Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rigidification'
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Mille, Marion. "Rigidification de structures gonflables pour satellites par photopolymérisation d'époxydes." Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/sciences/2009REIMS003.pdf.
Full textThe development of original concepts such as inflatable and rigidizable structures for satellite appendages is driving the need for in-orbit rigidization technologies. Polymerization of composite in free space environment appears as one of the most promising processes among those envisioned to turn a foldable, inflatable structure into a rigid, load-bearing structure. In this context, the polymerization of epoxy resins photoinitiated by a Fe(II) cationic complex of methylnaphthalene was developed for the rigidization of inflatable structures. Model compounds were first studied from a fundamental point of view, in order to examine the key steps of the cationic photoinitiated polymerization reaction and to develop quantitative methods for monitoring and modeling the different steps of the curing reaction. The constraint of low content in volatile compounds in the uncured materials was then taking into account by considering commercial reactive prepolymers. For obtaining the desired thermomechanical properties, it become necessary to move towards the synthesis of reactive copolymers including glycidyle methacrylate units. The key point is to control the antagonistic properties of low viscosity (molecular weight not too high) and low content in volatile compounds. Various macromolecular engineering tools were used to obtain the desired architecture, with appropriate content in reactive functions and molecular weight
Jermann, Christophe. "Résolution de contraintes géométriques par rigidification récursive et propagation d'intervalles." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5766.
Full textGeometric constraint satisfaction problems (GCSPs) are ubiquitous in applications like CAD, robotics or molecular biology. They consist in searching positions, orientations and dimensions of geometric objects bound by geometric constraints. The goal of the thesis was to find an efficient and complete solving method for GCSPs. In the first part, we compare solving methods and decomposition techniques, and we choose Hoffmann et al's decomposition and interval solving methods. We define a general framework for the study of rigidity in GCSPs, a concept used in all the geometric decomposition methods. In the second part, we analyse Hoffmann et al's method, and the limits inherent to all the structural geometric approaches. We propose the degree of rigidity concept to overcome some of these limits. We introduce a new decomposition method, and its combination with interval solving methods
Baert, François. "Molécules conjuguées pour le photovoltaïque organique : impact de la rigidification sur les propriétés des matériaux." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0028/document.
Full textThe development of the so-called organic photovoltaics (OPVs) still requires technological as well as chemical advances through the elaboration of new photoactive materials. Active layer of devices is typically composed of two organic semiconductors, one electron-acceptor and one electron-donor respectively. During this work, rigidification by covalent bridging was applied to three different kinds of molecular donors to assess its impact on the materials electronic properties. First, two series of covalently bridged dicyanovinyl(DCV) end-capped quaterthiophene derivatives have been synthesized. A methylene bridge on the central bithiophene unit leads to a significant bathochromic shift of the absorption spectrum associated with a raising of the HOMO level. Their potential as donor material has been evaluated in solar cells. Power conversion efficiencies ranging from 2% to 3.4% can be achieved in bilayers structures according to the length of the alkyl chains introduced on the bridged bithiophene moiety. Then, the use of a rigid thieno[2,3-b]indoleheterocycle allowed us to design, synthesize and characterize the smallest push-pull molecule able to reach 1% efficiency. It is worth noting that extending the conjugation length of this molecule by adding one thiophene unit leads to an increase of the efficiency up to 3.1%. Finally, a molecular donor built from a bridged dithienyldicyanoethylene core functionalized at both sides by a triphenylamine unit was studied and led to less efficient OPV cells (0.3%) than its unbridged counterpart (1.1%)
Cogan, Scott. "Réanalyse des structures à partir de données expérimentales : Rigidification et substitution." Besançon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA2033.
Full textKozik, Patrycja. "Prépolymères à base de lignines pour la rigidification de formulations d'élastomères." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS023.
