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Journal articles on the topic 'Right to shelter'
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1
Sharma, Dr Bhavana. "Right to Shelter an Expanded form of Right to Life and Personal Liberty: An Analysis." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 1467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i4/pr190471.
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Mc Murray, I., and L. Jansen Van Rensburg. "Legislative and other measures taken by government to realise the right of children to shelter." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 7, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2004/v7i1a2845.
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The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1996 entrenches numerous socioeconomic rights. One of these socio-economic rights is contained in section 26 that grants everyone the right to have access to adequate housing and section 28 that grants every child the additional right to basic shelter among others. This article aims to examine the legislative and other measures taken by the state to realise the right to shelter of children. Firstly, the legislative measures taken specifically for the realisation of children's right to basic shelter as envisaged by section 28(1)(c) will be discussed. Thereafter attention will be drawn to those measures taken to ensure the progressive realisation of section 26. Section 26 provides everyone, including children, the right of access to adequate housing. Therefore, every measure taken to realise section 26 is indirectly applicable to the realisation of section 28(1)(c) and children's right to basic shelter. The conclusion may be drawn that most of the discussed legislative and other measures are aimed at realising everyone's right of access to adequate housing, this includes children. However, most of these measures make little mention of the specific right of children to basic shelter. It is regarded as inclusive in the overall application of the legislation. Once again, it must be stressed that these legislative and other measures, in order to comply with the standard of reasonableness, must regard the interest of children to be paramount. If such legislation does not provide for the interest of children as a vulnerable group, it can be argued that the relevant legislative measure is not constitutionally valid. It is submitted that national government must recognise the importance of the role of local government, and local government should increasingly assume policy-making and implementation powers in their area. This will go a long way to building local capacity to function as effective development facilitators. As far as the resource problem is concerned, corruption in municipalities should be eradicated, while municipal capacity to manage and mobilise resources must be enhanced. The importance of co-operative government cannot be over emphasised. Without an effective integrated plan of action, which includes cooperation between all three spheres of government, as well as the participation of civil society, especially people who are directly affected by the implementation of socio-economic rights, realising the right of children to shelter will only exist on paper.
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Hirsch, Dennis D. "Making Shelter Work: Placing Conditions on an Employable Person's Right to Shelter." Yale Law Journal 100, no. 2 (November 1990): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/796623.
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Mc Murray, I., and L. Jansen Van Rensburg. "The utilisation of the right of children to shelter to alleviate poverty in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 7, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2004/v7i1a2844.
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Children being the most vulnerable members of society are the one's most affected by living in poverty. This unacceptable situation can inter alia be attributed to the disastrous effects of Apartheid. During this unfortunate period in our nation's history millions of people were unjustly evicted from their homes and forced to live in deplorable conditions. Moreover, many of these people were left homeless or without the necessary adequate shelter. Children who were born into these circumstances were denied basic resources such as proper shelter, food, water and health care services. These unfortunate circumstances existed at the adoption of South Africa 's democratic Constitution. The preamble of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa , 1996 reaffirms government's commitment to heal the inequalities of the past and improve the quality of life of all citizens. The Constitution is based on certain fundamental values, most importantly, human dignity, freedom and equality. The fact that these values are denied to those people living without access to basic resources such as adequate housing/shelter, food, water or health care services cannot be dismissed. To facilitate South Africa 's development as a democratic state based on human dignity, freedom and equality, the problem of poverty must be addressed. The Constitutional Court , in Government of the Republic of South Africa and Others v Grootboom and Others 2000 11 BCLR 1169 (CC), has recently stated that the effective realisation of socio-economic rights is key to the advancement of a value based democratic South Africa . Section 26 of the Constitution grants everyone the right to have access to adequate housing and section 28 that grants every child the additional right to basic shelter among others. By virtue of section 28(1)(b) the primary responsibility to provide children with the necessary adequate housing/shelter is vested in their parents, unless the parents are unable to fulfil their duty or the children are removed from their care. This does not in the least mean that the state has no responsibilities to children living with their parents. The state must still provide the framework in which parents can facilitate the realisation of their children's rights. The state can fulfil this obligation by taking reasonable legislative and other measures within its available resources to realise everyone's right of access to adequate housing progressively. Therefore, it is submitted that the measures taken to realise section 26 also indirectly ensures the realisation of children's right to basic shelter (section 28(1)(c)). It has been largely accepted by the courts and academics alike that all fundamental human rights are indivisible and interrelated. Clearly then, the state's obligations in terms of section 28(1)(c) cannot be properly interpreted without referring to the interpretation of those obligations conferred upon it by section 26(2) and the other socio-economic rights in the Constitution. Hence, section 28(1)(c) must be seen in the context of the Constitution as a whole. Put simply, the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures within its available resources to realise children's right to basic housing/shelter progressively. This article will focus on the utilisation of the right to shelter of the child to alleviate poverty. Essential to this discussion is an effective understanding of the right to basic shelter as entrenched by section 28 of the Constitution in conjunction with the right of access to adequate housing conferred on everyone by virtue of section 26. This will be achieved by studying the general working of such rights including their limitations and enforcement.
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Wells, Katie J. "Policy-failing: a repealed right to shelter." Urban Geography 41, no. 9 (April 3, 2019): 1139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2019.1598733.
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Critelli, Filomena M., and Jennifer Willett. "Creating a safe haven in Pakistan." International Social Work 53, no. 3 (May 2010): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872809359868.
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A case study of a women’s shelter in Pakistan is described, using in-depth interviews with the founders and staff. This article examines how a shelter program based on a human rights framework operates in the Pakistani cultural context. Findings demonstrate the considerable challenges faced by the organization, especially in reintegrating women back into society, as well as growing acceptance of shelter programs and women’s right to make life choices as a result of the organization’s work.
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Fisher, Thomas. "IS THERE A RIGHT TO ARCHITECTURE?" JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 38, no. 3 (October 8, 2014): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2014.968316.
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Architecture, defined here most broadly as human shelter, addresses basic human needs of safety, security, privacy, and protection from the elements, but it is often viewed not as a right that every person has, but as a vehicle for controlling people, stimulating investment, and a range of other social, political, and economic interests. This article looks at the ethics of this situation from various ethical perspectives and concludes that, regardless of one’s point of view, every human being has a right to shelter.
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Geng, Shaoqing, Hanping Hou, and Zhou Zhou. "A Hybrid Approach of VIKOR and Bi-Objective Decision Model for Emergency Shelter Location–Allocation to Respond to Earthquakes." Mathematics 9, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9161897.
