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Leonard, Carol. "The use of contextual information by right brain-damaged individuals in the resolution of ambiguous pronouns." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41662.
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Three experiments were conducted with the primary purpose of investigating the ability of right brain-damaged (RBD) individuals to use contextual information--at the level of the single sentence, in terms of the integration of information between clauses, and at the level of a minimal discourse (i.e. two sentences)--in the resolution of ambiguous pronouns. The investigation was extended to a group of left brain-damaged (LBD) and non brain-damaged (NBD) individuals. Four additional studies investigated and found no age effects in the use of contextual information in pronoun resolution. The results of the experiments with brain-damaged subjects were contrary to initial expectations. All three experiments were consistent in demonstrating that the RBD group was influenced by contextual information in a manner similar to that demonstrated by both the LBD and NBD groups. The results are discussed in terms of the distinction between automatic and effortful processing.
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Bakke, Sharen A. "Privacy, Control, and the Use of Information Technology: The Development, Validation, and Testing of the Privacy-Invasive Perceptions Scale." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1145192698.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2006.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 20, 2006). Advisor: Alan Brandyberry and Marvin Troutt. Keywords: privacy; control; information technology use; scale development. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-120).
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Heite, Martin. "Privacy, Constitutions and the Law of Torts: a Comparative and Theoretical Analysis of Protecting Personal Information Against Dissemination in New Zealand, the UK and the USA." University of Canterbury. Law, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2955.
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The New Zealand Court of Appeal has recently acknowledged the existence of a freestanding tort of invasion of privacy in Hosking v Runting. The tort is in its infancy and the courts are still grappling with essential problems, the most prominent of which is the conflict with countervailing interests in freedom of speech. In need of guidance, the courts turn to overseas authorities, predominantly from the United Kingdom and the United States of America. The commonly found descriptive nature of the comparison invites a broader analysis of these jurisdictions. In this thesis, I offer a theoretically informed comparative law analysis of New Zealand's new tort with the American public disclosure of private facts tort and the British extended breach of confidence action. In all three jurisdictions, the conflict of privacy with individual and societal concerns in freedom of speech has led to an exten-sion of (quasi-) constitutional norms derived, for instance, from the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 into the common law sphere – the horizontal effect. The horizontal application of constitutional rights poses significant legal problems to the common law, because it has learned to deal with duties rather than rights. The time has come to re-consider the nature of rights in both constitutional and tort law. The comparison shows that New Zealand has effectively adopted two torts – one following the duty-based lead of the United States of America and an alternative modelled along the lines of the more rights-orientated British law. The law of the United Kingdom and the USA differ to a degree that calls their comparability into question. I present the preferable British ap-proach as a 'constitutionalised common law tort of privacy.' The results also show that this model represents a competitive third way to traditional solutions based on common law or statute by means of utilising a statutory human rights instrument as an analytical framework for the common law.
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Kubiszewski, Ida. "Searching for the Sweet Spot: Managing Information as a Good that Improves with Use." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2010. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/129.
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‘Additive’ goods and services are defined as those that improve with use. They are not naturally rival, or even non-rival, but are “anti-rival.” Information is an example. Information can be made excludable through the use of patents and copyrights, however this does not necessarily lead to socially optimal production and allocation. A more flexible, open access, and decentralized process for the production and allocation of information could improve social welfare. This dissertation describes the challenges and problems with privatizing and restricting access to information and reviews alternative mechanisms for its allocation. Two particular issues at opposite ends of the access spectrum are: (1) strict barriers to private industry databases and (2) quality perception and control of open access information. The first chapter discusses our current system of producing and distributing information and potential ways to stimulate the transition to a new regime. This paper concludes that some of the ideas to seed such a transition include: (1) redefining wellbeing metrics; (2) ensuring the wellbeing of populations during the transition; (3) reducing complexity and increase resilience within institutions; (4) expanding the “commons sector”; and (4) using the internet to remove communication barriers and improve democracy. The second chapter discusses our current system of determining which information to produce, which resources to allocate towards the production of information, and how to distribute that information once produced. The paper concludes that alternative incentive methods, both inside and outside of the market, of producing information and new methods for distributing it to those that can make best use of it, would improve social welfare. These include: (1) prizes; (2) non-monetary incentives; (3) capping salaries; (4) research consortium; and (5) publicly funded research. Chapter 3 explores the difficulty in determining basic energy information under the current proprietary information system using an analysis of the energy return on investment (EROI) of wind energy. It utilizes a meta-analysis of the energy return on investment (EROI) to obtain basic information about the energy inputs and outputs necessary for the manufacturing, installing, operating, and decommissioning of wind turbines. This analysis shows an average EROI for all studies (operational and conceptual) of 25.2 (n=114; std. dev.=22.3). It concludes that making information proprietary severely limits the accuracy of EROI estimates and increases the difficulty of making the best social choices. Chapter 4 explores the perceived credibility of web-based information using an experiment with Encyclopedia Britannica, Wikipedia, and the Encyclopedia of Earth. Compared to Encyclopedia Britannica, both Encyclopedia of Earth and Wikipedia were found to provide a statistically negative perception of credibility. The other factors analyzed (presence or absence of an author, references, a biased sponsor, or an award) contribute to “brand equity” a composite characteristic that takes significant time to develop. The relatively new Encyclopedia of Earth has not yet developed enough brand recognition to affect credibility one-way or the other, but its positive characteristics should help build the brand and credibility over time.
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Syrengelas, Emmanouil. "Seeking for obstacles to achieve feasible interventions within NGOs with the use of Participatory Design : A study in “Network for children’s rights” Greek NGO." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-73264.
