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Journal articles on the topic 'Ring beam'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Xiang, Wei Ming, Xian Chang Zheng, Kai Peng Shen, and Ming Zhou. "Design of Broad-Columns Joint and Analysis of Stress for Top-down Construction Method of Underground Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1214.

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According to the force problems caused by changing of structure forms of broad-column joints when using top-down construction method, this paper introduces the process of top-down construction method and design method of broad-column joint, using finite element software to analyze the stress of ring beam around broad-column joint, which is verified that adopting ring beam is safety and reliable, ring beam can transfer load and bear moment effectively, the strength of outsourcing column will be checked, finally it summarizes the characteristics of ring beam using top-down construction method.

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2

Katayama, T., A. Itano, A. Noda, M. Takanaka, S. Yamada, and Y. Hirao. "Design study of a heavy ion fusion driver, HIBLIC." Laser and Particle Beams 3, no. 1 (1985): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600001221.

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A heavy ion fusion (HIF) system, named HIBLIC (Heavy Ion Beam and LIthium Curtain) is conceptually designed. The driver system consists of RF linacs (RFQ linacs, IH linacs and Alvarez linacs), storage rings (one accumulator ring and three buncher rings) and beam transport lines with induction beam compressors. This accelerator complex provides 6 beams of 15 GeV208Pb1+ ions to be focused simultaneously on a target. Each beam carries 1·78 kA current with 25 ns pulse duration, i.e., the total incident energy on the target is 4 MJ, 160 TW per shot. Superconducting coils are used in most parts of the magnet system to reduce power consumption.

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3

Xu, Hai Yong. "Numerical Analysis of Top Ring Beam for Foundation Pit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1137.

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The research and application condition of top ring beam for the foundation pit engineering is introduced. A 3D finite element model of row piles and top ring beam is calculated and several major parameters of the beams are discussed. On the basic of the FEM results, a simplified method is proposed to calculate the equivalent stiffness of the beam in a typical design profile for practical engineering.

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4

Anupama, P. N., Mathew Anu, and Kavya K. Kumar. "Numerical Analysis of Through-Beam Connection between CFST Column and RC Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.159.

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The concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns consist of steel tube in-filled with concrete. The connections are the most important components of a CFST column and reinforced concrete beam structural system, since it combines the beams and the columns. In this paper, a through-beam ring connection for strengthening the joint between CFST column and RC beam is modeled using the finite element software package ANSYS and analysed the axial compressive behavior of the connection system. The numerical model is validated with the results available in the literature to confirm the structural efficiency of the ring beam connection system.

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5

Ma Xue, 马. 学., 李. 琦. Li Qi, and 鲁建业 Lu Jianye. "Caussian beam shaping terahertz Gaussian beam to ring beam." Infrared and Laser Engineering 46, no. 5 (2017): 525002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201746.0525002.

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6

Fotiadi, Andrei A., and Patrice Mégret. "Perfect ring-like beam." Nature Photonics 6, no. 4 (2012): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2012.54.

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7

Al-Thabhawee, Hayder Wafi Ali, and Muslim Abdul-Ameer Al-Kannoon. "Improving Behavior of Castellated Beam by Adding Spacer Plat and Steel Rings." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 4 (2018): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i4.810.

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Castellated steel beams are those members which are made from hot rolled steel I-section firstly by cutting the web in zigzag pattern and rejoining the two halves by welding together to form a hexagonal castellated beam such that the depth of section will be increased. Generally, the openings made in the web are with hexagonal shape; however, octagonal shape of web openings is typically obtained by providing spacer plate which is utilized to increase the depth of beam. Nowadays, using castellated beams in building construction becomes very popular because of their useful functions such as ease of service provision, strength and low cost. This study focuses on improving the behavior of hexagonal and octagonal castellated beam with spacer plate. The ultimate strength of the original (parent) I- section beam increases due to the increasing its depth. The increment of castellated beam depth; however, leads to post buckling in its web and to many other modes of failure when these beams are subjected for loading. Hexagonal and octagonal castellated beams which are fabricated using parent I-section (IPN140) are analyzed using finite element model (FEM).The analysis results revealed that using ring stiffeners around edge of holes contributes effectively in strengthening the web. It was found that using ring steel stiffeners can reduce the stress concentration around the edge of holes and improve the behavior of these beams by increasing the ultimate strength and minimizing the deflection. From the numerical (FEM) results obtained by using ANSYS14, it is concluded that ultimate strength of castellated beam can be improved by providing spacer plate and ring stiffeners around the web hole. Also, the results showed that ultimate strength of octagonal castellated steel beam can be increased up to (53%) more than the parent beam (IPN140) with providing only (13.0%) weight of steel (spacer plate plus ring steel stiffeners).

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8

Wang, D., P. Bambade, T. Naito, K. Yokoya, and J. Gao. "Beam halo study on the electron storage ring." Laser and Particle Beams 35, no. 2 (2017): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034617000246.

