Journal articles: 'Ring stresses'

1

Mjaku, Malush. "Software simulation of residual stresses in high frequency longitudinal welded pipes." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i4.882.

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Abstract - This paper presents results obtained via experimental measurements of residual stresses in the cross sections of longitudinal welded pipes. The experiment was carried out in different dimensions and thickness of the pipes where it is noticed that the smaller the diameter of the pipe, the greater the residual stresses because the degree of deformation during the production of pipes with smaller diameter is greater. Residual stresses are measured with strain gages set upon the outside wall of the pipes. The results received from the gages show considering amount of stress captured in the pipe wall because of cold plastic formation process [1]. After cutting the rings, their opening is recorded, which is variable and depends on several parameters such as: ring diameter, thickness, type of material and its reinforcement as well as the degree of plastic deformation when forming the pipe sheath [2]. The difference in the display of the measuring tape when the ring is in the open and closed position is the residual deformation that corresponds to the residual stresses that occurs in the ring.

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Hatheway, Alson E. "Tensile stresses in ring-mounted glass lenses." Optical Engineering 57, no. 05 (May 17, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.5.055105.

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Giri, Anoj, Chandan Pandey, and Manas M. Mahapatra. "To study the effect of stress magnitude and tool geometry on the calibration coefficients: Ring core technique." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 232, no. 6 (October 13, 2017): 674–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408917737585.

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Ring core technique is widely used to measure the subsurface residual stresses in components. In the analytical evaluation of residual stresses by ring core technique, the calibration coefficients play the vital role for the correct estimation of residuals stresses. Calibration coefficients needed to evaluate the residual stresses by dry ring core technique have been determined with respect to varying ring core tool dimensions. The effect of the biaxial stress combinations and trepan tool diameters on the calibration coefficients was investigated. The trepanning effect of dry ring core process was also investigated through 3D finite element models. The finite element analysis was done to prepare a database of strains for the different stress combinations with respect to the depth of cut. After that the regression equations were developed to directly calculate the calibration coefficients for the material SS 304L. Furthermore, this finite element data was also used to develop the mathematical relations to calculate the residual stresses from the strain readings obtained in dry ring core process. Error estimation of residual stress calculation was also done for both analytical and regression models. The database of relations between residual stress and strains developed in the present study with respect to a given dimension of ring core tool was found to be adequate in estimating the residual stresses directly from the strain reading during dry ring coring.

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Hsueh, C. H. "Stresses in Multilayered Ceramics Subjected to Biaxial Flexure Tests." Materials Science Forum 606 (October 2008): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.606.79.

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Although standard test methods for biaxial strength measurements of ceramics have been established and the corresponding formulas for relating the biaxial strength to the fracture load have been approved by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and International Organization for Standardization, respectively, they are limited to the case of monolayered discs. Despite the increasing applications of multilayered ceramics, characterization of their strengths using biaxial flexure tests has been difficult because the analytical description of the relation between the strength and the fracture load for multilayers subjected to biaxial flexure tests is unavailable until recently. Using ring-on-ring tests as an example, the closed-form solutions for stresses in (i) monolayered discs based on ASTM formulas, (ii) bilayered discs based on Roark’s formulas, and (iii) multilayered discs based on Hsueh et al.’s formulas are reviewed in the present study. Finite element results for ring-on-rings tests performed on (i) zirconia monolayered discs, (ii) dental crown materials of porcelain/zirconia bilayered discs, and (iii) solid oxide fuel cells trilayered discs are also presented to validate the closed-form solutions. With Hsueh et al.’s formulas, the biaxial strength of multilayered ceramics can be readily evaluated using biaxial flexure tests.

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Neu, R. W., and Huseyin Sehitoglu. "Simulation of Cone Bore Growth in Bearings With a Three-Ring Model." Journal of Applied Mechanics 61, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901500.

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Cone bore growth in case-carburized bearings was modeled by incorporating the mechanisms of thermal-induced phase transformation and low temperature creep in an approximate model of the cone. The inner case, core, and outer case regions of the bearing cone are modeled by three concentric rings. Using a mechanics of materials approach with the aid of some simplifying assumptions (i.e., radial stresses remain zero throughout the ring thickness and net circumferential strain is the same for all three rings), the influence of temperature, interference fit stresses, initial case carburizing stresses, and stress relaxation on the change in bore diameter and circumferential stress during service could be determined. The model indicated that both thermal-induced transformation and low temperature creep may play a role in bore growth during service. As temperature was increased from 70° C to 200°C, the susceptibility to bore growth became greater. Also, an increase in the interference fit increased the initial cone bore growth rate. In addition, the effect of the recondition treatment on the bore diameter and residual stresses was studied. The bore diameter generally decreased during the recondition treatment, and this was attributed to the relaxation of residual stresses by low temperature creep.

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Frankovský, Peter, František Trebuňa, Oskar Ostertag, Patrik Šarga, Ingrid Delyová, and Ján Kostka. "Utilisation Possibilities of PhotoStress Method in Determination of Residual Stresses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 732 (February 2015): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.732.3.

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The presented paper demonstrates the determination of residual stresses by means of PhotoStress® method. The identification was performed on a drilled and subsequently loaded sample of a split ring. Through drilling and subsequent loading of the sample we were able to simulate residual stresses throughout the surface of the split ring. Using the values of residual stresses, a gradient of residual stresses was specified. The 3 mm thick split ring was laser-cut from a non-alloyed fine-grained structural steel sheet suitable for welding, i.e. steel 11 523. It was coated with 3.125 mm thick photoelastic coating PS-1A with fringe constant.