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Non Governmental Organizations have a mission to improve the conditions of the whole or a part of the local societies in the place where they are active. “Network for children’s rights” is a Greek NGO that mostly aims to fight for and ensure the appliance of children’s rights as these have been embodied in national and European Union legislation and international treaties. Its employees are working hard to fulfill their everyday tasks and serve the children members. The scope of this study is to seek for major obstacles in order to achieve feasible interventions within NGOs with the use of Participatory Design. PD methodology is considered a fruitful one to engage the employees and other stakeholders who are affected by a problematic situation into the following processes: 1) to co-research the situation inside the working, social, financial and legal context, 2) to express their feelings, opinions, ideas on how the situation can be improved according to their needs, 3) to co-design and evaluate the solution. To fulfill the scope, a PD study in the NCR was conducted. The outcome of the study as well as its whole process were evaluated. Two major obstacles were found. The first and most significant one has been the very small percentage of representation of the stakeholders of the NGO who participated in the study. The second one has been the lack of collaborative language games to ensure mutual understanding among participants. A researcher should pay extra attention to overcome these obstacles and future studies may provide with new tools that confront them.
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Höber, Christoffer, and Josef Marklund. "GDPR:s effekter på användares skydd avpersonliga data på internet." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43685.
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Personliga data samlas in när vi besöker internetsidor och tillgång till personliga data har snabbt fåttavgörande betydelse för alltfler företags värdeskapande. Därför har metodutveckling för tillgång tillpersonliga data blivit en central del i företags konkurrenskraft. Det medför emellertid stora och riskerför individers personliga integritet. För att motverka sådana risker infördes 2018 den europeiskadataskyddsförordningen (GDPR). Vår analys visar att GDPR ger ett stort tolkningsutrymme för hurföretag informerar om datainsamling via cookie-notifikationer. Utformningen varierar därför kraftigtoch designas ofta för att styra användare mot att acceptera datainsamling. Vår analys visar att eneffekt av GDPR är att antalet cookie-notifikationer ökat avsevärt och att individers medvetenhet omoch oro inför hur personliga data samlas in och används har ökat efter GDPR:s införande. Däremotpekar våra resultat på att GDPR inte haft några betydande effekter på användares beteende när detgäller att aktivt skydda sina personliga data. De viktigaste skälen till att GDPR inte haft några effekterpå användarnas beteende för att skydda sina personliga data är att det är alltför tidskrävande och svårt.Vår analys visar därför att det så kallade “informerade samtycket” till insamling av personliga datainte effektivt uppnås trots GDPR:s införande. Vår slutsats för fortsatt forskning är att det är angelägetmed fördjupad forskning kring obalanser mellan individer, företag och reglerande myndigheterkopplat till hur personliga data samlas in, sammanställs och används.<br>The collection of personal data has become a crucial part of companies value creation. Because ofthat, the development of methods to get access to power over the personal data has become a centralpart in the competitiveness between companies. This has resulted in risks and concerns concerningindividual privacy. To counteract these risks, the European Union introduced the General dataProtection Regulation (GDPR). Our analysis shows that one effect of the GDPR is an increased usageof cookie-notifications when informing users of data collection. Our analysis also shows that theregulation has room for interpretation for how the companies inform the user about data collectionpractices. That has resulted in varied design methods in cookie-notifications that often steer userstowards an acceptance of collection of personal data. Because of the increased usage of cookienotificationsusers awareness and privacy concerns has drastically increased. However, our findingsshow that the regulation hasn’t had an effect on user behavior, specifically connected to protectingtheir personal data online. The main reasons for this are that it takes a lot of effort and time tocomprehend how that is done practically. Therefore, our analysis shows that “informed consent” isnot effectively achieved in the current methods, despite it being required in the regulation. Ourconclusion is therefore that future research should focus on the imbalance between individuals,companies and regulatory instances when addressing the problems with collection and usage of personal data.
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Scrollini, Mendez Fabrizio. "Right to information arenas : exploring the right to information in Chile, New Zealand and Uruguay." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3361/.
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The Right to Information (RTI) – a right every individual has to access public information held by governments – is now established in more than 100 countries. RTI laws set up a new logic in government: availability of public information is the principle and secrecy the exception. RTI laws create new public information arenas where several actors request, release and use public information for several purposes. In this work, I seek to explore why RTI arenas based on similar principles, work differently leading to different outputs. My explanation is based on a historical- institutionalist perspective arguing that origins of these laws and previous institutional structures matter. I argue that three factors help to shape these arenas: the level of participation in the policy-making process, the professionalisation of state bureaucracy and RTI enforcement institutions. The combination of these factors gives us three different kinds of arenas: functional, mixed and contested. I develop a conceptual framework, operating at a middle-range theory level, to analyse the role RTI laws, requesters, the state, and the existence of RTI enforcement institutions play in each configuration. I show how these arenas evolve and work, running a structured and focused comparison of three case studies: Uruguay, Chile and New Zealand. This work shows how these arenas ended up differing in outputs such as availability of public information and efficiency in processing RTI requests, as well as the existence of effective accountability mechanisms to resolve disputes about public information.
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Lin, Rongbin. "Managing Autonomy by Hierarchically Managing Information: Autonomy and Information at the Right Time and the Right Place." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4014.