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AbstractHalo distribution is a key topic for background study. This paper has developed an analytical method to give an estimation of beam halo distribution in storage rings. This is a creative new theory. As an example, the equilibrium particle distribution of the beam tail in the Accelerator Test Facility damping ring is calculated analytically with different emittance and different vacuum degree. The analytical results agree the measurements very well. This is a general method, which can be applied to any electron rings.

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9

Zhang, Yuan. "Beam–beam effects of single ring and partial double ring scheme in CEPC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 33 (2016): 1644015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16440152.

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After the Higgs discovery, it is believed that a circular [Formula: see text] collider could serve as a Higgs factory. The high energy physics community in China launched a study of a 50–100 km ring collider. A preliminary conceptual design report (Pre-CDR) has been published in early 2015. This report is based on a 54-km ring design. Some progress on beam–beam effect study after Pre-CDR is shown in the paper. We estimate the beamstrahlung lifetime using a pure strong–strong code as a comparison with the result obtained using a quasi-strong–strong method. The effect of parasitic crossing in the pretzel scheme is also estimated for the very first time. The feasibility of the main parameters for partial double ring scheme are evaluated from the point view of beam–beam interaction.

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10

Al-Thabhawee, Hayder W., and Abbas A. Mohammed. "Reinforcing the Octagonal Web Openings of Castellated Beam by Steel Rings." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 12, no. 1 (2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v12i1.581.

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Castellated steel beams are section steel members with hexagonal or octagonal web openings which they are made from standard hot rolled steel section I or H. The main advantage of these members is their economic material. An additional important advantage is a possibility to guide service ducts through the openings. The presence of the web openings influences the members’ failure behavior around the openings, new local failure modes will come into existence, such as the buckling of the web post between the openings, or yielding around the openings. Castellated beams with octagonal openings usually fail due to web post-buckling because of the increase in depth. The current study focused on improving the behavior of the castellated beam with octagonal openings using steel ring stiffener and adjusting the best dimension and distribution for the stiffeners. All the models of specimens have been fabricated from a parent I section (IPE 140). The models have been modeled and analyzed using finite element software ANSYS (version 15). The analysis results showed that reinforcing octagonal castellated beams by adding steel ring stiffeners around octagonal web opening was very active way to increase the ultimate load for long span, where the ultimate load of reinforced octagonal castellated beam increased up to (286%) compared with parent I-section beam. Economically, the percentage of additional steel material which used to expansion and reinforce the castellated beams (spacer plate and steel ring stiffeners) was (36%) when compared with the weight of parent I-section beam. While the allowable load at deflection (L/180) was (260 %) compared to the allowable load of parent section at the same deflection. The gained benefit was increasing the ultimate and allowable load of reinforced octagonal castellated beams by (186%) and (160%) respectively by using additional steel material only (36%) from the weight of parent I- section, which the additional steel material consisted from the spacer plates and steel rings. Also, the results indicate that the best dimensions for the ring were when thickness equal to the web thickness of the parent section and the width equal to the half of the parent section flange width.

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11

Oide, Katsunobu, and Kaoru Yokoya. "Beam-beam collision scheme for storage-ring colliders." Physical Review A 40, no. 1 (1989): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.40.315.

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12

Hirata, Kohji, and Eberhard Keil. "Barycentre motion of beams due to beam-beam interaction in asymmetric ring colliders." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 292, no. 1 (1990): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)91744-v.

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13

Berry, M. V., M. R. Jeffrey, and J. G. Lunney. "Conical diffraction: observations and theory." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2070 (2006): 1629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1680.

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Conical refraction was produced by a transparent biaxial crystal of KGd(WO 4 ) 2 illuminated by a laser beam. The ring patterns at different distances from the crystal were magnified and projected onto a screen, giving rings whose diameter was 265 mm. Comparison with theory revealed all predicted geometrical and diffraction features: close to the crystal, there are two bright rings of internal conical refraction, separated by the Poggendorff dark ring; secondary diffraction rings decorate the inner bright ring; as the distance from the crystal increases, the inner bright ring condenses onto an axial spot surrounded by diffraction rings. The scales of these features were measured and agreed well with paraxial theory; this involves a single dimensionless parameter ρ 0 , defined as the radius of the rings emerging from the crystal divided by the width of the incident beam. The different features emerge clearly in the asymptotic limit ρ 0 ≫1; in these experiments, ρ 0 =60.

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14

Okayama, Hideaki. "Ring Light Beam Deflector: Theory." Optical Review 10, no. 4 (2003): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-003-0283-5.

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15

Tang, Yue, Walter Perrie, David Rico Sierra, et al. "Laser–Material Interactions of High-Quality Ultrashort Pulsed Vector Vortex Beams." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (2021): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040376.