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Earthquakes have catastrophic effects on the affected population, especially in undeveloped countries or regions. Minimizing the impact and consequences of earthquakes involves many decisions and disaster relief operations that should be optimized. A critical disaster management problem is to construct shelters with reasonable capacity in the right locations, allocate evacuees, and provide relief materials to them within a reasonable period. This study proposes a bi-objective hierarchical model with two stages, namely, the temporary shelter stage and the short-term shelter stage. The proposed objectives at different stages are to minimize the evacuation time, maximize the suitability based on qualitative factors, and minimize the number of sites while considering the demand, capacity, utilization, and budget constraints. The performance evaluation of the emergency shelter was carried out by fuzzy-VIKOR, and the most ideal location of the shelter was determined through multiple standards. Emergency management organizations can benefit from the collective expertise of multiple decision-makers because the proposed method uses their knowledge to automate the location and allocation process of shelters. In the case of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, the results of using this hybrid approach provide the government with a range of options. This method can realize the trade-off between efficiency and cost in the emergency shelter location and material distribution, and realize reliable solutions in disaster emergencies.
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Zhao, Xiujuan, Jianguo Chen, Wei Xu, Shiyan Lou, Peng Du, Hongyong Yuan, and Kuai Peng Ip. "A Three-Stage Hierarchical Model for An Earthquake Shelter Location-Allocation Problem: Case Study of Chaoyang District, Beijing, China." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 4561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174561.
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Earthquakes are one type of natural disaster that causes serious economic loss, deaths, and homelessness, and providing shelters is vital to evacuees who have been affected by an earthquake. Constructing shelters with reasonable capacity in the right locations and allocating evacuees to them in a reasonable time period is one disaster management method. This study proposes a multi-objective hierarchical model with three stages, i.e., an immediate shelter (IS) stage, a short-term shelter (STS) stage, and a long-term shelter (LTS) stage. According to the requirements of evacuees of IS, STS, and LTS, the objective of both the IS and STS stages is to minimize total evacuation time and the objectives of the LTS are to minimize total evacuation time and to minimize total shelter area. A modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm is used to solve the IS and STS stages and an interleaved modified particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm (MPSO-GA) is applied to solve the LTS stage. Taking Chaoyang District, Beijing, China as a case study, the results generated using the model present the government with a set of options. Thus, according to the preferences of the government, the determination can be made regarding where to construct ISs, STSs, and LTSs, and how to allocate the evacuees to them.
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Stavisky, Jenny, Brittany Watson, Rachel Dean, Bree L. Merritt, Ruth W. J. R. van der Leij, and Ruth Serlin. "Educational Research Report Development of International Learning Outcomes for Shelter Medicine in Veterinary Education: A Delphi Approach." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 48, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jvme.2020-0027.
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Shelter medicine is a veterinary discipline of growing importance. Formally accepted as a clinical specialty in the US in 2014, the practice of shelter medicine worldwide is expanding. As a topic in veterinary pre-registration (undergraduate) education, it is frequently used as an opportunity to teach primary care skills, but increasingly recognized as a subject worthy of teaching in its own right. The aim of this study was to use a Delphi consensus methodology to identify learning outcomes relevant to shelter medicine education. Shelter medicine educators worldwide in a variety of settings, including universities, non-governmental organizations and shelters were invited to participate. Participants were initially invited to share shelter medicine teaching materials. These were synthesized and formatted into Learning Outcomes (LOs) based on Bloom’s taxonomy and organized into five subject-specific domains. Participants were then asked to develop and evaluate the identified LOs in two rounds of online surveys. Consensus was determined at > 80% of panelists selecting “agree” or “strongly agree” in response to the statement “please indicate whether you would advise that it should be included in a shelter medicine education program” for each LO. In the second survey, where re-wording of accepted LOs was suggested, preference was determined at > 50% agreement. Through this method, 102 agreed LOs have been identified and refined. These LOs, as well as those which did not reach consensus, are presented here. These are intended for use by shelter medicine educators worldwide, to enable and encourage the further development of this important veterinary discipline.
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Carver, Richard. "Is there a human right to shelter after disaster?" Environmental Hazards 10, no. 3-4 (December 2011): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17477891.2011.594494.
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Canham, Sarah, and Joe Humphries. "Conceptualizing the Shelter and Housing Needs and Solutions of Older People Experiencing Homelessness." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 707–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2488.
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Abstract Newly and chronically homeless older adults have unique pathways into homelessness and distinct physical, mental, and social needs. Using a five-step process, we conducted a scoping review of primary research to investigate the needs and solutions for sheltering/housing older people experiencing homelessness (OPEH). Thematic analysis of data from 19 sources revealed 1) shelter/housing needs and challenges of newly vs. chronically homeless older adults; 2) existing shelter/housing solutions addressing the needs of OPEH, including Housing First, permanent supportive housing, and multiservice homelessness intervention programs; and 3) outcomes of rehousing OPEH. Following, we developed a conceptual model which outlines how unique health and psychosocial needs of newly and chronically homeless older adults can be met through appropriately-designed shelter/housing solutions with individualized levels of senior-specific support. Future shelter/housing initiatives and strategies should use a rights-based approach and prioritize matching diverse OPEH needs to appropriate shelter/housing options that will support their ability to age-in-the-right-place. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Gerontology Interest Group.
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Kim, Mikyung, Kyeonghee Kim, and Eunjeong Kim. "Problems and Implications of Shelter Planning Focusing on Habitability: A Case Study of a Temporary Disaster Shelter after the Pohang Earthquake in South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 2868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062868.
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Habitability is an essential concept for shelter planning in terms of supporting victims’ right to life with dignity and recovering from what they suffered. The study aimed to identify problems and needs in shelter spaces and suggest measures to improve shelter space plans by conducting a case study in South Korea. The temporary disaster shelter in Pohang built right after the earthquake (2018) was selected as a case subject. From the literature review, a framework consisting of four concepts of habitability (safety, health, sociality, comfort) and four shelter zones (entry, residential, service, special needs zone) was developed for the in-depth interviews and analysis. The field study and in-depth interviews with victims, staff, and volunteers were conducted to collect problems and needs regarding shelter space planning. The results showed that the entry zone needed improvements in ‘protection’, ‘prevention’, ‘sanitation’, ‘accessibility’, ‘area’, and ‘privacy’. The residential zone lacked ‘area’, ‘privacy’, and ‘indoor environmental quality’. The service zone problems were mainly seen in the categories of ‘area’ and ‘privacy’. The special needs zone was less habitable in the categories of ‘protection’ and ‘area’. To appropriately respond to victims’ urgent needs, the temporary shelter planning should secure enough space beyond the legal minimum standards, provide sanitation and indoor environmental quality management, and separate spaces by function and user type.
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Leurs, Koen. "Communication rights from the margins: politicising young refugees’ smartphone pocket archives." International Communication Gazette 79, no. 6-7 (September 25, 2017): 674–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048517727182.
