Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rink

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Rink'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rink"

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Banasky, Carmiel. "Rink." Prairie Schooner 89, no. 4 (2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2016.0071.

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Levi, A. F. J., and Daniel S. Chemla. "Stefan Schmitt‐Rink." Physics Today 46, no. 3 (March 1993): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2808857.

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KLUG, NATE. "EMPTY ICE RINK." Yale Review 98, no. 2 (April 2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9736.2010.00606.x.

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Brazaitis, Mark. "The Rink Girl." Ploughshares 40, no. 1 (2014): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2014.0033.

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KLUG, NATE. "EMPTY ICE RINK." Yale Review 98, no. 2 (2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2010.0053.

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Schinto, Jeanne, Cynthia Baughman, and Joan Ryan. "On the Rink of Disaster." Women's Review of Books 13, no. 3 (December 1995): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4022329.

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Göbel, E., and H. Haug. "Nachruf auf Stefan Schmitt-Rink." Physik Journal 48, no. 10 (October 1992): 826–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19920481017.

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Шаронов, Иван, Ivan Sharonov, Владимир Курдюмов, Vladimir Kurdyumov, Виктор Курушин, Viktor Kurushin, Вячеслав Прошкин, and Vyacheslav Proshkin. "SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF TILLAGE RINK." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 2, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17449.

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The purpose of research is improving the quality of surface tillage during sowing of winter crops and, as a result, crops yield increasing. Quality compacting soil tillage rinks affect its physical and mechanical properties, such as moisture content, structure, and density, optimum value of which is regulated agronomic requirements for cultivation of specific agricultural crops. These properties affect the quality of seeding and water-air regime of the soil. Therefore, when conducting experimental studies, moisture content, structure, and soil density was controlled to optimize parameters and modes of operation of the rink to bring the above soil properties in compliance with agro-technical requirements. The quality of soil the proposed rink was assessed in comparison with existing rinks. The criterion of quality was the factor of conformity to the standard kcs, which characterizes the compliance of the density and structure of the soil reference values established by the agrotechnical requirements. The result of the research revealed that the maximum value of kcs = 0.84 is achieved at a speed ofv = 11 km/h and the ballast mass m = 78 kg. After tillage rinks seeder the factor of conformity to the standard kcs = 0.68; after soil tillage the existing rink kcs = 0.71; and after the processing of the proposed soil-cultivating rink the factor of conformity to the standard amounted to kcs = 0.84, which is significantly higher than after soil tillage of existing rink. While the specific metal content of the proposed ice rink will not exceed 116 kg per 1 m of width, which is 2.4 times less than that of the rink 3CCH-6 (283.6 kg/m).
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Somrani, Rajeh, Jung Mun, and Moncef Krarti. "Heat transfer beneath ice-rink floors." Building and Environment 43, no. 10 (October 2008): 1687–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.10.016.

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Mun, Junghyon, and Moncef Krarti. "Optimal insulation for ice rink floors." Energy and Buildings 108 (December 2015): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.09.046.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rink"

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NGUYEN, TUYET. "Carbon dioxide in ice rink refrigeration." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118099.

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The average energy consumption of one ice rink is around 1000MWh/year, which approximately69% is occupied by the refrigeration unit and heating demand. With the aim of decreasing theenergy consumption, a new concept of refrigeration system with CO2 as a refrigerant has beendeveloped and it is promising to become a high potential next generation for refrigeration systemin ice rink.This thesis is to evaluate a new refrigerant application in ice rink refrigeration system underthree different aspects; energy performance, heat recovery potential and economic efficiency. Inorder to make this evaluation, three main tasks are executed. Firstly, literature review and marketstatistic are processed to give a general picture of the CO2 development as a refrigerant. Secondly, asoftware Pack Calculation II is used for the simulations of CO2 refrigeration system and traditionalice rink refrigeration system. Älta ice rink located in Sweden, is chosen as a reference case forsimulation’s input data. The simulation results is to compare these system in terms of energyperformance and heat recovery potential. Finally, life cycle cost of these systems is calculated toinvestigate the economic benefits from this new application.Results from this study show good benefits of the new CO2 application in ice rink. Fromthe market statistics, CO2 has become a successful refrigerant in supermarket food and beverageindustry with 1331 CO2 refrigeration system installed until 2011 in Europe (Shecco2012). In icerink industry, 24 ice rinks have been applied CO2 in the second cycle of refrigeration system; oneice rink in Canada applied a refrigeration system with only CO2 in the first cycle and the distributionsystem.From the simulation’s result, CO2 full system has been proven as the most efficiency sys-tem with the lowest energy consumption (30% lower than NH3/Brine system and 46% lower thanCO2/Brine system) and the highest COP (6.4 in comparison with 4.9 of NH3/Brine system and4.37 of CO2/Brine system). Regarding heat recovery potential, CO2 full system has highest energysaving in comparison with the other two systems.Due to lower energy cost and service cost, the life cycle cost of CO2 full system is loweraround 13% than the traditional NH3/Brine system, furthermore, the component cost of CO2 sys-tem is promising to decrease in the next years thanks to the rapid development of this market insupermarket industry.To conclude, CO2 full system has high potential to become a next generation of refrigerationsystem in ice rink, however, because of its transcritical working, this application can be restrictedin the regions of warm climate.
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Kaya, Roni. "Energy Usage in Ice Rink Resurfacing." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212928.

