Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rising bubble apparatus

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Rising bubble apparatus'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rising bubble apparatus"

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Christiansen, Richard L., and Hiemi Kim Haines. "Rapid Measurement of Minimum Miscibility Pressure With the Rising-Bubble Apparatus." SPE Reservoir Engineering 2, no. 04 (November 1, 1987): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/13114-pa.

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TAKEMURA, FUMIO, SHU TAKAGI, JACQUES MAGNAUDET, and YOICHIRO MATSUMOTO. "Drag and lift forces on a bubble rising near a vertical wall in a viscous liquid." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 461 (June 25, 2002): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002008388.

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The two components of the force acting on a clean almost spherical bubble rising near a plane vertical wall in a quiescent liquid are determined experimentally. This is achieved by using an apparatus in which a CCD camera and a microscope follow the rising bubble. This apparatus allows us to measure accurately the bubble radius, rise speed and distance between the bubble and the wall. Thereby the drag and lift components of the hydrodynamic force are determined for Reynolds numbers Re (based on bubble diameter, rise velocity U, and kinematic viscosity ν) less than 40. The results show the existence of two different regimes, according to the value of the dimensionless separation L* defined as the ratio between the distance from the bubble centre to the wall and the viscous length scale ν/U. When L* is O(1) or more, experimental results corresponding to Reynolds numbers up to unity are found to be in good agreement with an analytical solution obtained in the Oseen approximation by adapting the calculation of Vasseur & Cox (1977) to the case of an inviscid bubble. When L* is o(1), higher-order effects not taken into account in previous analytical investigations become important and measurements show that the deformation of the bubble is significant when the viscosity of the surrounding liquid is large enough. In this regime, experimental results for the drag force and shape of the bubble are found to agree well with recent theoretical predictions obtained by Magnaudet, Takagi & Legendre (2002) but the measured lift force tends to exceed the prediction as the separation decreases.
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Zhang, Kaiqiang, Na Jia, and Fanhua Zeng. "Application of predicted bubble-rising velocities for estimating the minimum miscibility pressures of the light crude oil–CO2 systems with the rising bubble apparatus." Fuel 220 (May 2018): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.100.

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Zhang, Kaiqiang, and Yongan Gu. "New qualitative and quantitative technical criteria for determining the minimum miscibility pressures (MMPs) with the rising-bubble apparatus (RBA)." Fuel 175 (July 2016): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.021.

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Luty, Przemysław, and Mateusz Prończuk. "Determination of a Bubble Drag Coefficient during the Formation of Single Gas Bubble in Upward Coflowing Liquid." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080999.

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Bubble flow is present in many processes that are the subject of chemical engineering research. Many correlations for determination of the equivalent bubble diameter can be found in the scientific literature. However, there are only few describing the formation of gas bubbles in flowing liquid. Such a phenomenon occurs for instance in airlift apparatuses. Liquid flowing around the gas bubble creates a hydraulic drag force that leads to reduction of the formed bubble diameter. Usually the value of the hydraulic drag coefficient, cD, for bubble formation in the flowing liquid is assumed to be equal to the drag coefficient for bubbles rising in the stagnant liquid, which is far from the reality. Therefore, in this study, to determine the value of the drag coefficient of bubbles forming in flowing liquid, the diameter of the bubbles formed at different liquid velocity was measured using the shadowgraphy method. Using the balance of forces affecting the bubble formed in the coflowing liquid, the hydraulic drag coefficient was determined. The obtained values of the drag coefficient differed significantly from those calculated using the correlation for gas bubble rising in stagnant liquid. The proposed correlation allowed the determination of the diameter of the gas bubble with satisfactory accuracy.
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Tian, Yapeng, Binshan Ju, Yong Yang, Hongya Wang, Yintao Dong, Nannan Liu, Shuai Ma, and Jinbiao Yu. "Estimation of minimum miscibility pressure during CO2 flooding in hydrocarbon reservoirs using an optimized neural network." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 2485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720930110.

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CO2 flooding recovery strongly depends on the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). Conventional tests to determine gas–oil MMP such as rising bubble apparatus and slim tube displacement are either costly or time consuming. In order to propose a quick and accurate model to determine MMP, a back-propagation neural network is presented for MMP prediction during pure and impure CO2 injections. Five new variables were screened as input parameters to the network. Next, the network was optimized using five evolutionary algorithms, and this work highlights that three of these evolutionary algorithms (e.g. Mind Evolutionary, Artificial Bee Colony, and Dragonfly) are firstly used to predict MMP. Then, data from the literature were input to the optimized network to train it. Statistical evaluation and graphical analyses were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed models and for comparison with published MMP correlates to obtain the optimal model for predicting MMP. The back-propagation model optimized using the dragonfly algorithm exhibited the highest accuracy among all those considered and MMP correlates; its coefficient of determination, average absolute percent relative error, root mean square error, and standard deviation were 0.965, 5.79%, 206.1, and 0.08, respectively. In addition, reservoir temperature was determined as the strongest MMP predictor (Pearson correlation = 0.63) based on sensitivity analysis.
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Dindoruk, Birol, Russell Johns, and Franklin M. Orr. "Measurement and Modeling of Minimum Miscibility Pressure: A State-of-the-Art Review." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 24, no. 02 (February 10, 2021): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200462-pa.