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When working with a complex AI or robotics system in a specific application, users often need to incorporate their special domain knowledge into the autonomous system. Such needs call for the ability to manage autonomy. However, managing autonomy can be a difficult task because the internal mechanisms and algorithms of the autonomous components may be beyond the users' understanding. We propose an approach where users manage autonomy indirectly by managing information provided to the intelligent system hierarchically at three different temporal scales: strategic, between-episodes, and within-episode. Information management tools at multiple temporal scales allow users to influence the autonomous behaviors of the system without the need for tedious direct/manual control. Information fed to the system can be in the forms of areas of focus, representations of task difficulty, and the amount of autonomy desired. We apply this approach to using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to support Wilderness Search and Rescue (WiSAR). This dissertation presents autonomous algorithms/components and autonomy management tools/interfaces we designed at different temporal scales, and provides evidence that the approach improves the performance of the human-robot team and the experience of the human partner.
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Skupien, Kathryn Stephanie. "Colors and Mapping: The Right to Receive Information." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4845.
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Color is used in everything we see and do and it often can be used for effect and representation, particularly on maps and transportation signage. This study explores the issues that the color blind population exhibits when viewing these maps and signs. Seeing that 8%#37; of the male population is afflicted with some form of color blindness, it is pertinent that research reflect these issues and take into consideration the Right to Receive Information for this population. A qualitative method using Photovoice and interviews was used to determine whether this population considers itself having a disability and what solutions can be found to assist with issues of seeing colors on transportation maps and signage. Results show that although half of the participants feel they have a disability, they do not want to be categorized with other disabilities or have restrictions placed on them. The overall consensus regarding maps was to use less colors and simplify. One solution to the issue of being able to read maps and signage was to instill the ColorADD Symbol System in the U.S. comprehensively. This study provides insight to the issues faced by the color blind population regarding Right to Receive Information for maps and signage, including alternate solutions to providing color blind people with sufficient materials. The significance of this research can be used to provide safer transportation signage for driving and better maps for traveling.
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Миколаївна, Проскура Ганна, and K. I. Zhebrovska. "ACCESS TO ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION AS A HUMAN RIGHT." Thesis, Сучасна університетська правова освіта і наука: Матер. VIIІ Міжн. наук.-практ. конф. (м. Київ, НАУ, 23 лютого 2018 р.). Том 1. Тернопіль: Вектор, 2018. C. 213-215, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/32720.
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Sabir, Mammadrzali Shahin. "RENOVATING THE SUBJECT MATTER OF INFORMATION LAW: RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN INFORMATION SOCIETY." Thesis, Сучасна правова освіта: [матеріали VIІ Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції, Київ, Національний авіаційний університет, 23 лютого 2018 р.]. – Тернопіль: «Вектор», 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/32831.
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Stoll, Jane. "Swedish donor offspring and their legal right to information." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-146449.
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All donor offspring conceived under the Swedish Genetic Integrity Act or the now-repealed Act on Insemination, from gametes donated after 1 March 1985, have the right to obtain identifying information about the donor when they are sufficiently mature. Despite this, studies undertaken in Sweden and abroad reveal that many donor offspring will never be able to exercise their right to information because their parents do not tell them how they were conceived. This study examines the regulatory framework established to facilitate access to identifying information for donor offspring in Sweden; the main objective being to determine whether or not the right to information is an effective legal right. In addition to giving an account of the source and scope of the right under Swedish law, Sweden´s possible obligations to donor offspring under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the European Convention on Human Rights are explored. A number of measures that could promote the right to information are also considered.
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Moitra, Sanyukta. "Right to information act, 2005 : implication, impediments and challenges." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2019. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/3637.
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Pande, Suchi. "The right to know, the right to live : grassroots struggle for information and work in India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47622/.
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This study attempts to develop an understanding of the iterative and multi-scaled process involved in transforming the state from below by examining the relationship between two of the most politicised rights-based legislations in India: the Right to Information Act (RTI) and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA). Based on one and a half years of ethnographic and interview based research, and five years of working with the RTI campaign, I examine the reciprocal relationship between the rights to information and work, and the multi-scaled activism necessary to instantiate both. First, I trace different phases of the struggle for the right to information, beginning with the creation of alternative public spheres, Jan sunwais (or rural public hearings) that responded to demands for the right to work in rural Rajasthan. Second, as this demand culminated in a broad-based advocacy network, I examine the role of actors from diverse institutional arenas that succeeded in passing the national RTI legislation. I also look at how the same national network of activists introduced the public accountability mechanism of social audits, inspired by the Jan sunwai, into the new right to work law or NREGA. Finally, bringing the process full circle, I look at the ongoing efforts of the MKKS and the Suchna Evum Rozgar Adhikar Abhiyan (The Right to Information and Work Campaign) to implement the right to work on the ground in rural Rajasthan. In contrast to existing studies, I provide a more comprehensive analysis of the interdependent struggle for rights to information and work as one long iterative process to transform the state from below. I conclude with some reflections on the different vision of “transparency” and “accountability” emerging from rural grassroots struggles and what the RTI and NREGA experiences teach us about the possibilities for their realisation.
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Sjöström, Josefin, and Juliana Moreira. "Rätt information vid rätt tillfälle The right information at the right time : En studie av individanpassning av informationsåtkomst på webbplatser An essay on personalization of information access on websites." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kommunikation, medier och it, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15045.