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Ishallar kräver stora mängder energi för sin verksamhet. Undersökningar har visat att en typisk ishall i Sverige använder ca 1 000 MWh per år. Data från de mest effektiva ishallarna har visat att en väl utformad ishall kan nå en energiförbrukning på mindre än 500 MWh per år, vilket ger en stor potential för energisparande åtgärder. En statistisk studie av ett stort antal ishallar i Sverige har visat att kylsystemet har den största andelen av den totala energianvändningen i en ishall, motsvarande 43% i genomsnitt. Kylsystemets energianvändning är kraftigt beroende av olika värmebelastningar på isytan. Tidigare studier har fastställt andelarna i den totala värmebelastningen i ishallar som visat att de värmelaster som uppstår vid avspolning av isytan motsvarar mellan 14-17% av den totala värmelasten. I denna undersökning har spolvattnets volym och temperatur utvärderats med insamlad data genom experimentella mätningar och analyserats vidare med målet att bestämma andelen i totala värmbelastningen och föreslå energisparande åtgärder. Resultaten av studien bygger på data som samlats in i fem olika ishallar i Stockholm, och visar att de flesta fyllningar har en volym mellan 300-500 liter vid en temperatur mellan 30-50°C. Större volymer och högre temperaturer ökar värmebelastningen på isen genom latent och sensibel värme, vilket innebär att mindre volymer och lägre temperaturer minskar värmebelastningen och i sin tur energianvändningen. Undersökningen visar också att energiförbrukningen vid laddning av ismaskinerna varierar och pekar åt att förbrukningen ökar med äldre maskiner. Studien visar att genomsnittliga energiförbrukningen för de fem ishallarna vid en avspolning är 18 kWh i en hall med 100% värmeåtervinning (18% till laddning av ismaskin och 82% till kylsystemets kompressor) och 36 kWh utan värmeåtervinning (9% till laddning av ismaskin, 49% uppvärmning av spolvatten och 42% till kylsystemets kompressor), vilket indikerar en besparing i energiförbrukning genom integrerat värmeåtervinningssystem. Andelen av den totala värmelasten från mätningar visar att i genomsnitt 11% av totala värmebelastningen uppstår på grund av avspolningar. Resultaten har visat att vattentemperaturen vid utloppet av tanken skiljer sig avsevärt från fyllningstemperaturen. Detta innebär att den önskade spolvattentemperaturen skiljer sig från vad som faktiskt läggs på isen. I sin tur innebär det en stor energiförlust mellan 7 000-14 000 kWh / säsong för de undersökta ishallarna.
Ice rink operations require significant amounts of energy. It has been concluded that a typical single sheet ice rink in Sweden uses around 1 000 MWh per year. Data from the most efficient ice rinks has shown that a well-designed ice rink could reach an energy usage of less than 500 MWh per year, which leaves a great potential for energy saving actions. A statistical study of a large number of ice rinks in Sweden has shown that the refrigeration system has the largest share of the total energy usage in an ice rink, corresponding to 43% in average. The energy consumption of the refrigeration system is depending on various heat loads on the ice surface. Previous studies has determined the shares of the total heat load in ice rinks, concluding that one of the four largest heat loads in an ice rink comes from the ice resurfacing, corresponding to 14-17%. Floodwater volume and temperature has been evaluated by collecting data through experimental measurements and further analysed with the goal to find energy saving actions. The results of the study are based on data collected in five different ice rinks in Stockholm, Sweden and shows that most fillings of resurfacing machines has a volume between 300-500 litres at a temperature between 30-50°C. Larger volumes and higher temperatures increase the heat load on the ice surface through latent and sensible heat, which means that smaller volumes and lower temperatures decrease the energy consumption. It has also been concluded that older resurfacing machines are larger energy consumers compared with newer models. The study shows that the energy consumption for an average resurfacing process 18 kWh with 100% heat recovery (18% from charging and 82% compressor electricity) and 36 kWh without heat recovery (9% from charging, 49% heating electricity and 42% compressor electricity), which indicates a decrease in energy consumption in ice rinks with heat recovery. The resurfacing share of the total heat loads from the measurements show that in average 11% of the heat load occurs by ice resurfacings. The results have shown that the water temperature at the outlet of the tank differs substantially from the filling temperature. This means that the desired floodwater temperature is different from what you actually get and there is a large waste in energy consumption for heating as the desired resurfacing temperature is rarely achieved. Studies show an approximate waste in energy consumption between 7 000 - 14 000 kWh/season.
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Karampour, Mazyar. "MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF ICE RINK HEAT LOADS." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-61330.