Full textThe industrial framework of this project is the substitution of phenol formaldehyde resin (RFP) and its methyl donor hardener currently used for improving the performances of rubber compositions of tires or semi-finished products for tires. A critical aspect is the need for an increase of rigidity at low deformation without enhancement of the hysteresis of the cured elastomers filled with carbon black. The specific aim of this PhD work was to propose an alternative thermosetting system to the current RFP resins. This new system should be rich in renewable carbon and chemically modified by environmentally friendly processes. Lignin was chosen as the source of the renewable carbon. A preliminary study emphasized the potentialities of a class of epoxy-modified lignins for the targeted application. The main approach was the design of epoxy modified lignin to be obtained by an original method avoiding the use of epichlorohydrine and to be subsequently cured by appropriate cross-linkers. A preliminary screening with a lignin model compound gave the range of the epoxy compounds and the conditions to be tested for the reaction with lignin. Then various experiments with lignin confirmed the potential of 4, 5-epoxytetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidylester, an epoxy compound containing both one cycloaliphatic and two glycidyl type of epoxy groups, as an alternative for epichlorohydrine for the preparation of modified lignin. In the conditions we have defined, the reaction yielded epoxy lignin-based prepolymers as a powder with epoxy level as high as 1,2 mol/kg determined by FTIR spectroscopy. The series of evaluation campaigns in rubber blends showed that the new epoxy-modified lignin associated with p-xylylenediamine can be successfully mixed with natural rubber and enable to reach the properties of our reference mix
Brisset, Hugues. "La rigidification : une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle des propriétés électroniques des systèmes conjugués linéaires." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0029.
Full textCouvertier, Marien. "Identification des paramètres inertiels segmentaires humains." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2323/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the identification of body segment inertial parameters (BSIP), i.e. the segment mass, center of mass location and inertia tensor. Those ten parameters per segment are a mandatory input for inverse kinetics methods which are widely used in biomechanics studies. Despite the fact that methods exist to estimate them from anthropometric tables or segment volumes measurements, identification is useful when subjects are atypical (such as disabled people, pregnant women or athletes with muscular hypertrophies). The originality of this work is to use a mixed approach to write the identification problem, combining a vectorial and a matrix formulations of rigid multi-body motion equations, based on previous work did in the RoBioSS axis by Tony Monnet during his PhD. The first one permit to identify segmental masses and center of mass locations. The second one identifies segmental inertia tensors.Inputs of identification algorithm are rotation matrices, their second derivatives, segmental accelerations, and external torsor. Even though this external torsor is directly measured with a force plate, the others inputs are derived from kinematics measurements performed by an optoelectronical device. This device measures kinematics with skin mounted markers tracked by cameras, and the obtained kinematics deviate from the theoretical kinematics of rigid bodies, because of the soft tissues artefacts. In order to deal with these artefacts an optimal rotation matrix computation, based on material transformation, has been performed.Also, noise appears during measurement because of the soft tissues artefacts and the measure device. When double numerical derivatives are applied, this noise becomes greater than the carrier signal. In order to deal with it, five filters, i.e. Butterworth filter, Savitsky-Golay smoothing, sliding average window, spline smoothing and singular spectrum analysis, taken from literature have been implemented and compared. Results show that BSIP identify from vectorial formulation didn’t need any filtering. On the other hand, inertia tensors identification needed smoothed inputs and the best way to smooth them was the sliding average window.Finally, a kinematic chain model of the upper limb has been implemented to rigidify the kinematics. Preliminary results aren’t satisfying but the chain model can be improved before assuming kinematic chain aren’t well suited to enhance BSIP identification. Ultimately, the developed mixed approach has been validated by upper limb inertial parameters identification of eighteen subjects. Identified inertial parameters have also been compared with ones estimated with an anthropometric table. The conclusion is that the identified parameters were very close to the estimated ones, which shows that identification will be reliable to estimate inertial parameters of atypical subjects for whom anthropometric tables aren’t available
Gassot, Hui Min. "Etudes de la stabilité mécanique des cavités supraconductrices et de la méthode de rigidification par projection thermique de cuivre." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001227.
Full textWang-Gassot, Huimin. "Etudes de la stabilité mécanique des cavités supraconductrices et de la méthode de rigidification par projection thermique de cuivre." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112314.
Full textToday's researche in nuclear physics and in particle physics needs high energy or high intensity accelerators; the use of superconducting cavities constitutes a very important technological advance for the design of such facilities, allowing high accelerating gradient with few dissipation. One of the major problems is the frequency shift under Lorentz forces : since the quality factor of the superconducting cavities is much higher than the external factor depending on the beam charge, their bandwidths are very narrow (several Hertz). Even very small mechanical deformations under Lorentz forces could induce a frequency shift which exceeeds the bandwidth when the accelerating gradient becomes very high. The contribution of this thesis consists at first in a numerical analysis of this problem, then in a mechanical study of a new method for stiffening superconducting cavities : a copper coating over their external surface by thermal spray techniques
Minard, Hélène. "Etude intégrée des processus d'hydratation, de coagulation, de rigidification et de prise pour un système C3S-C3A - sulfates - alcalins." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS049.
