Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Riots, 1831'

This project is an historical ethnography and a cultural history of the anti-black race riots and anti-abolition riots in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1829, 1836, and 1841. It is also a case history in an urban and commercial/early industrial context of the idea that violent social practices such as riots, as well as law and the customary practices of everyday living, are deployed as race making technologies, actually constructing racial categories. By extending this constructivist concept to the conversion of space to place through the human ascription of meaning, this study also examines racial violence as a strategy for place making - for establishing and maintaining Cincinnati as a white city, one in which the social practices of its white residents, including those of community development, consistently define and preserve the privileges of being white. Many sectors of the white-identified population performed this co-construction of race and place. Using a multi-disciplinary approach to method and theory, the discourses and practices of improvement - the community development of the period - and of race making in antebellum Cincinnati were analyzed using local newspapers and a variety of other published and unpublished sources from the period. Analysis of the overlapping discourses and practices of race making and the "Negro problem" and of improvement indicated that white Cincinnatians of all classes, men and women, participated in creating a local racialized culture of community development. This was a prevailing set of values and practices in the city based on assumptions about who could be improved, who could improve the city, and who should benefit from the city's improvements. The language of local improvement boosters was particularly powerful in synthesizing images of nation, region, and community in which a harmonious fit between the land, the virtuous population who comes to develop it, and the free and republican institutions they put on the land had no room for Negroes and mulattoes in the picture. White rioters, and those elites and city officials who enabled them to act, acted with them, or didn't stop them from assaulting Negroes, mulattoes, or the abolitionists who were their allies, and burning and looting their property, acted within a socio-cultural context of widespread local economic and social boosterism and improvementism. Using their local common sense about race relations, as well as about improving the community, the white residents of Cincinnati enacted a public strategy of community development to attempt to achieve a city with few Negroes. Racialized community development, instrumentalized though the collective violence of race riots and ant-abolition riots, made Cincinnati a whiter city.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.
Title from screen (viewed on February 1, 2010). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Marianne S. Wokeck, Jason M. Kelly, Anita J. Morgan. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-114).

Se realizará una breve descripción de los funerales de la elite chilena, en la época colonial, destacando, sus concepciones religiosas, indagando el tenor de sus testamentos, posteriormente se describirán los funerales repúblicanos. El principal objetivo, es destacar, que el rito funerario, se mantuvo en la época republicana, lo que cambio, fue la forma en que se llevo a cabo. Para lograr este propósito, se describirá, brevemente la actitud frente a la muerte en la época Colonial, ( siglo XVII y XVIII ) y los grandes cambios ocurridos en el siglo XVIII, específicamente la actitud de la ilustración frente a diferentes aspectos de la vida política y social chilena, luego se describirán, las características del período Repúblicano en relación a la actitud que se tenía sobre la muerte y cómo se llevaron a cabo los funerales.

Orientador: Robert W. Slenes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: No ano de 1832 foi descoberto um plano de revolta escrava em Campinas, envolvendo quinze fazendas. O objetivo deste trabalho é construir uma biografia coletiva dos escravos e do liberto envolvidos nesse plano de rebelião. Buscaremos acompanhar a trajetória desses revoltosos desde o momento em que chegaram na vila de Campinas até o ano de 1832. Levantaremos vários aspectos de suas vidas, como, por exemplo, a época em que chegaram na região, as procedências, os tipos de tarefas desempenhadas nas fazendas, as relações de parentesco e outros. Esperamos com isso tirar algumas conclusões para discutir a temática da comunidade escrava. Existiria uma comunidade escrava homogênea pelo simples fato de todos terem a mesma condição cativa? Ou os escravos eram bastante divididos entre si pelas diferenças de origem, sendo os crioulos (cativos nascidos no Brasil) menos propensos a se rebelarem contra os senhores que os africanos? Ou, ainda, seriam aqueles escravos casados e com profissões especializadas completamente estranhos à maioria dos cativos que não experimentavam essas vivências e totalmente avessos a rebeliões coletivas? O trabalho utiliza o método de ligação nominativa das fontes, baseado em cinco séries documentais: processo-crime de 1832, inventários, censos populacionais, registros de batismo e casamento escravo