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Wang, Yan Shuang, and Hai Feng Zhu. "Contact Stress Analysis on a Large-Sized Four Contact-Point Slewing Bearing with Negative Axial Play." Applied Mechanics and Materials 307 (February 2013): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.307.223.

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The analysis method on contact stresses between balls and inner/outer ring raceways of a large-sized four contact-point slewing bearing with negative axial play was present. The contact stresses and contact areas between balls and inner/outer ring raceways of a slewing bearing were computed at different negative axial plays without applied load. The results show that a ball contacts with inner/outer ring raceways at four points whose contact areas and contact stress distribution are approximately same. The contact stresses between balls and inner ring raceway are slightly higher than those at outer ring raceway. Contact stress and contact area increase with absolute value of negative axial play increasing. Startup friction torque can be improved by increasing the absolute value of negative axial play.

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8

Václavík, J., O. Weinberg, P. Bohdan, J. Jankovec, and S. Holý. "Evaluation of Residual Stresses using Ring Core Method." EPJ Web of Conferences 6 (2010): 44004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20100644004.

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Klar, Assaf, Michael Roed, Irene Rocchi, and Ieva Paegle. "Evaluation of Horizontal Stresses in Soil during Direct Simple Shear by High-Resolution Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing." Sensors 19, no. 17 (August 24, 2019): 3684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173684.

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This paper presents an approach for evaluating the horizontal stresses that develop in geotechnical Direct Simple Shear (DSS) tests through the use of high-resolution distributed fiber optic sensing. For this aim, fiber optics were embedded in 3D printed rings used for confining the soil in the test procedure. An analytical approach linking the measured spatially-distributed strain profile and the internal soil-ring contact stresses is developed in the paper. The method is based on representation of the contact stresses by a Fourier series expansion, and determining the coefficients of the series by minimizing the difference between the measured strain and the analytical strain within the linear elastic ring. The minimization problem results in a linear set of equations that can easily be solved for a given measurement. The approach is demonstrated on a set of drained DSS tests on clean sand specimens. Stress paths using the evaluated horizontal stresses are plotted together with Mohr circles at failure. These illustrate how, in these specific tests, the horizontal stress increases and principal stress direction rotates, until failure occurs along horizontal planes.

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Sigaeva, Taisiya, Michel Destrade, and Elena S. Di Martino. "Multi-sector approximation method for arteries: the residual stresses of circumferential rings with non-trivial openings." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 156 (July 2019): 20190023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0023.

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The opening angle method is a popular choice in biomechanics to estimate residual stresses in arteries. Experimentally, it means that an artery is cut into rings; then the rings are cut axially or radially allowing them to open into sectors; finally, the corresponding opening angles are measured to give residual stress levels by solving an inverse problem. However, for many tissues, for example in pathological tissues, the ring does not open according to the theory into a neat single circular sector, but rather creates an asymmetric geometry, often with abruptly changing curvature(s). This phenomenon may be due to a number of reasons including variation in thickness, microstructure, mechanical properties, etc. As a result, these samples are often eliminated from studies relying on the opening angle method, which limits progress in understanding and evaluating residual stresses in real arteries. With this work, we propose an effective approach to deal with these non-trivial openings of rings. First, we digitize pictures of opened rings to split them into multiple, connected circular sectors. Then we measure the corresponding opening angles for each sub-sector. Subsequently, we can determine the residual stresses for individual sectors in a closed-ring configuration and, thus, approximate the circumferential residual bending effects.

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11

Hyde, T. H., and B. J. Marsden. "Stresses in swivel ring flanges due to pressure loading." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 21, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247v214225.

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Finite element and photoelastic methods of stress analysis have been used to study the effects of pressure loading on the behaviour of swivel ring flanges. The use of recesses on the back faces of flanges, to control the load position, were investigated. The effect of the friction conditions between the flange and ring were also considered. It was found that the inclusion of a recess can significantly reduce the highest stresses, which occur in the flange/hub fillet radius. The friction conditions between the flange and ring were also found to have a significant effect on the stresses.

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12

Meng, F.-M., J.-X. Wang, and K. Xiao. "A study of the influences of particles in the gas flow passage of a piston ring pack on the tribological performances of the piston ring." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 1 (August 4, 2009): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1574.

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The influences of particles in the gas flow passage of a piston ring pack on the tribolo-gical performances of rings were numerically investigated based on a modified blow-by equation incorporating the particle effect and associated equations. Meanwhile, the particle effect on the blow-by of rings, inter-ring gas pressure, friction force, stresses, pressure, and deformation of the ring was solved by the Runge—Kutta method and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique. The numerical results show that obvious changes in the blow-by of the ring and the inter-ring gas pressure can occur if the particle effect is considered. The effect depends on the combined effect of the area, position, and number of particles. Meanwhile, the friction force of the top face of the ring, and the maximum Von Mises stress of the inner ring surface, contact pressure, deformation, and maximum shear stress of the contacting surface of the ring can obviously increase because of the particle effect.

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13

Park, J. W., and J. L. Ferracane. "Residual Stress in Composites with the Thin-ring-slitting Approach." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 10 (October 2006): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608501015.