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Ice rinks are among the most energy intensive public buildings in developed and developing countries. According to a research on Swedish ice rinks; a typical ice rink consumes approximately 1185 MWh/year which leads to more than 300 GWh/year for the 342 Swedish indoor ice rinks. The refrigeration system is usually the largest consumer by 43% average share of the total energy consumption.  To decrease the refrigeration system energy demand, there are a variety of energy efficiency techniques known and available but the key to select the best ones is finding the major heat loads on the ice sheet and refrigeration system, which is unique for each ice rink. To fulfil this objective and in addition to review literature, this study has two main approaches. The first approach is to measure and evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system in two ice rinks, called Norrtälje and Älta. The estimated cooling capacity is approximately equal to the total heat load on the ice plus the heat gains in the distribution system. This goal has been accomplished by using a performance analyser called “ClimaCheck” which is based on an “internal method” because it uses the compressor as an internal mass flow meter and consequently, there is no need for an external one. The refrigerant mass flow rate is calculated by an energy balance over the compressor. By knowing the mass flow, enthalpy of the refrigerant, etc. the cooling capacity and COP of the system can be calculated. While the total heat load is known by the first approach, the second approach tries to discover different heat loads shares by analytical modelling. The measured physical and thermodynamical parameters plus the ice rink geometrical characteristics are input to the heat transfer correlations to estimate the heat load magnitude. The results of the measurements show that the total energy consumption in Norrtälje is about two third of Älta. The main reasons for this less energy consumption are smarter control systems for compressors and pumps, better ventilation distribution design and 1°C-2°C higher ice temperature.      Analytical modelling for a sample day has estimated that about 84% of the total heat loads is originated from the heat loads on ice sheet while the distribution system causes the remaining 16%. Moreover, calculations show that convection plus small portion of condensation (altogether 36%), radiation (23%), ice resurfacing (14%) and lighting (7%) are the largest heat loads in winter while in summer condensation is another significant heat load (10%). Comparing two six-hour periods, one without ice resurfacing and four resurfacings in the second one, 30% more cooling demand has been calculated for the second period. Furthermore, it has been shown that the evaporator to brine is the contributor for 66% of the heat transfer resistances from ice to evaporator while brine to bottom ice and bottom to top ice accounts for 27% and 7% respectively. To conclude, a parallel “performance analysis of the refrigeration system” and “heat loads estimation” proves to be a useful tool for adopting proper design and control for energy efficient operation.
Stoppsladd financed by Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) and Swedish Ice Hockey Association
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Thanasoulas, Sotirios. "Evaluation of CO2 Ice rink heat recovery system performance." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-245233.

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Ice rinks are the largest energy consumers in terms of public buildings due to their simultaneous need of cooling, heating, ventilation, and lighting for different parts of the building which means that these facilities also have a lot of potential for energy saving. Due to the size of the cooling unit in an ice rink the refrigerant charge can become quite high, which potentially has a big impact on the environment. CO2 refrigeration units could cover all these challenges that are linked to ice rink operation. CO2 as a refrigerant has a very low impact on the environment and at the same time it could provide enough energy to cover the heating demands of an ice rink. CO2-based systems should operate in trans-critical mode which affects the performance of the refrigeration system, but by using the released heat that otherwise would be rejected to the ambience the total energy consumption becomes lower. The process of heat recovery is therefore vital for an efficient system. The refrigeration unit can produce enough energy to cover all the heating demands of an ice rink, but only when the heat recovery is controlled properly. The energy recovery method is very important, but it should also be tailored in order to cover all demands. This is because all the subsystems, i.e. demands, have different temperature and load requirements. The energy could be recovered in one or two stages from the refrigeration system. However, hardware is not enough in order to achieve proper operation, the system should also operate in the best conditions (discharge pressure and subcooling) in order to be efficient. The more proper operation, the less energy consumption.  This energy recovery method could also be used as subcooling in climates where the ambient temperature is very high, making CO2 a very efficient solution. Regular refrigerants are still often used in warm countries despite their high environmental impact. A refrigeration system using natural refrigerants and more specific CO2 does not have constraints, however. The only limitation is the wrong operation.
Isrinkar är de största energikonsumenterna när det gäller offentliga byggnader på grund av deras ständiga behov av nedkylning, uppvärmning, ventilation och belysning. Detta innebär också att anläggningarna har en stor potential att effektivisera sin energibesparing. Isrinkar konsumerar stora mängder kylmedel på grund av deras storlekar, vilket potentiellt har en stor negativ inverkan på miljön. CO2 kylenheter skulle kunna klara av alla dessa utmaningar som är kopplade till isrinkens drift. Att använda CO2 som en kylarvätska har en ytterst liten inverkan på miljön och kan dessutom bidra med tillräckligt mycket energi för att täcka uppvärmningsbehovet för en isrink. CO2 baserade system bör köras i ett transkritiskt läge vilket påverkar kylsystemets prestanda, men genom att återanvända den utsläppta värmen som annars skulle gå förlorad till omgivningen så blir den totala energiförbrukningen lägre. Värmeåtervinningsprocessen  är därför avgörande för ett effektivt energisystem. Kylaggregatet kan producera tillräckligt med energi för att täcka alla värmebehov för en isrink, men endast när värmeåtervinningen behärskas ordentligt. Energiåtervinningsmetoden är också väldigt viktig, men den bör skräddarsys för att täcka alla krav. Detta beror på att alla delsystem, dvs krav, har olika temperatur- och belastningskrav. Energin kan återvinnas i ett eller två stadier från kylsystemet. Tyvärr så räcker dock inte hårdvaran till för att uppnå en önskad drift, men systemet bör även fungera under de bästa förutsättningarna (utloppstryck och underkylning) för att vara effektiv. Ju bättre drift, desto mindre är energiförbrukningen. Denna energiåtervinningsmetod kan också användas som underkylning i varma klimat vilket gör CO2 till en mycket effektiv lösning. Vanliga typer av kylmedel används fortfarande ofta i varma länder trots att deras negativa miljöpåverkan. Ett kylsystem med ett naturligt kylmedel som till exempel koldioxid har emellertid inga begränsningar. Den enda begränsningen är den felaktiga hanteringen av driften.
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Kilberg, Brianna. "Aqua Ammonia as Secondary Fluid in Ice Rink Applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281954.

