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1
Müller, M., S. Vorogushyn, P. Maier, A. H. Thieken, T. Petrow, A. Kron, B. Büchele, and J. Wächter. "CEDIM Risk Explorer – a map server solution in the project "Risk Map Germany"." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 5 (August 4, 2006): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-711-2006.
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Abstract. The project "Risk Map Germany" at the Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology (CEDIM) aims at visualizing hazards, vulnerabilities and risks associated with natural and man made hazards. CEDIM as an interdisciplinary project unified various expertise like earthquake, storm and flood disaster research. Our aim was to visualize the manifold data exploration in thematic maps. The implemented Web-GIS solution "CEDIM Risk Explorer" represents the map visualizations of the different risk research. This Web-GIS integrates results from interdisciplinary work as maps of hazard, vulnerability and risk in one application and offers therefore new cognitions to the user by enabling visual comparisons. The present paper starts with a project introduction and a literature review of distributed GIS environments. Further the methods of map realization and visualization in the selected technical solution is worked out. Finally, the conclusions give the perspectives for future developments to the "CEDIM Risk Explorer".
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ΣΑΜΠΩ, Β., Θ. ΓΚΟΥΡΝΕΛΟΣ, Ν. ΕΥΕΛΠΙΔΟΥ, and Α. ΒΑΣΙΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ. "Data base and erosion risk map creation at Trichonida lake using fuzzy sets and G.I.S." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17048.
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Trichonida lake has an area of 96,17Km2 and is situated at Etoloakarnania prefecture. In this study a data base has been developed, on geological, geomorphological and environmental data, concerning the wider zone around Trichonida lake. Different thematic maps have been created, using as input variables, the GIS database fields and the statistical analysis output from the MathLab software. Using MathLab software, the primary data has been transformed into fuzzy data sets and for each drainage basin an erodibility value was calculated. The final thematic map, present the erodibility values of each drainage basin. Such geographical GIS databases may be used in local or regional level for the study of erodibility problems, the development of thematic maps and moreover to decision support systems.
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Bizoura, A., E. Lykoudi, E. Spyridonos, and E. Manoutsoglou. "ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY DEGREE OF DIFFERENT LITHOLOGICAL FORMATIONS IN THE CATCHMENT AREA OF AGIA EIRINI GORGE, WESTERN CRETE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 3 (January 24, 2017): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11307.
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This paper presents a methodology for assessing the degree of vulnerability of different lithology formations constituting the drainage basin of the gorge of Agia Eirini. The methodology is based on the processing of spatial aspects parameters of lithology, hydrography, geomorphology and the vegetation cover, which are related with the weathering impact on formations either directly or indirectly. Initially a series of primary spatial data on geology, topography, the river network and the land use in the region, were used to produce thematic maps. These maps include the geological map, the digital terrain model (DTM), the map of the land use, and hydrographic maps of density and frequency. By processing the data according to their role in enhancing the vulnerability of formations, the data were determined and the following thematic maps: “Map of geological formations susceptible to weathering”, “Map of hydrographic texture”, “Map of morphological inclinations” and “land use map protecting against the loss of disintegrated material were produced. By appropriate combination of these secondary data, areas of vulnerability of formations were recorded which are shown on a final thematic map. This information is particularly valuable in the management planning and gives the opportunity to evaluate and predict the impact of various proposed projects or future scenarios. They can also be used to identify positions to take necessary measures to protect areas at high risk of loss of material.
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Szpikowski, Józef, Mikołaj Majewski, and Wojciech Madaj. "Conditions for soil erosion by water in the upper Parsęta catchment." Landform Analysis 36 (December 30, 2018): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/landfana.036.006.
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The paper presents potential soil erosion risk of the upper Parsęta catchment (Drawskie Lake District, NW Poland). The model considers following conditions affecting the size of soil erosion: slope gradient, LS factor, lithology, land use and land cover. Thematic maps have been reclassified into a 4-degree division. Potential soil erosion risk map was prepared on the basis of thematic maps. Areas with small and moderate susceptibility to soil erosion occupy 71.5% of the catchment area. The 4th class of erosiveness is represented by the river valley slopes, steep slopes of kame and moraine hills, covering 28.5% of the upper Parsęta catchment.