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Politicising the smartphone pocket archives and experiences of 16 young refugees living in the Netherlands, this explorative study re-conceptualises and empirically grounds communication rights. The focus is on the usage of social media among young refugees, who operate from the margins of society, human rights discourse and technology. I focus on digital performativity as a means to address unjust communicative power relations and human right violations. Methodologically, I draw on empirical data gathered through a mixed-methods, participatory action fieldwork research approach. The empirical section details how digital practices may invoke human right ideals including the human right to self-determination, the right to self-expression, the right to information, the right to family life and the right to cultural identity. The digital performativity of communication rights becomes meaningful when fundamentally situated within hierarchical and intersectional power relations of gender, race, nationality among others, and as inherently related to material conditions and other basic human rights including access to shelter, food, well-being and education.
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Narzary, Pralip Kumar. "House for Internally Displaced Persons: From Right to Shelter Perspective." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 5, no. 1 (January 2005): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976343020050104.
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Canham, Sarah, Joe Humphries, Victoria Burns, Tamara Sussman, and Christine Walsh. "Uncovering Promising Practices for Supporting Older People Experiencing Homelessness." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2489.
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Abstract Montréal, Calgary, and Vancouver have seen a dramatic increase in homelessness among adults aged 50+. In order to identify ‘promising practices’ that promote aging-in-the-right-place for older people experiencing homelessness (OPEH) in Montréal, Calgary, and Vancouver, we conducted an environmental scan and three World Café workshops with 99 service providers and OPEH. We identified 53 promising practices managed or operated by 42 providers which we categorized across a shelter/housing continuum: 1) Emergency/transitional/temporary shelter/housing; 2) Independent housing with offsite supports; 3) Supported independent housing with onsite, non-medical supports; 4) Permanent supportive housing with onsite medical support and/or specialized services; 5) Long-term care; and 6) Palliative care/hospice. Study findings provide a template for existing solutions to the diverse shelter/housing needs of OPEH and insight into the gaps in shelter/housing and services that would support OPEH to age-in-the-right place. Policy and practice implications for scaling promising practices will be discussed. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Gerontology Interest Group.
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Vasil'eva, Elena Yur'evna, Elena Viktorovna Frolova, and Olga Vladimirovna Rogach. "Exercising the right to shelter for orphans and children abandoned by their parents in the Russian Federation." Урбанистика, no. 1 (January 2020): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2310-8673.2020.1.31810.
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The object of this research is the Russian practice of providing shelter to orphans and children abandoned by their parents. The authors examine such aspects of the problem as availability and capability of timely provision of shelter to orphans after release from orphanage, as well as mechanisms of exercising right to shelter for this social group. Special attention is given to the dysfunctions in the work of regional and municipal authorities regarding creation of environment enabling orphans to exercise such right. The information framework for this research consists of federal and regional normative-legislative acts, as well as information and analytical data forwarded by the regional authorities to the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation for the period of 2014-2019. A conclusion is made that the modern practice of providing shelter for orphans is a prerequisite for development of social injustice regarding families, in which parents diligently carry out their obligations, lead socially acceptable lifestyle, but are unable to provide their children with separate housing. The solution to this situation can come from creation of housing that cannot be privatized or be subject to alienation and made available for social renting.
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Razi, Naseem, Rashida Zahoor, and Ghulam Abbas. "The Nexus between Fundamental Rights and Necessities of Life: A Case Study of Pakistan." Global Legal Studies Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(vi-i).02.
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The Constitution of Pakistan 1973 protects its citizens by guaranteeing some fundamental rights. It is, however, a matter of great concern that these rights do not cover the "right to access the necessities of life like access to clean water, food, clothing, shelter, and medicine etc". It, thus, leads imperfection of the constitutional rights. Therefore, this study aims to highlight this gap by evaluating the constitutional fundamental rights in the light of the necessities of life. This study concludes that lack of access to the necessities of life has made the people least concern towards the national issues and development of the country. Hence, this paper recommends filling up this gap and to incorporate the "right to access to the necessities of life" in the Constitution 1973.
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Canham, Sarah, Mineko Wada, and Stephen Golant. "Reframing Aging-in-the-Right-Place for Housing Insecure Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2486.
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Abstract Amidst rising costs of housing and changing personal needs, considerations of the availability of appropriate and accessible housing are becoming increasingly salient for older adults. While it has been widely acknowledged that older adults would prefer to age-in-place, recent reframing of this trend promotes the ideal as aging-in-the-right-place. This symposium will provide an updated understanding of how to support older adults’ ability to age-in-the-right-place, regardless of income or physical, mental, or social status. Presenters include international and interdisciplinary researchers representing perspectives from gerontology, social work, community planning, and health sciences. The symposium will begin with Wada examining resilience scholarship, with a focus on older people who are experiencing homelessness, which has been largely neglected. In the next presentation, Humphries will outline distinct, senior-specific needs and shelter/housing solutions for newly and chronically homeless older adults. Following, Canham will describe promising practices of shelter/housing to support aging-in-the-right-place for older people experiencing homelessness in Montréal, Calgary, and Vancouver identified through an environmental scan. Extending these efforts to an international scale, Mahmood will outline findings from a scoping review of supportive shelter/housing options, supports, and interventions. A final presentation will report on how community development practices implemented by a not-for-profit affordable housing provider promote older tenants’ food security and social support needs. Stephen Golant, a leading expert on housing, geography, and long-term needs on older adults, will discuss implications of these studies for policy and practice for supporting housing insecure older adults while advancing scholarship on aging-in-the-right-place for this marginalized population. Environmental Gerontology Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
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Fragoso, Sara. "Shelter Cats: From Admission to Adoption—Ethical and Welfare Concerns." Journal of Applied Animal Ethics Research 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25889567-12340015.
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Abstract Despite the growing popularity of cats as pets, many cats end up housed for long periods of time in shelters. These shelters are increasingly under the spotlight by local communities in the way in which they deal with problematic issues, for they may be seen as an example or as target of criticism. In regards to cat (re)homing there are several relevant welfare and ethical issues. Shelters should have a proactive and well-defined strategy to improve welfare and reduce the number of sheltered cats. Those with the authority to make decisions should consider the available resources and hold in perspective the viewpoints of others, especially that of the cat. The challenge is to avoid judgments based on our own quality of life standards which may lead to decisions based on emotional factors to manage the situation. Is it moral for humans to poses the power to determine a cat’s fate? Despite not having an answer for what is the right solution, the way to proceed should be clearly defined. If there is a strategy and a plan, there is an opportunity to readjust and improve. What are the main reasons for all these problems? Most of the related questions don’t have direct answers. However, instead of reacting in order to solve the problem, we should proactively focus on prevention, mainly through population control and education, knowing that what seems good and right at that moment might be considered wrong and obsolete in a near future, in the light of the development of scientific knowledge and societal values.
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Marsland, John. "Squatting: The Fight for Decent Shelter, 1970s–1980s." Britain and the World 11, no. 1 (March 2018): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2018.0286.
