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1

Rocchigiani, Guido, Niccolò Fonti, Simona Nardoni, Paolo Cavicchio, Francesca Mancianti, and Alessandro Poli. "Toxoplasmosis in Captive Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)." Pathogens 11, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101142.

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Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common protozoan parasites and is widely present in all warm-blooded animals. Although clinical disease is uncommon, some species, including ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), have been found to develop acute and lethal toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to describe the pathologic, immunohistochemical, serological, and molecular findings of an outbreak of fatal toxoplasmosis in three captive ring-tailed lemurs in Central Italy in 2009. The animals died acutely within few days. The necropsy was immediately performed; necrotic lesions in the spleen, liver, and kidney, as well as interstitial pneumonia, were found histologically. All animals had high titers of anti–T. gondii-specific antibodies (1:1280 IgM and 1:640 IgG) according to a modified agglutination test (MAT) and immunohistochemistry showed scattered tachyzoites in the target organs. Diagnosis was confirmed by PCR and clonal type II was identified. In addition, the seven co-habiting lemurs were seronegative. This paper reports the first outbreak of acute disseminated toxoplasmosis in captive ring-tailed lemurs in Italy. These findings confirm the high susceptibility of this endangered species to toxoplasma infection, which may be considered a further threat to captive population viability.
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2

Seeley, Kathryn E., Kathryn L. Proudfoot, Barbara Wolfe, and Douglas E. Crews. "Assessing Allostatic Load in Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)." Animals 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 3074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113074.

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Responses to stress are unavoidable, adaptive mechanisms in humans and non-human animals. However, in humans, chronic stress has been linked to poor health outcomes and early mortality. Allostatic load, the physiologic dysregulation that occurs when an organism is exposed to chronic stressors, has been used to assess stress in humans; less work has been done using non-human primates. Our aim was to determine the relationship between allostatic load in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) under human care and potentially stressful individual, social, medical and husbandry factors, as well a sex and age. An allostatic load index (ALI) was calculated for 38 lemurs using six biomarkers measured in serum (albumin, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, DNA damage, glucose and prostaglandin E2). Potentially stressful factors were recorded over the lifetime of each lemur using medical and husbandry records. Animals with a higher percentage of time spent indoors, those kept in smaller average group sizes, and those with fewer minor group composition changes had, or tended to have, higher ALI. There was no relationship between ALI and sex or age. Some social and husbandry factors were associated with allostatic load in lemurs, indicating that this index may be a useful tool in assessing and determining factors contributing to stress of lemurs and other animals under human care.
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3

Zordan, Martín, Marcela Tirado, and Claudia López. "HEPATIC CAPILLARIASIS IN CAPTIVE RING-TAILED LEMURS (LEMUR CATTA)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 43, no. 2 (June 2012): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2011-0250.1.

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4

Parga, Joyce A., and Shira C. Nansen. "Heteropaternity of twins in ring‐tailed lemurs ( Lemur catta )." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 169, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23827.

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5

Drucker, Caroline B., Talia Baghdoyan, and Elizabeth M. Brannon. "Implicit sequence learning in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta )." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 105, no. 1 (November 29, 2015): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.180.

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6

L. Sauther, Michelle. "Interplay of Phenology and Reproduction in Ring-Tailed Lemurs: Implications for Ring-Tailed Lemur Conservation." Folia Primatologica 69, no. 1 (1998): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000052719.

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7

Vinyard, Christopher J., Christine E. Wall, Susan H. Williams, Kirk R. Johnson, and William L. Hylander. "Masseter electromyography during chewing in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 130, no. 1 (2006): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20307.

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8

Luzón, Mónica, Concepción de la Fuente-López, Eva Martínez-Nevado, Jesús Fernández-Morán, and Francisco Ponce-Gordo. "Taenia crassiceps Cysticercosis in a Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 41, no. 2 (June 2010): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2009-0062r.1.

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9

Spencer, J. A., K. S. Joiner, C. D. Hilton, J. P. Dubey, M. Toivio-Kinnucan, J. K. Minc, and B. L. Blagburn. "Disseminated Toxoplasmosis in a Captive Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)." Journal of Parasitology 90, no. 4 (August 2004): 904–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-249r.