Full textThe aim of this work is to use a similar approach developed in Laboratory for the hydration and the setting of simple system : the tricalcium silicate or alite (the most important composant of Portland cement) to a system more complex, close to a real cement, composed of a mixture of pures phases : alite and tricalcium aluminate, which are added gypsum and alkalines. The hydration study, by isotherm microcalorimetry, of pastes of models mixtures shows that strong interactions exist between different constituants. The "mecanic yield of calcium hydrosilicates" notion allows the evaluation of the influence of constituants different from alite, on the elastic properties of pastes of mixtures. The mecanic yield of mixtures of alite and tricalcium aluminate increase in presence of gypsum and alkalines
Al-Qsous, Suha. "Purification et étude de l’expression d’une pectine méthylestérase de lin : rôle de cette isoforme dans la rigidification de la paroi." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES050.
Full textPectin methylesterases (PME, EC. 3. 1. 1. 11) are enzymes that demethoxylate pectins in the cell wall. Numerous PME isoforms exist in higher plants; these isoforms are known to play different roles in various developmental processes. Three genes (Lupme5, Lupme3 and Lupme1) encoding PME were isolated from flax (Linum usitatissimum) hypocotyls. We purified the mature LuPME5 isoform which was found to have a very basic isoelectric point (pI 9. 5) and a molecular mass of 35 kDa. In order to understand the possible roles of this isoform in the hypocotyls, we first performed a semi-quantitative RT-PCR in order to compare the expression levels of Lupme5 with Lupme3 and Lupme1. The expression of these genes was essayed in the different elongation and maturation zones of the hypocotyls of 4, 6 and 10 days old plants. The result showed that Lupme5 is the most expressed gene and that its expression profile could be correlated with the cell wall stiffening after elongation. A construct, containing a partial specific sequence of Lupme5 (in the antisense orientation) was introduced into flax genome. The antisense transformants displayed reduction in the levels of Lupme5 mRNA expression, crude PME activity and protein content. A slight increase in the degree of methylesterification of the cell wall was observed in the antisense constructs, indicating the functional efficiency of these constructs
Aly, Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa. "Physical and chemical kinetics of structural build-up of cement suspensions." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8958.
Full textRésumé : La structuration des matériaux cimentaires a un grand impact sur leur performance mécanique après le coulage. Par conséquent, la formulation des mélanges devrait être conçue afin d’adapter la cinétique de structuration conformément à l’application considérée. La structuration des suspensions à base des matériaux cimentaires est un phénomène complexe affecté par les deux processus physiques et chimiques. La cinétique de structuration est fortement liée à la formulation des mélanges, des paramètres d’essai et de l’historique du cisaillement. Une meilleure évaluation de ce phénomène est fonction du pré-cisaillement appliqué, afin d’obtenir un état complètement dispersé ainsi que la contrainte appliquée lors de la transition de l’état solide-liquide de la suspension. L'étude des mécanismes physiques et chimiques de la structuration des suspensions à base de ciment peut améliorer la compréhension fondamentale de ce phénomène. Ceci permettra un meilleur contrôle des propriétés rhéologiques en fonction du temps des matériaux cimentaires. Cette recherche porte sur l'utilisation de la rhéologie dynamique pour étudier la cinétique de structuration des pâtes de ciment à l’état frais. Le programme de recherche a été mené en trois phases différentes et complémentaires. La première phase a été consacrée à l'évaluation de l'efficacité de diverses techniques de cisaillement. Les profils de cisaillement étudiés inclus la rotation et l’oscillation et la combinaison des deux modes de cisaillement. Les états initiaux et finaux de la structure de suspension avant et après la dispersion ont été déterminées en appliquant un cisaillement oscillatoire de faible amplitude (SAOS). La différence entre les valeurs viscoélastiques avant et après la dispersion a été utilisé pour exprimer le degré de dispersion. Une technique efficace pour disperser les suspensions concentrées de ciment a été développée. La deuxième phase visait à établir une approche rhéologique afin de dissocier les mécanismes physiques et chimiques individuels de la structuration de pâte de ciment. En effet, la rhéomètrie dynamique non destructif a été utilisé pour étudier à la fois l’évolution du module élastique et de l'angle de phase des suspensions inertes à base de carbonates de calcium et des