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During polymerization, dental composites develop residual stresses that may compromise the marginal integrity and properties of the restorative. The objective of this study was to use the thin-walled ring-slitting method to measure and compare residual stresses. The hypotheses to be tested were that composites would generate different levels of residual stress based on their specific formulations and slitting times. Rings made from composites (Z100, Herculite, and Heliomolar) were cut at different times (10 min, 1 and 24 hrs) after being light-cured, and stress was measured. Residual stress was higher at the earlier cutting times, except for Heliomolar (α < 0.05). For the 10-minute and one-hour cutting groups, stress followed this order: Z100 > Herculite > Heliomolar. Early slitting was better to capture residual stress, and the thin-walled rings showed higher values than thick-walled rings and were better able to discriminate residual stress in composites.

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14

Malotová, Šárka, Pavel Hemžský, David Pitela, Henryk Nicielnik, Dagmar Šoková, Ladislav Kyncl, and Jozef Mrázik. "Evaluation Of Residual Stresses In Inner Ring Of The Bearings." Technological Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teen-2015-0013.

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Abstract Residual stresses are undesirable and it should not be underestimated. They occur in many components and it is necessary to identify and try to avoid them. For detection the Residual stresses, there are many methods, but not all are suitable, because they can completely destroy of the components. The article deals with the evaluation of Residual stresses in the inner rings of Bearings, which are made from steel 100Cr6 (ČSN 14 109.4. The surfaces were turning at different cutting parameters and subsequently are evaluated Residual stresses. The stresses have been evaluated by non – destructive method X – Ray. The experiment was realized in cooperation Faculty of Mechanical Engineering VSB – TU Ostrava and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of ZU Zilina – machining in the laboratories of ZU Žilina, Slovak Republic.

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15

Sasaki, Toshihiko, Junichi Akita, Yasutomo Sone, and Yuichi Kobayashi. "Determination of Shearing Stresses (τ_xz and τ_yz) Using X-Ray Diffraction Method with Two-Dimensional Detector." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1719.

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Measurement of shearing stresses, τxzand τyz, by X-ray diffraction technique with two-dimensional detector was studied. The principle which was developed for an area detector type X-ray triaxial stress analysis was adopted for this purpose. In the present method, Debye ring was measured first and its whole part was used for determining shearing stresses. One Debye ring is enough to determine shearing stresses without accurate diffraction data such as lattice spacing in stress free. The result of the simulation showed that the present method is useful for the evaluation of shearing stresses by X-ray diffraction technique.

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16

Kang, K. J., and S. Y. Seol. "Measurement of Residual Stresses in a Circular Ring Using the Successive Cracking Method." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804890.

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A method which we describe as the “successive cracking method” for measuring residual stresses in a circular ring is presented. In this method, the residual stresses are evaluated using a fracture mechanics approach. The strains measured at a point on the outer edge of the ring as a crack is introduced and extended from the edge are used to deduce the residual stress distribution in the uncracked ring. Finite element analysis is carried out to examine the validity of the theoretical derivation. Experiments to measure the residual stresses in a steel ring specimen are done by the successive cracking method. For comparison purposes, the experimental results using the sectioning method are presented as well. The successive cracking method is shown to be valid, simple, and effective for measuring the two-dimensional residual stress distribution in an axisymmetric member.

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17

Bhargava, V., C. A. Rubin, and G. T. Hahn. "The Effects of Indent Residual Stresses on Mixed Mode Cyclic Crack Growth Driving Forces for Bearing Inner Rings." Journal of Tribology 109, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261524.

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The residual stresses produced by plastic dents in a solid cylinder have been evaluated for overload, peak-contact-pressure-to-shear-strength ratios of poi/k = 3.5, and poi/k = 4. The effects of 2 sets of indent residual stresses on the cyclic crack growth driving forces generated by rolling contact at relative peak pressures of por/k = 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0, have been evaluated for 3 conditions. These are: (1) the slowly revolving ring, (2) the rapidly revolving ring with associated press fit and centrifugal stresses, and (3) the rapidly revolving ring with the superimposed circumferential compressive stresses arising from a carburized surface layer. The values of ΔKI ΔKII, and the combined mode, ΔKe, are calculated for 18 different rolling conditions, for small cracks with 8 different inclinations, 5 crack-face friction coefficients, and 21 locations in the dent region. The results show that the ΔK-values for a 2a=20μm long crack can exceed the Mode I threshold when the rim rotates slowly. Larger ΔK-values are obtained in the presence of press-fit and centrifugal stresses. However, the residual stresses of the carburized surface layer more than compensate for the press-fit and centrifugal stresses, reducing the ΔK-values below the levels obtained for the slowly rotating rim.

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18

Zhao, Rong Guo, Wen Bo Luo, Zhong Fu Chen, Bin Xu, and Yi Hui Yin. "Effect of Dimensional Tolerance on Displacements and Stresses of Wedged-Ring Joint Structure." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.1443.

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The effect of geometric clearances on the stress and deformation distributions of a wedged-ring joint structure is studied, five cases of dimensional tolerance of each contact surface, i.e., the maximum, minimum, mean of maximum and minimum, mean of maximum and mean, and mean of minimum and mean are investigated, and the probable states that the wedged-rings attach with the upper cylinder or attach with the lower cylinder radially in the assembly process are considered as well. The results of finite element numerical simulations indicate that in the design tolerance zone, the effects of geometric clearances between contact surfaces on the displacement and stress distributions of the structural components are weak. Only when the wedged-rings attach tightly with the upper cylinder or with the lower cylinder, the displacement and stress distributions in the joint of the structure occur a dramatic variation, and the assembly processing measure making the wedged-rings attaching tightly with the lower cylinder can be adopted to effectively decrease the stresses and deformations in the joint of the structure.

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Stazhevsky, S. B., and G. N. Khan. "Relation between High Tectonic Stresses and Endogenous Ring Structures." Journal of Mining Science 53, no. 6 (November 2017): 1016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062739117063089.