Abstract: In the year of 1832 a plan of enslaved revolt in Campinas was discovered, involving fifteen farms. The objective of this work is to construct a collective biography of the slaves and of free people involved in this plan of rebellion. We will search to follow the trajectory of these rebels since the moment where they had arrived in the village of Campinas until the year of 1832. We will raise some aspects of its lives, as, for example, the time where they had arrived in the region, the origins, the types of tasks played in the farms, the relationships and others. We wait with this to obtain some conclusions to argue the thematic of the enslaved community. Would exist a homogeneous enslaved community for the simple fact of all to have the same captive condition? Or the slaves sufficiently were divided between itself for the origin differences, having been the crioulos (captive been born in Brazil) less inclined to rebel against the masters who the Africans? Or, still, they would be those slaves married and professions specialized completely strange to the majority of the captives who did not try these experiences and total opposite the collective rebellions? I will use five documents: the evidence produced during the repression, inventories, censuses, registers of baptism and enslaved marriage
Mestrado
Historia Social
Mestre em História

Events of collective anti-Jewish violence in the German Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century have received substantial scholarly attention in recent years. These investigations focus primarily on the events themselves, providing a historical analysis at a local level of their causes, course, and processes. Yet, historians have tended to eschew examinations of the responses of the wider press to such events. Based on four newspapers, affiliated with the Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish milieu, the thesis offers a wide-ranging insight into responses to anti-Jewish violence occurring in Germany and Russia in 1881-1882. It evaluates how collective violence in the so-called "civilized" countries of Europe was assessed and may have been legitimized. In the German Empire it was not possible to openly call for violence, considering the strict notions of law and order. Yet, it was possible to display empathy with the perpetrators. Modern anti-Semitism had developed a particular rhetoric when attacking the Jews, which has been termed "civilization of Jew-hatred."1 It meant a contradictory line of argument, which distanced and identified with anti-Semitism, condemned and justified anti-Semitism. This study evaluates whether this strategy was also applied to anti-Jewish violence and if so, how this was done. The thesis discusses too the effect of political events and developments, such as elections and the Kidturkampf, on responses to anti-Jewish violence. It demonstrates how arguments changed in the dynamics of daily politics and highlights the complexity of responses towards anti-Jewish violence, which were to a significant degree contingent on political developments. The research thus provides a contribution to our understanding of the formation and changes of arguments held towards collective violence. The study challenges traditional views on anti-Jewish violence in the late nineteenth century.

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A key challenge for companies is to identify customer perceptions and can anticipate changes before dissatisfactions occur, thus allowing businesses to develop more effective solutions (KUMAR; LEMON; PARASURAMAN, 2006). Given this context, the perception of the public transport service consumer becomes crucial point for planning as Borges and Fonseca (2002), due to the growing recognition of how important it is the customer's perception regarding the service received. Thus, this project aimed to measure the degree of user satisfaction as the urban public transport services and semi-urban bus for the micro-region of Tr?s Rios/RJ, correlating with the degree of importance, consumer variables of service and socioeconomic variables. The research was characterized by the application of analytical methods based on Marketing Research, transversal and quantitative, having previously been grounded for qualitative research, performed with subjects selected by the local dominance of matter, resulting in the key attributes that composed the quantitative survey instrument. Also in qualitative research, relevant findings were made to construct the perception of attributes, when related to the vision of managers compared to the users, showing a concept of attributes submerged the objective perception. As for the quantitative survey, a sample of 400 stratified users was collected and the results demonstrated the 'Security' as the most important attribute and the 'Service Employees' as the least important. Regarding satisfaction, the best-rated attribute was the 'Service Employees' with an average grade of 6.935 on a zero satisfaction to ten scale, while the 'price' attribute is configured as the worst rating to the degree 5.265. All attributes have positioned themselves in the area of satisfaction with their grades average above five. Still to reinforce this information Student t test was used, with the result that there are no significant differences of views between users, except for the 'price' attribute is one that cannot claim, as defined trust bank, the opinions are similar, establishing always the satisfaction zone. Other data crosses between the available variables were analyzed and reinforced by non-parametric statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis, Jonckheere-Terpstra and Mann-Whitney as the specificity of each sample. Such data crosses showed particular characteristics in the degree of satisfaction in analysis for specific groups (socioeconomic, cities and businesses) and was recorded attention points that can be used as needed for management to support decision making and can be used for contributions to public policy analysis applied to the system, as well as the private sector, both in terms of looking for improvements or new strategies for companies that already operate in the system, as for new entrants who have the desire to invest in the region in terms of transport service, or even added services.