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Yanev, Rosen, and Galina Bezinska. "AN APPROACH FOR MAPPING THE SPATIAL IMBALANCES IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041397r.
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This research is directed (main objective) towards differentiation, tracking and presentation of the functional sustainability trends of regional development in Bulgaria (NUTS BG3). The proposals are based on empirical and statistical information processed in the GIS environment for the period 2008-2016. The used research approaches are general geographic and cartographic: cybernetic approach; systematic and correlation analysis; choropleth mapping and proportional symbols. The subject of this analysis is Goal 1. of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030, which states:“End poverty in all its forms everywhere“. The object of this research is Bulgaria (NUTS BG3). The obtained results was presented in three thematic maps, one table and one figure. Our main goals was: Presentation of the results from the considered aspect of the regional policy for sustainable development of the European Union in Bulgaria, based on the absolute values of the considered indicators (Thematic map 1 and 2); Determination of the trend of functional sustainability of regional development in Bulgaria as a means of mapping the impact of centrifugal and centripetal forces, creating and exacerbating the spatial imbalances - center / periphery in Bulgaria. (Thematic map 3) The obtained results show the decrease in the absolute values of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion and the increase of GDP per capita. The differentiated trend of functional sustainability of regional development in Bulgaria (Thematic Map 3) was transformed and supplemented on the basis of established subjectivity in the interpretation of the impact of the phenomena under consideration (the rate of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion and GDP per capita) . As a result, it was structured a method for mapping the impact of centrifugal and centripetal forces, generating and deepening the spatial imbalances - center / periphery in Bulgaria (in particular).
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Belgherbi, Benamar, Kheloufi Benabdeli, and Kamel Mostefai. "Mapping the risk forest fires in Algeria: Application of the forest of Guetarnia in Western Algeria." Ekológia (Bratislava) 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2018-0022.
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AbstractThe methods applied in Algeria for the prevention and fight against the fires remain fairly traditional and have proved to be ineffective in reducing the disastrous impact of this phenomenon. However, the aim of this work is to analyse a forest ecosystem that is fairly representative of the whole of the forests in Algeria, on plan risk and vulnerability of the environment for a better control of risk. Using modern geomatics techniques to map the degree of risk of fires and analysis the space: like satellite imagery spatial data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).The Guetarnia forest in western Algeria has been retained; seven thematic maps have been developed and have helped to develop a sensitivity map to depict the fire risk.
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Hao, Lu, Xiao Yu Zhang, and Zhi Liang Shu. "Risk Assessment Model to Natural Disaster in County Unit Based on Information Diffusion Technology." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 839–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.839.
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Accurate assessment to disaster risk is one of the keys to reducing disaster losses. However, due to the fact that the disaster situation data series in county unit are always relatively short, available data are often not sufficient for disaster risk analysis. In this paper, a risk analysis method based on information diffusion theory was applied to create a new disaster risk analysis model (CURAM), and the risk of disaster can be evaluated on higher spatial resolution of county unit. Visual Basic and Map Objects were used to establish CURAM applying object oriented technique and component technique. CURAM provided risk evaluate function to natural disaster in county unit, and thematic map making and output, etc. The risk assessment results calculated by CURAM indicated that information diffusion technology was highly capable of extracting useful information and therefore improved system recognition accuracy.
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Nasiri, M. "GIS modelling for locating the risk zone of soil erosionin a deciduous forest." Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 2 (February 12, 2013): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2012-jfs.
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The maps of altitude, geology, vegetation cover and land use were prepared and classified as the main criteria to locate soil and water conservation programs. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the relative priorities of these criteria by pairwise comparison. All the thematic maps were then integrated using the overlay process in Geographical Information System (GIS) and the final map of soil erosion risk was produced. Results indicated that vegetation cover was given the highest weight (0.494). The geology was assigned the second highest weight (0.313), as the main cause of initiation of the erosion of erodible lands. Land-use change has a local influence on soil erosion, so it was assigned the third weight (0.151). Altitude is a low-impact variable for predicting the water and soil conservation areas.