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Wang, Dagang, Jun Zhang, Zhencai Zhu, Shen Gang, and Li Xiang. "Crack initiation characteristics of ring chain of heavy-duty scraper conveyor under time-varying loads." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 9 (September 2019): 168781401988036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019880366.

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Crack initiation characteristics of ring chain of heavy-duty scraper conveyor under time-varying loads were investigated in this study. The dynamic tension of ring chain of the heavy-duty scraper conveyor was obtained using the time-varying dynamic analysis. Finite element analyses of three-dimensional contacts between adjacent chain rings at straight and bending segments were carried out to explore three-dimensional stress distributions of chain rings. The crack initiation life of chain ring was predicted employing the multiaxial fatigue theory. The results show that the ring chain is subjected to time-varying dynamic tensions during operation. During tension-tension contact fatigue, as compared to the straight segment of ring chain, the bending segment engaging in the sprocket presents an overall lower (or higher) equivalent stress distribution in the case of flat (or vertical) chain ring, respectively. Maximum equivalent stresses at the contact regions of adjacent chain rings both present time-varying dynamic characteristics similar to evolutions of dynamic tension. During tension-torsion contact fatigue, an increase in torsion angle level causes unobvious difference between equivalent stress distributions at contact regions of adjacent rings. Predicted crack initiation lives of chain rings during tension-tension contact fatigue indicates more severe fatigue damages of the vertical chain ring at the straight segment and of the flat chain ring at the right bending segment.

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Wang, Ling, Jin-feng Zou, and Yu-ming Sheng. "An Improved Stress and Strain Increment Approaches for Circular Tunnel in Strain-Softening Surrounding Rock Considering Seepage Force." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 6, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2075240.

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Considering the effect of seepage force, a dimensionless approach was introduced to improve the stress and strain increment approach on the stresses and radial displacement around a circular tunnel excavated in a strain-softening generalized Hoek–Brown or Mohr–Coulomb rock mass. The circular tunnel can be simplified as axisymmetric problem, and the plastic zone was divided into a finite number of concentric rings which satisfy the equilibrium and compatibility equations. Increments of stresses and strains for each ring were obtained by solving the equilibrium and compatibility equations. Then, the stresses and displacements in softening zone can be calculated. The correctness and reliability of the proposed approach were performed by the existing solutions.

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Benhassen, Leila Louise, Jacob Hesselby Hedensted, Mona Sharghbin, Søren Nielsen Skov, Lisa Carlson Hanse, Marcell Juan Tjørnild, Tommy Bechsgaard, Diana Mathilde Ropcke, Sten Lyager Nielsen, and John Michael Hasenkam. "Altered stresses and dynamics after single and double annuloplasty ring for aortic valve repair." European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 57, no. 6 (February 7, 2020): 1210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaa001.

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Abstract OBJECTIVES Aortic valve repair procedures for the treatment of isolated aortic valve insufficiency may be improved by stabilizing the functional aortic annulus using a double annuloplasty ring at the aortic annulus and sinotubular junction (STJ). The objective of this study was to compare the geometrical changes and aortic root stress distribution when using a single subvalvular ring and a double sub- and supravalvular ring in vivo. METHODS Both the single- and double-ring procedures were performed successively in nine 80-kg pigs. Measurements were performed intraoperatively using sonomicrometry crystals in the aortic root to evaluate geometrical changes and annular and STJ force transducers measuring the segmental radial stress distribution. RESULTS The total force in the STJ was significantly reduced after the double-ring procedure from 1.7 ± 0.6 to 0.04 ± 1.1 N (P = 0.001). The double-ring procedure significantly reduced the STJ area from 234.8 ± 37.6 to 147.5 ± 31.8 mm2 (P = 0.001) and expansibility from 17 ± 6% to 8 ± 3% (P = 0.001). With the single-ring procedure, the STJ shape was circular but became more oval with the double-ring procedure. The double-ring procedure did not affect stress distribution or geometry in the aortic annulus. CONCLUSIONS The double-ring procedure stabilized the whole aortic root by reducing radial stress distribution in the STJ more efficiently than the single-ring procedure. Both area and expansibility were reduced with the double-ring procedure. These results confirm the importance of addressing the entire functional aortic annulus for optimal aortic valve repair procedures.

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23

Sasaki, Toshihiko. "Evaluation of Railway Rails Suffered from Rolling Contact Fatigue Using X-Ray Generalized cosα Method." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2378.

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In this study, the diffraction rings were measured point by point all over the head of rail sample which was used in service, and shearing stresses with respect to the depth direction were determined using the generalized cosα method. The full width at half maximum was also estimated from the diffraction ring.

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Zhou, Ming, Zhi Guo Xie, and Xin Tang Wang. "Numerical Analysis of Fire Behavior of a Large Space Pre-Stressed Steel Structure under Fire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3729.

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The computational model of numerical analysis of a suspended pre-stressed steel reticulated shell subjected to fire load is established with using the software Marc. Based on the model presented here, numerical analysis of thermal response and structural response of the pre-stressed steel structure are computed. The different space height and different rise-span ratio are considered for analysis of response temperature, displacements and stresses of the pre-stressed lattice shell under fire for one fire source. It is also shown that displacement of the node right above the inner cable is the maximum among the four nodes presented here as the fire source is located at the position right below the second-ring cable of the structure. It is concluded that the influence degree of space height of the structure on the fire response of the structure is not great, but rise-span ratio has obvious and great effect on displacements and stresses of the pre-stressed steel structure with large span in fire.