Um dos principais desafios para as empresas ? identificar percep??es de clientes, podendo antecipar mudan?as, antes que descontentamentos ocorram, permitindo assim que as empresas desenvolvam solu??es mais eficazes (KUMAR; LEMON; PARASURAMAN, 2006). Em face deste contexto, a percep??o do consumidor do servi?o de transporte p?blico torna-se ponto fundamental para um planejamento conforme Borges e Fonseca (2002), em fun??o do reconhecimento crescente do quanto ? importante a percep??o do cliente em rela??o ao servi?o recebido. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou mensurar o grau de satisfa??o dos usu?rios quanto aos servi?os de transporte coletivo urbano e semiurbano por ?nibus na Microrregi?o de Tr?s Rios/RJ, correlacionando com: o grau de import?ncia, vari?veis de consumo do servi?o e vari?veis socioecon?micas. A pesquisa caracterizou-se por aplica??o de m?todos de an?lise baseando-se em Pesquisa de Marketing, transversal e quantitativa, sendo previamente embasada por pesquisa qualitativa, executada com sujeitos selecionados por domin?ncia local do assunto, tendo como resultado os principais atributos que compuseram o instrumento de pesquisa quantitativo. Ainda na pesquisa qualitativa, foram feitas descobertas relevantes ao constructo da percep??o de atributos, quando relacionadas ? vis?o dos gestores comparada ?s dos usu?rios, evidenciando um conceito de atributos submersos ? percep??o objetiva. Quanto ? pesquisa quantitativa, foi coletada uma amostra estratificada de 400 usu?rios e os resultados demonstraram a ?Seguran?a? como atributo mais importante e o ?Atendimento dos Funcion?rios? como o menos importante. Em rela??o ? satisfa??o, o atributo mais bem avaliado foi o ?Atendimento dos Funcion?rios? com um grau m?dio de 6,935 em uma escala de satisfa??o de zero a dez, enquanto o atributo ?Pre?o? configurou-se como o de pior avalia??o com o grau 5,265. Todos os atributos posicionaram-se dentro da zona de satisfa??o com seus graus m?dios acima de cinco. Ainda para refor?o desta informa??o foi aplicado teste t Student, tendo como resultado n?o haver diverg?ncias significativas de opini?es entre os usu?rios, exceto em rela??o ao atributo ?Pre?o? sendo ?nico que n?o se pode alegar, conforme margem de confian?a definida, que as opini?es s?o semelhantes, estabelecendo-se sempre na zona de satisfa??o. Demais cruzamentos de dados entre as vari?veis disponibilizadas tamb?m foram analisadas e refor?adas por testes estat?sticos n?o param?tricos como de Kruskal-Wallis, Jonckheere-Terpstra e Mann-Whitney conforme a especificidade de cada amostra. Tais cruzamentos de dados apontaram caracter?sticas particulares quanto ao grau de satisfa??o, em analises por agrupamentos espec?ficos (socioecon?micos, cidades e empresas), tendo sido registrados pontos de aten??o que possam ser utilizados conforme a necessidade de gest?o, visando apoiar a tomada de decis?o, podendo ser utilizados para contribui??es em an?lises de pol?ticas p?blicas aplicadas ao sistema, assim como para iniciativa privada, tanto em termos de busca de melhorias ou novas estrat?gias para as empresas que j? operam no sistema, como para novos entrantes que tenham o desejo de investir na regi?o, em termos de servi?o de transporte, ou at? mesmo em servi?os agregados.