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Diffractive multi-beams based on 1 × 5 and 2 × 2 binary Dammann gratings applied to a spatial light modulator (SLM) combined with a nanostructured S-wave plate have been used to generate uniform multiple cylindrical vector beams with radial and azimuthal polarizations. The vector quality factor (concurrence) of the single vector vortex beam was found to be C = 0.95 ± 0.02, hence showing a high degree of vector purity. The multi-beams have been used to ablate polished metal samples (Ti-6Al-4V) with laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), which confirm the polarization states unambiguously. The measured ablation thresholds of the ring mode radial and azimuthal polarizations are close to those of a Gaussian mode when allowance is made for the expected absolute intensity distribution of a ring beam generated from a Gaussian. In addition, ring mode vortex beams with varying orbital angular momentum (OAM) exhibit the same ablation threshold on titanium alloy. Beam scanning with ring modes for surface LIPSS formation can increase micro-structuring throughput by optimizing fluence over a larger effective beam diameter. The comparison of each machined spot was analysed with a machine learning method—cosine similarity—which confirmed the degree of spatial uniformity achieved, reaching cosθ > 0.96 and 0.92 for the 1 × 5 and 2 × 2 arrays, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and white light surface profiling were used to characterize and quantify the effects of surface modification.

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16

Träbert, E. "Precise atomic lifetime measurements with stored ion beams and ion traps." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 12 (2002): 1481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-123.

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For many years, atomic lifetime measurements on multiply-charged ions have been done almost exclusively by beam-foil spectroscopy. For low ion charges, however, spin-changing "intercombination" transitions have a rate that renders them too slow for traditional fast-beam techniques. Here ion traps and fast-ion beams have been combined in the concept of heavy-ion storage rings. These devices have permitted not only an extension of intercombination lifetime measurements down to singly charged ions, but they also facilitated similar measurements on electric-dipole forbidden transitions. The electron-beam ion trap (EBIT) complements the storage-ring work for work on highly charged ions. Achievements, technical issues, and prospects are outlined. PACS Nos.: 32.70Cs, 32.30Jc, 34.50Fa

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17

Hirata, Kohji, and Eberhard Keil. "Coherent beam-beam interaction limit in asymmetric ring colliders." Physics Letters B 232, no. 3 (1989): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90766-1.

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18

Schuchman, J. C. "Vacuum Systems for Synchrotron Light Sources." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 7 (1990): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400059236.

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Synchrotron light sources are electron storage rings that produce synchrotron radiation by accelerating electrons in a circular storage ring. The synchrotron light (photon beam) is then used to irradiate various sample materials for basic and applied research in such fields as solid state physics, biology, chemistry, surface science, and technology.The electron storage ring must provide an ultrahigh vacuum environment for the electron beam to minimize electron residual gas collision which would shorten the beam-lifetime. This article will discuss the design of electron storage ring vacuum systems and materials, and how the choice of materials can affect the machine design.A typical electron storage ring is shown in Figure 1. It consists of an injector (linac and booster), transport system, storage rings, and experimental photon beam lines. These machines vary in size from a few meters in circumference for a compact light source used for x-ray lithography, to a few hundred meters in circumference for high energy physics.The vacuum system for an electron storage ring is an all-metal ultrahigh vacuum system. The operating pressure is in the low 10−9 torr range with stored electron beam, and 10−10 torr without beam.Certain unique vacuum problems must be faced in electron storage ring design: photon-stimulated gas desorption, power dissipation in the chamber walls, impedance changes due to changes in the chamber cross section, conductance limitations, accurate placement of the chamber, and all of those sundry problems associated with a large bake-able all-metal UHV system. Some of these characteristics are illustrated schematically in Figure 2. Two excellent papers that address many of these issues have been written by N. Mistry (system design) and H. Wiedemen (impedances and instabilities).

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19

Yuan, Kang, Ying Min Li, and Bo Kang. "Seismic Performance Analysis on Single-Storey Masonry House with Sliding Damping Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1629.

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This paper presents a technology of sliding damping which could resist ground frost heaving. In the technology, setting the low-grade mortar bond of the upper and lower ring beams to achieve slip shock absorption, and setting the rubber beams to achieve shear deformation limiting. By rubber beam shear performance test, the shear strength of the rubber beam has been acquired. In the paper, the finite element software has been adopted to simulate the seismic performances of common wall and sliding damping wall structures under low cyclic reversed loading, the hysteretic curves between the bottom shear and the top displacement of the walls. The research results show that sliding damping ring beam has the very good function on dissipating seismic energy and reducing seismic action.

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20

Sayed, Hisham Kamal, S. A. Bogacz, and G. Krafft. "Design studies for the next generation electron ion colliders." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 09 (2014): 1450053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14500535.