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Refrigerant management is crucial in the attempts to slow climate change. Emissions from the refrigeration sector are primarily due to poor management and unsafe destruction of refrigerants currently in circulation. Safe refrigerant management and improving system operating efficiency can result in a reduction of emissions. Ice rinks are some of the most energy-intensive public buildings, providing both heating and cooling. The major share of energy in an ice rink is the refrigeration system, which consumes about 43%. There are more than 360 ice rinks in Sweden as of 2018 and the most common type of refrigeration system is an indirect system. With the push for natural fluids, aqua ammonia is becoming a more appealing option as a secondary fluid in ice rinks because of its minimal negative impact on the environment and favorable thermophysical properties. The main drawbacks of the fluid are its toxic characteristics and material compatibility. However, since the first use in 2007, there has been an increase to 34 of the total ice rinks in Sweden that have aqua ammonia as a secondary fluid.  Thermophysical properties are used to calculate refrigeration design parameters, including secondary fluid concentration and pumping power required. The properties of aqua ammonia have not been experimentally tested within this century to the extent presented in this thesis. Existing data is either derived from measured values taken several decades ago or has been calculated. The novelty of this thesis project stems from the unique and more accurate results measured through laboratory work and from the ability to determine the impact of the newly measured values in ice rink refrigeration design. A total of 11 varying concentrations of aqua ammonia were tested for density, dynamic viscosity, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and corrosion of 7 metal specimens. The solutions tested ranged from 2 wt-% to 30 wt-%, correlating to freezing points from -2C to -84C. The measurements for density resulted in values similar to reference values, ranging in a difference of only 0.3% to 1.7%. Dynamic viscosity results followed nearly the same trend as references with changing temperature and solution concentration, with values varying from 0.8% to 17% different than references. Specific heat capacity measurements proved significantly different than reference values. The trend is opposite of the reference, leading to drastically different values, especially at lower temperatures and higher solution concentrations. The difference in values ranges from 0.1% to 28%. Thermal conductivity results show similar trends, but higher values than expected. The difference between measured values and reference values range from 0.1% to 13%. Corrosion results show that copper and brass have the highest corrosion rates of 16.2 mm/yr and 1.84 mm/yr, respectively. The most compatible specimen was stainless steel, followed by carbon steel, with maximum corrosion rates of 0.041 mm/yr and 0.11 mm/yr, respectively. Brass connections commonly used in industry were also tested and resulted in corrosion rates ranging from 69.6 g/yr to 112 g/yr, which accounts for about 1% and 1.5% of the connections’ total weight lost per year. Compiling the laboratory measurements taken during the completion of this thesis project results in a more complete and accurate list of thermophysical properties for aqua ammonia that has never existed before.  These updated thermophysical properties for aqua ammonia, along with measured properties for other secondary fluids, were used to calculate operational parameters in a hypothetical ice rink refrigeration system. The results show that aqua ammonia is favorable with high COP and low pumping power, and therefore low pressure drop. Ammonia is most comparable to CaCl2 and K-formate for most results. The changes in calculated COP between old reference data and new measured data were less than a 1% decrease when plotting versus the temperature of the ice surface and with a set pump control (T) for cooling capacities of 200kW and 300kW. The change in heat transfer coefficients was more significant, with a range of about a 9% to 27% decrease in either the U-pipe under the rink floor or in a plate of the heat exchanger. Even though these heat transfer coefficient values are lower than previously calculated, the required pumping power is also lower using updated properties: 40% lower at a secondary fluid temperature of -10C. Even though the change in heat transfer coefficients is larger with experimental values, the impact on COP is minimal.  The takeaway from this project is that aqua ammonia is a favorable secondary fluid compared to calcium chloride and ethylene glycol, the two most commonly used secondary fluids in ice rink refrigeration. A system using aqua ammonia would have a 45% and 47% lower pumping power requirement compared to calcium chloride and ethylene glycol, respectively. The system would also have a 4.7% and 11.6% higher COP when compared to systems with calcium chloride and ethylene glycol, respectively. The significantly lower pumping power will lower total energy demand of the ice rink, thus decreasing operation costs.
