Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ripple current

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ripple current'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ripple current"

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Madsen, Ole Secher, Arlendenovega Satria Negara, Kian Yew Lim, and Hin Fatt Cheong. "NEAR-BOTTOM FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENTS AT ARBITRARY ANGLE TO 2D RIPPLES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (February 2, 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.currents.36.

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Experimental results for near-bottom current velocity profiles for flows over artificial, definitely 2D ripples made of 1.5 cm high aluminum angle-profile spaced at 10 cm intervals are obtained for the following cases: (i) current alone perpendicular to ripples; (ii) current alone parallel to ripples; (iii) combined orthogonal wave-current flows for current parallel to ripples; and (iv) current alone at an angle of 30° to the ripple axis. The velocity profiles are analyzed by the log-profile method, and show the roughness experienced by the current to increase as the angle between ripple and current direction increases, i.e. demonstrating convincingly the reality of the concept of a direction-dependent roughness for flows over a 2D rippled bottom. Roughness experienced by the velocity component perpendicular to the ripples is, however, found to be independent of the direction of the mainstream flow relative to that of the ripples, and the different roughness experienced by the perpendicular and parallel velocity components gives rise to a turning of the current velocity vector to become increasingly aligned with the ripple crests as the bottom is approached from above. Implications of this feature, in terms of net sediment transport direction in combined wave-current flows in inner-shelf coastal waters, is discussed.
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Cheng, Zhen, and Peter Traykovski. "NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE MECHANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONSHORE RIPPLE MIGRATION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.28.

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Quantification of cross-shore sediment transport is one of most intriguing challenges in shoreline and coastal geomorphology. During the past decades, several key mechanisms associated with onshore/offshore sediment transport have been identified, such as wave skewness/asymmetry, progressive wave streaming and undertow current. However, applying these mechanisms to the migration of wave formed bedforms (ripples) is not straightforward. For example, recent field observations off Fire Island, NY showed that ripples migrated onshore even during periods of offshore directed wave skewness, which is contradictory to the prediction of empirical sediment transport formulations. The physical processes driving ripple vortex formation, ejection and boundary layer streaming associated with rippled bed can further complicate the bedload/suspended load sediment transport over ripples. To fully understand these mechanisms, a comprehensive model that can resolve the ripple dynamics and interactions between free surface wave and rippled bed is examined.
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Goldammer, Erik, Marius Gentejohann, Michael Schlüter, Daniel Weber, Wolfgang Wondrak, Sibylle Dieckerhoff, Clemens Gühmann, and Julia Kowal. "The Impact of an Overlaid Ripple Current on Battery Aging: The Development of the SiCWell Dataset." Batteries 8, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8020011.

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Fast-switching semiconductors induce ripple currents on the high-voltage DC bus in the electric vehicle (EV). This paper describes the methods used in the project SiCWell and a new approach to investigate the influence of these overlaid ripples on the battery in EVs. The ripple current generated by the main inverter is demonstrated with a measurement obtained from an electric vehicle. A simulation model is presented which is based on an artificial reference DC bus, according to ISO 21498-2, and uses driving cycles in order to obtain current profiles relevant for battery cycling. A prototype of a battery cycling tester capable of high frequency and precise ripple current generation was developed and is used to cycle cells with superimposed ripple currents within an aging study. To investigate the impact of the frequency and the amplitude of the currents on the battery’s lifetime, these ripple parameters are varied between different test series. Cell parameters such as impedance and capacity are regularly characterized and the aging of the cells is compared to standard DC cycled reference cells. The aging study includes a total of 60 automotive-sized pouch cells. The evaluation of ripple currents and their impact on the battery can improve the state-of-health diagnosis and remaining-useful life prognosis. For the development and validation of such methods, the cycled cells are monitored with a measurement system that regularly measures current and voltage with a sampling rate of 2 MHz. The resulting dataset is suitable for the design of future ripple current aging studies as well as for the development and validation of aging models and methods for battery diagnosis.
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Kim, Hae-In, Su-Hwan Kim, Seung-Woo Baek, Hag-Wone Kim, Kwan-Yuhl Cho, and Gil-Dong Kim. "Comparison of Interleaving Methods of Parallel Connected Three-Level Bi-Directional Converters." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010006.

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The voltage and current ripples in the three-level bi-directional converter (TLBC) can be reduced by an interleaving technique that controls a phase difference between the modules of power converter. On the other hand, the inductor current ripple in TLBC is increased due to the circulating current between the modules. In this paper, the effects of two interleaving methods on a two-phase TLBC, Z-type and N-type, are investigated and compared. In particular, capacitor current ripple, and voltage ripple are compared by two interleaving methods verified through Powersim (PSIM) simulation.
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Karthikeyan, V., Venkatesan Jamuna, and D. Rajalakshmi. "Interleaved Boost Converter for Photovoltaic Energy Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 622 (August 2014): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.622.97.