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Lee, Yong-Shin, and Paul R. Dawson. "Obtaining Residual Stresses in Metal Forming After Neglecting Elasticity on Loading." Journal of Applied Mechanics 56, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3176086.

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A methodology for computing residual stresses in forming operations is examined in which the elasticity is neglected during the loading phase of the operation. The elastic response is recovered on unloading through the analysis of an initially-stressed body. Two examples are presented which provide a quantitative assessment of the accuracy of the approach. The first is the axisymmetric expansion of a thick-walled tube. In this case the residual stresses are compared to those computed with an elastic-plastic analysis for both the loading and unloading phases. The second example is a ring upsetting application that has been analyzed using a finite element formulation and for which there are experimental data available for comparison.

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Lei, T. S., V. Bhargava, G. T. Hahn, and C. A. Rubin. "Stress Intensity Factors for Small Cracks in the Rim of Disks and Rings Subjected to Rolling Contact." Journal of Tribology 108, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261258.

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The influence of the residual stresses attending the plastic deformation of a rim on the cyclic crack growth driving force produced by repeated two-dimensional rolling contacts is evaluated. The residual stresses are estimated for disks and rings with different geometries. Values of the Mode II and Mode I stress intensity range, ΔKI and ΔKII, are derived for small, subsurface cracks from the variations in the stress intensity factors with position of the contact for rolling in the absence of surface shear tractions. The calculations take into account (i) steady-state contact stresses generated by a relative peak pressure of po/k = 5; (ii) the radial and circumferential residual stresses, (iii) the frictional resistance on the crack faces; (iv) the crack inclination, and (v) the relative ratios of the inner and outer ring radii. A prediction of the crack initiation and growth rate for high strength steel is illustrated.

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27

Zhang, Guo Liang, and Zhi Bin Zeng. "Simulation of Sealing Performance of Elastomeric O-Ring Gasket Including Metal Skeleton." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.615.

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In the hydraulic and pneumatic equipments, the elastomeric O-ring gaskets are widely used to ensure their sealing. The sealing capability of an elastomeric O-ring gasket depends upon the contact stresses that develop between the O-ring and the surfaces with which it comes into contact. In order to increase the strength and service life of the general elastomeric O-ring gasket, this gasket including metal skeleton is gradually applied to the actual product in recent years. In spite of the sealing performance of the elastomeric O-ring gasket has been investigated in many literatures, few information of it is known about the elastomeric O-ring gasket including metal skeleton. If any gasket degrades or fails, the overall operation and performance of the production will be affected. This paper aims to study the contact stresses occurred on the metal skeleton seal structure under the various interference fits with three sectional forms (trapezoid cross section, square cross section and circular cross section). Finite element analysis is used to predict sealing performance of an installed metal skeleton seal, providing a normal force against the sealing surface. Results gained show that the contact stresses occurred on the metal skeleton seal is larger than it generated on the general elastomeric O-ring gasket. Furthermore, the metal skeleton seal possessed trapezoid cross section can produce the maximum contact stress, which will show the best sealing performance among three sectional forms.

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Garrard, William L., and Michael L. Konicke. "Calculated and experimental stresses in solid and ring slot parachutes." Journal of Aircraft 26, no. 6 (June 1989): 590–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.45808.

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29

Ajovalasit, A., G. Petrucci, and B. Zuccarello. "Determination of Nonuniform Residual Stresses Using the Ring-Core Method." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804891.

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This paper considers residual stress analysis using the ring-core method. In particular, the so-called integral equation method is applied to evaluate nonuniform residual stress fields. The proposed method overcomes typical drawbacks of the incremental strain method which lead to incorrect results for strongly varying stress fields. The experimental results obtained with a specimen subjected to a bending load confirm the theoretical predictions.

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30

Batista, M. "Stresses in a confocal elliptic ring subject to uniform pressure." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 34, no. 3 (April 1999): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324991513768.

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Semerak, M., N. Ferents, D. Kharyshyn, and S. Vovk. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF STRENGTH-DEFORMED CONDITION OF PIPE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONS AT SUSTAINABLE TEMPERATURE." Fire Safety 35 (February 26, 2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20786662.35.2019.10.

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The mathematical modeling of the thermo-stressed state of pipe-concrete structures under conditions of stationary thermal conductivity is carried out. During the study, the most common structural type of TBC was selected and mathematical models of the stress-strain state of TBA under heating conditions were taken into account, taking into account their geometric dimensions and thermophysical characteristics of metal and concrete. The main feature of the TBC study is that the heat exchange in the structure, as well as the corresponding force response, are investigated independently of each other, whereas the problem of fire resistance should be posed as a classical problem of elasticity, taking into account the mutual influence of temperature and mechanical stresses. In two-layer structures (concrete - metal), the largest radial stresses that occur in concrete work in tension. Tensile stresses occur in the thickness of the outer tube. The stresses occurring on the inner surface of the steel sleeve coincide with the stresses in the concrete. When approaching the outer surface, they decrease and on the surface r = R2 equal to zero. In the case where the coefficients of linear extension αt (i = 1, 2) are equal to each other, the maximum tensile stresses are reduced within 0≤r≤R1 .; if νi (i = 1, 2) within 0≤ r≤R2, the stresses will also decrease. Axial stresses work on compression. They reach maximum value in the outer shell. For equal values αt (1) = αt (2), the magnitude of the stresses does not change, and at ν1 = ν2 the stresses in the metal will decrease. Ring stresses in the region 0≤ r≤R1 are tensile stresses and in the region R1≤ r≤R2 are compression stresses, and the compression stresses are greater than the tensile stresses in concrete. For αt (1) = αt (2), the stresses in the concrete decrease and for ν1 = ν2.

