle East in relation to non-state actors and the right of self-defense. As study-case is adopted for Yemen, where the Houthis, as the de facto authority—and, according to their own standpoint as the de jure authority too—of the state, or at least large parts of it, declare that they exercise a right to self-defense against the Saudi-led intervention. The theme is examined in the context of protracted conflicts, which from non-international become internationalized armed conflicts, in states of fragmented authority and sovereignty. The ar

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35

Adwiyah, Aiin Widya Rhabiatul, Arman Anwar, and Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena. "Self Defense Yang Dilakukan Oleh Amerika Serikat Terhadap Jenderal Soleimani Dalam Prespektif Hukum Internasional." PATTIMURA Legal Journal 1, no. 1 (2022): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/pela.v1i1.5937.

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Introduction: The use of armed force is generally prohibited under international law, and is permitted only in two exceptions, namely when a country acts in selfdefense or when the United Nations gives it the right to respond to acts of aggression.  Purposes of the Research: This study will examine the legitimacy of the use of armed force in the implementation of self-defense, and whether the use of self-defense by America is in accordance with the concept of self-defense regulated in international law. Methods of the Research: This research is a normative legal research, using a d

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36

Tan, Xinyi. "Research on the Interpretation and Application of Self-Defense Rights: A Comprehensive Analysis." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 84, no. 1 (2025): 83–89. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/2025.20778.

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This study delves deeply into the fundamental right of self-defense within the context of international law, emphasizing its expansive scope, the specific conditions under which it may be exercised, and the potential conflicts it may pose with other internationally recognized principles. By conducting a rigorous qualitative analysis of international legal provisions, judicial decisions rendered by courts, and diverse national practices, the research reveals a multitude of trends and interpretations surrounding this right. It also highlights the discrepancies and varying interpretations that ex

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Tölök, Csaba. "Weapon against Civil Aircraft: Legal and Ethical Aspects of the Use of Force against Civil Aircraft." Lampung Journal of International Law 6, no. 1 (2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v6i1.3259.

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Using weapons against civil aircraft is interconnected with several areas: international legal responsibility, prohibition of force, right to self-defense, ethical dilemmas, and the protection of human rights. The arguments presented in this study emphasize that while self-defense provides a theoretical possibility for using weapons against aircraft, there are still ethical challenges and unavoidable rules of international law. Therefore, using weapons against civil aircraft poses several challenges that must be considered in both legal and moral aspects. This paper presents the international

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38

Л. І. Ляшевська. "Features of the duties caused by the person in the case of the realization of his right to self-defense." Problems of legality, no. 123 (October 2, 2013): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.123.52546.

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Peculiarities of the duties on compensation of the harm caused by a person in the realization of his right to self-defense.The article deals with the analysis of the elements on compensation of the harm caused by a person in the realization of his rights to self-defense. The characteristic features of the duties on compensation of this harm, the grounds and conditions of their emergence are established. It is stressed that the specifics of such duties (subjective condition) are the lack of guilt in the causer of the harm as self-defense is a lawful act.

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Ayrosa, João Pedro Barione, and Vítor Gabriel Carvalho. "Possibilidade e limites de legítima defesa em favor de animais." Revista do Instituto de Ciências Penais 8, no. 1 (2023): 183–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.46274/1809-192xricp2023v8n1p183-213.

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The objective of this paper is to investigate, on the one hand, if it is possible to act in self-defense of animals, and on the other hand, what would be the limits of defensive action. To this end, the paper was divided into two main parts. In the first part, the attempts to ground the crime of maltreatment of animals were analyzed in order to, from them, identify the status that animals occupy in the legal order, concluding that they can be holders of legal goods. Still in the first part, the possibility of self-defense of third parties was investigated, understood as the defense of a right/

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40

Ye, Shunyao. "Research on the Right of Self-Defence from the Perspective of International Law." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 5, no. 1 (2023): 844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/5/2022994.

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The right of self-defence is an indispensable concept in international law, especially in the UN charter. States can protect their legitimate rights and interests from other states infringement by exercising different types of the right of self-defence. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, economy, and politics, the right of self-defense faces new challenges. The collective self-defence, the anti-terrorism self-defence and the preventive self-defence are not perfect, and the specific content of the armed attack is not clear. Although there is no clear solution system in internati

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Khoso, Liaqat Ali. "Evaluation of Right of Use of Force in Self-Defense." International Journal of Political Science and Public Administration 4, no. 2 (2024): 46–78. https://doi.org/10.51483/ijpspa.4.2.2024.46-78.