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The present thesis, entitled Knowledge for teaching: reflecting over the Youth and Adult Education, mainly considered common aspects concerning teachers knowledge and youth and adult education. It aimed to analyze, in partnership with its participants, the knowledge which is requested for teaching youth and adults. It focused on the following question: What teaching knowledge is necessary for the professionals who work during the first grades of elementary school with the youth and adults? The research took place in a school named Escola Municipal S?o Lucas, located in the city of Vit?ria da Conquista, state of Bahia, having as reference the discourses of four participants involved in the experience of research-formation. The collaborative approach, based on qualitative principles, was the adopted theoricalmethodological way, considering four actions: describing, informing, confronting and reconstructing. Collective interviews, study and reflection sessions, literacy practice observations, documental analysis and notes regarding field work were procedures adopted throughout the research. In order to analyze and organize data, we were supported by the discourse analysis, by Bakhtin (1997), specifically about the discussions around the ideas of theme and signification, which are concepts related to processual and dialectical analysis. The results and conclusions of the research make it possible to affirm that pedagogical practices, professional experiences, dialogues with other individuals and knowledge acquired at the university and at other learning environments are the participants main knowledge sources. When it comes to the local educational politics, it is observed contradiction between the participants desires regarding the school pedagogical routines and the proposals of the local government in relation to education. From our point of view, the knowledge identified and analyzed in this thesis demands the development of a diligent, technical, scientific and politically planned formative process (initial and continued), which requires fundamental public investments to recreate the educational politics and, consequently, the pedagogical experiences within the schools, contributing to the Youth and Adult Education professionalization process
Nesta tese, intitulada Saberes para a doc?ncia: refletindo sobre a Educa??o de Jovens e Adultos , s?o privilegiados aspectos que se entrecruzam sobre os saberes docentes e a Educa??o de Jovens e Adultos. Teve-se como objetivo central analisar, com os part?cipes envolvidos, os saberes necess?rios para a doc?ncia na Educa??o de Jovens e Adultos. A preocupa??o centrou-se na seguinte quest?o: que saberes para a doc?ncia s?o necess?rios para o profissional atuar nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental com jovens e adultos? A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Escola Municipal S?o Lucas, localizada na cidade de Vit?ria da Conquista/Bahia, tomando como refer?ncia os discursos de quatro part?cipes envolvidos na experi?ncia de pesquisa-forma??o. A abordagem colaborativa, de natureza qualitativa, foi o caminho te?rico-metodol?gico adotado, considerando quatro a??es: descrever, informar, confrontar e reconstruir. Foram realizados, ao longo da pesquisa, entrevista coletiva, sess?es de estudo, sess?es reflexivas, observa??es da pr?tica alfabetizadora, an?lise documental e registro escrito de notas de campo. Para an?lise e sistematiza??o dos dados, tomou-se como refer?ncia os pressupostos da an?lise do discurso, baseando-se em estudos de Bakhtin (1997), especificamente sobre as discuss?es em torno das ideias de tema e de significa??o, conceitos estes articulados a uma an?lise processual e dial?tica. Os resultados e conclus?es da pesquisa permitem afirmar que a pr?tica pedag?gica, as experi?ncias profissionais, o di?logo com outros sujeitos, os conhecimentos adquiridos na universidade e em outros espa?os formativos s?o as principais fontes de saberes dos part?cipes. Estas se entrecruzam com outros conceitos, como o de doc?ncia e o de alfabetiza??o. No ?mbito da pol?tica educacional da rede municipal de ensino, s?o observadas contradi??es entre o que desejam os part?cipes na pr?tica cotidiana da institui??o e o que prop?e a Secretaria Municipal de Educa??o. Os saberes identificados e analisados nesta tese exigem, do nosso ponto de vista, o desenvolvimento de um processo formativo (inicial e continuado) rigoroso, t?cnico-cient?fico e politicamente planejado, requerendo das inst?ncias formativas o investimento necess?rio para reelaborar as pol?ticas educacionais e, consequentemente, ressignificar as experi?ncias pedag?gicas no interior das escolas, contribuindo, desse modo, para o processo de profissionaliza??o na Educa??o de Jovens e Adultos

This thesis sought to rebuild part of a rural culture, herein referred to as culture of violence from the historical narrative of the lifestyles and perceptions the inhabitants of remote regions in the region of the valleys around the Araguaia and Tocantins Rivers, a region consisting of the current state of Tocantins, former northern Goias, southern Pará and Maranhão, between 1830 and 1930. The historical representation woven into my narrative holds that that lifestyle and its representations, built by the rural folk at that time and in that space, are violent as a rule. This is the result of specific learning picked up through exposure to violence and such learning is embedded in the social memory of this region, and even in periods of relative tranquility this memory is brought to life by its inhabitants as required and in accordance with the interests of the individuals involved, which engenders and encourages new rounds of violence which, as a whole, have built a culture of violence.