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Renewable energy is derived from natural resources and most commonly used renewable energy system is photovoltaic cells. DC-DC boost converter serves many purposes and usually required in many applications which has a low output voltage such as batteries, photo-voltaic cell. In this paper interleaved boost converter (IBC) topology is discussed for solar energy generation. IBC have better performance characteristics compared to a conventional boost converter due to increased efficiency. DC-DC IBC have been considered and analyzed by input current ripple and output current ripple and output voltage ripple. The waveforms of voltage and current ripples and the output voltage are obtained by using MATLAB/SIMULINK are presented. The design of inductor, capacitor and analysis of ripples has been presented.
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Wang, Haifeng, and Haili Zhang. "An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Low-Ripple Boost Converter in BLDC Motor Speed Control." Power Electronics and Drives 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2021-0019.

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Abstract Conventional boost converters are widely used for connecting low-voltage power sources and inverters in motor control. However, a large filter capacitor bank is often used to reduce DC-link ripples that occur when an inverter is connected to a boost converter. Otherwise, significant voltage and current perturbations can impact on battery performance degradation and cause torque ripple, speed ripple and vibration in brushless DC (BLDC) motors. To suppress the converter’s DC-link ripple, this paper proposes a new control strategy for boost converter controller to generate low-ripple DC-link voltage or current at different motor speeds. In the proposed method, observers are designed to adaptively estimate the DC-link voltage and current harmonics. The harmonic terms are used as feedback signals to calculate the DC converter’s duty cycle. The entire control model is implemented on an embedded system, and its robustness is verified by simulation and experimental results that show the DC-link voltage and current ripples can be reduced by about 50% and 30%, respectively.
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Chaturvedi, Shivam, Mengqi Wang, Yaoyu Fan, Deepak Fulwani, Guilherme Vieira Hollweg, Shahid Aziz Khan, and Wencong Su. "Control Methodologies to Mitigate and Regulate Second-Order Ripples in DC–AC Conversions and Microgrids: A Brief Review." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020817.

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Second-order ripples occur in the voltage and current during any DC–AC power conversion. These conversions occur in the voltage source inverters (VSIs), current source inverters (CSIs), and various single-stage inverters (SSIs) topologies. The second-order ripples lead to oscillating source node currents and DC bus voltages when there is an interconnection between the AC and DC microgrids or when an AC load is connected to the DC bus of the microgrid. Second-order ripples have various detrimental effects on the sources and the battery storage. In the storage battery, they lead to the depletion of electrodes. They also lead to stress in the converter or inverter components. This may lead to the failure of a component and hence affect the reliability of the system. Furthermore, the second-order ripple currents (SRCs) lead to ripple torque in wind turbines and lead to mechanical stress. SRCs cause a rise in the temperature of photovoltaic panels. An increase in the temperature of PV panels leads to a reduction in the power generated. Furthermore, the second-order voltage and current oscillations lead to a varying maximum power point in PV panels. Hence, the maximum power may not be extracted from it. To mitigate SRCs, oversizing of the components is needed. To improve the lifespan of the sources, storage, and converter components, the SRCs must be mitigated or kept within the desired limits. In the literature, different methodologies have been proposed to mitigate and regulate these second-order ripple components. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of different effects of second-order ripples on different sources and the methodologies adopted to mitigate the ripples. Different active power decoupling methodologies, virtual impedance-based methodologies, pulse width modulation-based signal injection methodologies, and control methods adopted in distributed power generation methods for DC microgrids have been presented. The application of ripple control methods spans from single converters such as SSIs and VSIs to a network of interconnected converters. Furthermore, different challenges in the field of virtual impedance control and ripple mitigation in distributed power generation environments are discussed. This paper brings a review regarding control methodologies to mitigate and regulate second-order ripples in DC–AC conversions and microgrids.
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Cheng, Chiu H., Jaco C. de Smit, Greg S. Fivash, Suzanne J. M. H. Hulscher, Bas W. Borsje, and Karline Soetaert. "Sediment shell-content diminishes current-driven sand ripple development and migration." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 5 (October 7, 2021): 1335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1335-2021.

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Abstract. Shells and shell fragments are biogenic structures that are widespread throughout natural sandy shelf seas and whose presence can affect the bed roughness and erodibility of the seabed. An important and direct consequence is the effect on the formation and movement of small bedforms such as sand ripples. We experimentally measured ripple formation and the migration of a mixture of natural sand with increasing volumes of shell material in a racetrack flume. Our experiments reveal the impacts of shells on ripple development in sandy sediment, providing information that was previously lacking. Shells expedite the onset of sediment transport while simultaneously reducing ripple dimensions and slowing down their migration rates. Moreover, increasing shell content enhances near-bed flow velocity due to the reduction of bed friction that is partly caused by a decrease in average ripple size and occurrence. This, in essence, limits the rate and magnitude of bed load transport. Given the large influence of shell content on sediment dynamics as well as the high shell concentrations found naturally in the sediments of shallow seas, a significant control from shells on the morphodynamics of sandy marine habitats is expected.
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Mangum, James M., Ferdinand Harerimana, Millicent N. Gikunda, and Paul M. Thibado. "Mechanisms of Spontaneous Curvature Inversion in Compressed Graphene Ripples for Energy Harvesting Applications via Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Membranes 11, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070516.