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Denna studie handlar om individanpassning av informationsåtkomst och syftet med studien är att underlätta för utvecklare som ska ta fram nya, individanpassade lösningar för webben. Denna studie koncentreras till Skatteverkets webbplats. Studien försöker hitta svar på frågan om aktiv individanpassning gör att det blir lättare för användare att hitta vad de söker. En prototyp med en aktiv individanpassning har skapat och sedan jämförts med Skatteverkets webbplats. Detta har gjorts med hjälp av observationer och en tillämpning av tänka-högt-metoden. I resultatet av observationerna har det framkommit att även om respondenterna hittade vad de sökte på kortare tid när det använde Skatteverkets webbplats upplevdes prototypen som lättare att använda. Slutsatsen att en aktiv individanpassning gör det lättare för användaren att hitta rätt information har dragits. En förutsättning för att skapa en aktiv individanpassning är även att man tar hänsyn till användarens behov, kontextualisering, kategorisering och filtrering.<br>The subject of this essay is active personalization of information access. Its main goals are to make it easier for developers to create new, customized solutions for the web. The essay tries to find an answer to the question if personalization of information-access makes it easier for the user to find the information they need. The researchers developed a personalized-access prototype of the Swedish Tax Agency’s website and, through observations compared it with the original. The researchers applied the think-aloud-method in five observations documented as video recordings and observation schedules. In addition, a follow-up with a questionnaire was made after each observation in order to collect additional qualitative data. The observations showed that although the respondents found the information quickly at the Swedish Tax Agency’s website, they experienced the prototype as easier to use. The conclusion is that active personalization can make it easier for the users to find the right information, and that a prerequisite for creating an active personalization is that it takes better into account the user's needs by means of contextualization, categorization and filtering.
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Cote, David. "The Right to Language Use in South African Criminal Courts." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4441.
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Nisan, Yüce. "Right to be forgotten as a fundamental human right." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/53732.
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Purpose: the main objective of this paper is to study the right to be forgotten as a fundamental human
right and its legal basis. Methods of research: general scientific, philosophical and specially-legal methods
of scientific research have been used. A system analysis method was used to determine the term of the right
to be forgotten and regulations related to the right. The case method and doctrinal research method were
used for determining the general understanding of the right. A dogmatic method was valuable to formulate
conclusions and recommendations of practical character within the research issues concerning the correct
and effective usage of the right. Results: the growing pace and place of the Internet have put the processing
of personal data in a new light, and it is now accepted as a fundamental human right to request to be
removed from any databases under the provisioned circumstances, thus, “to be forgotten.” To examine the
right further, studies have been made both by international and national authorities. While the right to be
forgotten must be exercised with the utmost care, it must be ensured that it does not conflict with the freedom
of expression and freedom of the press; the balance between legal interest and rights must be maintained.
Discussion: it was based on the scope and limitations of the right to be forgotten and the effectiveness of
current laws.
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Harris, Janet Louise. "Contraceptive service use in adolescents : defining the 'right' course of action." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396811.
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Zuta, Jehona. "Minority Rights in Macedonia : - The Right to Use a Minority Language." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259451.
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Myers, Robert N. Zapata Edwar. "Linking information for mobile use." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FMyers_Zapata.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Singh, Gurminder ; Das, Arijit. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 25, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78). Also available in print.
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Zapata, Edwar. "Linking information for mobile use." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3235.
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Information Management (IM) has been an area of research and discussion for several decades. Studies have been conducted by behavioral and computer scientists on how people organize their information and workspaces in order to come up with efficient ways to store, organize and retrieve information on personal computers. This thesis explores improving a user's ability to manage information on mobile devices. The goal is to make placing information on such devices a more attractive prospect, with an emphasis on retrieval of stored information regardless of the document type. This will result in mobile users having quick access to the right information at the right time while away from the office or home. This thesis describes the challenges inherent in a mobile scenario and the system designed to address those challenges. The system provides visual and navigational features that are not currently available on mobile devices, specifically the ability to view multiple types of items in a single interface. Additionally, the ability to logically link related items as an IM tool is examined.
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Gabriel, James Gregory. "Right Technology, Right Now An Evaluation Methodology for Rapidly Deployable Information and Communications Technologies in Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6796.
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The most significant technological challenge after a major humanitarian disaster is the rapid deployment of information and communications technologies (ICT) for initial responders. Reliance on ICTparticularly wireless communicationsis essential to a coordinated response, particularly in international disasters due to the large number and diversity of responding organizations. Therefore, choosing the most effective ICT systems for disaster response is a critical factor for ensuring success of the response effort. This research will provide background information related to selecting rapidly deployable ICT resources for disaster responders by exploring U.S. policy, worldwide disaster trends, and U.S. government responses. In addition, this thesis will evaluate ICT challenges that are unique to the post-disaster environment and identify essential characteristics of rapidly deployable ICT systems. Finally, this research will develop a quantifiable methodology based on essential characteristics to evaluate and compare commercially-available ICT systems in order to identify systems best suited for the disaster environment. Revelations will contribute to potential policy recommendations and follow-on research that will facilitate determination of the best ICT options, resulting in more effective cooperative utilization of these technologies to improve post-disaster responsiveness.
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Toyama, Miyagusuku Jorge, and La Rosa Juan Carlos Girao. "Labour GPS: The Employer’s Right of Control regarding New Information Technologies." IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123176.
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The authors analyze the exercise of the power of controlregarding new technologies of information. Particularly, the use of GPs Tracking as a tool that the employer relies on to verify that workers fulfill their work. Firstly, the authors explain how these technologies are used at workplaces and their lack of regulation in Peruvian Law. Then, they explain the conditions necessary for not violating the workers’fundamental rights when using this tool. Finally, they discuss the case law and precedents, as well as cases seen by theNational Labour Authority.<br>Los autores analizan el ejercicio de la facultad de fiscalización a partir de las nuevas tecnologías de la información. en concreto, al uso del GPS como herramienta de la que se vale el empleador para cerciorarse que el trabajador cumple con sus labores. en primer lugar, se hace una explicación sobre el uso de estas tecnologías en el ámbito laboral y su falta de previsión por la normativa peruana. A continuación, explican las condiciones necesarias para que el ejercicio del GPS no vulnere los derechos fundamentales del trabajador. Finalmente, se analiza las decisiones y precedentes en la jurisprudencia, así como los casos vistos por la Superintendencia Nacional de Fiscalización Laboral.