A presente tese pretendeu reconstruir parte de uma cultura sertaneja, denominada aqui de cultura da violência a partir da historicização das maneiras de viver e de sentir o viver dos sertanejos na Região dos Vales dos Rios Araguaia e Tocantins, região constituída pelo atual Estado do Tocantins, antigo norte de Goiás, sul do Pará, e sul do Maranhão entre os anos de 1830 e 1930. A representação historiadora que construí por meio de minha narrativa defende que esse viver e suas representações, construídos pelos sertanejos nesse tempo e nesse espaço, em regra, são violentos, isso por ser o resultado de um aprendizado específico a partir de experiências com a violência e que tal aprendizado está incrustado na memória social dessa região, essa memória sendo reativada até mesmo nos períodos de relativa tranquilidade pelos seus habitantes sempre que necessário e de acordo com os interesses dos sujeitos envolvidos nessa reativação, o que engendra e fomenta novos ciclos de violência e que, em seu conjunto, construiu uma cultura de violência.
Doutor em História

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A presente disserta??o debate a import?ncia da comunica??o cient?fica, as tecnologias e softwares utilizados como forma de dissemina??o do conhecimento cient?fico-acad?mico. Neste universo surge a necessidade cria??o de um buscador de metadados de portais de peri?dicos cient?ficos eletr?nicos e reposit?rios institucionais de Acesso Aberto de pa?ses membros do MERCOSUL, promovendo uma inova??o e integra??o da Comunica??o Cient?fica dos pa?ses do bloco. H? mais de tr?s s?culos os pesquisadores utilizam as revistas cient?ficas e as bibliotecas universit?rias para resguardar, divulgar, disseminar, validar, promover e repercutir os seus estudos e pesquisas, mas tamb?m como um banco de dados e propaga??o cient?fica para a cria??o de novos estudos a partir dessas difus?es cient?ficas. Com o exponencial crescimento da produ??o cient?fica e a sua propaga??o na internet, na virada do s?culo, como ferramenta de dissemina??o da produ??o cient?fica, surge o desafio da cria??o de um instrumento pragm?tico de organiza??o e busca de pesquisas cient?ficas dos pa?ses membros do MERCOSUL: O Buscador B?ho.
Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses the importance of scientific communication, technologies and software used as a means of dissemination of scientific and academic knowledge. In this universe there is a need create a search engine for electronic journals portals metadata and institutional repositories Open Access MERCOSUR member countries, promoting innovation and integration of Scientific Communication of the bloc's countries. For more than three centuries researchers use scientific journals and university libraries to protect, disclose, disseminate, validate, promote and pass on his studies and research, but also as a database and scientific spreading to the creation of new studies from these scientific broadcasts. With the exponential growth of scientific production and its spread on the Internet at the turn of the century, as dissemination tool of scientific production, the challenge of creating a pragmatic instrument of organization and search of scientific research of the MERCOSUR member countries arises: The B?ho Searcher.