Köldmediehantering är avgörande i försöken att sakta ner klimatförändringen. Utsläppen från kylsektorn beror främst på dålig hantering och osäker destruktion av köldmedier som för närvarande är i omlopp. Säkrare hantering av köldmedium och förbättrad systemdriftseffektivitet kan leda till ett minskat utsläpp. Ishallar är några av de mest energiintensiva offentliga byggnaderna som ger både uppvärmning och kylning. Den största andelen energi i en ishall är kylsystemet som förbrukar cirka 43%. Det finns mer än 360 isbanor i Sverige från och med 2018 och den vanligaste typen av kylsystem är ett indirekt system. Med trycket på naturliga vätskor blir ammoniakvatten ett mer tilltalande alternativ som en köldbärare i ishallar på grund av dess minimala negativa påverkan på miljön och gynnsamma termofysikaliska egenskaper. Köldbärares främsta nackdelar är dess toxiska karaktär och materialkompatibilitet. Sedan den första användningen 2007 har det dock skett en ökning till 34 av de totala ishallar i Sverige som har ammoniakvatten som köldbärare.  Termofysikaliska egenskaper används för att beräkna parametrar för kyldesign, inklusive köldbärares koncentration och pumpeffekten som krävs. Ammoniakvattens egenskaper har inte testats experimentellt under detta sekel i den utsträckning som presenteras i detta exjobb. Befintliga data härleds antingen från uppmätta värden som tagits för flera decennier sedan eller har beräknats. Nyheten härrör i detta exjobbsprojekt från de unika och mer exakta resultat som mätts genom laboratoriearbetet och från förmågan att bestämma effekten av de nyligen uppmätta värdena i kylskåpsdesign. Totalt 11 olika koncentrationer av ammoniakvatten testades med avseende på densitet, dynamisk viskositet, specifik värmekapacitet, värmeledningsförmåga och korrosion av 7 metallprover. De testade lösningarna varierade från 2 vikt-% till 30 vikt-%, korrelerade med fryspunkter från -2 ° C till -84 ° C. Mätningarna för densitet resulterade i värden som liknar referensvärdena, med en skillnad på endast 0,3% till 1,7%. Dynamiska viskositetsresultat följde nästan samma trend som referenser med förändrad temperatur och lösningskoncentration, med värden som varierade från 0,8% till 17% annorlunda än referenser. Specifika värmekapacitetsmätningar visade sig vara väsentligt annorlunda än referensvärden. Trenden är motsatt referensen, vilket leder till drastiskt olika värden, särskilt vid lägre temperaturer och högre koncentrationer. Skillnaden i värden varierar från 0,1% till 28%. Värmeledningsförmåga visar liknande trender, men högre värden än förväntat. Skillnaden mellan uppmätta värden och referensvärden sträcker sig från 0,1% till 13%. Korrosionsresultat visar att koppar och mässing har de högsta korrosionshastigheterna på 16,2 mm / år respektive 1,84 mm / år. Det mest kompatibla exemplet var rostfritt stål, följt av kolstål, med maximala korrosionshastigheter på 0,041 mm / år respektive 0,11 mm / år. Mässinganslutningar som vanligen används i industrin testades också och resulterade i korrosionshastigheter från 69,6 g / år till 112 g / år, vilket motsvarar för cirka 1% och 1,5% av anslutningarnas totala viktförlust per år. Att sammanställa laboratoriemätningarna som gjorts under slutförandet av detta projekt resulterar i en mer fullständig och noggrann lista över termofysikaliska egenskaper för ammoniakvatten som aldrig funnits tidigare.  Dessa uppdaterade termofysikaliska egenskaper för ammoniakvatten, tillsammans med uppmätta egenskaper för andra köldbärare, användes för att beräkna driftsparametrar i ett hypotetiskt kylsystem. Resultaten visar att ammoniakvatten är gynnsam med hög COP och en låg pumpeffekt och därmed ett lågt tryckfall. Ammoniakvatten är mest jämförbart med CaCl2 och K-formiat för de flesta resultat. Förändringarna i beräknad COP mellan gamla referensdata och nya uppmätta data var mindre än 1% minskning vid planering jämfört med isytans temperatur och med en inställd pumpkontroll (T ) för kylkapacitet på 200 kW och 300 kW. Förändringen i värmeövergångstal var mer signifikant, med ett intervall på cirka 9% till 27% minskning i antingen U-röret under golvet eller i en platta på värmeväxlaren. Även om dessa värmeövergångstal är lägre än tidigare beräknat, är den erforderliga pumpeffekten också lägre med hjälp av uppdaterade egenskaper: 40% lägre vid en köldbärarestemperatur på -10 ° C. Även om förändringen i värmeövergångstal är större med experimentella värden, är påverkan på COP minimal.  Slutsatser från detta projekt är att ammoniakvatten är en lämplig köldbärare jämfört med kalciumklorid och etylenglykol, de två vanligaste köldbärare i ishallskylning. Ett system som använder ammoniakvatten skulle ha ett pumpeffektbehov på 45% respektive 47% jämfört med kalciumklorid respektive etylenglykol. Systemet skulle också ha en 4,7% och 11,6% högre COP jämfört med system med kalciumklorid respektive etylenglykol. Den betydligt lägre pumpeffekten kommer att sänka det totala energibehovet för ishallar, vilket minskar driftskostnaderna.
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Li, Zhenji. "Study of superconductivity based on the Nozieres-Schmitt-Rink Formalism." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150814.