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The next generation Electron Ion Collider (EIC) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB) utilizes a figure-8 shaped ion and electron rings. EIC has the ability to preserve the ion polarization during acceleration, where the electron ring matches in footprint with a figure-8 ion ring. The electron ring is designed to deliver a highly polarized high luminous electron beam at interaction point (IP). The main challenges of the electron ring design are the chromaticity compensation and maintaining high beam polarization of 70% at all energies 3–11 GeV without introducing transverse orbital coupling before the IP. The very demanding detector design limits the minimum distance between the final focus quadrupole and the interaction point to 3.5 m which results in a large β function inside the final focus quadrupoles leading to increased beam chromaticity. In this paper, we present a novel chromaticity compensation scheme that mitigates IP chromaticity by a compact chromaticity compensation section with multipole magnet components. In addition, a set of spin rotators are utilized to manipulate the polarization vector of the electron beam in order to preserve the beam polarization. The spin rotator solenoids introduce undesired coupling between the horizontal and vertical betatron motion of the beam. We introduce a compact and modular orbit decoupling insert that can fit in the limited space of the straight section in the figure-8 ring. We show a numerical study of the figure-8 ring design with the compact straight section, which includes the interaction region, chromaticity compensation section, and the spin rotators, the figure-8 design performance is evaluated with particle tracking.

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21

LEHRACH, A., K. BONGARDT, B. LORENTZ, et al. "BEAM DYNAMICS OF THE HIGH-ENERGY STORAGE RING (HESR) FOR FAIR." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 02 (2009): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830130901246x.

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The High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the future International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI in Darmstadt is planned as an antiproton storage ring in the momentum range from 1.5 to 15 GeV/c.1,2 The HESR is being designed and built by a consortium consisting of IKP at Forschungszentrum Jülich, TSL at Uppsala University, and GSI Darmstadt. An important feature of this new facility is the combination of phase-space cooled beams and thick internal targets (e.g. pellet targets) which results in demanding beam parameter requirements for two operation modes: high luminosity mode with peak luminosities of up to 2 · 1032 cm -2 s -1 and high resolution mode with a relative momentum spread in the order of a few times 10-5. To reach these beam parameters one needs a very powerful phase-space cooling utilizing high-energy electron cooling and high-bandwidth stochastic cooling. In this paper different beam dynamics issues like closed orbit correction, performance of cooled beams interacting with internal targets and luminosity considerations are discussed.

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22

Mohri, A. "Intense relativistic electron beam ring (SPAC)." Nuclear Fusion 25, no. 9 (1985): 1299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/25/9/052.

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23

Okayama, Hideaki. "Phase Control: Ring Light Beam Deflector." Optics and Photonics News 14, no. 12 (2003): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.14.12.000029.

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24

Kudo, Hirofumi, Toshiya Nagatsuka, Kenji Shinoe, et al. "Beam position control of SOR‐RING." Review of Scientific Instruments 66, no. 2 (1995): 1916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145823.

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25

Kasuga, T., H. Yonehara, T. Kinoshita, and M. Hasumoto. "Beam Properties of UVSOR Storage Ring." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 32, no. 5 (1985): 2550–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1985.4333976.

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26

Liu, Houquan, Hongchang Deng, Shijie Deng, Chuanxin Teng, Ming Chen, and Libo Yuan. "Vortex Beam Encoded All-Optical Logic Gates Based on Nano-Ring Plasmonic Antennas." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (2019): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121649.

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Vortex beam encoded all-optical logic gates are suggested to be very important in future information processing. However, within current logic devices, only a few are encoded by using vortex beams and, in these devices, some space optical elements with big footprints (mirror, dove prism and pentaprism) are indispensable components, which is not conducive to device integration. In this paper, an integrated vortex beam encoded all-optical logic gate based on a nano-ring plasmonic antenna is proposed. In our scheme, by defining the two circular polarization states of the input vortex beams as the input logic states and the normalized intensity of the plasmonic field at the center of the nano-ring as the output logic states, OR and AND (NOR and NAND) logic gates are realized when two 1st (1st) order vortex beams are chosen as the two input signals; and a NOT logic gate is obtained when one 1st order vortex beam is chosen as the input signal. In addition, by defining the two linear polarization states (x and y polarization) of the input vortex beams as the two input logic states, an XNOR logic gate is realized when two 1st order vortex beams are chosen as the two input signals.

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27

Hwang, Il-Moon, Eun-San Kim, and Moohyun Yoon. "Strong–Strong Beam–Beam Simulation for a Muon-Collider Ring." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 40, Part 1, No. 12 (2001): 7140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.40.7140.

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28

Grosse-Wiesmann, P. "Colliding a linear electron beam with a storage ring beam." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 274, no. 1-2 (1989): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)90360-4.

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29

Xing, Ji Chun, and Li Zhong Xu. "Study on in-Plane Bending Vibration of a Combined Ring-Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.319.