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32

Lin, Feng, and Yong Xiang Zhao. "Finite Element Analysis on the Fatigue Stresses of a Railway Vehicle Roller Bearing." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.935.

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The distributed fatigue stresses of 353130B roller bearing of China freight car with K5 type titling bogie are investigated using an elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analysis. Policy of two steps is applied. First, an integral FE analysis is performed on adapter-bearing-axle-wheel-track interactive system. Second, local analysis is applied to the local axle-bearing-adapter part, in which on the section of axle is with the bound condition obtained from the integral analysis. Wheel contact force spectrum on a curved railway line by on-line inspection is used for the present study. Previous proposed multivariate quadratic regression approach is applied for transferring the load spectrum to the dynamic stress spectrum at a special position of the bearing. Results reveal that the rollers, innerand outer-rings of bearing are subjected to distribute axially equivalent stress amplitude. The closer to axle side, the larger the equivalent stress amplitude. The equivalent stress amplitude of outer ring at the position close to the seal seat is relative larger to that of inner ring. The results are consistency with the shell failures of the bearings in production. Availability of present study is indicated.

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33

von Mirbach, David. "Hole-Drilling Method for Residual Stress Measurement - Consideration of Elastic-Plastic Material Properties." Materials Science Forum 768-769 (September 2013): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.768-769.174.

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Two commonly used mechanical methods for the determination of residual stresses are the hole-drilling method and the ring-core method, which can be regarded as semi-destructive. The most restricting limitation for the general applicability of both methods, according to the current state of science and technology, is the fact that the scope for relatively low residual stress under 60% of the yield stress is limited.This is a result of the notch effect of the hole or ring core, which leads to a plastification around and on the bottom of the hole and ring shaped groove already at stresses well below the yield stress of the material. The elastic evaluation of the resulting plastic strains leads consequently to an overestimation of the delineated residual stresses. In this paper the influence of elastic-plastic material properties no the specific calibration function for the hole-drilling method using the differential method is studied, and the method of adaptive calibration functions is presented.

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34

Zuo, Zhi Jiang, Le Rong Fu, and Yao Li. "Measurement of Residual Stress by Cutting Method in Cold Ring Rolling." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.329.

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The residual stress in cold ring rolling could cause great error to parts quality. Due to the complicated formation of residual stress, it's difficult to calculate theoretically. In present study, measurement method is generally used. According to the shape of ring, cutting method is the best method for measuring residual stress. There were 6 stages in cold rolling deep groove ball bearing race. Electric wire discharge machine was used to cut the rings after rolling in each stage. The radius of rings would change after cutting. According to the derived analytic calculation theory of residual stress, the residual stress could be calculated in different rolling stage. The residual stresses were in the range of 110-200MPa. Compared the measurement results from finite element simulation results, the greatest difference was 20%, which was in accepted rang. Through calculation results of six stages in cold ring rolling, it could found that the residual stress increased with the increase of deformation, the straightening stage was benefit to decrease residual stress.

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35

Murata, M., M. B. Utzinger, D. H. Chen, and H. Nisitani. "Stress Analysis on Rectangular Cross-Sectional Ring Headers." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842126.

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For rectangular cross-sectional ring headers, the authors’ theoretical stress analysis is presented to agree with actual stresses by measurement with strain gages. Therefore, this analytical method is applicable for similar rectangular cross-sectional ring headers. When the aspect ratio (length of two cylinders/radius difference between two cylinders) is more than three, moments originating at the end of finite long cylinders and tangential stresses on the half-length of both cylinders are almost the same as values from infinitely long cylinders. Regarding the welds between flat cover plates and cylinders, cover plate designs can be remarkably thinner by changing the weld shape, that is, by using T-joint weld with a single-bevel groove, than compared to Type (i) in PG-31 of ASME Code.

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36

Wan, Yi, Zhen Wang, Zhan Qiang Liu, Zhao Liang Jiang, and Dong Zhang. "Stress Influence on Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloy Surface." Advanced Materials Research 1017 (September 2014): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1017.287.

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C-ring specimen experiment was conducted combined with finite element method, in order to reveal the influence of residual stress on corrosion resistance of machined surface. The results show that pitting is the main corrosion type in marine water under stresses. Under compressive stresses, the distribution and expansion of corrosion pits extend along radial direction of C-ring. The corrosion depth and corrosion area ratio show that corrosion extent decreases with the increase of compressive stress. Finally, the results can be used to optimize cutting parameters.

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37

Šarga, Patrik, František Menda, and František Trebuňa. "Verification of the Geometric Parameters of the Ring-Core Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.109.

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The Ring-Core method is a semi-destructive method for residual stress determination inside materials. The evaluation of residual stresses using Ring-Core method requires complex analysis of the geometric parameters. This work deals with the uniformly distributed residual stress components through the material thickness.