Esta pesquisa situa-se na interface entre os estudos antropológicos e historiográficos acerca da Amazônia brasileira, e pretende se utilizar de métodos e perspectivas de ambas as disciplinas. Seu objetivo é produzir uma interpretação sobre do complexo de eventos belicosos ocorridos em tal região em meados da década de 1830, que se convencionou denominar em sua totalidade como a cabanagem. Este estudo fundamenta-se em fontes primárias: documentação oficial, relatos de viajantes, literatura e análises da época, mapas históricos, entre outros. Com base em tais fontes e no pensamento sobre o tema pretende-se aqui, primeiramente, demonstrar que a noção de cabano, que posteriormente passou a caracterizar a totalidade das disputas e a perspectiva dos rebeldes, era operante no período. Assim, o primeiro esforço da pesquisa é situar tal noção em seus sentidos e usos na própria época. Defende-se aqui que o cabano não parte de um ou múltiplos coletivos de agentes autoidentificados como tais, mas sim de seus próprios contrários e antagonistas, autoidentificados como legalistas, que se consideravam a si mesmos os representantes dos homens de bem, da civilização e da humanidade. Cabano, em seu uso na época, era uma expressão pejorativa, forjada para caracterizar a unidade dos contrários da legalidade, passíveis de serem legitimamente exterminados, capturados para trabalhos forçados, ou expulsos de suas próprias terras. Deste modo, o primeiro objetivo deste trabalho é descrever e detalhar a produção de tal estratégia dirigida contra todos aqueles que estavam fora do pacto da legalidade, no território amazônico. E o segundo, é tentar situar e discorrer sobre quem eram, como se auto-identificavam e o que pretendiam os ditos cabanos, neste amplo complexo de confrontações armadas que abrangeu toda a Amazônia brasileira da época.
This research stands on the interface between the anthropological and the historical studies about the Brazilian Amazon, and intends to utilize methods and perspectives of both disciplines. Its ultimate aim is to produce an interpretation about the complex of warlike events occurred in this region over the years 1830, which are conventionally designated in its totality as the cabanagem. This study is based on primary records: official documentation, travelers\' accounts, literature and analyses of the epoch, historical maps, among others. Based in such sources, and on the recent studies about the theme, the goal here is to demonstrate that the notion of cabano, which latter turned to characterize the totality of the conflicts and the perspective of the rebels, was operant in the epoch. So, the first effort of this research is to situate the notion (its senses and usages) in the proper epoch. It is defended here that the cabano does not come from one or multiple collectives of agents autoidentified as such, but from their on contraries and enemies, auto-identified as legalistas, which considered their own selves as the true representatives of the good man, the civilization and the humanity. The cabano, in its usage in the epoch, was a derogatory expression, forged to characterize the unity of the contraries of the legalidade, which could all be lawfully exterminated, captured for forced labor, or expelled from their own lands. Therefore, the first objective of this piece of work is to describe and to detail this strategy droved against all the ones who were out of the pact of the legalistas, in the Amazonian territory. The second one is an attempt to situate who were the so called cabanos, which were their autoidentifications and what were their intentions, in this complex of armed confrontations which comprised all the territory of the Brazilian Amazon of the epoch.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This dissertation titled O cotidiano da morte e a secularização dos cemitérios em Belém na secunda metade do século XIX (1850/ 1891) tried to show understanding around death s meaning along with dead and mortuary ceremonies in Belém in the second half of the 19º century. Thus, the composition studies about the changes in the trip of death from the buries inside a church to open-sky cemeteries, plus the secularization of these spaces. Those questions have gained importance in the following pages cause they started a new parallel about the urban space threated by wide-spread diseases and miasmas exhalated from putrescent bodies. Taking that to explain the tensions formed in the core of Belém s society wich made same significant changes in the path of that specifical society before death and deads. The construction of the cemeteries- Nossa senhora da soledade and Santa Izabel - implacate in complex questios like start to bury dead bodies into open-sky cemeteries intead instead of inside churchs, the wish of the Catolic church to have exclusiveness in these new places, the secularization of those cemeteries and buries keeping in mind the unsolved religious, cultural and social conflicts to understanding the attitudes of the whites, indians, colored, catolics, protestants, masons and the way they used to react before the dead and death. So the city was visualized, it s quotidian and the existing and dying of it s inhabitants and seeing closest the representation before death and dead. To be well acquired with the text the central axel inquire the understanding of how different Belém s social divisions in the 80 s deal with circle of life including bury, mortuary ceremonies and the secularization of the cemeteries