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This paper puts forward a method to calculate the natural frequencies and the mode functions of in-plane bending vibration of the ring-beam. The combined ring-beam is separated into two independent structures—a ring and a beam. Through the continuity conditions, two independent structures are coupled. This paper gives the bending vibration mode functions of the beam and in-plane bending vibration mode functions of the ring, and analyzes the effect of the structural parameters on the natural frequencies sensitivity.

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30

Sudan, R. N. "Inertial confinement fusion with magnetically compressed ion rings." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 2 (1993): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600004997.

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Ballistic propagation and focusing of intense light-ion beams requires (1) close limits on allowable beam divergence (∼5 mrad) and (2) gas-filled magnetic lenses that must function effectively even if deleterious self-fields are generated during the passage of the beam through the lens. An alternative to ballistic focusing was suggested some years ago in which magnetically compressed light-ion rings capable of delivering 3–4 MJ in a pulse of ∼1 ns are transported to the target in a tube. This concept is reexamined in light of recent work on the creation of ion rings and magnetic compression of stabilized liners. The physics issues of (1) magnetic compression, (2) transport of ion rings in a tube, and (3) the interaction of the ring with the target will be explored to evaluate the feasibility of this scheme.

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31

Zhang, Zhi Wei, Rong Gui Deng, and Ze Shuo Chen. "Study on Effect of Excavation Depth on Internal Force of Retaining Structure of Arc Row Piles with Arc Ring Beam on the Pile Top." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.762.

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In order to control deformation of foundation pit effectively and guarantee safety of building around, utilizing the stress characteristics of arch, use the new spatial retaining structure of arc row piles with arc ring beam on the pile top. The arc ring beam can provide constraint to pile top, so internal force of pile body distribution is uniform, and improve the integrity stability of piles. The ring beam with compression mainly can give use of high compression capability of concrete. According to the high order statically indeterminate characteristics of the retaining structure, calculation model of ring beam and pile respectively is established by the redundant forces between beam and pile top. By using deformation compatibility to set up flexibility equation of the retaining structure, and solve the redundant forces, then calculate the internal force and displacement of ring beam and piles. Through calculating the practical engineering, research the effect of excavation depth on internal force and displacement of piles and the arc ring beam on the pile top.

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32

Pan, Dan H., and Ulf Arne Girhammar. "Effect of Ring Beam Stiffness on Behaviour of Reticulated Timber Domes." International Journal of Space Structures 20, no. 3 (2005): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026635105775213818.

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Domes are efficient structural systems for long clear-span buildings. The introduction of laminated timber highlighted the economic advantages of this material and led to the use of timber domes even for very large spans. In this paper, reticulated timber domes of triangular network shape with decking and bottom tension ring are considered. These types of domes have high stiffness in all directions along the surface and are kinematically stable. The dome is subjected to uniformly distributed load over the entire structure. The dome model is generated with a preprocessor program called DOME-IN and analysed with ABAQUS. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the behaviour of reticulated timber domes with respect to different stiffnesses of the bottom ring beam, here defined as a non-dimensional ring beam area parameter Ar*, which is shown to be a very well adapted design parameter for the ring beam. As far as global buckling is concerned, the critical pressure is sensitive to the bottom ring beam stiffness only if the latter is within a certain range. In terms of design, the stiffness of the ring beam should exceed A* > 2 in order to utilise the full buckling load capacity of the dome system itself. The maximum deflection, normal forces and bending moments versus the ring beam area parameter are also evaluated. The maximum values of the deflection and the internal actions next to the bottom ring are very sensitive to the bottom ring beam stiffness only if the latter is less than about Ar* < 10. A recommended value for the design of the bottom ring beam is A* > 20.

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33

Shuzhen Nie, Shuzhen Nie, Jin Yu Jin Yu, Gang Yu Gang Yu, Qiaofeng Tan Qiaofeng Tan, and Zhongwei Fan Zhongwei Fan. "Generation of concentric multi-ring laser beam pattern with dif ferent intensity distribution." Chinese Optics Letters 11, s2 (2013): S20501–320503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.s20501.

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34

Bock, R. "German heavy-ion ICF activities: Status and prospects." Laser and Particle Beams 8, no. 4 (1990): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008995.

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The main goals of the German program are the study of key issues of inertial fusion with intense beams of heavy ions. The completion of the new heavy-ion synchrotron and storage ring facility SIS/ESR at GSI opens new directions for experimental investigations on beam dynamics at high intensity and on beam/target interaction. In addition, new accelerator scenarios will be investigated based on non-Liouvillean beam-handling techniques.

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35

Bassi, Gabriele, and Jüri Tagger. "Longitudinal beam dynamics with a higher-harmonic cavity for bunch lengthening." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 36 (2019): 1942040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19420405.