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Giller, Lisa Konstanze [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Rink, and Thomas [Gutachter] Vogl. "β-HCG-induzierte Hyperthyreose in der Schwangerschaft - Vermeidung von Fehlinterpretationen im Rahmen von Vorsorgeuntersuchungen / Lisa Konstanze Giller ; Gutachter: Thomas Rink, Thomas Vogl ; Betreuer: Thomas Rink." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136368132/34.

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Igual, Bueno Mario, and Azcona Jose Enrique Bielsa. "ANALISYS AND ENERGY SAVING MEASURES OF KASTVALLEN ICE HOCKEY RINK ARENA." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12349.

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Nowadays efficiency measures are more and more important because the price of the energy is increasing every year. Moreover, saving energy it is also important for decrease the environmental impact. Kastvallen is a hockey arena built in 1997 that cools the hockey rink with electric compressors. The changing rooms are heating by using district heating. Actually the total invoice of electricity is above the 800000 SEK. Meanwhile the district heating invoice reaches the 60000SEK. The aim of this project is reducing the amount of the electricity and heat invoice promoting smart energy improvements. The improvements proposals can be divided in three sections; energy savings of the changing rooms, efficiency increase of the compressors and dehumidifier energy savings. For heat the tap water and the changing room’s ventilation it is suggested to take profit from the heat released at the condenser and so reduce its heat load requirements. For this proposal two different configurations are studied. In order to increase the efficiency of the compressors the possibility of reducing the condenser temperature will be studied. Three proposals will be studied to carry out this commitment; Installing a condensing temperature control, installing a evaporate cooler and having a snow storage. Finally, one of the largest consumers of electricity in Kastvallen ice hockey rink is the dehumidifier. The current dehumidifier works with a desiccant wheel. The desiccant material extract the moisture from the processed air flow, after that the desiccant has to be reactivated with ‘fresh air’. This reactivation air needs to be heated 95ºC, so the waste air released after the reactivation of the desiccant is air at high temperature. The first proposal is preheat the reactivation air with the hot waste air in order to reduce the heating requirements, conducting this proposal the total money saved each year would be 41811 SEK with a Pay-back around 1 year. The second step is studied the possibility of heating the air with district heating, taking into account that district heating is three times cheaper than electricity, conducting this proposal the total money saved each year would be 45629 SEK with a Pay-back around 1 year. The last proposal is to combine preheating and heating with district heating, conducting this proposal the total money saved each year would be 61553 SEK with a Pay-back around 1.6 years. All the previous energy improvements proposals are studied with empirical and analytical methods and using the knowledge gained during the previous years of studies. The study concludes that the best proposal for the dehumidifier is combine the preheating and heating with district heating. In addition of the money saved, this measure allows to save 2.71 Tm of CO2 each year. For the refrigeration cycle, the study concludes that installing a controlled temperature control is the best option if the price of that is lower than 334726 SEK. If not the best option is heating the rooms and the ventilation with the condenser of the refrigeration cycle. These measures could reduce between 8% and 20% of the total energy invoice plus a considerable reduction of CO2 emissions. Evaporative cooling and snow storage would be studying after with the data of the first year of the condensing temperature control; if it is installed.
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BERG-LUNDFELDT, EMIL. "Field Measurements and Modelling Analysis of Integrated Ice Rink Energy Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280370.