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10

Makungu, Modesta, Wencke M. du Plessis, Michelle Barrows, Hermanus B. Groenewald, and Katja N. Koeppel. "Radiographic thoracic anatomy of the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta )." Journal of Medical Primatology 43, no. 3 (January 21, 2014): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jmp.12102.

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11

Eppley, Timothy M., Katie Hall, Giuseppe Donati, and Jörg U. Ganzhorn. "An unusual case of affiliative association of a female Lemur catta in a Hapalemur meridionalis social group." Behaviour 152, no. 7-8 (2015): 1041–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003267.

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Polyspecific associations are well documented, but have rarely been observed in strepsirrhines. In this study we present a unique affiliative association between a female ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) and a group of southern bamboo lemurs (Hapalemur meridionalis) in south-east Madagascar. Our main research focused onH. meridionalis; however, due to the presence of theL. cattawe treated her as a group member, including her in the focal sampling ofHapalemursocial behaviour. We also recorded ad libitum data on all food species/items and any unique events or occurrences. Among observations, both species appeared to have a mutual understanding of vocalisations, behavioural synchronisation, dietary overlap, and possible service exchange, e.g., grooming. We also observed theL. cattaoccasionally attending to the bamboo lemur infant. This included grooming, baby-sitting, and even transporting the infant. The behavioural flexibility exhibited by both species has allowed the successful integration of the female ring-tailed lemur.
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12

Bolt, Laura M. "Agonistic vocalization behaviour in the male ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)." Primates 62, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-020-00878-3.

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13

Blakeslee, Barbara, and Gerald H. Jacobs. "Color Vision in the Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 26, no. 3-4 (1985): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000118772.

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14

Nemeth, N. M., U. Blas-Machado, P. Cazzini, J. Oguni, M. S. Camus, K. K. Dockery, and A. M. Butler. "Well-differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)." Journal of Comparative Pathology 148, no. 2-3 (February 2013): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.05.013.

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15

Bolt, Laura M., and Erica Tennenhouse. "Contact calling behaviour in the male ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)." Ethology 123, no. 9 (July 3, 2017): 614–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12637.

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16

Bolt, Laura M. "The Function of Howling in the Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)." International Journal of Primatology 34, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9654-8.

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17

Cunningham, Elena P., Devin Edmonds, Laura Stalter, and Malvin N. Janal. "Ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) use olfaction to locate distant fruit." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 175, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24255.

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18

Koyama, Naoki. "Mating behavior of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Berenty, Madagascar." Primates 29, no. 2 (April 1988): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02381120.

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19

Kittler, Klara, and Silvio Dietzel. "Female infanticide and female-directed lethal targeted aggression in a group of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)." Primate Biology 3, no. 2 (August 16, 2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-3-41-2016.

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Abstract. We report on extremely rare events of lethal aggression in a semi-captive group of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) during the birth season 2014. This aggression was targeted against the two highest-ranking females. It led to their eviction from the group and following a final aggressive interaction four days later to their deaths caused by almost all the females and probably even two males of their former group. These events of targeted aggression erupted initially following an infanticide by the highest-ranking female directed at the offspring of a subordinate. Even for ring-tailed lemurs this is a very special case of changeover of power between two different matrilines in a group. In accordance with other studies we suggest that these events of targeted aggression were based on the growing group size and were acts of female reproductive competition during birth season. With the intensity of the events we add new aspects to the existing knowledge of aggressive interactions in ring-tailed lemurs.
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20

PASTORINI, J., P. FERNANDO, M. R. J. FORSTNER, and D. J. MELNICK. "Characterization of new microsatellite loci for the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)." Molecular Ecology Notes 5, no. 1 (March 2005): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00865.x.

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21

Merlin, Tristan, and Kata Veres-Nyéki. "The use of atracurium in an anaesthetized ring-tailed lemur ( Lemur catta )." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 44, no. 6 (November 2017): 1403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2017.05.006.

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22

Farhall, E. J., and J. C. Litten-Brown. "Ring-tailed Lemur (lemur catta) behaviour and nutrition at Cotswold Wildlife Park." Advances in Animal Biosciences 1, no. 1 (April 2010): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470010002530.