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We discuss the longitudinal beam dynamics in storage rings in the presence of a higher-harmonic cavity (HHC) system for bunch lengthening. First, we review the general conditions for HHC operations, both in active or passive modes, assuming the stability of the system. For uniform filling patterns, a distinction is made between operations with a normal-conducting HHC, where optimal conditions for bunch lengthening can be satisfied, and operations with a super-conducting HHC, where optimal conditions can be met only approximately. Second, we discuss the option to operate the NSLS-II storage ring with a passive, super-conducting third harmonic cavity (3HC) system. The stability and performance of the system in the presence of a gap in the uniform filling, which corresponds to the present mode of operation of the NSLS-II storage ring, is investigated with self-consistent Vlasov–Fokker–Planck simulations performed with the code SPACE. [G. Bassi, A. Blednykh and V. Smaluk, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 024401 (2016).]

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Sultan, H. A., Qusay M. A. Hassan, H. Bakr, Ahmed S. Al-Asadi, D. H. Hashim, and C. A. Emshary. "Thermal-induced nonlinearities in rose, linseed, and chamomile oils using continuous wave visible laser beam." Canadian Journal of Physics 96, no. 2 (2018): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0385.

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Self-diffraction rings or spatial self-phase modulation were observed in rose, linseed, and chamomile oils under 473 nm continuous wave laser irradiation. The measurements were performed by propagating the laser beam through a cell containing each sample. The number of rings as well as diameter of the outer-most ring in each pattern obtained increases monotonically with increasing input power. The diffraction ring patterns are theoretically simulated using Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral in the case of an optically thin medium. The experimental and simulation results show that when a laser beam with Gaussian profile is transmitted through an oil medium, a series of circular diffraction rings forms in the intensity distribution pattern in the far-field. The nonlinear refractive index, n2, was determined from the number of observed rings and by the Z-scan technique. The results obtained from self-diffraction rings experiment and Z-scan are compared and analyzed for the three different oils. A large value was obtained of the order of n2 = 1.32 × l0−6 cm2/W for chamomile oil using the diffraction ring pattern technique. This large nonlinearity is attributed to a thermal effect resulting from linear absorption. Moreover, the optical limiting characteristics of rose, linseed, and chamomile oils were investigated.

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Wu, Jun-Mo, Xue Lei, Dong-fang Zhou, Lei Hou, and Hong-wei Chen. "Design of Ring-Focus Elliptical Beam Reflector Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9615064.

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A new method for the design of elliptical beam reflector antenna is presented in this paper. By means of the basic principles of ring-focus antenna, a circularly symmetric feed and two specially shaped reflectors are used to form an elliptical beam antenna. Firstly, the design process of this ring-focus elliptical beam antenna is studied in detail. Transition function is defined and used in the design process. Then, combining the needs of practical engineering, a ring-focus elliptical beam reflector antenna is manufactured and tested. The gain at center frequency (12 GHz) is 37.7 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 74.6%. 3 dB beam-width inφ=0°andφ=90°plane is2.6°and1.4°, respectively. Ratio of the elliptical beam (ratio of 3 dB beam-width inφ=0°andφ=90°plane) is2.6/1.4=1.85, substantially equal to designed ratio 2. Simulating and testing results match well, which testify the effectiveness of this design method.

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Honda, T., M. Katoh, T. Mitsuhashi, A. Ueda, M. Tadano, and Y. Kobayashi. "Single-pass BPM system of the Photon Factory storage ring." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (1998): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597015094.

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At the 2.5 GeV ring of the Photon Factory, a single-pass beam-position monitor (BPM) system is being prepared for the storage ring and the beam transport line. In the storage ring, the injected beam position during the first several turns can be measured with a single injection pulse. The BPM system has an adequate performance, useful for the commissioning of the new low-emittance lattice. Several stripline BPMs are being installed in the beam transport line. The continuous monitoring of the orbit in the beam transport line will be useful for the stabilization of the injection energy as well as the injection beam orbit.

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Xiong, Xue Yu, Rong Jun Xue, Sen Zhang, and Li Jun Wang. "The Finite Element Analysis on Seismic Performance of Ring Beam and Constructional Column with Different Storey in Masonry Building." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1016.

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The masonry building takes a majority of town housings in these areas. Unlike the experimental study, the Finite Element Analysis is an important part for better comprehension of the finite element method and can reduce the investment and manpower. The aim of this paper is to simulate the structural response from the variety of masonry buildings under earthquake excitations by using finite element software called ABAQUS. There are four models of the masonry building with different storey, which include the one without constructional column and ring beam, with constructional column only, with ring beam only and with constructional column and ring beam simultaneously. In the process of modeling, we adopt the integrated model and regard walls, constructional columns, slabs and steels as homogenous continuums. Furthermore, we adopt concrete damaged plasticity material model to simulate the material of building and input El Centro earthquake wave N-S component. The result of analysis shows that setting ring beams or constructional columns can significantly improve the integrity of the building and reduce the mises stress on foundation. The result of analysis has a significant guidance on masonry building construction in seismic region.