suspensions de ciment. Deux indices de structurations indépendantes ont été proposés. La structuration de différentes suspensions à base de ciment réalisées avec différentes teneurs en ciment, pourcentages de remplacement de fumée de silice, et dosages de superplastifiant a été évaluée en utilisant les indices proposés. Ces indices ont ensuite été comparés à l'indice de thixotropie bien connu (Athix.). En outre, les indices proposés ont été corrélés à la pression latérale déterminée pour différentes pâtes de ciment coulées dans une colonne sous pression de hauteur 1 m. Le protocole de pré-cisaillement et les indices de structuration proposés (Phases 1 et 2) ont ensuite été utilisés pour étudier l'effet des paramètres de formulation sur la cinétique de structuration dans la Phase 3. Les paramètres étudiés inclus ; la teneur et la finesse du ciment, la teneur en sulfate alcalin, et la température de la suspension de ciment. Le potentiel zêta, les mesures calorimétriques et spectrométriques ont été également réalisées afin d’étudier les changements microstructuraux correspondants dans les suspensions de ciment, tels que la cohésion entre les particules, le taux de floculation Brownien, et le taux de nucléation. Un modèle reliant les indices de structuration et les caractéristiques microstructurales a été développé afin de prédire le comportement de structuration des suspensions des matériaux cimentaires. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le cisaillement oscillatoire est plus efficace sur la dispersion de suspension de ciment concentré que le cisaillement rotationnel. Outre l'augmentation de la contrainte, le cisaillement induit permet d’améliorer la dispersion de la structure de suspension jusqu'à un point critique. Au-delà de cette valeur critique les effets épaississants dominent. Une méthode efficace de dispersion est ensuite proposée. Cette méthode consiste à appliquer un cisaillement rotationnel autour de la valeur de transition entre les variations linéaires et non linéaires de la viscosité apparente avec le taux de cisaillement, suivie d'un cisaillement oscillatoire à la contrainte de cisaillement croisée et la fréquence angulaire élevée de 100 rad/s. Analyser l’évolution des propriétés viscoélastiques des suspensions inertes de carbonates de calcium et de ciment ont permis de développer deux indices pour quantifier la structuration des suspensions de ciment. Le premier indice (le temps de percolation) représente le temps de repos nécessaire pour former le réseau élastique. Le deuxième indice (taux de rigidification) décrit la rigidification de la structure, i.e. sa capacité à supporter des contraintes. D’autre part, les résultats montrent que la combinaison du temps de percolation et du taux de rigidification permet de mieux comprendre le processus de structuration des suspensions de ciment. De ce fait, ces indices se sont avérés être bien corrélés avec la pression latérale de coffrage des suspensions à base de ciment. Les variations des indices de structuration proposés avec les paramètres de mélange ont montré que le temps de percolation est très probablement contrôlé par la fréquence des collisions Browniennes, la distance entre les particules dispersées, et l'intensité de la cohésion entre les particules de ciment. D'autre part, un taux plus élevé de rigidification peut être assuré en augmentant le nombre de points de contact par unité de volume de la pâte, le taux de nucléation d’hydrates de ciment et l'intensité de la cohésion inter-particulaire.
Icard, Arcizet Delphine. "Modifications mécaniques et biologiques induites dans des cellules en culture par application locale d'une force contrôlée." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188112.
Full textNous avons conçu un dispositif de pinces optiques contrôlées par une boucle de rétroaction, qui permet d'appliquer aux cellules une force locale constante, via des microbilles liées aux intégrines.
Nous pouvons ainsi mesurer la fonction de fluage de chaque cellule et en tirer une estimation de sa rigidité. Des observations simultanées en épifluorescence permettent par ailleurs d'évaluer les effets de l'application de la force sur la répartition d'actine locale.
Nous avons constaté que les cellules se rigidifient sous l'application prolongée d'une force, tout en gardant le même comportement rhéologique : une fonction de fluage en loi de puissance du temps, J(t) = At^(alpha), où A décroît aux temps longs. Cette rigidification est couplée à un recrutement d'actine au niveau des contacts et au sein du réseau cytsoquelettique (jusqu'à plusieurs µm du point d'application de la force). De plus, les dynamiques de ces deux phénomènes semblent fortement corrélées. Ce travail présente une évaluation de la dynamique de renforcement cellulaire sous contrainte, et ouvre des perspectives prometteuses vers l'élucidation des phénomènes intervenant dans la mécanotransduction.