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Electrically conductive, highly flexible graphene membranes hold great promise for harvesting energy from ambient vibrations. For this study, we built numerous three-dimensional graphene ripples, with each featuring a different amount of compression, and performed molecular dynamics simulations at elevated temperatures. These ripples have a convex cosine shape, then spontaneously invert their curvature to concave. The average time between inversion events increases with compression. We use this to determine how the energy barrier height depends on strain. A typical convex-to-concave curvature inversion process begins when the ripple’s maximum shifts sideways from the normal central position toward the fixed outer edge. The ripple’s maximum does not simply move downward toward its concave position. When the ripple’s maximum moves toward the outer edge, the opposite side of the ripple is pulled inward and downward, and it passes through the fixed outer edge first. The ripple’s maximum then quickly flips to the opposite side via snap-through buckling. This trajectory, along with local bond flexing, significantly lowers the energy barrier for inversion. The large-scale coherent movement of ripple atoms during curvature inversion is unique to two-dimensional materials. We demonstrate how this motion can induce an electrical current in a nearby circuit.
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Viatkin, Aleksandr, Riccardo Mandrioli, Manel Hammami, Mattia Ricco, and Gabriele Grandi. "AC Current Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Converters with Neutral Line Inductor." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051430.

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This paper presents a comprehensive study of peak-to-peak and root-mean-square (RMS) values of AC current ripples with balanced and unbalanced fundamental currents in a generic case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC interface inductors present in all three phases and in neutral. The AC current ripple characteristics were determined for both phase and neutral currents, considering the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) method. The derived expressions are simple, effective, and ready for accurate AC current ripple calculations in three- or four-leg converters. This is particularly handy in the converter design process, since there is no need for heavy numerical simulations to determine an optimal set of design parameters, such as switching frequency and line inductances, based on the grid code or load restrictions in terms of AC current ripple. Particular attention has been paid to the performance comparison between the conventional three-phase three-leg converter and its four-leg counterpart, with distinct line inductance values in the neutral wire. In addition to that, a design example was performed to demonstrate the power of the derived equations. Numerical simulations and extensive experimental tests were thoroughly verified the analytical developments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ripple current"

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Du, Le. "Control of Pseudo-Sinusoidal Switched Reluctance Motor with Zero Torque Ripple and Damped Input Current Ripple." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23215.

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Switched reluctance motor(SRM)drives are favored in many industrial applications because of their cost advantage and ruggedness. However, the torque ripple and bus current ripple of SRM restrict its application range  compared with traditional AC and DC motors due to the doubly salient pole structure and the highly non-linear coupling between torque, rotor position and phase current. As a result of the torque ripple on the shaft, unwilling large acoustic noises are generated. The large current ripple at the DC bus input requires large electrolytic capacitors for attenuation. However, electrolytic capacitors are of low reliability, which will reduce the duration of the control system. Because of these disadvantages, the acceptance of SRM by the industry, especially in servo-type applications which require stationary torque at low speed, is quite slow. In order to obtain high quality control, there have been many efforts in developing techniques for torque ripple attenuation. Primarily, two approaches are used to give a smooth torque. One is to improve the magnetic design, the other is to use sophisticated control techniques. Some torque control techniques have been proved to obtain a relatively good performance by simulations and experimental results. This thesis gives an alternative torque ripple minimization technique. Simulations and Experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of this new control scheme. Under this new control scheme, the current controller are much easier to be designed under high speed application, which could be an advantage of it.

First, the SRM operating principle is presented. The torque of SRM is produced by the tendency of its moveable part shifting to a position where the inductance of the exited winding is maximized. The torque ripple origin is discussed in terms of both magnetization and control. The torque ripple is produced during phase commutation interval because the phase current cannot rise from zero to the nominal value instantaneously due to the existence of the phase inductance.

Second, a new torque control scheme is proposed. The new torque control of SRM is split into two cascade sub-tasks. At first, a current reference for ripple free torque is determined. Then a current controller is designed to regulate the current in the stator winding to reference value. Simulations are conducted to verify the effective of this torque control scheme in both ideal `sinusoidal\' SRM and a `Pseudo-Sinusoidal\' SRM.

Finally, a motor drive control system is built to implement the new control scheme. The motor is tested under different speeds to see the torque ripple produced in different speed ranges.

As a conclusion, the new control algorithm for constant torque and damped input bus current ripple is investigated. The advantages of this new torque control method are listed in the paper. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of this new control method.

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Wang, Jing. "Control of current ripple in a dc-dc converters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0017/NQ27268.pdf.

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Lentz, Nathan H. "A Modified Boost Converter with Reduced Input Current Ripple." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1740.

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Battery-powered trends in consumer electronics, transportation, and renewable energy sectors increase demands on DC/DC converter technology. Higher switching frequency and efficiency reduces solution size and cost, while increasing power capabilities. Still, switching noise remains the primary drawback associated with any DC/DC converter. Reducing a converter’s input ripple helps prevent switching noise from spreading to other systems on a shared DC power bus. This thesis covers the analysis, simulation, and implementation of a recently-proposed boost converter topology, alongside an equivalent standard boost converter, operating in steady-state, continuous conduction mode. A Matlab-based simulation predicts each converter’s input ripple performance using a state-space model. The converters’ hardware implementation minimizes component and layout differences to create an equivalent comparison. The simulation and hardware measurements demonstrate a 40% input current ripple reduction using the modified topology. Replacing standard boost converters with the modified topology minimizes the switching noise conducted through a system’s DC power network.
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Håkansson, Sofi. "The [Post]industrial Intermezzo : - The Wave, Ripple and Current." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171038.