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Wang, Dou, Xiaohao Cui, Cai Meng, et al. "Design and beam dynamics of CEPC damping ring system." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 22 (2021): 2142006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21420069.

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A damping ring system which includes a small 1.1 GeV ring and two transport lines is introduced in CEPC linac in order to reduce the transverse emittance of positron beam at the end of linac and hence reduce the beam loss in the booster. This paper introduces the parameter choice and optics study of damping ring. The corresponding instability effect and IBS effect are also checked to make sure the design current and design emittance can be realized. Except for damping ring, two transport lines are needed to match the parameters between linac and damping ring. Both designs for energy compressor and bunch compressor including beam simulations are discussed in this paper.

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Cheng, Xian Feng. "Construction Skill of a Special-Shaped Column with Gradient Section in a Certain Project." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2787.

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The whole roof system of a certain stadium supports the ring beam. Load is transmitted to lower structures through the special-shaped column of a ring beam. This article introduces the positioning alignment, design and construction of the formwork supporting frame as well as other construction skills of a special-shaped column with a gradient section under the curve ring beam.

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Molian, P. A., and A. K. Mathur. "Laser Heat Treatment of Cast Irons—Optimization of Process Variables, Part II." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 108, no. 3 (1986): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3225874.

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ASTM class 40 gray and 80-55-06 ductile cast irons were surface heat-treated by a 1.2-kW, CO2 laser to study the effects of square and oscillating-gaussian beam modes on case depth, coverage rate, distortion, hardness, and microstructure. The results were compared with that of ring and gaussian beam modes, which were described in Part I. Square and oscillating beams maximized case depth and coverage rate, while ring and gaussian beams minimized distortion. Hardness and microstructure of heat-treated layers were unaffected by the beam mode. For given laser parameters, ductile iron always exhibited larger case depth and coverage rate than gray iron because of the lower thermal diffusivity. Experimental data and theoretical models indicated that thermal response of a material to laser power cannot be described by a simple function as given by heat conduction models and that the best correlating factor for case depth is P/V (P is laser power, V is scan rate).

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Wu, R. Q., W. Zhang, and K. Behdinan. "Vibration Frequency Analysis of Beam–Ring Structure for Circular Deployable Truss Antenna." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 02 (2019): 1950012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419500123.

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The circular truss antenna of the large aperture is considered to be a flexible structure which may cause vibration in space and may affect its performance. The frequency analysis of the circular truss antenna is an important problem for understanding its vibration mechanism. In this paper, we investigate the frequency characteristics of a beam–ring structure which is proposed for the first time to model the circular truss antenna in the case of the antenna expended and locked. Based on describing the displacements of the beam–ring system in detail, the kinetic energy and potential energy are calculated. The partial differential governing equations of motion and boundary conditions for the beam–ring structure are derived by Hamilton principle. From the linear parts of the governing equations of motion and the corresponding boundary conditions, the linear frequencies of the beam–ring structure are theoretically obtained. The effects of the physical parameters on the frequency characteristics of the beam–ring structure are studied, which are further verified by the numerical results. The finding phenomena of this paper are helpful for designing and controlling the beam–ring structure such as the circular truss antenna.

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Weisskopf, Adrian, David Tarazona, and Martin Berz. "Computation and consequences of high order amplitude- and parameter-dependent tune shifts in storage rings for high precision measurements." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 36 (2019): 1942011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19420119.

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Nonlinear effects of the various electric field and magnetic field components of storage rings to confine the particles and bend their trajectory can cause substantial amplitude-dependent tune shifts within the beam. Furthermore, tune shifts are often sensitive to variations of system parameters, e.g. total particle momentum offsets [Formula: see text]. Such amplitude- and parameter-dependent tune shifts influence the dynamics and stability of a beam in particle storage rings. Thus, it is critical for high precision measurements to analyze and understand these influences. On this basis, we present normal form methods for the calculation of high order amplitude and system parameter dependencies of the horizontal and vertical tunes in storage rings using the differential algebra (DA) framework within COSY INFINITY. A storage ring is simulated using COSY INFINITY to generate a DA Poincaré return map describing the transverse phase space behavior after each revolution in the storage ring. The map is expanded around the parameter-dependent closed orbit of the system before transforming the resulting map into normal form coordinates to extract the high order tune dependencies on the phase space amplitude and variation in the system parameters. As a specific example, a storage ring similar to the Storage Ring of the Muon [Formula: see text]-2 Experiment at Fermilab (E989) is investigated.

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Nagaoka, Ryutaro, and Karl L. F. Bane. "Collective effects in a diffraction-limited storage ring." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 5 (2014): 937–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514015215.