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Behrn Arena in Örebro, Sweden, is an ice rink facility where the company is interested in ways of improving their current energy system in terms of energy efficiency. Currently, district cooling is purchased to reclaim the waste heat from the ice rink refrigeration system, which is further used as a heat source for local district heating distributor. In return, the cost of district heating is reduced. A techno-economic analysis was conducted where the current refrigeration and heating system in Behrn Arena was compared to three different scenarios. These were defined as the current refrigeration system with improved performance, the most common ice rink heating and refrigeration system in Sweden, and an ice rink with a trans-critical CO2-refrigeration system with heat recovery. Furthermore, alternatives to how the reclaimed heat may be utilized were investigated from an economic point of view. This included using the heat internally in the facility or selling the heat to a district heating distributor. From this study it was concluded that the current refrigeration system using district cooling as a heat sink, with the cost reductions, had a lower cost of operation relative to the typical ice rink in Sweden. Furthermore, a CO2-refrigeration system running in trans-critical operating conditions with two-stage heat recovery has potential of reducing the seasonal cost of energy of the current system with regards to heating and cooling by approximately 50 %. At the same time the heating demand coverage will be up to 89.5 %. Finally, selling heat to a district heating distributor proved to be unfavourable from a prosumer perspective if the waste heat could be utilised internally by the facility.
Behrn Arena i Örebro är en isrinkanläggning där intresse från fastighetsägaren finns för att förbättra det nuvarande energisystemet för ökad energieffektivitet. Det nuvarande systemet återvinner spillvärmen från kylaggregaten via det lokala fjärrkylanätet genom att anläggningen köper fjärrkyla. Spillvärmen används sedan som värmekälla för en värmepump som vidare distribuerar fjärrvärme. Ersättningen för att köpa fjärrkylan är en prissänkning av vad fastighetsägaren betalar för fjärrvärme. En teknoekonomisk analys genomfördes med syfte att jämföra det nuvarande kyloch värmesystemet med tre olika scenarier. Dessa definierades som en mer energieffektiv version av det nuvarande kylsystemet, det vanligaste kyl- och energisystemet för isrinkar i Sverige samt ett system för transkritiskt CO2 och värmeåtervinning i två steg. Därtill undersöktes olika alternativ för hur spillvärmen kan användas, till exempel genom att använda den internt eller sälja den till en fjärrvärmesdistributör. Från denna studie framkom det att det nuvarande kylsystemet med fjärrkyla som värmesänka, inklusive kostnadsreduktionen av fjärrvärme, hade en lägre driftkostnad jämfört med den typiska isrinken i Sverige. Därutöver finns potential att reducera driftenergikostnaden av det nuvarande energisystemet med avseende på kyla och värme med cirka 50 % genom att nyttja ett kylsystem med värmeåtervinning i två steg och en transkritisk kylcykel med CO2. Samtidigt uppgår täckningen av värmebehovet till 89,5 %. Slutligen framkom det att sälja spillvärme till en fjärrvärmedistributör är ekonomiskt ofördelaktigt om det finns ett värmebehov inom fastigheten.
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Rink, Kristian [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Bachert. "Signal-verstärkte multispektrale In-vivo-31P-Magnetresonanztomographie / Kristian Rink ; Betreuer: Peter Bachert." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180615174/34.

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Books on the topic "Rink"

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Guest, Jacqueline. Rink rivals. Toronto: J. Lorimer, 2010.

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Bolaño, Roberto. The skating rink. New York: New Directions, 2009.

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Punt, Irene. The rink rats. Toronto: Scholastic Canada, 2010.

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Rumors at the rink. Milwaukee, WI: Gareth Stevens Pub., 1998.

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Karl, Schwind, Kunsthalle der Sparkasse Leipzig, and Galerie Schwind, eds. Arno Rink: Malerei und Zeichnung. München: Hirmer, 2010.

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Turner, Andrew. Oxford ice-rink location game. [S.l: s.n.], 1985.

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Terrence, McNally, and Ebb Fred, eds. The rink: A new musical. London: S. French, 1985.

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1960-, Armentrout Patricia, ed. Hockey--the rink and equipment. Vero Beach, Fla: Rourke Press, 1998.

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Johnson, Tami. Girls' ice hockey: Dominating the rink. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2008.

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1962-, Temple Chuck, ed. Brady Brady and the great rink. New York: Stoddart Kids, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rink"

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Martemyanov, Kirill A., Pooja Parameswaran, Irene Aligianis, Mark Handley, Marga Gual-Soler, Tomohiko Taguchi, Jennifer L. Stow, et al. "RIN Family Proteins (RIN1, RIN2, and RIN3)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1681–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_217.

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Colicelli, John, Pamela Y. Ting, and Christine Janson. "RIN Family Proteins (RIN1, RIN2, and RIN3)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 4740–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_217.

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Pomerancevs, Juris, Jörgen Rogstam, and Agnese Līckrastiņa. "Utilisation of Ice Rink Waste Heat by Aid of Heat Pumps." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 453–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00662-4_38.

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Hesford, Catherine, Marco Cardinale, Stewart Laing, and Chris E. Cooper. "NIRS Measurements with Elite Speed Skaters: Comparison Between the Ice Rink and the Laboratory." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 81–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4989-8_12.

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Stark, Werner. "Notbehelf oder Edition? Die Ausgabe von Kants Vorlesung über Physische Geographie durch Friedrich Theodor Rink (1802)." In Kolleghefte, Kollegnachschriften und Protokolle, edited by Jörn Bohr, 21–36. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110647969-003.

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Viscusi, W. Kip. "Risk-Risk Analysis." In The Mortality Costs of Regulatory Expenditures, 5–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1360-1_1.

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West, R. "Ring-Ring and Chain-Ring Interconversion." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 75–78. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145326.ch44.

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Bunting, R. K. "Ring-Ring and Ring-Chain Interconversions." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 96–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145326.ch57.

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Tennant, D. R. "Risk evaluation, risk reduction and risk control." In Food Chemical Risk Analysis, 381–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1111-9_17.