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38

Zavos, Anastasios, and Pantelis George Nikolakopoulos. "Waviness and straightness of cylinder and textured piston ring tribo pair." International Journal of Structural Integrity 6, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 300–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-07-2013-0014.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review and to provide a dipper understanding of what happens to piston rings and cylinder surfaces when manufacturing errors depicted, such as waviness and straightness. The mechanism of friction and the piston ring structural integrity, due to the surface irregularities, are analyzed either for smooth ring surface or for artificial textured, while piston ring floats into the piston groove or not. Design/methodology/approach – In this work two tribological models of a piston ring- cylinder package are presented using CFD analysis. Initially, the piston ring is considered as a secured ring in the groove of piston (secured ring) while in second model, the piston ring floats into the piston groove (free ring). Findings – Increasing the number of waves across the piston ring thickness, the structural integrity of the ring is strongly influenced. Piston ring with surface texturing reduces the mean friction force, under the consideration of cylinder straightness. The gas leaks due to existence of the ring gap, affects significantly the maximum mechanical stresses. Originality/value – The novelty of this paper is the analysis of manufacturing errors, such as waviness and straightness either for smooth or for artificial textured piston ring. In particular, the piston ring structural integrity investigated while chamber gas pressure leaks through the ring gap or not. The number of the waves, their amplitude and the fluid velocity are also taken into consideration.

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Strozzi, A., A. Baldini, M. Giacopini, R. Rosi, and E. Bertocchi. "Contact stresses within a split ring inserted into a circular housing." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 44, no. 8 (September 8, 2009): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247jsa542.

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40

Kourkoulis, S. K., and Ch F. Markides. "Stresses and displacements in a circular ring under parabolic diametral compression." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 71 (October 2014): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.07.009.

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41

Lu, Tao, Apostolos Tsouvalas, and Andrei Metrikine. "In-plane vibration of rotating rings using a high order theory." MATEC Web of Conferences 211 (2018): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821103012.

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In-plane dynamics of rotating rings on elastic foundation is a topic of continuous research, especially in the field of tire dynamics. When the inner surface of a ring is connected to a stiff foundation, the through-thickness variation of radial and shear stress needs to be accounted for. This effect is often overlooked in the ring models proposed in the literature. In this paper, a new high order theory is developed for the in-plane vibration of rotating rings whose inner surface is connected to an immovable hub by distributed springs while the outer surface is stress-free. The high-order terms are chosen such that the boundary conditions at the inner and outer surfaces are satisfied at all times. Instability, which is usually overlooked in the literature, is predicted using the present model. Resonant speeds are investigated, at which modes appear as a stationary displacement pattern to a space-fixed observer. The exact satisfaction of boundary conditions at the inner and outer ring surfaces together with the through-thickness variation of the radial and shear stresses are shown to be of significant importance when the ring rotates at high speeds or is supported by relatively stiff foundation.

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42

Zhao, Yong Xiang, and B. Zhang. "Failure Analysis on Bearings of Railway Freight Cars with Radial Bogie." Advanced Materials Research 544 (June 2012): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.544.286.

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Causes are investigated on the earlier failures of the bearings for China railway freight cars with radial bogie. Through observing failure objects, checking manufacturing quality, and calculating rolling contact fatigue (RCF) stresses, it reveals that poor manufacturing quality of bearing outer ring plays a key role to the earlier failures and, in addition, mismatch design of RCF stresses between the outer ring and the inner ring acts as an aid actor. Checks verify that surface and core of the outer ring have lower hardness values than requirements; seldom micro-structures, i.e. black-white bands with thickness of around 0.6 to 1.3 mm, appear in the carburized layer of the bearing outer ring; the white part is needle like martensites with higher hardness values, while the black part is pearlites with lower hardness values; and more contingently, crack like manufacturing flaws may appear in the carburized layer with equiaxed grains of ferrites having lower hardness values are around the flaws. RCF values of the outer ring are much larger than that of the inner ring. But the equivalent RCF stress on the present car with radial bogie is lower than that on other cars. This indicates that main cases of the present earlier failures are due the bearings themselves other than the cars.

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43

Li, Rong Li, Xiao Yong Liu, Shou Qin Zhang, Tao Li, and Guo Jing Ren. "Numerical Analysis on Delta-Ring Seal Structure of Ultra High Pressure Vessel Employed in Food Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 2839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.2839.

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Due to the characters of the ultra high pressure vessel employed in food processing, a seal structure was introduced in this study. Then numerical analysis was performed using the larger finite element stress analysis software ansys12.0 for the stresses of the seal structure under internal pressure. In order to solve the contact question of delta-ring seal structure by using face-face contact model, a 3-D axisymmetric solid element was employed to calculate the stresses of the connected location among delta-ring, blind cover and end cylinder, the mises stresses in this structure were analyzed. Thus, the distribution nephograms of the stress on the contact surface were obtained in different conditions. Full-field plastic deformation of seal structure was generated when the inner pressure was larger than 300Mpa. At last, the reason for residual deformation was analyzed.

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44

Moshaiov, A., and E. R. Joelson. "Theory and Application of a Bi-Metal Ring-Stiffened Cylinder Under External Pressure." Journal of Ship Research 33, no. 04 (December 1, 1989): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1989.33.4.291.

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Ring-stiffened pressure vessels have historically been constructed of one material only (for example, steel); this is especially true in naval submarines. Existing codes for the design of pressure vessels subjected to external pressure such as ASME and the British Standard BS5500 refer explicitly to unimetal designs only where the stiffening rings and the shell are made of one material only. Bi-metal structures are not accommodated in the design codes. A bi-metal structure would have one type of metal for the shell plating and another type for the ring stiffeners, possibly differing both in Young's modulus and material yield stress. An analytical study of the axisymmetric elastic deformations and stresses in a bi-metal ring-stiffened cylindrical shell under external hydrostatic pressure is given. A closedform solution to the governing differential equation for the bi-metal case is obtained and compared with the uni-metal case. A parametric study is conducted by varying the Young's moduli ratio for the shell and stiffeners of a typical design. Trends in the vessel's critical collapse pressure, shell deflection, and principal stresses are analyzed and the significance of different failure criteria is examined. An approach for modifying current uni-metal design methodologies to accommodate bi-metal structures is suggested. Preliminary comparisons of resulting bi-metal designs with "equivalent" uni-metal designs indicate that a bi-metal pressure hull can have significant advantages. Finally, recommendations for further research studies are made.