Esta dissertação de título O cotidiano da morte e a secularização dos cemitérios em Belém na segunda metade do século XIX (1850 / 1891) , procurou visualizar o caminhar e o permanecer em torno dos significados da morte, dos mortos e dos ritos fúnebres em Belém durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Assim, a dissertação versa sobre as transformações no cotidiano da morte decorrente da mudança dos locais dos enterramentos do interior das Igrejas para os cemitérios a céu aberto, mas também sobre o projeto de secularização destes espaços. Estas questões, aliás, ganham expressividade nas páginas seguintes, pois delas surgiram outros tangenciamentos como os debates acerca da salubridade do espaço urbano ameaçado por epidemias e miasmas emanados dos corpos em decomposição. Foi nesta perspectiva que se buscou interpretar determinadas tensões que se formaram no interior da sociedade belenense e que contribuíram para mudanças significativas no caminhar dessa sociedade frente à morte e aos mortos. A construção dos cemitérios o de Nossa Senhora da Soledade e o de Santa Izabel envolveram questões complexas como o abandono do costume de enterrar nas igrejas e passar a enterrá-los em cemitérios a céu aberto, a exclusividade que a Igreja Católica desejava ter nesses novos espaços, o debate em torno da secularização dos cemitérios e dos enterros civis levantando questões que não ficaram circunscritas às inquietações religiosas, mas estabeleceram conflitos políticos, culturais e sociais, enfim seguir os passos de brancos, índios e negros, Católicos, Protestantes e Maçons e tentar compreender suas atitudes diante da morte e dos mortos. Para isso procurou-se visualizar a cidade, seu cotidiano, o viver e o morrer de seus habitantes, encarar o mais próximo possível as representações frente à morte e aos mortos. Entenda-se então que os eixos centrais da presente dissertação são os que buscam perceber como diferentes segmentos sociais da Belém oitocentista lidaram com o processo de vida e morte, com os enterramentos, os ritos fúnebres, e a secularização dos cemitérios

Throughout the colonial period, the Spanish attempted to Hispanicize the Indians along the northern frontier of New Spain. The conquistador, the missionary, the civilian settler, and the presidial soldier all took part in this effort. At La Junta de los Rios, a fertile area inhabited by both sedentary and semi-sedentary Indians, each of these institutions played a part in fundamentally changing the region and its occupants. This research, relying primarily on published Spanish source documents, sets the effort to Hispanicize La Junta in the broader sphere of Spain's frontier policy.

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um importante tema para a constru??o da identidade imag?tica do Imp?rio; inserido neste corpus iconogr?fico, destaca-se a produ??o de viajantes europeus que, sob as mais distintas ins?gnias, relataram ? bico de pena, aquarelas e tintas, as mudan?as na col?nia rec?m al?ada ? condi??o de sede do Imp?rio portugu?s. Esta produ??o pict?rica auxiliou na constru??o do que se convencionou como paisagem urbana brasileira do Oitocentos, permeou pelos estudos e foi consolidada e legitimada pela historiografia ao longo da primeira metade do s?culo XX. Esta disserta??o prop?e analisar as representa??es iconogr?ficas da paisagem urbana das prov?ncias de Pernambuco, da Bahia e do Gr?o-Par? realizadas no primeiro quartel do s?culo XIX por dois viajantes ingleses: William John Burchell e Charles Landseer. Pretende-se observar nas perspectivas que se abrem a partir da leitura que os manuseios dessas imagens oferecem, o vislumbre de uma via de acesso distinta para interpretar o complexo quadro da paisagem urbana das vilas e cidades brasileiras da primeira metade do s?culo XIX. Membros da Miss?o Diplom?tica Inglesa, chefiada por Sir Charles Stuart e cujo objetivo era a negocia??o do reconhecimento por parte de Portugal do recente imp?rio brasileiro, foram designados a retratar e documentar o trajeto em solo brasileiro da comitiva. A an?lise fundamentou-se na revis?o bibliogr?fica, com enfoque na problematiza??o do material iconogr?fico produzido por Burchell e Landseer como fonte historiogr?fica sobre o assunto e na an?lise da iconografia elencada por meio de sua leitura formal e interpretativa. O material iconogr?fico revela transforma??es hist?ricas vividas pela sociedade ao qual pertence; contudo, h? mais neste discurso: obras de arte n?o s?o espelho, nos transmitem aspectos da realidade a partir de estratagemas: ora deslocando ou desfocando elementos, ora redimensionando aspectos do real. Investidas de car?ter documental desde a sua produ??o, a obra dos dois viajantes relativas ?s paisagens urbanas das prov?ncias mostrou-se permeada por esquemas figurativos, cujo emprego adiciona camadas de significa??o ainda pouco exploradas.