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During the twenty years after the Second World War, housing began to be seen as a basic right among many in the west, and the British welfare state included many policies and provisions to provide decent shelter for its citizens. This article focuses on the period circa 1968–85, because this was a time in England when the lack of affordable, secure-tenured housing reached a crisis level at the same time that central and local governmental housing policies received wider scrutiny for their ineffectiveness. My argument is that despite post-war laws and rhetoric, many Britons lived through a housing disaster and for many the most rational way they could solve their housing needs was to exploit loopholes in the law (as well as to break them out right). While the main focus of the article is on young British squatters, there is scope for transnational comparison. Squatters in other parts of the world looked to their example to address the housing needs in their own countries, especially as privatization of public services spread globally in the 1980s and 1990s. Dutch, Spanish, German and American squatters were involved in a symbiotic exchange of ideas and sometimes people with the British squatters and each other, and practices and rhetoric from one place were quickly adopted or rejected based on the success or failure in each place.
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Mahmood, Atiya, Joe Humphries, Piper Moore, Victoria Burns, and Sarah Canham. "Shelter and Housing Options, Supports, and Interventions for Older People Experiencing Homelessness." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2490.
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Abstract While older people experiencing homelessness (OPEH) can have life histories of homelessness or experience homelessness for the first time in later life, understandings of shelter/housing models that meet diverse needs of this population are limited. We conducted a scoping review of the international literature on shelter/housing models available to support OPEH. Through an iterative process of reading and rereading 24 sources (published 1999-2019), findings were organized into 5 categories of shelter/housing models that have been developed to support OPEH: 1) Permanent supportive housing (PSH), including PSH delivered through Housing First, 2) Transitional housing, 3) Shelter settings with medical supports, 4) Drop-in centers, and 5) Case management and outreach. Findings expand our understanding of how a continuum of shelter/housing options are needed to support distinct health and housing needs of diverse OPEH. Policy and practice implications related to integrating health and social care to support OPEH to age-in-the-right-place will be discussed. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Gerontology Interest Group.
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Prado, Mariana Mota. "The Debatable Role of Courts in Brazil's Health Care System: Does Litigation Harm or Help?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 1 (2013): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12009.
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The 1988 Brazilian Constitution establishes a right to health in two of its provisions. The first provision provides a relatively long list of social rights, which includes not only the right to health, but also the right to the determinants of health such as education, food, employment, and shelter (Art. 6). The second provision (Art. 196) recognizes the two components of the right to health, namely: (i) factors that are likely to affect a person’s health, such as access to clean water, sanitation and nutrition; and (ii) medical care or health services. This second provision establishes that the right to health “shall be guaranteed by means of social and economic policies aimed at reducing the risk of illness and other hazards and by the universal and equal access to actions and services for its promotion, protection and recovery.” It also enumerates state obligations, the first and most important one being the duty of the Brazilian state to guarantee the right to health to every citizen.
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Hardiman-McCartney, Anna. "ABSOLUTELY RIGHT: PROVIDING ASYLUM SEEKERS WITH FOOD AND SHELTER UNDER ARTICLE 3." Cambridge Law Journal 65, no. 1 (March 12, 2006): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000819730622703x.
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Negură, Petru. "The State Policy towards the Homeless in Moldova between the ‘Left Hand’ and the ‘Right Hand’. The Case of Chișinău Shelter." Südosteuropa 67, no. 2 (June 26, 2019): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2019-0013.
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Abstract The Centre for the Homeless in Chișinău embodies on a small scale the recent evolution of state policies towards the homeless in Moldova (a post-Soviet state). This institution applies the binary approach of the state, namely the ‘left hand’ and the ‘right hand’, towards marginalised people. On the one hand, the institution provides accommodation, food, and primary social, legal assistance and medical care. On the other hand, the Shelter personnel impose a series of disciplinary constraints over the users. The Shelter also operates a differentiation of the users according to two categories: the ‘recoverable’ and those deemed ‘irrecoverable’ (persons with severe disabilities, people with addictions). The personnel representing the ‘left hand’ (or ‘soft-line’) regularly negotiate with the employees representing the ‘right hand’ (‘hard-line’) of the institution to promote a milder and a more humanistic approach towards the users. This article relies on multi-method research including descriptive statistical analysis with biographical records of 810 subjects, a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with homeless people (N = 65), people at risk of homelessness (N = 5), professionals (N = 20) and one ethnography of the Shelter.
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Zion, Mark. "Making Time for Critique: Canadian ‘Right to Shelter’ Debates in a Chrono-Political Frame." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 37 (December 15, 2020): 88–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v37i0.6563.
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This article engages with Canadian ‘right to shelter’ discourse, with a focus on shared assumptions that do crucial work but are sometimes unstated. It offers a ‘chrono-political’ framework to organize various claims made in the courtroom, in legal academic commentary, and by homeless people themselves. People sleeping outdoors have had noteworthy success in court, preventing immediate bodily peril. However, the ‘emergency’ temporality in those cases ultimately offers a limited politics. The author evaluates proposals from legal academics who therefore prescribe court orders that aim to transcend emergency protection: the state ought proactively to provide some minimal level of shelter to everyone, thereby conjoining the emergency temporality with a longer term ‘progressive’ temporality. However, it is argued that these proposals insufficiently formulate how judges understand their institutional role and the extent to which courtroom doctrine can redirect wider neoliberal trends. Regulative assumptions about ‘gradual improvement’ in the law must themselves be interrogated. As an antipode for the courtroom emergency temporality, a ‘dissensual’ temporality is explored, not as a ‘solution,’ but as an already operant politics, one not previously explored in legal academic commentary on the ‘right to shelter.’ Never to be romanticized, the tent city is nonetheless seen to enact what Jacques Rancière terms ‘dissensus,’ in which participants stage their equality in a way that calls into question the existing arrangement of political intelligibility. Amidst present constraints, dissensus discloses an expansive nonlinear temporality that channels egalitarian predecessors, taking feasible action in the present and attempting to prefigure a more equal future dwelling arrangement.
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Pokharel, Samidha Dhungel. "Health Negligence of Girl Child in Kathmandu Metropolitan City." Tribhuvan University Journal 31, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2017): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v31i1-2.25356.
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Along with right to food, shelter and education, children have also right to primary health regardless to their sex. Though the Government of Nepal has achieved the goal for reducing child mortality related to Millennium Development Goal. However still a large numbers of children especially girls are deprived of rights to health. This study is based on the oral reporting of purposively selected 269 parents including father and mother. Kathmandu Metropolitan city was taken into consideration during the year of 2013 to 2015. This study reveals that, more parents take their son to private health institutions and daughters to governmental health institutions. Similarly, this study has taken some socio-economic variables related to discrepancy of their son and daughter.
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Brun, Henri. "Le recouvrement de l'impôt et les droits de la personne." Les Cahiers de droit 24, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042557ar.