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Vadivelu, Sunilkumar. "Investigation of sinusoidal ripple current charging techniques for Li-ion cells." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195169.

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In recent years, the demand for Li-ion-type batteries has been increasing significantly in various fields of applications including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and also in renewable energy support. These applications ask for a highly efficient charging strategy in order to maintain a long life cycle of the batteries. Recently, a new charging technique referred as sinusoidal ripple current-constant voltage charging (SRC-CV) technique has been proposed and is in certain publications claimed to realize an improved charging per-formance on Li-ion batteries than conventional constant-current constant-voltage charg-ing (CC-CV) techniques. In this thesis, the charging performance of the SRC-CV charging method applied to a prismatic Li-ion cell for an automotive traction application is inves-tigated. An existing experimental setup is upgraded to realize charging of the Li-ion cells using the SRC-CV charging method. Electrochemical impedance spectrums of three Li-ion cells have been obtained using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These spectrums were used to determine the charging ripple-current frequency where the mag-nitudes of the ac impedance of the cell are minimized. Key parameters like charging time, discharging time, and energy efficiency are calculated in order to compare the charg-ing performance of the CC-CV and SRC-CV charging techniques. The results reported from the experimental results obtained in this thesis indicate that there is no significant improvement with the SRC-CV charging method (implemented using a constant ripple-current frequency) compared to the CC-CV method in terms of charging time and energy efficiency.
På senare tid har behovet av batterier av Li-jontyp ökat kraftigt inom ett flertal applikationsområden inkluderande portabel elektronik, elfordon och miljövänlig elenergiproduktion. I dessa applikationsområden behövs en högeffektiv laddstrategi för att möjliggöra ett stort antal cyklingar av batterierna. Nyligen har en new laddmetod, benämnd sinusoidal ripple current-constant voltage-laddning (SRC-CV-laddning) föreslagits och har i vissa publikationer demonsterat en förbättring av laddprestanda hos Li-jonbatterier jämfört med konventionell constant-current constant-voltage-laddning (CC-CV-laddning). I detta examensarbete undersöks laddprestandan hos SRC-CV och CC-CV-laddning när de appliceras på prismatiska Li-jonceller avsedda för traktionsdrift. En existerande experimentuppsättning har uppgraderats för att realisera laddcykling med SRC-CV-laddning. Med hjälp av elektrokemisk impedansspektroskopi på tre Li-jonceller har den frekvens vid vilken magnituden på cellernas impedans är minimerad identifierats. Nyckelparametrar såsom laddtid, urladdningstid och energieffektivitet har uppmätts för både SRC-CV- och CC-CV-laddning. De experimentella resultaten visar ingen signifikant förbättring mellan SRC-CV-laddning (implementerat med en konstant rippelströmfrekvens) och konventionell CC-CV-laddning.
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SatÅ, Kenji. "A switching ripple based current sharing control system for celluar converters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10464.

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Marita, Marius G. "Analysis and implementation of ripple current cancellation technique for electronic ballasts." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1254485537.

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Montane, Paul. "Ripple Performance Instrumentation, Modeling, and Testing for Wet Tantalum Capacitors." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/813.

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Tantalum capacitors are electronic components that are widely used in many types of devices. They are particularly valued for their exceptionally high capacitance and volumetric efficiency. One of the most vital performance parameters for this type of capacitor is the ability to handle unwanted AC ripple, since high levels of ripple can lead to overheating and capacitor failure. Yet the actual ripple limit for a capacitor has been historically difficult to quantify, and has been previously provided to customers only in the form of heavily padded estimates. Throughout the capacitor industry there has been significant demand for more realistic ripple ratings. The discussion here describes a new test system that has been designed to meet this demand for ripple characterization of wet tantalum capacitors.
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Loncarski, Jelena <1983&gt. "Peak-to-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6247/.

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Analysis of the peak-to-peak output current ripple amplitude for multiphase and multilevel inverters is presented in this PhD thesis. The current ripple is calculated on the basis of the alternating voltage component, and peak-to-peak value is defined by the current slopes and application times of the voltage levels in a switching period. Detailed analytical expressions of peak-to-peak current ripple distribution over a fundamental period are given as function of the modulation index. For all the cases, reference is made to centered and symmetrical switching patterns, generated either by carrier-based or space vector PWM. Starting from the definition and the analysis of the output current ripple in three-phase two-level inverters, the theoretical developments have been extended to the case of multiphase inverters, with emphasis on the five- and seven-phase inverters. The instantaneous current ripple is introduced for a generic balanced multiphase loads consisting of series RL impedance and ac back emf (RLE). Simplified and effective expressions to account for the maximum of the output current ripple have been defined. The peak-to-peak current ripple diagrams are presented and discussed. The analysis of the output current ripple has been extended also to multilevel inverters, specifically three-phase three-level inverters. Also in this case, the current ripple analysis is carried out for a balanced three-phase system consisting of series RL impedance and ac back emf (RLE), representing both motor loads and grid-connected applications. The peak-to-peak current ripple diagrams are presented and discussed. In addition, simulation and experimental results are carried out to prove the validity of the analytical developments in all the cases. The cases with different phase numbers and with different number of levels are compared among them, and some useful conclusions have been pointed out. Furthermore, some application examples are given.
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Nissan, Omri. "A Multiphase Modified Boost Converter With Reduced Input Current Ripple: Combined Capacitors." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1914.