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23

Makungu, Modesta, Wencke M. du Plessis, Michelle Barrows, Hermanus B. Groenewald, and Katja N. Koeppel. "RADIOGRAPHIC AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ABDOMINAL ANATOMY IN CAPTIVE RING-TAILED LEMURS (LEMUR CATTA)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47, no. 2 (June 2016): 573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2015-0046.1.

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24

Oda, Ryo. "Scent Marking and Contact Call Production in Ring-Tailed Lemurs(Lemur catta)." Folia Primatologica 70, no. 2 (1999): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021684.

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25

Evans, C. S., and R. W. Goy. "Social behaviour and reproductive cycles in captive Ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)*." Journal of Zoology 156, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1968.tb05928.x.

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26

Sauther, Michelle L., and Frank P. Cuozzo. "Somatic Variation in Living, Wild Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)." Folia Primatologica 79, no. 2 (2008): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000108589.

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27

Pride, R. Ethan. "Optimal group size and seasonal stress in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)." Behavioral Ecology 16, no. 3 (February 2, 2005): 550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/ari025.

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28

Merritt, Dustin, Evan L. MacLean, Sarah Jaffe, and Elizabeth M. Brannon. "A comparative analysis of serial ordering in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)." Journal of Comparative Psychology 121, no. 4 (2007): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.121.4.363.

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29

Ethan Pride, R. "High faecal glucocorticoid levels predict mortality in ring-tailed lemurs ( Lemur catta )." Biology Letters 1, no. 1 (March 22, 2005): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2004.0245.

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30

Hosey, Geoffrey R., and Robin J. Thompson. "Grooming and touching behaviour in captive ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta L.)." Primates 26, no. 1 (January 1985): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02389051.

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31

Ichino, Shinichiro. "Troop fission in wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Berenty, Madagascar." American Journal of Primatology 68, no. 1 (January 2006): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20208.

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32

Parga, J. A., and R. G. Lessnau. "Dispersal among male ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) on St. Catherines Island." American Journal of Primatology 70, no. 7 (2008): 650–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20542.

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33

Lim, Efrem S., Sharon L. Deem, Ingrid J. Porton, Song Cao, and David Wang. "Species-Specific Transmission of Novel Picornaviruses in Lemurs." Journal of Virology 89, no. 7 (January 28, 2015): 4002–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03342-14.

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ABSTRACTThe roles of host genetics versus exposure and contact frequency in driving cross-species transmission remain the subject of debate. Here, we used a multitaxon lemur collection at the Saint Louis Zoo in the United States as a model to gain insight into viral transmission in a setting of high interspecies contact. Lemurs are a diverse and understudied group of primates that are highly endangered. The speciation of lemurs, which are endemic to the island of Madagascar, occurred in geographic isolation apart from that of continental African primates. Although evidence of endogenized viruses in lemur genomes exists, no exogenous viruses of lemurs have been described to date. Here we identified two novel picornaviruses in fecal specimens of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). We found that the viruses were transmitted in a species-specific manner (lesavirus 1 was detected only in ring-tailed lemurs, while lesavirus 2 was detected only in black-and-white ruffed lemurs). Longitudinal sampling over a 1-year interval demonstrated ongoing infection in the collection. This was supported by evidence of viral clearance in some animals and new infections in previously uninfected animals, including a set of newly born triplets that acquired the infection. While the two virus strains were found to be cocirculating in a mixed-species exhibit of ring-tailed lemurs, black-and-white ruffed lemurs, and black lemurs, there was no evidence of cross-species transmission. This suggests that despite high-intensity contact, host species barriers can prevent cross-species transmissions of these viruses.IMPORTANCEUp to 75% of emerging infectious diseases in humans today are the result of zoonotic transmission. However, a challenge in understanding transmission dynamics has been the limited models of cross-species transmission. Zoos provide a unique opportunity to explore parameters defining viral transmission. We demonstrated that ongoing virus transmission in a mixed lemur species exhibit was species specific. This suggests that despite high contact intensity, host species barriers contribute to protection from cross-species transmission of these viruses. While the combinations of species might differ, most zoological parks worldwide commonly feature mixed-species exhibits. Collectively, this report demonstrates a widely applicable approach toward understanding infectious disease transmission.
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TAKEMURA, Akimichi, Hiromi IKE, Isumi TODA, Yoshitaka TAMADA, Toshio MOURI, Nobuo SHIGEHARA, and Fumihiko SUWA. "SEM Studies of the Lingual Papillae of the Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)." Primate Research 18, no. 1 (2002): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2354/psj.18.35.