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Allcock, H. R. "Organocyclophosphazenes: Ring-Ring and Ring-Polymer Interconversions." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 154–59. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145326.ch80.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rink"

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Flamaropol, Gianny. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND SKATING RINK TEMPERATURE VARIATION ANALYSIS FOR AN OUTDOOR ICE RINK�CASE STUDY." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/4.1/s17.042.

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Mun, Jung, and Moncef Krarti. "Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer From Ice Rink Floors." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99133.

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This paper describes an experimental set-up to evaluate the refrigeration loads for ice rink floors under controlled conditions. The ice-rink set-up was instrumented to measure the temperatures along various locations within the ice-rink floor including the water/ice layer. In addition, the energy used to freeze the water is monitored over the entire charging cycle to evaluate the performance of the ice rink floor for various insulation thermal resistance values (or R-values). Four floor insulation configurations are considered in the experimental analysis of R-0 (no insulation), R-4.2, R-6.7 and R-10 (in IP unit: hr.ft2.°F/Btu). The impact of the air temperature above the ice rink is also evaluated. The experimental results confirm that the addition of the thermal insulation beneath the ice-rink floor reduces the refrigeration load, decreased the time required to freeze the water above the ice rink, and helps maintain lower average ice temperature.
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Brill, Wolfgang. "Trapping of Nucleophiles by Rink Resin." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-1-02053.

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Zhang, Qing-Gang, and Le-Ren Tao. "The Development of the Expert System for Indoor Artificial Ice Skating Rink." In 2010 Third International Conference on Information and Computing Science (ICIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icic.2010.327.

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Burkov, I. A., M. A. Kolosov, A. A. Zharov, L. M. Kolishkin, and N. A. Andreev. "Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes in rooms with an ice rink." In SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5140122.

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Omri, Mohamed, and Nicolas Galanis. "PREDICTION OF AIRFLOW AND TEMPERATURE FIELD IN AN ICE RINK WITH RADIANT HEAT SOURCES." In Proceedings of CHT-08 ICHMT International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2008.cht.1090.

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"Thermal Analysis for Ice Rink Cooling and Building Heating Systems with Underground Storage Tank." In May 22-24, 2017 Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). International Institute of Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iie.e0517010.

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Wallace, Jay R. "A Case Study Of Applying Infrared Thermography To Identify A Coolant Leak In A Municipal Ice Skating Rink." In SPIE 1989 Technical Symposium on Aerospace Sensing, edited by Gregory B. McIntosh. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.953393.

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Nakaya, Koji, Shuhei Nishimaki, Osamu Mori, and Jun’Ichiro Kawaguchi. "Dynamics of Large Membrane for Solar Sail-Craft." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35919.

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This paper discusses dynamics of large membrane for achieving spinning solar sail-craft proposed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). For comprehending the dynamics, firstly, two types of grand-scale experiments were conducted. One was an ice rink experiment. The other was a balloon experiment. In the both experiments, we succeeded in deploying 10m and 20m diameter membrane and observing the motion. Secondly, we constructed a numerical model using a multi-particle method, and numerical simulations were conducted. We drew a comparison between results of experiments and numerical simulations. The effectively of the multi-particle model was then indicated in this paper.
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Pascual, Christopher C. "Capstone Thermal System Design Project Using Engineering Equation Solver (EES)." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61634.

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The capstone thermal system design course at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo has been modified to reinforce fundamental concepts in introductory fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and thermodynamics through a quarter-long design project. Through the use of Engineering Equation Solver (EES), the computational effort of thermal design is reduced; because EES has built-in thermophysical properties for most common solids, liquids, and gasses. As a result, the students can focus on design iterations and not on interpolation of property tables. At the end of the quarter, the students present their design to panelists who evaluate their design based on expected cost. In the past three years, the students have designed a hydronic snow-melting system, a ground source heat pump system for a small office building, a radiant heating system for a greenhouse, and a refrigeration system for an ice rink.
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Reports on the topic "Rink"

1

Hathcock, Charles Dean, and David Charles Keller. Los Alamos Canyon Ice Rink Parking Flood Plain Assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169678.

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Gourio, Francois. Credit Risk and Disaster Risk. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17026.

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He, Zhiguo, and Wei Xiong. Rollover Risk and Credit Risk. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15653.

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Jorion, Philippe. Bank Trading Risk and Systemic Risk. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11037.

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Tepikian, S., M. Blaskiewicz, C. Montag, and S. Peggs. An electron storage ring proposal for the Ring-Ring eRHIC project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1240706.

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Ait-Sahalia, Yacine, and Andrew Lo. Nonparametric Risk Management and Implied Risk Aversion. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6130.

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Andersen, Torben, Tim Bollerslev, Peter Christoffersen, and Francis Diebold. Financial Risk Measurement for Financial Risk Management. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18084.

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Flynn, James, and Paul Slovic. Low-Dose Risk, Decisions, and Risk Communication. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833457.

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Flynn, James. Low Dose Risk, Decisions, and Risk Communication. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833470.

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Brown, Jeffrey, Olivia Mitchell, and James Poterba. Mortality Risk, Inflation Risk, and Annuity Products. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7812.

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