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The delivery of high power and smaller footprints through a non-isolated topology demands for the use of multiphase topology in DC-DC converters. Multiphase reduces the ripple observed on both the input and output waveforms; however, it may not be enough to connect to sensitive power sources such as renewable energy sources. A single-phase modified boost converter demonstrates the ability to acquire very minimal input current ripple by addition of passive components. The expansion to multiphase topology is the next logical step for higher power application while furthering the low input current ripple benefit. In this thesis, the multiphase modified boost topology is compared with the multiphase standard boost topology to explore the benefits and trade-offs of the proposed topology. A 12V input to 19V output at 95W output power multiphase standard and modified boost converters were designed and constructed for the thesis. Results from theoretical calculations, computer simulations, and hardware implementations were then compared to evaluate their performances. Results show that compared to the standard boost, the modified boost yields significantly less input current ripple at 2% under full load condition while maintaining output voltage ripple of 5% and higher than 90% efficiency.
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Books on the topic "Ripple current"

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Loncarski, Jelena. Peak-to-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07251-7.

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Laurila, Lasse. Analysis of torque and speed ripple producing non-idealities of frequency converters in electric drives. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2004.

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Baas, Jaco H. Dimensional analysis of current ripples in recent and ancient depositional environments. [Utrecht: Faculteit Aardwetenschappen der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, 1993.

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Hannay, Adrian. A field study of wave-current interactions over mobile rippled sand at two sites in the North Sea. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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Liang, Rong. A low ripple power supply system for high current magnet load. 1993.

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Loncarski, Jelena. Peak-to-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters. Springer, 2014.

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Loncarski, Jelena. Peak-to-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters. Springer, 2014.

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Loncarski, Jelena. Peak-To-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters. Springer, 2014.

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Loncarski, Jelena. Peak-to-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters. Springer, 2016.

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Wright, A. G. Voltage dividers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0013.

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Voltage dividers provide accelerating voltages to generate multiplier gain. Dynode voltages must remain constant and independent of the light input to maintain stable gain. The standard resistive divider never quite satisfies this requirement, although acceptable performance can be achieved by careful design. The inclusion of zener diodes improves performance but field-effect transistor (FET) circuits can provide gain stability at high mean anode currents, regardless of whether the application is pulsed or analogue. Design procedures for active and semi-active voltage dividers are presented. Dividers based on the Cockcroft–Walton (CW) principle are particularly suited to portable instrumentation because of their low standing current. Consideration is given to pulsed operation, decoupling, switch-on transients, ripple, dynode signals, single cable dividers, and equivalent circuits at high frequencies. Gating is used to protect a photomultiplier, in the presence of high light levels, by reducing the gain electronically. Various methods for gating a voltage divider are presented.
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Book chapters on the topic "Ripple current"

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Loncarski, Jelena. "Comparison of the Peak-to-Peak Current Ripple." In Peak-to-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters, 101–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07251-7_5.

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Jiang, Dong, Zewei Shen, Qiao Li, Jianan Chen, and Zicheng Liu. "Current Ripple Prediction Model for Power Electronics Converter." In Advanced Pulse-Width-Modulation: With Freedom to Optimize Power Electronics Converters, 63–108. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4385-6_4.

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Jalili-Kharaajoo, Mahdi. "Fuzzy Logic Based Torque Ripple Minimization in Switched Reluctance Motors." In Current Topics in Artificial Intelligence, 354–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25945-9_35.

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Loncarski, Jelena. "Analysis of the Output Current Ripple in Multiphase VSIs." In Peak-to-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters, 33–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07251-7_3.

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Loncarski, Jelena. "Analysis of the Output Current Ripple in Multilevel VSIs." In Peak-to-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters, 67–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07251-7_4.

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Li, Changan, Hongyang Zhang, Mingxia Xu, and Zhiqiang Wang. "Research on Current Ripple Characteristics of Interleaved Vienna Rectifier." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 227–37. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1922-0_19.

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Chen, Wen-Wei, and Jiann-Fuh Chen. "Ripple-Based Constant Frequency On-time Control Circuit with Virtual Inductor Current Ripple for Buck Converters." In Power Systems, 145–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7004-4_6.

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Hammami, Manel. "Analysis of DC-Link Current and Voltage Ripple: Single-Phase Configuration." In Level Doubling Network and Ripple Correlation Control MPPT Algorithm for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems, 45–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10492-4_4.

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Hammami, Manel. "Analysis of DC-Link Current and Voltage Ripple: Three-Phase Configuration." In Level Doubling Network and Ripple Correlation Control MPPT Algorithm for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems, 67–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10492-4_5.

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Loncarski, Jelena. "Analysis of the Current Ripple in Three-Phase Two-Level VSIs." In Peak-to-Peak Output Current Ripple Analysis in Multiphase and Multilevel Inverters, 5–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07251-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ripple current"

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Kolokythas, Gerasimos A., and Athanassios A. Dimas. "Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Water Wave Propagation Over Rippled Bed." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37480.