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35

Modesto, Monica, Samanta Michelini, Ilaria Stefanini, Camillo Sandri, Caterina Spiezio, Annamaria Pisi, Gianfranco Filippini, Bruno Biavati, and Paola Mattarelli. "Bifidobacterium lemurum sp. nov., from faeces of the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_6 (June 1, 2015): 1726–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000162.

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Four Gram-positive-staining, microaerophilic, non-spore-forming, fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive bacterial strains were isolated from a faecal sample of a 5-year-old ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta). The strains showed a peculiar morphology, resembling a small coiled snake, a ring shape, or forming a little ‘Y’ shape. The isolated strains appeared identical, and LMC 13T was chosen as a representative strain and characterized further. Strain LMC 13T showed an A3β peptidoglycan type, similar to that found in Bifidobacterium longum . The DNA base composition was 57.2 mol% G+C. Almost-complete 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoB, dnaJ, dnaG, purF, clpC and rpoC gene sequences were obtained, and phylogenetic relationships were determined. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain LMC 13T showed the highest similarity to B. longum subsp. suis ATCC 27533T (96.65 %) and Bifidobacterium saguini DSM 23967T (96.64 %). Strain LMC 13T was located in an actinobacterial cluster and was more closely related to the genus Bifidobacterium than to other genera in the Bifidobacteriaceae . On the basis of these results, strain LMC 13T represents a novel species within the genus Bifidobacterium , for which the name Bifidobacterium lemurum sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is LMC 13T ( = DSM 28807T = JCM 30168T).
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36

Milliken, Garrett W., Chris Forsythe, and Jeanette P. Ward. "Multiple measures of hand-use lateralization in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)." Journal of Comparative Psychology 103, no. 3 (1989): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.103.3.262.

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37

Zaonarivelo, John R., Rambinintsoa Andriantompohavana, Gary E. Shore, Shannon E. Engberg, Susie M. McGuire, Edward E. Louis, and Rick A. Brenneman. "Characterization of 21 microsatellite marker loci in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)." Conservation Genetics 8, no. 5 (December 14, 2006): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9259-x.

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38

LaFleur, Marni, Kim E. Reuter, Michael B. Hall, Hoby H. Rasoanaivo, Stuart McKernan, Paulo Ranaivomanana, Anita Michel, et al. "Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Pet Ring-Tailed Lemur, Madagascar." Emerging Infectious Diseases 27, no. 3 (March 2021): 977–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2703.202924.

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39

Larsen, R. Scott, Michelle L. Sauther, and Frank P. Cuozzo. "Evaluation of Modified Techniques for Immobilization of Wild Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 42, no. 4 (December 2011): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2011-0004.1.

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40

Starling, Anne P., Marie J. E. Charpentier, Courtney Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth S. Scordato, and Christine M. Drea. "Seasonality, sociality, and reproduction: Long-term stressors of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta)." Hormones and Behavior 57, no. 1 (January 2010): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.09.016.

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41

Parga, Joyce A. "Nocturnal ranging by a diurnal primate: are ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) cathemeral?" Primates 52, no. 3 (July 2011): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10329-011-0257-3.

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42

Hansell, Madeleine, Angelica Åsberg, and Matthias Laska. "Food preferences and nutrient composition in zoo-housed ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta." Physiology & Behavior 226 (November 2020): 113125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113125.

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43

Houdellier, Blandine, Laurent Locquet, Jimmy H. Saunders, Bart J. G. Broeckx, Tim Bouts, and Pascale Smets. "THORACIC RADIOGRAPHY AND TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN CLINICALLY HEALTHY RING-TAILED LEMURS (LEMUR CATTA)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 51, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2019-0102.