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Those who like to pay tax are few. Accordingly, income tax is often described as a shame. Of course, the right to enjoyment of property is at stake in the matters of taxation. And the collection of taxation involves also other aspects of the right to substantive and procedural due process of law : right to privacy, to be heard, to unbiassed decision, to professional secrecy... This article contrasts these rights, as they are expressed in sections 5 to 9 and 23 of the Charte des droits et libertés de la personne of Québec and section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom, with sections 13 to 16 and 38 and following of the Loi sur le ministère du revenu of Québec and sections 159, 231 and 232 of the Canadian Income Tax Act. It finds that it is the application of the income tax law, more than the law itself, that threatens human rights. It concludes that the main benefit of both Charters of rights is to provide a shelter from such unreasonnable application
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Erasmus, Gerhard. "Socio-Economic Rights and Their Implementation: The Impact of Domestic and International Instruments." International Journal of Legal Information 32, no. 2 (2004): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073112650000411x.
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Socio-economic rights are those human rights that aim to secure for all members of a particular society a basic quality of life in terms of food, water, shelter, education, health care and housing. They differ from traditional civil and political rights such as the right to equality, personal liberty, property, free speech and association. These “traditional human rights” are now found in most democratic constitutions and are, as a rule, enshrined in a Bill of Rights; which is that part of the Constitution that is normally enforced through mechanisms such as judicial review. The victims of the violation of such rights have a legal remedy. Individual freedom is a primary value underpinning civil and political rights.
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Cleugh, H. A., and D. E. Hughes. "Impact of shelter on crop microclimates: a synthesis of results from wind tunnel and field experiments." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 6 (2002): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02005.
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The purpose of this paper is to synthesise data from the literature, and acquired during an extensive set of wind tunnel and field experiments, to quantify the effect of porous windbreaks on airflow, microclimates and evaporation fluxes. The paper considers flow oriented both normal (i.e. at right angles) and oblique to the windbreak, in addition to the confounding effects of topography. The wind tunnel results confirm the validity of the turbulent mixing layer as a model for characterising the airflow around a windbreak and for predicting the locations of the quiet and wake zones. This mixing layer is initiated at the top of the windbreak and grows with distance downwind until it intersects the vegetation or surface, marking the downwind extent of the quiet zone where the maximum shelter occurs. The 3 factors that determine the growth of this mixing layer are the windbreak porosity, windbreak height and the nature of the terrain upwind. For wind that is flowing normal to a porous windbreak in the field, the latter 2 have the primary influence on the size of the sheltered zone, while windbreak porosity is the main factor determining the amount of shelter. Analyses of the effect of porosity revealed that the amount of wind shelter increases as windbreak porosity is reduced, but the downwind extent of the sheltered zone does not vary with windbreak porosity. Thus, the suggestion from older studies that low-porosity (i.e. dense) windbreaks lead to a reduced sheltered area is not supported by the wind tunnel measurements. In the absence of shading effects, temperature and/or humidity are increased in the quiet zone, mirroring the pattern and magnitude of wind shelter. Thus, the increase in temperature and humidity is greatest where the minimum wind speed occurs, and the magnitude of the increase is smaller for more porous windbreaks. The humidity and air (but not surface) temperatures are decreased very slightly in the wake zone, although these small changes were not significant in a field situation. Microclimate changes, therefore, occur over a much smaller distance downwind than wind shelter, and are negligible for the very porous windbreak. For example, at 20 windbreak heights downwind, the wind speed may still be 80% of its upwind value, while the air and surface temperature and humidity have returned to their upwind values after 12–15 windbreak heights. Furthermore, these changes in temperature and humidity vary with the type of land cover, surface moisture status and the temperature and humidity of the 'regional' air. Over the course of a growing season, these changes can be masked by soil and climate variability. The turbulent scalar fluxes, i.e. evaporation and heat fluxes, also differ from the pattern of near-surface wind speeds. While significantly reduced in the quiet zone, they show a very large peak at the start of the wake zone — the location where the mixing layer intersects the surface. Thus, caution is required when extrapolating from the spatial pattern of shelter to microclimates and turbulent fluxes. Wind flowing at angles other than normal to the windbreak has 2 effects on the pattern of wind shelter. First, for the medium and low porosity windbreaks used in the wind tunnel, the amount of wind shelter is increased slightly in the bleed flow region near the windbreak, i.e. there is an apparent reduction in windbreak porosity as the wind direction becomes more oblique to the windbreak. Second, the profile of near surface wind speeds is similar to that for flow oriented normal to the windbreak, providing that the changes in distance from the windbreak are accounted for using simple geometry. The field data agree with these results, but show an even greater influence of the windbreak structure on the pattern of wind shelter in the bleed flow region, extending from the windbreak to at least 3 windbreak heights downwind, precluding any generalisations about the flow in this region.
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Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim, Vicky Walters, J. C. Gaillard, Sanjida Marium Hridi, and Alice McSherry. "Water, sanitation and hygiene for homeless people." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.248.
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This short communication provides insights into water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for homeless people through a scoping study conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It investigates homeless access to WASH through the lens of a rights-based approach. It demonstrates that homeless people's denial of their right to WASH reflects their marginal position in society and an unequal distribution of power and opportunities. The study ultimately suggests a rights-based approach to work toward dealing with the root causes of discrimination and marginalisation rather than just the symptoms. For the homeless, who not only lack substantive rights, but also the means through which to claim their rights, an integrated rights-based approach to WASH offers the possibility for social inclusion and significant improvements in their life conditions. Given the unique deprivation of homelessness it is argued that in addressing the lack of access to adequate WASH for homeless people the immediate goal should be the fulfilment and protection of the right to adequate shelter.
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Podoliaka, Tetiana. "The Specific of Right to Shelter Realization for Internally Displaced People in Ukraine." NaUKMA Research Papers. Law 1 (December 27, 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-2607.2018.78-83.
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Hastrup, Frida. "Shady plantations: Theorizing coastal shelter in Tamil Nadu." Anthropological Theory 11, no. 4 (December 2011): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499611431037.
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This article explores practices of protection played out in a coastal plantation in a village in Tamil Nadu. I argue that these practices are articulations of different but coexisting theorizations of shelter, and that the plantation can be seen as that which emerges at the intersections between these, as they are realized in social encounters. This calls for a view of theory and analysis as generative of objects in the world, rather than applied to them from some fictitious elsewhere or posterity. Exploring the plantation and the shelter it offers as an intertwinement and simultaneity of practice and analysis, data and theory, I discuss anthropological knowledge-making as a truly lateral endeavour that engages in describing and cultivating a shared capacity for world-making, the challenge then being to find the right story of sameness and difference, without ascribing fixity and inevitability to our objects of knowledge.
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Levitt, Alexis L., and Lindsay B. Gezinski. "Compassion Fatigue and Resiliency Factors in Animal Shelter Workers." Society & Animals 28, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2020): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341554.