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Brandt, Patrik. "Information in use : aspects of information quality in workflows /." Karlskrona : School of Engineering, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2007. http://www.bth.se/fou/Forskinfo.nsf/01f1d3898cbbd490c12568160037fb62/e7dea68ff7c42604c12572b10051f3e6!OpenDocument.
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Dayan, Michael Oved. "Privacy boundaries : stories of protecting personal autonomy in the information age." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85147.
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In 1890, lawyers Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis conceived of a "sacred" right, the right to "be let alone." They argued for this right as a measure of "retreat from the world" for protection of an individual's "inviolate personality." Their argument was born in response to intrusions made possible with technological developments in printing and photography. For over a 100-year period, the concept of privacy has received attention from a multi-disciplinary collection of scholars. Despite this significant attention, however, relatively little consideration has been paid to conceptualizations of privacy in the everyday. My dissertation utilizes the focus group method to access individuals' stories about privacy in everyday lives. The unit of the story is important because it contains rich connotative language, imbued with meaning. My method of analysis is inspired primarily by Michel de Certeau and Clifford Geertz. This analysis reveals four significant themes, all linking back to Warren and Brandeis's original conceptualization in thinking about privacy in the everyday: it is associated with fears, it is considered a defence against surveillance, it is conceived of in metaphorical terms as a protective boundary, and it protects personal information and individual autonomy. This dissertation explores how individuals articulate these themes. It finds that individuals apply the language of space as a framework in which to believe their privacy is protected from surveillance.
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Wicker, Tom. "The Right to Know: An Unending Battle." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583027.
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The John Peter Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press and the People's Right to Know, 1984 / The Right to Know: An Unending Battle by Tom Wicker, Associate Editor, The New York Times / Carefree, Arizona, October 18, 1984
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Dang, Trung Ha. "Adopting Freedom of Information Law and the Quest for the Right of Access to Information in Vietnam." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380294.
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People have the right to know. More than one hundred countries have adopted Freedom of Information (FOI) laws that provide legal guarantees for protecting the right of access to information (ATI). The passage and further implementation by Vietnam of an FOI law, namely the Law on Access to Information No.104/2016/QH13 (hereinafter referred to as “the LATI 2016”), adopted in April 2016, can possibly enhance the right of ATI in that country. The LATI 2016 was passed with the purpose of providing „for the exercise of the citizens' right of access to information‟1. As such the law is expected to be a turning point for accelerating the enforcement of the right of ATI in Vietnam when it takes effect on July 1, 2018. This study examines whether or not this expectation is justified and if the requisite conditions prevail in Vietnam for implementing a system that gives people access to information.
There is a growing evidence of a consensus that access to certain kinds of information needs to be considered either as a human right or in the context of rights that citizens should have to prosper in their country. This study takes a rights-based approach, and argues that it provides a useful theoretical foundation for investigating the potential impact and implication of FOI laws. The sophistication and level of compliance with FOI laws in countries can vary depending on how aligned they are with human rights ambitions. The alternative instrumentalist approach as to why FOI legislation is enacted ties the regime to pragmatic values, revealing a lack of a consolidation of a theoretical and conceptual framework for understanding and implementing FOI law, and might not go far enough in the cause of protecting the right of ATI.
This study draws on the wider historical, political and economic factors influencing the adoption of the LATI 2016 by Vietnam, which give context for the scope of public disclosure endorsed by the new law and the likely effect of its implementation. It argues that the legal text on its own is overambitious and should not be presumed to create sudden and major institutional changes aimed at securing the right of ATI. The enactment of the LATI 2016 demonstrates a positive transformation in the willingness and the capacity of both suppliers (the state) and demanders (the people) to improve the mechanisms for exercising ATI as a fundamental right of citizens. However, this progress has also been influenced by not only the country‟s economic context but also by the political regime. For the purpose of promoting the right of ATI in Vietnam, the study highlights the need for bottom-up reform, stemming from civil and social demands, rather than a top-down process as has been undertaken over the period of drafting of the LATI 2016. The human rights-based approach taken to ATI in this work indicates that Vietnam is making progress towards deeply reforming their legal framework but much work needs to be done in terms of creating a robust implementation regime.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Law School<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Lukashina, Yulia. "How german right-wing parties make use of mainstream press on Facebook:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-225808.
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Crounse, Shane. "The fair information principles : a comparison of U.S. and Canadian privacy policy as applied to the private sector /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/8638.
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Hill, Belinda Kaye. "Weaving information : students' use of the Internet to find information /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7667.
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Burnett, Gary E. "'Turn right at the King's Head' : drivers' requirements for route guidance information." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27347.
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This thesis addresses a fundamental Human Factors question associated with the design of the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for in-vehicle electronic route guidance systems: what navigation information should such systems provide to drivers? To avoid the development of systems which demand excessive amounts of drivers' attention and processing resources or which are not satisfactory to the intended user population, it is critical that appropriate information is provided when and where needed. However, a review of the relevant literature revealed a paucity of research concerning this issue.
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Larsen, Irene. "Public access to information : reaching the right balance between public and private." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78219.