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In the present study, numerical simulations of the free-surface flow, developing by the propagation of nonlinear water waves over a rippled bottom, are performed assuming that the corresponding flow is two-dimensional, incompressible and viscous. The simulations are based on the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations subject to the fully-nonlinear free-surface boundary conditions and the suitable bottom, inflow and outflow boundary conditions. The equations are properly transformed so that the computational domain becomes time-independent. For the spatial discretization, a hybrid scheme with finite-differences and Chebyshev polynomials is applied, while a fractional time-step scheme is used for the temporal discretization. A wave absorption zone is placed at the outflow region in order to efficiently minimize reflection of waves by the outflow boundary. The numerical model is validated by comparison to the analytical solution for the laminar, oscillatory, current flow which develops a uniform boundary layer over a horizontal bottom. For the propagation of finite-amplitude waves over a rigid rippled bed, the case with wavelength to water depth ratio λ/d0 = 6 and wave height to wavelength ratio H0/λ = 0.05 is considered. The ripples have parabolic shape, while their dimensions — length and height — are chosen accordingly to fit laboratory and field data. Results indicate that the wall shear stress over the ripples and the form drag forces on the ripples increase with increasing ripple height, while the corresponding friction force is insensitive to this increase. Therefore, the percentage of friction in the total drag force decreases with increasing ripple height.
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Chia-Chou Chang, Chen-Chan Lee, Jyun-Chun Huang, and Yaow-Ming Chen. "Ripple current cancellation for boost converters." In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 - ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifeec.2017.7992119.

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Latha, K., M. Maadhuri, B. Uma Maheswari, N. Rajalakshmi, and K. S. Dhathathreyan. "Current Mode Control of Fuel Cell Fed Interleaved Boost Converter for Ripple Current Minimization." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54184.

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Fuel cells normally supply high current at low voltage. Hence they need to be integrated with boost converters to supply load at elevated voltages. Boosting of voltage at the load level amplifies the effect of ripple in load current at the input side. The life time of fuel cell catalyst reduces with the increase in current ripple. This paper proposes an effective solution to reduce the ripple with the use of interleaved boost converters and non-linear carrier based current mode control. Performance of the controller has been tested in simulation and validated through experimentation on a 1.2kW fuel cell stack for wide variations in load and fuel flow conditions. It is observed that, compared to other control techniques, the proposed controller has better dynamic response and it does not need any complex multiplier or divider circuit for its implementation. A prototype rated 1.2 KW has been built and tested.
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Nag, Soumya Shubhra, U. Arun Sankar, Santanu Mishra, and Avinash Joshi. "Input current ripple cancellation of current-fed switched inverter." In 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2014.6953419.

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Grodzicki, Andrzej, and Witold Pleskacz. "A Low Ripple Current Mode Voltage Doubler." In 2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ddecs.2015.26.

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Veerachary, M., and Vasudha Khubchandani. "Low Source Current Ripple Buck-Boost Converter." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pedes.2018.8707843.

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Li-Ling Lee, C. E. Tasy, and K. Harada. "Novel zero ripple DC current transfomer design." In IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.1999.837221.

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Preger, Yuliya. "Influence of Current Ripple on Battery Degradation." In Proposed for presentation at the Battery Safety Council Forum 9. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1832626.

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Yu, Shu-Wen, Sandipan Mishra, and Masayoshi Tomizuka. "On-Line Force Ripple Identification and Compensation in Precision Positioning of Wafer Stages." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42563.

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This paper presents the design and implementation of a composite controller to reduce the effect of force ripple in a linear motor wafer stage system. The composite controller consists of two components: 1) a PID feedback controller and 2) an adaptive feedforward compensator. The feedback controller is tuned to achieve good transient response and enhanced robustness of the system. Force ripples are a major source of tracking error in linear motor precision positioning systems. An approximation of the nonlinear force ripple model can be obtained by expressing the ripple as the sum of a sequence of sinusoidal harmonics, multiplied by the motor current. The force ripple is first approximated by on-line adaptive estimation of the unknown coefficients associated with each harmonic, and then compensated with a feedforward term. Experimental results on a prototype single degree of freedom wafer stage are presented to show the performance improvement obtained by the proposed control scheme.
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Gemmen, Randall S., Parviz Famouri, and Christopher Johnson. "Assessing the Impact of Inverter Current-Ripple on SOFC Performance." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1744.

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The effect of inverter ripple current on fuel cell stack performance is not well understood. This paper provides a first-order examination of the impact of inverter load dynamics on SOFC fuel cell operation. Previous work using steady-state fuel cell loading has shown that DC-current loading itself results in degradation of the fuel cell, albeit in ways yet to be fully understood. This result suggests that the varying reactant conditions that result from ripple may modify degradation processes, and, therefore, the lifetime of the cells. This paper investigates these conditions through the use of a dynamic one-dimensional model for the detailed mass transport occurring within the electrode of a cell. In this work, the inverter load is imposed as a boundary condition to the transient model. Results show the behavior of the reactant concentrations within the stack electrodes under inverter loads with frequencies between 60 Hz and 1250 Hz. It is concluded that a ripple factor of less than 6% be used to ensure minor impact to the conditions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.
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Reports on the topic "Ripple current"

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Garcia, Marcelo H. Ripple Morphodynamics in Wave-Current Boundary-Layer Flows. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573047.