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Abstract This phenomenological study explored compassion fatigue and resiliency factors in animal shelter workers. Compassion fatigue is a phenomenon in which individuals become traumatized through the process of helping others. The sample included seven current and former animal shelter workers. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews to examine general experiences with animal shelter work as well as compassion fatigue. The researchers read the transcripts multiple times and coded the data into themes and sub-themes. Four major themes and five sub-themes emerged from the data. These themes were 1) Intrinsic Motivations including (a) Right reason, (b) Affinity with animals and (c) Attachment to animals; 2) Purpose, including (a) Making a difference and (b) Focusing on the positive; 3) Social supports; and 4) Coping Strategies. The study has important practical implications, including the potential benefits of screening job applicants for intrinsic motivations and fostering positive relationships between coworkers and the animals they work with.
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Bhattacharjee, Saurabh. "From Francis Coralie Mullin to Swaraj Abhiyan: Adding Multidimensionality to the Conditional Social Right to Food." Christ University Law Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12728/culj.10.2.
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Global hunger is widely seen as one of the foremost threats to humanity. The Constitutionality of the Right to Food has been a long-standing debate within the Indian Subcontinent as there is no explicit mention of the said right. Through various judicial pronouncements over a relatively long period of time, the right to food has been construed to be constitutionally ingrained. This paper explores the history of the right to food as a fundamental right in India, as per the Constitution. It analyses landmark cases on the right to food and examines the fundamental right to food, in terms of state obligations. Is the impact of the entrenchment of the right to food as a fundamental right, limited only to its symbolic meaning? Or has such right substantively shaped the contours of governmental policies too? What are the remedial interventions that the judiciary has made in view of the constitutional right to food? These are questions that the paper will explore. In this process, the paper will parse various judicial orders on the right to food and identify whether there are justiciable entitlements that presumptively constitute the core of the right. Further, the paper shall also highlight the multidimensionality of the right to food and illustrate that starting with Francis Mullin in the 1980s, to Laxmi Mandal and Swaraj Abhiyan in this decade. The courts have, through the above mentioned judgments, underscored the interrelatedness between the rights to food, health, shelter and right to work.
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Mostowska, Magdalena. "Prawo do swobodnego przemieszczania się w przypadkach bezdomności migrantów wewnątrzunijnych." Przegląd europejski 2 (November 19, 2019): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5829.
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The article examines interpretations of freedom of movement and access to social assistance within the EU Directive 2004/38. Examples of EU migrants’ homelessness are shown to demonstrate the confusing circularity in the regulations. The paper goes on to the development of local governments’ and voluntary organizations’ practice of limiting support to EU migrants in homelessness. Narrower interpretations of the right to reside are a basis for refusing access to benefits or even shelter. Repressive public space practices lead sometimes even to deportations. These interpretations, practices and public discourse are shown on the examples of the Netherlands, the UK and Sweden. Interpretations of the European law, practices and public debate are tools that limit exercising the right to free movement by socially defining and categorising homeless EU migrants as persons whose rights are dependent on their position on the labour market.
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Cumbane, Silvino Pedro, and Győző Gidófalvi. "Spatial Distribution of Displaced Population Estimated Using Mobile Phone Data to Support Disaster Response Activities." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060421.
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Under normal circumstances, people’s homes and work locations are given by their addresses, and this information is used to create a disaster management plan in which there are instructions to individuals on how to evacuate. However, when a disaster strikes, some shelters are destroyed, or in some cases, distance from affected areas to the closest shelter is not reasonable, or people have no possibility to act rationally as a natural response to physical danger, and hence, the evacuation plan is not followed. In each of these situations, people tend to find alternative places to stay, and the evacuees in shelters do not represent the total number of the displaced population. Knowing the spatial distribution of total displaced people (including people in shelters and other places) is very important for the success of the response activities which, among other measures, aims to provide for the basic humanitarian needs of affected people. Traditional methods of people displacement estimation are based on population surveys in the shelters. However, conducting a survey is infeasible to perform at scale and provides low coverage, i.e., can only cover the numbers for the population that are at the shelters, and the information cannot be delivered in a timely fashion. Therefore, in this research, anonymized mobile Call Detail Records (CDRs) are proposed as a source of information to infer the spatial distribution of the displaced population by analyzing the variation of home cell-tower for each anonymized mobile phone subscriber before and after a disaster. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated using remote-sensing-based building damage assessment data and Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) from an individual’s questionnaire survey conducted after a severe cyclone in Beira city, central Mozambique, in March 2019. The results show an encouraging correlation coefficient (over 70%) between the number of arrivals in each neighborhood estimated using CDRs and from DTM. In addition to this, CDRs derive spatial distribution of displaced populations with high coverage of people, i.e., including not only people in the shelter but everyone who used a mobile phone before and after the disaster. Moreover, results suggest that if CDRs data are available right after a disaster, population displacement can be estimated, and this information can be used for response activities and hence contribute to reducing waterborne diseases (e.g., diarrheal disease) and diseases associated with crowding (e.g., acute respiratory infections) in shelters and host communities.
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Chandra, Yudi Irawan, Marti Riastuti, Kosdiana Kosdiana, and Edo Prasetiyo Nugroho. "Automatic Garden Umbrella Prototype with Light and Rain Sensor Based on Arduino Uno Microcontroller." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (IJAIR) 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/ijair.v2i2.3152.
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Park is a green open space widely used by the community to carry out various activities ranging from recreation, playing, sports, and other passive activities. Current weather conditions are often uncertain. This makes people inconvenient when it rains suddenly, especially when outdoors such as in parks. Because if they don't immediately take shelter when it rains, it can make the body sick, besides that, rainwater can damage the non-waterproof gadgets they carry. In other conditions, when the weather is bright, and the sun is shining hot, it can make people feel hot and lazy to do outdoor activities in the park. Therefore, an automatic umbrella tool was made that functions as a shelter in the garden. In this tool, there is a light sensor module and also a rain sensor, which is controlled with the Arduino Uno microcontroller as an input data processor and an L298N motor driver, which functions to regulate the speed and direction of the DC motor rotation (to the right and left) as an umbrella drive. When the motor rotates to the right, the umbrella will open, while when the motor rotates to the left, the umbrella will close again.
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Uda, Takaaki. "Fundamental issues in Japan’s management system of coast for preventing beach erosion." Maritime Technology and Research 4, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2022.251788.