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42

Al ‘Alwani, Taha J. "The Rights of the Accused in Islam (Part Two)." American Journal of Islam and Society 11, no. 4 (1994): 504–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v11i4.2410.

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Under the law of Islam, the accused enjoys many rights. Thesewill be summarized below.The Right to a DefenseThe accused has the right to defend himselfherself against anyaccusation. This may be accomplished by proving that the evidencecited is invalid or by presenting other evidence that contradicts it. Inany case, the accused must be allowed to exercise this right so that theaccusation does not turn into a conviction. An accusation means thatthere is the possibility of doubt, and just how much doubt there is willdetermine the amount and parameters of defense. By comparing theevidence presente

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Porozova, I. Yu. "Peculiarities of self-defense of a responsible nature in legal relations on transplantation." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.01.38.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the features of self-defense of a responsible nature in legal relations related to transplantation. The following conclusions were made: 1) in legal relations with transplantation, the patient is the recipient, and in autotransplantation, the donor is also; 2) the donor and the recipient have the right to apply and independently choose methods of self-defense; the transplant coordinator is obliged to use the methods of self-protection of the patient's civil rights and interests provided by law; 3) the donor and the recipient, and in the cases provided

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Akhmetova, Irina N. "Self-defense and its institutions in the mechanism of realization of the constitutional right to the free use of one's abilities and property for entrepreneurial activity." Law Нerald of Dagestan State University 42, no. 2 (2022): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2224-0241-2022-42-2-54-59.

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The right to freely use one's abilities and property to carry out entrepreneurial activity, guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, imposes on the State the obligation to create favorable conditions for a market economy. Constructive dialogue and joint efforts on the part of the state and the business community ensure the adoption of legitimate decisions, stimulate entrepreneurial activity. The business protection tools available today are the key to the development of the economy and competition in the country. Self-defense is one of the ways in which entrepreneurs can quick

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Tesón, Fernando R. "Self-Defense in International Law and Rights of Persons." Ethics & International Affairs 18, no. 1 (2004): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2004.tb00455.x.

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In War and Self-Defense David Rodin uncovers many flaws of current thinking about war. Rodin correctly points out that the justification of national self-defense goes beyond the justification of individual self-defense. He accurately rejects the standard notion of moral symmetry—the accepted view that both just and unjust warriors can permissibly kill enemies as long as they observe the laws of war. Rodin vindicates the right view: if a war is unjust, each and every injury caused by the unjust warrior is a criminal act. There are no morally justified killings by those who fight unjust wars. Fu

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Schachter, Oscar. "Self-Defense and the Rule of Law." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 2 (1989): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202738.

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Self-defense on the international level is generally regarded, at least by international lawyers, as a legal right defined and legitimated by international law. Governments, by and large, appear to agree. When they have used force, they have nearly always claimed self-defense as their legal justification. Governments disputing that claim have usually asserted that the legal conditions of self-defense were not met in the particular case. However, despite the apparent agreement that self-defense is governed by law, the meaning and validity of that proposition remain open to question. There are s

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Kostura, B. V. "The timeliness of necessary defense as its primary element." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (September 11, 2024): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.04.88.

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In this article, the concept of necessary defense is examined through the lens of timeliness, which is one of the most challenging aspects of justifiable self-defense. The relevance of this issue is heightened due to the importance and general complexity of interpreting and applying an individual’s right to necessary defense in practice. This right serves as a guarantee for upholding justice and protecting an individual’s life, health, or property when faced with aggression. The topic is significant for both practicing lawyers and scholars, as it touches upon fundamental principles of justice

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Norrie, Alan. "The Problem Of Mistaken Self-Defense: Citizenship, Chiasmus, and Legal Form." New Criminal Law Review 13, no. 2 (2010): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2010.13.2.357.

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This essay concerns the law of mistaken self-defense in England and Wales. It considers the widely held view that the honest mistake rule is wrong because it relates the mistake to mens rea. It accordingly fails to distinguish between offense and defense, and within defenses between justification and excuse. I argue against this view that these core criminal law concepts are fluid and irresolute. Mistaken self-defense can be analyzed in terms of an irreducible chiasmus (antithesis) in the law between "doing the right thing for a wrong reason" and "doing the wrong thing for a right reason." Thi

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Zhuravel, O. "Zhuravel O.A. Principles of realization of citizens’ right to self-defense." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, no. 1 (2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2018-1-100-105.

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Rutkowski, Mirosław. "Hurting and allowing harm. Part II: A right to self defense." Analiza i Egzystencja 45 (2019): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/aie.2019.45-03.

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