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This thesis examines the change towards a property-based view of information in the fields of copyright, database protection and data privacy. Focus will be placed on the United States and the European Union, as those territories together are responsible for more than half of the world's Internet population. The thesis will attempt to show that a view of information as personal property is not actually benefiting society in general and is dangerous for future progress: economic, scientific and social. The thesis suggests balancing the restrictions on access to information as a whole, meaning viewing the restrictions in copyright, database protection and privacy laws to see how they together affect access to information. It argues that these fields of law should supplement each other in maximizing social welfare through a baseline of public access as opposed to a baseline of monopoly.
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Delibasis, D. "The right of states to individual self-defense in information warfare operations." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434366.
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Van, Zee Emily Hanke. "Use of information in decision deliberation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9085.
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Dawson, Erika H. "Social information use in social insects." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/7980.
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Social learning plays a valuable role in the lives of many animal taxa, sometimes allowing individuals to bypass the costs of personal exploration. The ubiquity of this behaviour may arise from the fact that learning from others is often underpinned by simple learning processes that also enable individuals to learn asocially. Insects have proven to be particularly valuable models for investigating parsimonious hypotheses with regards to social learning processes, due to their small brain sizes and the prevalence of social information use in their life histories. In this thesis, I use social insects to further investigate the mechanisms underlying more complex social learning behaviours and explore the circumstances under which social information use manifests. In the first chapter, I investigate the proximate mechanisms underlying social learning and demonstrate that even seemingly complex social learning behaviours can arise through simple associative learning processes. In Chapter two, I investigate whether bees are more predisposed to learning from conspecific cues and discover that social information is learnt to a greater extent than information originating from non-social sources. In Chapter four, I demonstrate that classical conditioning also underpins learning from evolved social signals in honeybees. Finally, I investigate whether social information is used adaptively by bumblebees: Chapter three demonstrates that joining behaviour in free-flying bees is contingent upon whether flowers are familiar or not, and in Chapter six, I show that when social information is costly to acquire, bees are more likely to rely on social information to make foraging decisions. Taken as a whole, my findings suggest that bees may be specially adapted for receiving social information, but the ability to learn from others arises through general associative learning mechanisms.
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Wimalasuriya, Daya Chinthana. "Use of ontologies in information extraction." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11216.
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xiii, 149 p. : ill. (some col.)<br>Information extraction (IE) aims to recognize and retrieve certain types of information from natural language text. For instance, an information extraction system may extract key geopolitical indicators about countries from a set of web pages while ignoring other types of information. IE has existed as a research field for a few decades, and ontology-based information extraction (OBIE) has recently emerged as one of its subfields. Here, the general idea is to use ontologies--which provide formal and explicit specifications of shared conceptualizations--to guide the information extraction process. This dissertation presents two novel directions for ontology-based information extraction in which ontologies are used to improve the information extraction process.
First, I describe how a component-based approach for information extraction can be designed through the use of ontologies in information extraction. A key idea in this approach is identifying components of information extraction systems which make extractions with respect to specific ontological concepts. These components are termed "information extractors". The component-based approach explores how information extractors as well as other types of components can be used in developing information extraction systems. This approach has the potential to make a significant contribution towards the widespread usage and commercialization of information extraction.
Second, I describe how an ontology-based information extraction system can make use of multiple ontologies. Almost all previous systems use a single ontology, although multiple ontologies are available for most domains. Using multiple ontologies in information extraction has the potential to extract more information from text and thus leads to an improvement in performance measures. The concept of information extractor, conceived in the component-based approach for information extraction, is used in designing the principles for accommodating multiple ontologies in an ontology-based information extraction system.<br>Committee in charge: Dr. Dejing Dou, Chair;
Dr. Arthur Farley, Member;
Dr. Michal Young, Member;
Dr. Monte Westerfield, Outside Member
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Niang, Pathé Marame. "Les processus participatifs dans la gestion des écosystèmes en Afrique de l'Ouest : une contribution à la démocratie environnementale." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROD003/document.
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Les processus participatifs reposant sur les principes d’information et de participation en matière d’environnement contribuent à la démocratie environnementale en Afrique de l’Ouest. Cette contribution s’effectue au-delà de la mise en œuvre de ces principes dans la gestion des écosystèmes, par la recherche d’une justice sociale environnementale et la tentative de mettre en œuvre les principes de bonne gouvernance au service de la gestion des écosystèmes et le respect des droits de l’homme dans le domaine de l’environnement. Toutefois, pour que les processus participatifs apportent une meilleure contribution à la démocratie environnementale en Afrique de l’Ouest, il est nécessaire que le cadre juridique de la participation du public soit clarifié. Ce cadre juridique concerne aussi bien l’accès à l’information, les procédures de participation du public à la prise de décision et à la gestion en matière d’environnement, mais surtout offrir la possibilité au public de se faire entendre par la justice ou par d’autres modes de règlement des différends en matière d’environnement et de gestion des écosystèmes<br>The participative processes basing on the principles of information and participation regarding environment contribute to the environmental democracy in Africa the West. This contribution is made beyond the implementation of these principles in the management of the ecosystems, by the research for an environmental social justice and the attempt to implement (operate) the principles of good governance in the service of the management of the ecosystems and the respect for human rights in the field of the environment. However, so that the participative processes make a better contribution to the environmental democracy in western Africa, it is necessary that the legal framework of the participation of the public is clarified. This legal framework concerns as well the access to the information, the procedures of participation of the public in the decision-making and in the management regarding environment, but especially to offer the possibility to the public to be listened by the justice or by of other one methods of payment of the disputes regarding environment and regarding management of the ecosystems
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Ahmet, Zeynep. "What Are You Doing And Feeling Right Now?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-6168.