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When an offshore or port breakwater is constructed on a coast, beach erosion often occurs on nearby beaches of the breakwater due to the wave diffraction effect of the breakwater associated with the formation of a wave-shelter zone, because longshore sand transport is triggered from outside to inside the wave-shelter zone. Similarly, when unidirectional longshore sand transport is blocked by a breakwater, beach erosion will occur downcoast. In these cases, longshore sand movement is the key factor. Another aspect is arisen from the management system of the land near a coast subject to such longshore sand movement. In Japan, the management of coastal land is under the jurisdiction of several agencies. When sand is transported alongshore across 2 management areas, the sand right belongs to the agency administrating the area to which the sand is deposited, and the agency administrating the area from which the sand originated has no right. Thus, this leads to uncoordinated solution to erosion problems, because longshore sand can freely move across the boundaries of coastal management areas. In this study, these issues were studied through real examples. Even though the accuracy of the predictive model of beach changes is increased, implementing fundamental changes of the coastal condition is difficult when this issue is unsolved as it is.
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Suresh, Shravya, Sneha Venkatesh, Vidya Shree S, Hemalatha V. R, and Dr T. Vijaya Kumar. "Age and Gender Based Organisation of Shelter Homes using Convolutional Neural Networks." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 6 (August 30, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f2992.0810621.
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The number of abandoned, homeless and poor people have increased drastically in the recent days. Allotting these people to different shelter home is a very difficult task because volunteers in NGO have to do all the work manually and homeless people don’t have valid documentation regarding their Age and Gender. Volunteers usually estimate the person’s Age and Gender on the basis of naked eye estimation but this estimation or prediction sometimes will not be accurate. This problematic situation can be solved by using Deep Learning algorithm like Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). So in our project, we use CNN algorithm to estimate the Age and Gender from the facial image which proves to be a challenging task for a machine due to the high extent of variability, lighting and other supporting conditions. The system proposes building a model which has multiple convolutional layers along with dropout and maxpooling layers in between. The proposed model has been trained on UTKFace dataset and Fairface dataset. The proposed system aims to produce a high accuracy in allotting the right shelter home for people under various Age and Gender. The web application also accepts donations from the users visiting the website who are willing to help the shelter home residents.
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Stolarski, Lyn. "Right To Shelter: History of the Mobilization of the Homeless as a Model of Voluntary Action." Journal of Voluntary Action Research 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089976408801700106.
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Spaulding, Jay. "A Tree Under Whom to Seek Shelter: Royal Justice and the Right of Sanctuary in Sinnār." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 54, no. 3 (2011): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852011x587425.
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Abstract The Islamic Nubian kingdom of Sinnār dominated the northern Nile-valley Sudan from about 1500 to 1821. During the eighteenth century the government began to issue official documents in the Arabic language. Of these, about seventy are known to exist today. The present study examines an extended dispute over landholding near the Nile confluence that generated a series of official documents. Specifically, it considers a pair of unusual early nineteenth-century records that document the invocation of the right of sanctuary by the leader of the defeated party.
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Williams, Gordon Terrell. "Cost-effective landscape revegetation and restoration of a grazing property on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales: 65 years of change and adaptation at ‘Eastlake'." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 6 (2017): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj17110.
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This paper describes the restoration of woody vegetation on my family’s grazing property, ‘Eastlake’ (1202 ha) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. We commenced revegetating ‘Eastlake’ in 1981 to reverse the loss of native tree cover due to New England dieback and improve shelter for livestock and pastures to increase farm profitability. We treated the revegetation program as a long-term business investment and, apart from a 5-year period of overseas employment, have allocated annual funding in the farm business plan ever since. Our decision was based on the benefits of shelter to livestock and pasture production. Once we began revegetation, aesthetics, amenity and the positive impact on the capital value of the farm became important motivations. More recently, increasing the farm’s biodiversity and resilience, and conserving native flora and fauna, have also motivated us. Our strategy is to link upland areas of remnant timber with ridgeline corridors of planted vegetation to maximise shelter, minimise pasture production losses and provide dispersal corridors for fauna and wildlife habitat. Initially, we planted introduced species of tree and shrub, but now we revegetate mainly with native species, as well as fencing off remnant timber to encourage natural regeneration and direct seeding understorey species (mainly acacias) in degraded remnants and elsewhere. Our target is to increase the area of fenced-off and planted timber cover from 8% to 10% over the next few years, which will take the proportion of total effective timber cover from ~8% in 1980 to 18% of the property. The key lessons are to: (1) plan, prepare, plant the right tree or shrub in the right place for the right purpose, and post-planting care (the ‘4 Ps’); (2) integrate revegetation into the whole-farm business plan; (3) finance the work slowly over time with the aid of a spatial farm plan; and (4) adapt to changing circumstances, values and understanding. Research is required to help farmers understand the role of on-farm biodiversity in contributing to the health of the farm business, owner–managers and their families and the farm environment, as well as to regional economies, communities, landscapes and society more generally.
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Palmer, Ellie. "Beyond arbitrary interference: the right to a home? Developing socio-economic duties in the European Convention on Human Rights." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 61, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v61i3.452.
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This paper is concerned with divergent trends in the protection of socio-economic rights by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). It focuses on the potential to gain access to housing or housing-related benefits through the incremental development of positive obligations in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). First, it argues that, despite the conceptual inadequacy of the positive–negative dichotomy of rights, its influence is still strongly reflected in the ECtHR’s jurisprudence. It demonstrates that, despite the potential to develop the positive aspects of Articles 3 and 8 ECHR to protect vulnerable homeless individuals in respect of their need for shelter, strategic successes of the past decade, such as Connors v UK and McCann v UK, reflect a bias towards claims involving negative interference with the enjoyment of an existing home. Second, the article considers the implications of a trend towards the harmonisation of socio-economic rights in member states, through use of the fair trial right in Article 6, or the right to equal treatment in Article 14, read with Article 1 of Protocol 1 ECHR. It argues that, despite the impression of progress in Tsfayo v UK and Stec v UK, ,the ECtHR has relied on an artificial extension of substantive rights to a fair trial or to property covered by the Convention, rather than on efforts to address issues of socio-economic disadvantage more holistically through the development of a principled jurisprudence of positive obligations in the ECHR.
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Quirino, Júlia Sara Accioly. "Direito humano ao desenvolvimento: considerações sobre miséria, pobreza e políticas públicas de erradicação." Revista Interseção 1, no. 1 (August 16, 2020): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48178/intersecao.v1i1.213.
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RESUMO
O artigo traz a temática do Direito ao Desenvolvimento, aqui compreendido como projeto universal que se propõe à proteção dos indivíduos mediante a oferta de políticas públicas de asseguramento das condições básicas de existência digna. Nesse ínterim, o Direito ao Desenvolvimento aparece na dimensão internacional como direito humano inalienável, visando o desenvolvimento integral dos povos. Assim, resgataremos neste texto a trajetória histórica do Direito ao Desenvolvimento, sua dimensão ontológica e normativa, bem como seus objetivos, a partir da análise das normativas nacionais e internacionais que dão guarida a este direito, bem como dos movimentos de política nacional que buscaram implementar ações de empoderamento das populações vulnerabilizadas a partir dos anos de 1990.
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento; Direitos Humanos; Políticas Públicas.