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44

Parga, Joyce A., Michelle L. Sauther, Frank P. Cuozzo, Ibrahim Antho Youssouf Jacky, Richard R. Lawler, Robert W. Sussman, Lisa Gould, and Jennifer Pastorini. "Paternity in wild ring‐tailed lemurs ( Lemur catta ): Implications for male mating strategies." American Journal of Primatology 78, no. 12 (July 8, 2016): 1316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22584.

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45

St Clair, John, Roisin Campbell-Palmer, and Richard Lathe. "Sex Ratios Provide Evidence for Monozygotic Twinning in the Ring-Tailed Lemur,Lemur catta." Twin Research and Human Genetics 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.84.

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Monozygotic (MZ) twinning is generally considered to be rare in species other than human. We inspected sex ratios in European zoo-bred ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta), revealing a significant excess of same-sex twins. Of 94 pairs, 60 (64%) were either both males or both females (p= .004). Application of the Weinberg differential rule argues that 27% of all twins in this species are MZ pairs. In this protected species, where twinning is commonplace (~50% of newborns are twins), the probable existence of frequent MZ twinning has ramifications for breeding programs aimed to maximize genetic diversity, and suggests that twin studies in a species other than human could have potential as a medical research tool.
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46

Volfova, Martina, Zuzana Machovcova, Eva Voslarova, Iveta Bedanova, and Vladimir Vecerek. "Comparison of the Glucocorticoid Concentrations between Three Species of Lemuridae Kept in a Temporary Housing Facility." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061013.

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We compared the glucocorticoid concentrations in response to various types of potential stressors present during standard operation of a temporary housing facility between three species, namely, ring-tailed lemurs, collared brown lemurs and white-headed lemurs. The levels of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) were measured non-invasively on a daily basis during a 30-day period. A total of 510 faecal samples were collected. Concentrations of immunoreactive glucocorticoid hormone metabolites were measured in the obtained extracts by using an enzyme immunoassay. The polyclonal antibodies used in this assay were directed against the metabolite 11-oxo-etiocholanolone I. We found all three monitored lemur species to respond to specific potentially stressful situations by increasing (p < 0.05) the FGM levels within one to two days after the event. Although housed in the same room, differences in response to potentially stressful situations were found in white-headed lemurs compared to ring-tailed lemurs. Increased mean levels of the FGMs were found more frequently in white-headed lemurs than in ring-tailed lemurs. The results suggest that this species may be more sensitive to changes in its surroundings. In general, the levels of the FGMs showed a similar pattern during 30 days of monitoring suggesting that all groups of lemurs responded in a similar manner to the same events. However, we recorded the differences in the absolute values of glucocorticoid concentrations between the monitored species likely due to the differences in sex ratios in the groups and presence of lactating females in the ring-tailed lemurs.
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47

Bennett, Allyson J., Jeannette P. Ward, Garrett W. Milliken, and Donna K. Stafford. "Analysis of lateralized components of feeding behavior in the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)." Journal of Comparative Psychology 109, no. 1 (1995): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.109.1.27.

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48

Suárez-Bonnet, A., P. Herráez, E. Rodríguez Grau-Bassas, A. Perera Molinero, A. Chivite, and A. Espinosa de los Monteros. "Mammary Adenomyoepithelioma in a Ring-Tailed Lemur (Lemur catta): Gross, Microscopical and Immunohistochemical Features." Journal of Comparative Pathology 154, no. 1 (January 2016): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.094.

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49

Suárez-Bonnet, A., E. Rodríguez Grau-Bassas, P. Herráez, O. Quesada-Canales, S. L. Priestnall, and A. Espinosa de los Monteros. "Benign Bilateral Adenomyoepithelioma of the Mammary Gland in a Ring-tailed Lemur ( Lemur catta )." Journal of Comparative Pathology 157, no. 2-3 (August 2017): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.06.009.

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50

Drea, Christine M., and Anne Weil. "External genital morphology of the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta): Females are naturally “masculinized”." Journal of Morphology 269, no. 4 (October 30, 2007): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10594.

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