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Jin, Lei. Modeling of DC Link Capacitor Current Ripple for Electric Vehicle Traction Converter. Portland State University Library, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.40.

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Bhatt, Mihir R., Shilpi Srivastava, Megan Schmidt-Sane, and Lyla Mehta. Key Considerations: India's Deadly Second COVID-19 Wave: Addressing Impacts and Building Preparedness Against Future Waves. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.031.

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Since February 2021, countless lives have been lost in India, which has compounded the social and economic devastation caused by the second wave of COVID-19. The sharp surge in cases across the country overwhelmed the health infrastructure, with people left scrambling for hospital beds, critical drugs, and oxygen. As of May 2021, infections began to come down in urban areas. However, the effects of the second wave continued to be felt in rural areas. This is the worst humanitarian and public health crisis the country has witnessed since independence; while the continued spread of COVID-19 variants will have regional and global implications. With a slow vaccine rollout and overwhelmed health infrastructure, there is a critical need to examine India's response and recommend measures to further arrest the current spread of infection and to prevent and prepare against future waves. This brief is a rapid social science review and analysis of the second wave of COVID-19 in India. It draws on emerging reports, literature, and regional social science expertise to examine reasons for the second wave, explain its impact, and highlight the systemic issues that hindered the response. This brief puts forth vital considerations for local and national government, civil society, and humanitarian actors at global and national levels, with implications for future waves of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on the COVID-19 response in India. It was developed for SSHAP by Mihir R. Bhatt (AIDMI), Shilpi Srivastava (IDS), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Lyla Mehta (IDS) with input and reviews from Deepak Sanan (Former Civil Servant; Senior Visiting Fellow, Centre for Policy Research), Subir Sinha (SOAS), Murad Banaji (Middlesex University London), Delhi Rose Angom (Oxfam India), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Santiago Ripoll (IDS). It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Hakeem, Luqman, and Riaz Hussain. Key Considerations: Localisation of Polio Vaccination Efforts in the Newly Merged Districts (Tribal Areas) of Pakistan. SSHAP, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.035.

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Poliomyelitis (polio) remains a vital global public health challenge, particularly in countries where eradication efforts are ongoing. For almost three decades, polio programme and frontline workers in Pakistan have suffered human and financial losses due to complex political and bureaucratic management, local resistance to programme efforts, and the context of cross-border insurgency and insecurity.1 Many stakeholders in Pakistan continue to have low confidence in frontline workers and polio vaccination campaigns. In this environment, it is essential that vaccination programmes localise – by taking careful account of the local context, improving local ownership of the programmes, understanding and mitigating the issues at a grassroots level, and tailoring efforts to achieve polio eradication goals. This brief draws on evidence from academic and grey literature, data on polio vaccine uptake, consultations with partners working on polio eradication in Pakistan, and the authors’ own programme implementation experience in the country. The brief reviews the social, cultural, and contextual considerations relevant to increasing polio vaccine uptake amongst vulnerable groups in Pakistan’s tribal areas. It focuses on the current country context, in the aftermath of the 2018 merger of the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (KPK). This brief is part of a series authored by participants from the SSHAP Fellowship, and was written by Luqman Hakeem and Riaz Hussain from Cohort 2. Contributions were provided by response partners in Pakistan including health communication and delivery staff and local administrative authorities. This brief was reviewed by Muhammad Sufyan (University of Swabi) and Ilyas Sharif (Quaid-e-Azam College of Commerce, University of Peshawar). The brief was supported by Megan Schmidt-Sane and Santiago Ripoll at the Institute of Development Studies and is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Bennett, Alan B., Arthur Schaffer, and David Granot. Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Fructose Accumulation: A Strategy to Improve Fruit Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7571353.bard.

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The goal of the research project was to evaluate the potential to genetically modify or engineer carbohydrate metabolism in tomato fruit to enhance levels of fructose, a sugar with nearly twice the sweetness value of other sugars. The specific research objectives to achieve that goal were to: 1. Establish the inheritance of a fructose-accumulating trait identified in F1 hybrids of an inferspecific cross between L. hirsutum XL. esculentum and identify linked molecular markers to facilitate its introgression into tomato cultivars. This objective was completed with the genetic data indicating a single major gene, termed Fgr (Fructose glucose ratio), that controlled the partitioning of hexose in the mature fruit. Molecular markers for the gene, were developed to aid introgression of this gene into cultivated tomato. In addition, a second major gene encoding fructokinase 2 (FK2) was found to be a determinant of the fructose to glucose ratio in fruit. The relationship between FK2 and Fgr is epistatic with a combined synergistic effect of the two hirsutum-derived genes on fructose/glucose ratios. 2. Characterize the metabolic and transport properties responsible for high fructose/glucose ratios in fructose-accumulating genotypes. The effect of both the Fgr and FK2 genes on the developmental accumulation of hexoses was studied in a wide range of genetic backgrounds. In all backgrounds the trait is a developmental one and that the increase in fructose to glucose ratio occurs at the breaker stage of fruit development. The following enzymes were assayed, none of which showed differences between genotypes, at either the breaker or ripe stage: invertase, sucrose synthase, FK1, FK2, hexokinase, PGI and PGM. The lack of effect of the FK2 gene on fructokinase activity is surprising and at present we have no explanation for the phenomenon. However, the hirsutum derived Fgr allele was associated with significantly lower levels of phosphorylated glucose, G1c-1-P and G1c-6-P and concomitantly higher levels of the phosphorylated fructose, Fru-6-P, in both the breaker and ripe stage. This suggests a significant role for the isomerase reaction. 3. Develop and implement molecular genetic strategies for the production of transgenic plants with altered levels of enzymes that potentially control fructose/glucose ratios in fruit. This objective focused on manipulating hexokinase and fructokinase expression in transgenic plants. Two highly divergent cDNA clones (Frk1 and Frk2), encoding fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4), were isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and a potato fructokinase cDNA clone was obtained from Dr. Howard Davies. Following expression in yeast, each fructokinase was identified to code for one of the tomato or potato fructokinase isoforms Transgenic tomato plants were generated with the fructokinase cDNA clone in both sense and antisense orientations and the effect of the gene on tomato plants is currently being studied.
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Drive modelling and performance estimation of IPM motor using SVPWM and Six-step Control Strategy. SAE International, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-01-0775.