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Summary This paper gives a critical review of miscibility-measurement techniques published in the open literature along with recommendations and lessons learned. Many of these published methods violate the inherent assumptions for multicontact miscibility (MCM). The confusion often arises from a failure to distinguish between first-contact miscibility (FCM), in which two fluids can be mixed in all proportions without forming two phases, and MCM, in which fluid compositions that arise during the flow of two phases in a porous medium approach a specific critical point within the constraints of the MCM definition. There are many analytical, numerical, correlational, and experimental methods available to estimate the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) for MCM flow. The numerous available methods, some of which are quite inexpensive, have caused significant misunderstandings in the literature and in practice regarding their ability to estimate MMP. Our experience has shown that the best methods are those that honor the multicontact process (MCM), in which flow interacts with phase behavior in a prescribed way. Good methods that achieve this are slimtube experiments, detailed slimtube simulations, multiple-mixing-cell calculation methods, and the method of characteristics (MOC). Techniques such as the rising-bubble-apparatus (RBA) and vanishing-interfacial-tension (IFT) (VIT) experiments are subject to significant uncertainties, although they can still provide useful information. Numerous MMP correlations have been developed. They should be used with caution for systems similar to those used to develop the correlation. Use for other fluid systems can lead to significant errors. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of most current methods and show that various combinations of methods can reduce uncertainty.
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Zhang, Ying, Qiang Liu, Wenbin Li, Xiaolong Lian, Jinglun Li, and Xixin Rao. "Analysis of dynamic characteristics of bubble rise under a free surface." Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no. 11 (November 2020): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0505.

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The rising process of a bubble occurs in several natural and industrial apparatuses. This process is computationally studied using the front tracking method for a moving interface whose surface properties are solved in terms of an immersed-boundary method. The results show that the free interface does not influence the bubble before the centroid velocity of the bubble reaches the terminal velocity, which reaches a stable value or fluctuates at it, with the distance h (between the centroid of the bubble and the free surface) reaching a certain value. When the Reynolds number increases, the time to reach terminal velocity will decrease, and the influence of the viscous factor on the terminal velocity is also weakened. The dramatic interaction between a bubble and free surface is beneficial to accelerate film draining out. It is also shown that the shape of the bubble gradually becomes an ellipse as the Weber number (We) decreases, and it is beneficial to reduce the resistance of the bubble. The free surface could accelerate the bubble breaking at high We values.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rising bubble apparatus"

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Bon, Johannes. "Laboratory and modelling studies on the effects of injection gas composition on CO₂-rich flooding in Cooper Basin, South Australia." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/61077.