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45

YARETSKA, N. О. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF CONTACT INTERACTION OF A PRE-STRESSED RING STAMP AND ELASTIC HALF-SPACE WITH INITIAL STRESSES." Applied Questions of Mathematical Modeling 4, no. 1 (2021): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/kntu2618-0340/2021.4.1.28.

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46

An, Ke, Howard G. Halverson, Kenneth L. Reifsnider, Scott W. Case, and Marshall H. McCord. "Comparison of Methodologies for Determination of Fracture Strength of 8mol% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte Materials." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (December 10, 2004): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1867974.

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The widely used yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte is subjected to thermal and external stresses under operation, so that the enhancement of the mechanical properties is an important issue in planar solid oxide fuel cells. Fracture strengths of 8mol% YSZ electrolytes as 100×100mm squire plates, 23mm disks, and 17mm disks were evaluated using plate tensile, ball-on-ring, and pressure-on-ring testing methodologies, respectively. Finite element analysis (FEA) was validated and used to calculate the stress distribution and peak stress for the biaxial strength tests. A Weibull analysis was carried out on the test∕FEA-predicted peak stresses, and Weibull strength, modulus, and material scale parameters were found for each test methodology. The methodologies were compared and evaluated based on the results of the Weibull analysis; the pressure-on-ring test is preferred for brittle thin-film fracture strength testing.

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47

GAN, L., and T. B. NICKELS. "An experimental study of turbulent vortex rings during their early development." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 649 (April 13, 2010): 467–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009993971.

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In this paper, the early development of turbulent vortex rings at two Reynolds numbers is studied using two-dimensional and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV). In the late 1980s, a similarity theory of turbulent vortex rings was proposed and this theory was tested primarily using laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). However, because of limitations of the experimental technique, the tests were inconclusive and important assumptions could not be checked. Because single-point measurements were used, vortex ring structures could only be inferred using a complex signal analysis technique. In this study, the PIV technique provides spatial measurements of the full field of the cross-section of a ring from which a more rigorous investigation of the similarity theory is possible. Because the region over which the similarity theory appears to hold starts at about 2.5 orifice diameters downstream, this study focusses on the early development region from this point to 8 diameters downstream. Finally, Reynolds stresses and turbulence production contours are presented. The effects of ring dispersion on the measurements is also studied and quantified.

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48

Sahoo, Vineet, and Rathindranath Maiti. "Evidence of secondary tooth contact in harmonic drive, with involute toothed gear pair, through experimental and finite element analyses of stresses in flex-gear cup." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 2 (December 12, 2016): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216682541.

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Stresses in flex spline/gear cup in harmonic drives with involute toothed gear pair and conventional strain wave generating cam are analyzed using finite element method in ANSYS® environment and experiments. The most innovative part of this investigation is establishing the evidence of secondary contacts and probable load shared by those contacts experimentally over the finite element analysis. Aiming at the performance improvement of gearing in harmonic drives, with involute toothed gear pair, the investigations are carried out through the following analyses. (a) Initial stresses in flex gear cup due to cam insertion only. (b) Stresses in flex gear cup at no load in fully assembled harmonic drive components i.e. flex gear, ring gear, and strain wave generating cam. (c) Stresses in flex gear cup at full load passing through the two pitch points, i.e. the intersection points of ring gear pitch circle, flex gear pitch curve, and major axis on both sides. Finally, (d) stresses in flex gear cup at full load distributed over all possible primary and secondary contacts, in proportion to their contact intensities. Recorded strains of the flex-gear cup while the cam being rotated showed very good agreement with the results obtained by finite element analysis with proper modeling of loading.

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Gurevich, L. M., V. F. Danenko, and A. A. Istrati. "SIMULATION OF THE STRESSED-DEFORMED STATE OF A RING WELDED CONNECTION WITH LACK OF FUSION." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 6(241) (June 29, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-6-241-46-52.

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Computer modeling of changes in stresses and strains under axial tension of pipes with a ring mechanically inhomogeneous welded joint was carried out. Annular mechanically inhomogeneous welded joint had an different mechanical properties of the joint, heat-affected zone and base metal. A defect of the type of lack of fusion of various geometric sizes is present in the welded joint. The maximum stresses during axial tension develop in the zone of lack of penetration, which is a stress concentrator. The stress concentration values for various extent of the defect are determined. The distribution of stresses and strains in welds at various defect values is investigated.

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Fessler, H., and T. H. Hyde. "Stress distribution in gudgeon pins." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 32, no. 5 (July 1, 1997): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324971513490.

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Frozen stress photoelastic tests were carried out on four shapes of gudgeon pins, loaded in a piston of realistic shape by a realistic connecting rod. The results showed that the greatest stresses occurred in the gaps between the piston and connecting rod at the horizontal position in the bore. Measured compressive hoop stresses and calculated shear stresses there were up to 2 1/2 times the mean shear stress. Thick ring calculations slightly overpredicted the compressive stresses and the tensile hoop stresses at the vertical position, i.e. they are 'safe’. The greatest axial stresses were smaller than the above. Measured pin deflections between the piston bosses were less than the results of simple beam calculations, which ignored the restraints exerted by the piston. Ovalization of the cross-section was largest in the middle.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ring stresses'

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