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This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) traction motor drive, and analyses the impact of different modulation techniques. The most widely used modulation methods in traction motor drives are Space vector modulation (SVPWM), over-modulation, and six-step modulation have been implemented. A two-dimensional electromagnetic finite element model of the motor is co-simulated with a dynamic model of a field-oriented control (FOC) circuit. For accurate tuning of the current controllers, extended complex vector synchronous frame current regulators are employed. The DC-link voltage utilization, harmonics in the output waveforms, torque ripple, iron losses, and AC copper losses are calculated and compared with sinusoidal excitation. Overall, it is concluded that the selection of modulation technique is related to the operating condition and motor speed, and a smooth transition between different modulation techniques is essential to achieve a better performance.
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Microbiology in the 21st Century: Where Are We and Where Are We Going? American Society for Microbiology, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.5sept.2003.

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The American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium September 5–7, 2003, in Charleston, South Carolina to discuss the central importance of microbes to life on earth, directions microbiology research will take in the 21st century, and ways to foster public literacy in this important field. Discussions centered on: the impact of microbes on the health of the planet and its inhabitants; the fundamental significance of microbiology to the study of all life forms; research challenges faced by microbiologists and the barriers to meeting those challenges; the need to integrate microbiology into school and university curricula; and public microbial literacy. This is an exciting time for microbiology. We are becoming increasingly aware that microbes are the basis of the biosphere. They are the ancestors of all living things and the support system for all other forms of life. Paradoxically, certain microbes pose a threat to human health and to the health of plants and animals. As the foundation of the biosphere and major determinants of human health, microbes claim a primary, fundamental role in life on earth. Hence, the study of microbes is pivotal to the study of all living things, and microbiology is essential for the study and understanding of all life on this planet. Microbiology research is changing rapidly. The field has been impacted by events that shape public perceptions of microbes, such as the emergence of globally significant diseases, threats of bioterrorism, increasing failure of formerly effective antibiotics and therapies to treat microbial diseases, and events that contaminate food on a large scale. Microbial research is taking advantage of the technological advancements that have opened new fields of inquiry, particularly in genomics. Basic areas of biological complexity, such as infectious diseases and the engineering of designer microbes for the benefit of society, are especially ripe areas for significant advancement. Overall, emphasis has increased in recent years on the evolution and ecology of microorganisms. Studies are focusing on the linkages between microbes and their phylogenetic origins and between microbes and their habitats. Increasingly, researchers are striving to join together the results of their work, moving to an integration of biological phenomena at all levels. While many areas of the microbiological sciences are ripe for exploration, microbiology must overcome a number of technological hurdles before it can fully accomplish its potential. We are at a unique time when the confluence of technological advances and the explosion of knowledge of microbial diversity will enable significant advances in microbiology, and in biology in general, over the next decade. To make the best progress, microbiology must reach across traditional departmental boundaries and integrate the expertise of scientists in other disciplines. Microbiologists are becoming increasingly aware of the need to harness the vast computing power available and apply it to better advantage in research. Current methods for curating research materials and data should be rethought and revamped. Finally, new facilities should be developed to house powerful research equipment and make it available, on a regional basis, to scientists who might otherwise lack access to the expensive tools of modern biology. It is not enough to accomplish cutting-edge research. We must also educate the children and college students of today, as they will be the researchers of tomorrow. Since microbiology provides exceptional teaching tools and is of pivotal importance to understanding biology, science education in schools should be refocused to include microbiology lessons and lab exercises. At the undergraduate level, a thorough knowledge of microbiology should be made a part of the core curriculum for life science majors. Since issues that deal with microbes have a direct bearing on the human condition, it is critical that the public-at-large become better grounded in the basics of microbiology. Public literacy campaigns must identify the issues to be conveyed and the best avenues for communicating those messages. Decision-makers at federal, state, local, and community levels should be made more aware of the ways that microbiology impacts human life and the ways school curricula could be improved to include valuable lessons in microbial science.
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