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This Ph.D. research project targets Cooper Basin oil reservoirs of very low permeability (approximately 1mD) where injectivities required for water flooding are not achievable. However, the use of injection gases such as CO₂ would not have injectivity problems. CO₂ is abundant in the region and available for EOR use. CO₂ was compared to other CO₂-rich injection gases with a hydrocarbon content including pentane plus components. While the effect of hydrocarbon components up to butane have been investigated in the past, the effect of n-pentane has on impure CO₂ gas streams has not. One particular field of the Cooper Basin was investigated in detail (Field A). However, since similar reservoir and fluid characteristics of Field A are common to the region it is expected that the data measured and developed has applications to many other oil reservoirs of the region and similar reservoirs elsewhere. The aim of this Ph.D. project is to determine the applicability of CO₂ as an injection gas for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in the Cooper Basin oil reservoirs and to compare CO₂ with other possible CO₂-rich injection gases. The summarised goals of this research are to: • Determine the compatibility of Field A reservoir fluid with CO₂ as an injection gas. • Compare CO₂ to other injection gas options for Field A. • Development of a correlation to predict the effect of nC₅ on MMP for a CO₂- rich injection gas stream. These goals were achieved through the following work: • Extensive experimental studies of the reservoir properties and the effects of interaction between CO₂-rich injection gas streams and Field A reservoir fluid measuring properties related to: • Miscibility of the injection gas with Field A reservoir fluid • Solubility and swelling properties of the injection gas with Field A reservoir fluid • Change in viscosity-pressure relationship of Field A reservoir fluid due to addition of injection gas • A reservoir condition core flood experiment • Compositional simulation of the reservoir condition core flood to compare expected recoveries from different injection gases • Development of a set of Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) measurements targeted at correlating the effect of nC₅ on CO₂ MMP. The key findings of this research are as follows: • Miscibility is achievable at practical pressures for Field A and similar reservoir fluids with pure CO₂ or CO₂-rich injection gases. • For Field A reservoir fluid, viscosity of the remaining flashed liquid will increase at pressures below ~2500psi due to mixing the reservoir fluid with a CO₂-rich injection gas stream. • Comparison of injection gases showed that methane rich gases are miscible with Field A so long as a significant quantity of C₃+ components is also present in the gas stream. • There is a defined trend for effect of nC₅ on MMP of impure CO₂. This trend was correlated with an error of less than 4%. • Even though oil composition is taken into account with the base gas MMP, it still affects the trend for effect of nC₅ on MMP of a CO₂-rich gas stream. • An oil characterisation factor was developed to account for this effect, significantly improving the results, reducing the error of the correlation to only 1.6%. The significance of these findings is as follows: • An injection pressure above ~3000psi should be targeted. At these pressures miscibility is achieved and the viscosity of the reservoir fluid injection gas mix is reduced. • CO₂ should be compared to gases such as Tim Gas should after considering the cost of compression, pipeline costs and distance from source to destination will need to be considered. • The addition of nC₅ will reduce the MMP and increase the recovery factor, however the cost of the nC₅ used would be more than the value of increased oil recovered. • The developed correlation for the effect of nC₅ on impure CO₂ MMP can be used broadly within the limits of the correlation. • Further research using more oils is necessary to validate the developed oil characterisation factor and if successful, using the same or similar method used to improve other correlations.
http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1369016
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Australian School of Petroleum, 2009.
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Book chapters on the topic "Rising bubble apparatus"

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"FIGURE 13 The Brabender Do-Corder. (Courtesy of C. W. Brabender Instruments Co., South Hackensack, NJ.) 23 shows how the extensigram changes after the addition of ascorbic acid to the dough, when it is allowed to react for different times. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is often added to commercial bread dough to produce a finer crumb grain and larger loaf volume. (b) Extensometer. The Halton (or Simon "Research") extensometer of the Association of British Flour Millers [14] is similar to the Brabender extensigraph. The exten-someter is part of a three-unit device that also includes a water absorption meter and a mixer-shaper unit. The ab-sorption meter determines the optimum absorption of the FIGURE 14 Two views of the developer head for the Braben-dough (generally yeasted) from the extrusion time values der Do-Corder. (Courtesy of C. W. Brabender Instruments Co., measured on several doughs prepared from the same flour South Hackensack, NJ.) sample with varying amounts of water. Optimum absorp-tion has been empirically linked to an extrusion time of 50 alveograph subjects dough to extension in two dimensions seconds. After the doughs are shaped in the mixer-shaper by blowing a molded and rested sheet into a bubble unit, they are stretched between two pegs. The force exert-[1,10,24] (AACC Method 54-30). From the physical view-ed on the stationary peg is transmitted and recorded in the point, such an extension mode is well linked with the gas form of a curve that resembles the Brabender extensigram. cell expansion in rising dough. The instrument records the (c) Alveograph. Another load-extension apparatus, un-air pressure in the bubble as a function of inflation time. A til recently more popular in several European countries typical alveograph record, an alveogram, is shown in Fig-than in North America, is the Chopin alveograph. Unlike ure 24. Its interpretation is similar to that of the extensi-the Brabender extensigraph or Halton extensometer, which gram. The maximum height of the curve is taken as a mea-both stretch the test dough piece in only one direction, the sure of resistance to extension, and its length as a measure." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 537–49. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rising bubble apparatus"

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Mihcakan, Metin. "Minimum Miscibility Pressure, Rising Bubble Apparatus, and Phase Behavior." In SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/27815-ms.

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Ravinuthala, Sharad Chand, and Ismail B. Celik. "Numerical Modelling of Bubble Columns for High Temperature Glass Melting Applications." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22054.