ABSTRACT
The article deals with the theme of the Right to Development, understood here as a universal project that proposes the protection of individuals by offering public policies to ensure the basic conditions of dignified existence. In the meantime, the Right to Development appears in the international dimension as an inalienable human right, aiming at the integral development of peoples. Thus, we will rescue in this text the historical trajectory of the Right to Development, its ontological and normative dimension, as well as its objectives, from the analysis of national and international norms that give shelter to this right, as well as the national policy movements that sought to implement actions to empower vulnerable populations from the 1990s onwards.
Keywords: Development; Human rights; Public policy.
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Saltiel, Rivka. "Urban Arrival Infrastructures between Political and Humanitarian Support: The ‘Refugee Welcome’ Mo(ve)ment Revisited." Urban Planning 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i3.2918.
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<p>Maximilian Park in Brussels was the site of a makeshift refugee camp for three months in 2015 when the institutional reception system was unable to provide shelter for newly arriving asylum seekers. Local volunteers stepped in, formed a civic initiative and organized a reception area under the banner ‘Refugees Welcome!’ The civic platform which emerged claimed and asserted (existing) rights for one specific group, asylum seekers, exclusively, and thus did not challenge the exclusive migration regime nor demand transformation. While such a humanitarian approach risks reproducing the exclusive border regime and the inequalities it engenders, political<em> </em>support is a disturbing rupture in the name of equality that resists normative classifications and inaugurates transformation. This article maps out the complex dialectical interrelation between political and humanitarian support and argues that political implications can only be understood through longer-term research, emphasizing processes of transformation that have resulted from these moments of disruption. Therefore, the article revisits Maximilian Park two and four years after the camp and reveals how the humanitarian approach chosen in the camp sustainably transformed the park, adding arrival infrastructures beyond the institutional, and had an impact on how refugees were dealt with and represented. Concluding, the article suggests the notion of ‘solidary humanitarianism’ that providing supplies, meeting acute existential needs and simultaneously articulating political claims that demand structural transformation: the right to shelter, basic supply, presence, and movement for all in the city.</p>
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Labetubun, Muchtar A. H. "A LEGAL AWARENESS OF COPYRIGHT ON REGIONAL SONG CREATORS." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v5i1.15406.
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Copyright as an exclusive right for the creator or copyright holder to carry out the results of his ideas or ideas in the form of specific information or certain. Basically, copyright is the right to copy, adapt or produce a work, copyright is possible for the right holder to limit the copying or in any form without the illegitimate permission of a work, it can be realized by registration copyright, in its application, of course, there are obstacles that exist in the enforcement of copyright law itself. One example is the lack of awareness in registration copyright of songs by the creator. The research objective was to determine and analyze the legal awareness of regional pop songwriters to register their copyright. The research method uses normative research through a conceptual approach and a statue approach. The results show that the composers of regional pop songs know the importance of recording copyright because it is in accordance with the mandate of Act No. 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and has also participated in the socialization carried out by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, but songwriters do not record their work. Some songwriters consider that the registration is of no use because, from an economic standpoint, they cannot profit or lose personally, besides that their aspirations have not been fully channeled by the related institutions they shelter in this case the Collective Management Institute. Therefore to decide on the sale of the song's copyrighted work rather than registering it to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights in the Field of Intellectual Property.
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Madani, Rehaf A. "Analysis of Educational Quality, a Goal of Education for All Policy." Higher Education Studies 9, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v9n1p100.
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Education is recognized as a human right since the adoption of Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 besides health and shelter. Education for All Goals was established where more than 150 governments have adopted world declaration on Education for All policy to support the universal right for education. The ultimate goal of many countries is to guarantee the optimum educational access rates for improving the quality. Similarly, quality is reflected by a range of indicators, including government spending on education, student/teacher ratios, teacher qualifications, test scores, and the length of time students spend in school. Every investment must be measured against how it can serve such aspects to ensure the ultimate quality of Education for All programs. Investing in education reinforces a society’s wealth and growth, where individuals can easily improve their own personal efficacy, productivity, and incomes. A major challenge lies in defining the ideal education indicators and circumstances among countries; especially poorly developed countries that strive to establish a quality evaluation theme. Therefore, there is need of multifaceted standpoint and reasoning framework to realize educational policy evaluations that can truly contribute to the improvement of educational situation in developing countries and around the world.
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Chaves, Caroline Magna Pessoa, Francisca Elisângela Teixeira Lima, Ana Fátima Carvalho Fernandes, Érica Oliveira Matias, and Patrícia Rebouças Araújo. "Assessment of the preparation and administration of oral medications to institutionalized children." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, suppl 3 (2018): 1388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0197.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the preparation and administration of oral medications to institutionalized children by nursing professionals. Method: quantitative study, developed from August to September 2016, in a shelter in Fortaleza, Ceará. 323 observations of preparation and administration of oral drugs were carried out. Interview and non-participant direct observation of the process of drug administration were performed, whose data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 29 actions of preparation and administration of the drugs, ten were considered satisfactory. Sanitizing of hands before touching the pills occurred in only 5.2% of the observations and cleansing of the bottle for liquid drugs was performed in 23.8%. The actions “check the right child”; “checking medication with the prescription”, and “check the right dose” obtained percentages below 15%. Conclusion: measures recommended by the literature for the administration of medication were not, in their clear majority, followed, making specific training and protocols necessary.
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Headley, Maren, Juan Carlos Seijo, Álvaro Hernández, Alfonso Cuevas Jiménez, and Raúl Villanueva Poot. "Spatiotemporal bioeconomic performance of artificial shelters in a small-scale, rights-based managed Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) fishery." Scientia Marina 81, no. 1 (March 27, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04492.08a.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents a bioeconomic analysis of artificial shelter performance in a fishery targeting a spiny lobster meta-population, with spatially allocated, individual exclusive benthic property rights for shelter introduction and harvest of species. Insights into fishers’ short-run decisions and fishing strategies are also provided. Spatiotemporal bioeconomic performance of shelters located in ten fishing areas during four seasons was compared using two-way ANOVAs and Pearson correlations. Results show that there was spatiotemporal heterogeneity in bioeconomic variables among fishing areas, with mean catch per unit effort (CPUE, kg shelter–1) ranging from 0.42 kg to 1.3 kg per trip, mean quasi-profits of variable costs per shelter harvested ranging from USD6.00 to USD19.57 per trip, and mean quasi-profits of variable costs ranging from USD338 to USD1069 per trip. Positive moderate correlations between shelter density and CPUE (kg shelter–1 km–2) were found. Bioeconomic performance of the shelters was influenced by spatiotemporal resource abundance and distribution, fishing area location in relation to the port, shelter density, heterogeneous fishing strategies and the management system. The results provide empirical information on the spatiotemporal performance of shelters and fishing strategies and can contribute to management at the local-scale of a meta-population distributed throughout the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.