Grasset, Eloïse. "La rigidification de la matrice extracellulaire et la voie de signalisation de l’EGFR coopèrent pour induire l’expansion des carcinomes squameux par la régulation du canal calcique CaV1." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4091/document.
Full textEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a rational target for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) anticancer therapies, nevertheless; only a subset of patients shows clinical benefits. I demonstrated a cooperation between EGFR signaling and extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness that could explain this phenomenon. I sought to resolve the molecular pathway underlying this cooperation in SCC proliferation and expansion in order to identify new pharmaceutical targets. Screening of pharmacological inhibitors, in an in vitro 3-D assay, identified verapamil and diltiazem, FDA approved L-type calcium channels inhibitors, as potent blockers of SCC invasion. Mechanistically, I revealed that tumor-derived ECM stiffness and EGFR signaling trigger increased of intracellular calcium through the L-type CaV1.1 channel in SCC. Blocking L-type calcium channels activity resulted in reduced SCC cells invasion and proliferation in vitro. More importantly, I also demonstrate a strong reduction in tumor development in two in vivo models, both head and neck patient derived xenograft and skin SCC mice model. Consequently, I suggest a repurpose of verapamil and diltiazem to anti-cancer agents
Garnier, Camille. "Rôle de la protéine MAP3K8 et impact de la rigidité dans les cancers ovariens sereux de haut grade." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC223/document.
Full textOvarian cancers, which develop in a silent manner in the peritoneal cavity, resulting in a late diagnosis and a poor prognosis, urgently require new therapeutic strategies. In this context, my thesis aimed at better characterize the physical and biological properties of the High Grade Serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), accounting for 75% of the tumours.First, we found that the protein MAP3K8 accumulates in HGSOC and is a potential prognostic marker for these tumours. We demonstrated that MAP3K8 controls cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating key players in Gl/S transition and adhesion dynamics. Importantly, we highlighted that MAP3K8 function is mainly mediated by the MEK pathway, and exhibits a predictive potential for MEK inhibitors, defining them as a promising therapeutic option, in combination with conventional therapy, for HGSOC patients.In a second part of my thesis, we showed that tumor stiffness is increased during tumor growth in HGSOC presenting a "Fibrosis" molecular signature. Moreover, tumor stiffening is associated with high stromal content and remodeling of the collagen network. Interestingly, the MEK kinase was specifically activated upon tumor stiffening. Furthermore, tumor stiffness accompanies a glycolytic metabolic switch, restricted to the central part of stiff tumors. Indeed, the periphery of stiff tumors remains softer than the central part with stromal cells secreting high levels of collagens and showing an OXPHOS metabolism. Thus, tumor stiffness could be at the crossroad of three major processes, i.e. matrix remodeling, MEK activation and stromal metabolic switch, that might explain, at least in part, the progression of HGSOC
Jermann, Christophe. "Résolution de contraintes géométriques par rigidifications récursive et propagation d'intervalles." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00505433.
Full textFerreira, Antonio Jorge. "Modèles intègres dérivés et ses applications à l'étude de certains espaces des modules rigides analytiques dérivés." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30040.
Full textIn this thesis, we study different aspects of derived k-analytic geometry. Namely, we extend the theory of classical formal models for rigid k-analytic spaces to the derived setting. Having a theory of derived formal models at our disposal we proceed to study certain applications such as the representability of derived Hilbert stack in the derived k-analytic setting. We construct a moduli stack of derived k-adic representations of profinite spaces and prove its geometricity as a derived k-analytic stack. Under certain hypothesis we show the existence of a natural shifted symplectic structure on it. Our main applications is to study pro-étale k-adic local systems on smooth schemes in positive characteristic. Finally, we study at length an analytic analogue (both over the field of complex numbers C and over a non-archimedean field k) of the structured algebraic HKR, proved by Toen and Vezzosi
Glaser, Radek. "Experimental investigations of magnetic and magneto-rheological materials and their rigidification properties /." 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/theses.asp?highlight=1&Cmd=abstract&ID=MEE2009-001.
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