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Bottom heating approach for glass melting offers potential benefits of higher efficiency and lower emissions compared to the conventional surface fired melters with burners above the bath surface. Recent advances in the enabling technologies such as burners, controls, heat recovery and refractive materials have led to successful demonstration of bottom heating Submerged Combustion Melting (SCM) of glass. In the proposed reactor, combustion products of natural gas oxy combustion are bubbled through the three phase re-circulating tank reactor. The turbulence generated by the rising bubble column would result in rapid heating and mixing of the charge resulting in fast melting and homogeneous composition of the product. Detailed understanding of such two-phase gas liquid flows is imperative for developing efficient multi-phase reactors through precise control of mixing and reaction kinetics. The bubble column, without any phase change and heating, is a good apparatus for an elementary experimental study and numerical modeling of such flows. In this study, the hydrodynamics of the bubble column are investigated using two different numerical approaches i) Using ANSYS FLUENT with an Eulerian-Eulerian approach to model the bubble and continuous phases and ii) Using a Navier-Stokes solver with the Eulerian-Lagrangian method with the Particle-in-Ball approach. The results thus obtained are discussed in detail in comparison with the experimental data available. Experiments have been conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the behaviour of the bubbles in very viscous media.
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Fujiwara, Akiko, Yuki Danmoto, and Koichi Hishida. "Bubble Deformation and Surrounding Flow Structure Measured by PIV/LIF and Shadow Image Technique." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45674.

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The gas-liquid contactors find in broad application, such as fluidized-beds, bioreactor bubble columns and other equipment involving solid-liquid, gas-liquid and even solid-gas-liquid flows, and bubbly flow has been investigated both experimentally and numerically for many years. Some of our limitations can be attributed to the lack of understanding of the correlation between the global flow structure and local influence of interaction between the dispersed phase (bubble or solid) and the surrounding liquid phase. Until the widespread availability of PIV, many measurement method using image-processing techniques were applied to bubbly flow [1][2]. To investigate the flow in the vicinity of the bubble, authors’ group has developed a particular PIV technique with fluorescent tracer particles [3][4]. With this measurement system, we have been able to study the localized phenomena, such as the surrounding wake structure and the factors influencing the forces on the bubble; that is, the interaction between gas/liquid phases and the associated transfer mechanisms. In particular, to understand the bubble transfer mechanisms experimentally, it is necessary to associate the flow structure with the actual three-dimensional bubble behavior. Therefore, during the course of the development of image processing techniques, several experimental groups have developed methods to investigate three-dimensional bubble behavior [5][6][7]. The objective of the present study is to obtain fundamental knowledge of the translational motion of the bubble, as caused by the interaction between the linear shear flow field and the rising bubble within it. Fig.1 shows the experimental apparatus. We explored the flow structure in the vicinity of the bubble in one plane and its deformation in two planes respectively by PIV/LIF and a projection technique in two perpendicular planes. For our experiment, we chose a single air bubble with an equivalent diameter De = 2∼6mm, rising in a shear flow field set at 2.0s−1 of shear rate. By reconstructing the instantaneous three-dimensional bubble shapes from two perpendicular planar images, we estimated three-dimensional bubble trajectory and the interactive influence on flow structure with consideration of the three-dimensional arrangement. Fig.2 shows approximated three-dimensional deformed bubble shape and corresponding vorticity contour. We quantitatively showed the three-dimensional wake structure, viewed in terms of the vorticity, with additional consideration given to the relative arrangement and approximated three-dimensional shape and trajectory of the bubble. Bubble oscillated to a characteristic moment in y-direction mainly. As shown in Fig.2(c), the bubble moves across the laser sheet in x-z plane. According to the side view of bubble trajectory, bubble moves toward the direction where x increases and y decreases. At the position A, the region with relatively high intensity of vorticity appeared at left edge of the bubble while the region with high intensity of vorticity exists at lower right of the bubble at position B. This transition can be explained by the three-dimensional structure of bubble’s wake. In order to elucidate the effect of bubble deformation on the wake structure behind the bubble, the relation between aspect ratio As and the parameter of asymmetric property Rl is shown in Fig.3(a). The large Rl indicate large curvature of right-hand-side edge and Rl = 0.5 indicate symmetric shape. Fig.3(c) shows the relation between bubble trajectory and the vorticity near the right-hand-side edge of the bubble ωr. With consideration of the vorticity ωr estimated from PIV data respectively, we elucidated that bubble asymmetric deformation was induced by the growth of the hairpin vortex attached to the bubble’s edge. The bubble indicated remarkable asymmetric deformation with maximum value of the vorticity on the bubble’s edge. The bubble then shed the vortex downstream, and its lateral motion switched to the opposite direction as shown in Fig.3(b). In conclusion, we associated lateral transition of bubble zig-zag motion with periodical bubble deformation and wake structure, using PIV/LIF/double-shadow projection technique. The growth of vortex on the edge of the bubble induced asymmetric deformation, and the bubble then changed its direction of motion after shedding vortex.
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