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This paper gives an overview of collective effects that are likely to appear and possibly limit the performance in a diffraction-limited storage ring (DLSR) that stores a high-intensity ultra-low-emittance beam. Beam instabilities and other intensity-dependent effects that may significantly impact the machine performance are covered. The latter include beam-induced machine heating, Touschek scattering, intra-beam scattering, as well as incoherent tune shifts. The general trend that the efforts to achieve ultra-low emittance result in increasing the machine coupling impedance and the beam sensitivity to instability is reviewed. The nature of coupling impedance in a DLSR is described, followed by a series of potentially dangerous beam instabilities driven by the former, such as resistive-wall, TMCI (transverse mode coupling instability), head–tail and microwave instabilities. In addition, beam-ion and CSR (coherent synchrotron radiation) instabilities are also treated. Means to fight against collective effects such as lengthening of the bunch with passive harmonic cavities and bunch-by-bunch transverse feedback are introduced. Numerical codes developed and used to evaluate the machine coupling impedance, as well as to simulate beam instability using the former as inputs are described.

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Kirilenko, M. S., and S. N. Khonina. "Investigation of the topological charge stability for multi-ringed Laguerre–Gauss vortex beams to random distortions." Computer Optics 43, no. 4 (2019): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2019-43-4-567-576.

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We performed a comparative numerical study of the conservation of properties of individual Laguerre-Gauss beams and their superpositions in a random environment. The simulation is based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. Studies have shown that increasing the number of rings of Laguerre-Gauss modes with the same vortex order allows one to increase the ratio of the energy of the minimum informative coefficient to the energy of the maximum parasitic coefficient, which is important when detecting information encoded in the coefficients. In addition, an increase in the number of rings partially compensates for the stronger effect of random fluctuations on beams with high topological charges. Such a positive impact can be explained by the structural redundancy of multi-ring distributions (the vortex phase structure of the beam is repeated in each ring). A similar result was obtained for beams corresponding to a two-mode superposition. The best result on information preservation was obtained for the superposition with duplication of information in complex conjugate coefficients, and the best ratio of informative energy to parasitic one was obtained for beams with the largest area.

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Leng Yongbin, 冷用斌, 阎映炳 Yan Yingbing, 周伟民 Zhou Weimin, and 袁任贤 Yuan Renxian. "Precise beam current measurement for storage ring using beam position monitor." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22, no. 12 (2010): 2973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20102212.2973.

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Chen, Geng, Jia Qu, and Chun Yu Tian. "Numerical Analysis of Ring Beam Effect on the Modal of LNG Storage Tank." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.172.

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LNG storage tank is an important department in the gas receiving station. LNG in the tank is flammable and explosive medium, once the tank damaged, disasters may be happened. So researching the dynamic response analysis is very necessary. In this paper, modal analysis of LNG outside tank were performed by ANSYS Workbench, the first six orders of mode shapes and their frequencies of LNG outside tank were concluded. Contrast vibration mode and natural frequency of the LNG storage tanks with ring beam and no ring beam, the influence of ring beam of LNG tank mode has been discussed. Conduct a series experiment by change the parameters of the ring beam, Parameters for ring beam effect on the inherent frequency and vibration mode of LNG outside tank has been researched. This research has provided the provided the reliable basis for the safety using of tanks and has built the base of the further dynamic response analysis.

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Zhou, Gan, Ke Sheng Ding, Shun Jian Yi, and Zhi Guang Fan. "Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation Analysis of Security of the Underground Diaphragm Wall Based on the Ring Beam Supporting System." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.133.

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The ring beam supporting system is a new kind of reasonable support system, which gives full play to the advantages that the concrete ring beam can bear reinforced huge pressure. Based on the analysis of the horizontal lateral displacement of diaphragm wall with three-dimensional numerical simulation, conclusion is obtained that the most dangerous zone exists in range of middle 1/4 of diaphragm wall, which is 0 ~ 6 m above the excavation surface and should be a key area monitoring. And there is enough space for pitting of earth in the process of foundation excavation, it also makes construction convenient and saves the time and cost of foundation pit support.

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MA, X., X. H. CAI, X. L. ZHU, et al. "ATOMIC PHYSICS RESEARCHES AT COOLER STORAGE RING IN LANZHOU." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 02 (2009): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012410.

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The commissioning of the cooler storage rings (CSR) was successful, and the facility provides new possibilities for atomic physics with highly charged ions. Bare carbon, argon ions, were successfully stored in the main ring CSRm, cooled by cold electron beam, and accelerated up to 1 GeV/u. Heavier ions as Xe 44+ and Kr 28+ were also successfully stored in the CSRs. Both of the rings are equipped with new generation of electron coolers which can provide different electron beam density distributions. Electron-ion interactions, high precision X-ray spectroscopy, complete kinematical measurements for relativistic ion-atom collisions will be performed at CSRs. Laser cooling of heavy ions are planned as well. The physics programs and the present status will be summarized.

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