The representation of the Brazilian landscape of the early nineteenth century set up as an important issue for the construction of imagery identity of the empire; inserted in this iconographic corpus, there is the production of European travelers who, under the most distinctive insignia, reported to pen and ink, watercolors and inks, changes in the colony just heave the seat condition of the Portuguese Empire. This pictorial production helped in the construction of what is as Brazilian urban landscape of the nineteenth century, permeated the studies and has been consolidated and legitimized by historiography during the first half of the twentieth century. This thesis aims to analyze the iconographic representations of the urban landscape of the provinces of Pernambuco, Bahia and the G?o-Para held in the first quarter of the nineteenth century by two English travelers: William John Burchell and Charles Landseer. It is intended to observe the perspectives that open from reading the handlings of these images offer the glimpse of a different approach for interpreting the complex picture of the urban landscape of Brazilian towns and cities in the first half of the nineteenth century. Members of the Diplomatic English Mission, headed by Sir Charles Stuart, whose goal was the negotiation of the recognition by Portugal of the recent Brazilian Empire, were designed to depict and document the path on Brazilian soil of the entourage. The analysis was based on the literature review, focusing on questioning the iconographic material produced by Burchell and Landseer as a historiographical source on the subject and analysis of iconography selected through formal and interpretative reading. The iconographic material reveals historical transformations experienced by the society to which it belongs; however, there is more in this speech: works of art are not mirror, give us aspects of reality from stratagems: either shifting or blurring elements, now resizing aspects of the real. documentary character of investees from its production, the work of two travelers on urban landscapes of the provinces proved to be permeated by figurative schemes whose job adds layers of meaning still little explored.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
In the 1830s, Indiana undertook an ambitious internal improvements program, building the state’s first railroad and multiple canals. To complete the projects, Indiana used Irish immigrant laborers. The Irish laborers developed a reputation for brawling amongst themselves, highlighted by a riot involving 600 laborers working on the Wabash and Erie Canal in 1835. Multiple volumes of Indiana history identify the Wabash and Erie riot as a one-time event inspired by Protestant and Catholic animosity imported from Ireland. A review of the historical record, however, contradicts these long-held assumptions. Inspired by Irish traditions of faction fighting and peasant secret societies, Irish immigrant laborers formed secret societies that used violence against competitors in hopes of securing access to internal improvement jobs for their own membership. The rival secret societies, the Corkonians and the Fardowns, organized based on their provincial origins in Ireland. Examples of Corkonian and Fardown violence occurred throughout the country. In Indiana, a pattern of Corkonian and Fardown conflict resulted in skirmishes on at least three different construction sites between 1835 and 1837. In contrast to the traditional narrative, the Corkonians and Fardowns were both pioneers of the first wave of large-scale Irish Catholic immigration whose rivalry centered on job protection and economic grievances.

This exploratory and qualitative investigation is used as a research strategy to indicate a preventative policing style for public violence in the Eastern Free State. The research's integration of problem-solving methods may be used in instances where public violence is common and pre-empted. The study researched the policing of public expression against poor service delivery in a democratic South Africa after the adoption of a new Constitution. The Scanning, Analysis, Response and Assessment Model is applied by way of a service-oriented, preventative policing style involving the principles of the Community Policing Style. The dissertation argues that though the South African Police Service's handling of public violence in the Eastern Free State, was reminiscent of the former public violence of political oppression, it should gradually move away from the military approach to a preferred community policing style and include relevant role players in using a systematic and service-orientated preventative policing style to address public violence.
CRIMINOLOGY
MTECH: POLICING