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Understanding and capturing game play experiences of players have been of great interest for some time, both in academia and industry. Methods used for eliciting game play experiences have involved the use of observations, biometric data and post-game techniques such as surveys and interviews. This is true for games that are played in fixed settings, such as computer or video games. Pervasive games however, provide a greater challenge for evaluation, as they are games that typically engage players in outdoor environments, which might mean constant movement and a great deal of the players' motor skills engaged for several hours or days. In this project I explored a new method for eliciting different aspects of the game play experience of pervasive game players, specifically focusing on motional states and different qualities of immersion. I have centered this work on self-reporting as a means for reporting these aspects of the game play experiences. However, this required an approach to selfreporting as non-obtrusive, not taking too much of the players’ attention from the game activities as well as provide ease of use. To understand the challenges in introducing a new method into a gaming experience, I focused my research on understanding experience, which is a subjective concept. Even though there are methods aiming at capturing the physiological changes during game play, they don’t capture players’ interpretations of the gaming situation. By combining this with objective measurements, I was able to gain a comprehensive understanding of the context of use. The resulting designs were two tools, iteratively developed and pre-tested in a tabletop role-playing session before a test run in the pervasive game Interference. From my findings I was able to conclude that using self-reporting tools for players to use while playing was successful, especially as the data derived from the tools supported post-game interviews. There were however challenges regarding the design and functionality, in particular in outdoor environments, that suggests improvements, as well as considerations on the use of selfreporting as an additional method for data collection.
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Cheng, Grace Y. T., and n/a. "Measuring electronic information systems: the use of the information behaviour model." University of Canberra. Information Management and Tourism, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050628.150806.
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This study focused on measuring the importance and contribution of information obtained from the
library, particularly electronic information services (EIS), to success in solving clinical problems in
hospitals. Three research questions with three main hypotheses were advanced and tested on clinicians
in 44 hospitals in Hong Kong. The findings were tested against the framework from Wilson's (1996)
existing general information behaviour model, from which a new extended model for clinicians was
built. Measures of EIS were then derived from the new model.
The research was broadly divided into a series of five studies in two stages: nominal group,
quantitative survey, and interviews in the first stage, and randomized controlled study as well as the
analyses of statistical data and computer transaction logs in the second stage. The key results in Stage I
led to the studies in Stage 11. The randomized controlled study in Stage 11 attempted to reduce the
barriers identified in the information environment, with a view to test the results of an educational
intervention, and to confirm that the hypotheses were true given reduced barriers and the presence of
enabling conditions. The effects of the interventions in this experimental study were validated and
verified by statistical data and transaction logs.
Corroborative evidence from the two-stage studies showed that the three main inter-connected
hypotheses were supported: success in problem-solving is related to the information sources used; user
satisfaction is related to success in problem-solving; and EIS use is an indicator of user satisfaction.
EIS use is determined by a number of factors: the preference for EIS, the use of the library, the skills
and knowledge in searching, the profession of the user and the characteristics of the work environment.
Educational intervention was found to improve success in problem-solving, the attitudes, skills and
knowledge in searching, the satisfaction with and use of EIS, and is an important enabling condition.
The research rejected part of the first hypothesis posed that success in problem-solving is related to
clinical question posed and suggests that further research is needed in this area.
The study supported the extension of the general model to clinical information needs and
behaviours and found new relationships. The study found an additional determinant of EIS
satisfaction, the satisfaction with the information obtained. EIS satisfaction would not be changed by
educational intervention alone if the information obtained was not satisfactory. On the other hand,
education can improve EIS satisfaction regardless of whether the problem has been solved. Of critical
importance is the time factor in determining the use (or non-use) of EIS. There is new evidence that
the awareness of the user of an answer in literature is a determining factor for active searching.
Borrowing the concept of opportunity cost from economic theory, the researcher relates it with the
differing levels of self-efficacy and postulates a model for planning EIS and related library services.
From the new extended model of information behaviour, sixteen main measures or indicators
were tested on a proposed framework in developing performance measures to diagnose information
behaviours and predict EIS use, satisfaction and success in problem-solving. In measuring EIS, the
researcher suggested the holistic approach in assessing traditional (non-electronic) library and
information services as part of information behaviours of clinicians. The study pointed to the
imbalance between self-efficacy and the actual skills and knowledge of users in their searching
mentality and activities and the implication for library practice. Qualitative aspects that require further
research on measurement were suggested.
The study has important ramifications for theory and practice for the information professional.
The new extended model of information behaviour for clinicians establishes deterministic relationships
that help explain why an information search is pursued actively, continuously, or not at all. Measures
that have been derived from these relationships can help diagnose and predict information behaviours.
The study highlights the flexibility and utility of the general model of information behaviour. Also,
this is the first time that such a methodological approach has been adopted to derive EIS measures.
The application of the randomized controlled study methodology in information science was proven to
be feasible and yielded definitive results. The researcher proposes that further development of
information behaviour model should incorporate the element of knowledge generation process in an
organization.
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McKay-Panos, Linda. "The public's right of effective access to information in the environmental assessment process." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49709.pdf.
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Bergeron, Pierre-Jérôme. "Measuring dependence using information gain when data are length-biased and right-censored." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80225.
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In epidemiologic studies, prevalent cases with a disease are often identified through a cross-sectional study. These cases are then followed for a fixed period of time at the end of which the subjects will either have failed or have been censored. When interest lies in estimating the survival distribution, from onset, of subjects with the disease one must take into account that the survival times of the cases ascertained in such fashion are left truncated. When it is possible to assume that there has not been any epidemic of the disease over the past period of time that covers the onset times of the subjects, one may assume that the disease has stationary incidence. Under such a stationarity assumption, the survival times of the recruited subjects are called "length-biased". Measures of dependence have been extensively treated in statistical literature. In the context of survival analysis with length-biased data the literature is rather poor. It is the purpose of this thesis to establish a measure of dependence for length-biased right-censored observations.
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Sharma, Prashant. "The right to information act in India : the turbid world of transparency reforms." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/579/.
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The enactment of the national Right to Information (RTI) Act in 2005 has been produced, consumed and celebrated as an important event of democratic deepening in India both in terms of the process that led to its enactment (arising from a grassroots movement) as well as its outcome (fundamentally altering the citizen-state relationship). This thesis problematises this narrative and proposes that the explanatory factors underlying this event may be more complex than thus far imagined. First, the leadership of the grassroots movement was embedded within the ruling elite and possessed the necessary resources as well as unparalleled access to spaces of power for the movement to be successful. Second, the democratisation of the higher bureaucracy along with the launch of the economic liberalisation project meant that the urban, educated, high-caste, upper-middle-class elite that provided critical support to the demand for an RTI Act was no longer vested in the state and had moved to the private sector. Mirroring this shift, the framing of the RTI Act during the 1990s saw its ambit reduced to the government, even as there was a concomitant push to privatise public goods and services. Third, the thesis locates the Indian RTI Act within the global explosion of freedom of information laws over the last two decades, and shows how international pressures, embedded within a reimagining of the role of the state vis-à-vis the market, had a direct and causal impact both on its content, as well as the timing of its enactment. Taking the production of the RTI Act as a lens, the thesis finally argues that while there is much to celebrate in the consolidation of procedural democracy in India over the last six decades, existing economic, social and political structures may limit the extent and forms of democratic deepening occurring in the near future.
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Bullen, Alison Maeve. "Parliamentary Committees : strategy for improved information use /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/989.
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Kirk, Joyce. "Theorising information use : managers and their work /." Electronic version, 2002. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20031028.165129/index.html.
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Cameron, Tamara. "Representing information use in an educational setting." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3390.
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The purpose of this study is to describe how a high school student retrieves information in order to write a history research paper, and to investigate the role genre plays in this process of search and paper construction. This study interrogates the conditions under which students are sent to the library to complete research assignments. What is absent from the research of school library use is how the kinds of knowledge expected from the students, and how the kinds of uses and manipulations that information is to be put through are connected to the access and retrieval of information. Because use is the final stage in the information process, this problem is approached by examining the assumptions about language, knowledge, and genre that teachers and students bring to research assignments in the school library. Rhetorical genre theory may be used to construct a representation of information use within an educational setting. Rhetorical genre theory will also be used to determine the method of analysis. By examining a few instances of high school history research, we can begin to systematize the features found beyond the sample to a larger study. An interdisciplinary approach that integrates classification theory, information seeking behavior, and rhetorical practices may help to characterize effective models in information retrieval. This model may provide a structure for understanding how a core set of research tasks utilizes a certain set of genres.
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Watson, Neville. "Alcohol use and biases in information processing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505823.
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Ndyetabula, Protas K. G. M. "The use of soil information in Tanzania." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296808.
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China, Samuel Soita. "Land use planning using geographic information systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239501.
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Rojas-Ferrer, Isabel. "Individual Variation In Information and Its Use." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42105.
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Individuals within a population can vary in the way that they acquire, store, and act on information from the environment. Researchers have commonly looked at differences in genetic architecture, physical environment, or personality as possible causes of individual variation in cognition. Though cognition is defined as a suite of mechanisms involving the processing of information, we have yet to asses information (i.e. a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome) as a possible cause of individual variation in cognition. This thesis seeks to understand the causes of individual variation in cognition by using approaches that allow quantifying and/or manipulating information acquisition or its use. In Chapter 1, I look at the link between information gathering and exploratory personality by testing the correlation between activity in a novel environment and attraction to novelty in wild-caught black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus). My results validate exploratory personality assessed in an open field test as a measure of information gathering. Fast exploration of a novel environment was positively correlated with novelty seeking, suggesting that exploration is an information gathering strategy. In Chapter 2, I test for experience with informative vs non-informative cues as a cause for individual differences in decision making and learning performance. Here, I manipulated the informational properties (i.e. presence and number of reliable cues) of the developmental environment of juvenile captive zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata). This rare longitudinal and experimental examination of the effect of informative versus non-informative cues during development suggests that experience with informative cues can cause increased discrimination learning accuracy and decision-making speed later in life. Finally, in Chapter 3 I looked into individual variation in information use and decision making using a game theoretic approach. Using a producer-scrounger game, groups of zebra finches were exposed to varying seed distributions. Individual strategy choice in a social-foraging game was not significantly correlated with an individual’s experience with informative cues or learning performance. Still, contrary to my predictions, fear response significantly predicted strategy choice where more fearful individuals were more likely to choose a producer strategy. By addressing information as a parameter, my results suggest that information can affect individual variation depending on context.
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Ben, Tania, Yuliia Onofriichuk, and Roman Golovatyi. "Use of modern information technology in education." Thesis, Lviv State University of Life Safety, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5997.
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The processes of globalization that characterize the development of modern society, the introduction of digital technologies at all levels of education are significantly changing the requirements for professional education of future educators. Formation of competent specialists, who are free to navigate in the information space of modern education, have a high level of information and communication technologies, use them in training, professional activity, during the conduct of scientific research, is one of the urgent tasks of higher education.