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Stanek, Karel, and Petr Silhak. "Real-time Cartographic Generalisation: Risk Management Maps Case Study." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-349-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> One of the main tasks that have been addressed within the project “Dynamic Mapping Methods Focused on Risk and Disaster Management in the Big Data Era” was how to deal with a scale-dependent modification of a thematic content. Thematic content on this type of maps is composed of point-based observations from different sources. Assembled maps are organized according to particular risk phenomena and previously mentioned point observations indicate status of the risk in selected theme. These indicators come from a variety of different sources, such as automatic sensors, volunteer observations, geographically localized patterns on the web and social networks etc. The user of the map has to first select a key indicator and subsequently a set of support indicators, to customize the map to his requirements. Naturally, when scaling down, graphical conflicts between map elements must be resolved. However, the cartographic generalization has to be done in such a way as to also highlight content and preserve the context of presented observations. In the context of the previous paragraph, it was clear that the most suitable cartographic generalization method for our purposes was an aggregation. Generally, the aggregation is a transformation of group map objects into smaller group of map objects (usually on just one target object). In our case we can identify following target objects of the aggregation:</p><ul><li>A multiple observation symbol resulting from aggregation of either several close symbols of the same kind, or several heterogenous symbols to highlight importance or dominance of one specific kind,</li><li>A rectangular array of symbols resulting from aggregation of conglomeration of heterogenous symbols,</li><li>An area that is the aggregation of a bounded array of objects of the same type, areal shape is derived from simplified convex hull of affected symbols, nevertheless, in some cases, the concave hull and best-fit ellipse were also tried,</li><li>An isopleth representation of value regularly distributed symbols of the same kind, where isopleths are derived from IDW interpolation either of the symbol value or by symbol density, border lines of zones are simplified and invisible.</li></ul><p> For the purpose of controlling the generalization process, it is necessary to set the conditions for generalization of the map objects. Such conditions - constraints are in this case relatively simple - symbol size is fixed, symbols cannot overlap, symbols are closer to their original location then other symbols (rectangular group of symbols is considered as one aggregated symbol). It is also necessary to choose which transformation mechanism belongs to which group of map objects. Given the small complexity of the situations and the need for rapid identification of the generalization operator, we have chosen rule-based control system. Rule set is extensible and stored in a database, its core is small due to a cover transformation of group of point symbols to one entity expressed by potentially four representations (or its combination). Because isolated objects are rarely present on the map, key role in the generalisation process plays a structure recognition. Process of the structure recognition is triggered by symbol collision. Identified symbol collisions are clustered by distance and clusters are solved together. For each type of symbol present within an individual cluster, cartometric measurement are made in the cluster’s vicinity. The resulting parameterization leads to the rule identification. Several possibilities how to prioritize rules, in case of ambiguity and impact of their setting on the generalization process are also further discussed.</p><p>Second, but not less important part of the article, is dedicated to the implementation of the cartographic generalisation process. Because the final goal is to build a web map, the implementation is based on web technologies. Core of the implementation is based on node.js server. All processing tools were defined as JavaScript functions. For geoprocessing purposes, open source library Turf was used, because this technology falls under MIT license. Measurements and rules were stored in open source LevelGraph database. This graph database has nowadays no particular advantage in the limited scope of cartographic generalisation process, but it seems to be promising for possible future and more complex projects. Another reason why beforementioned tools were selected is the possibility to transfer the whole generalization process to the client-side web browser. Input thematic data are the result of a query on web service which provide us evaluated anomalies and their cross references. For visualisation purposes were used open source interactive web maps library OpenLayers.</p>
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Le, Trung Van, Hoang Thi Kim Nguyen, and Anh Thi Ngoc Nguyen. "GIS and Remote Sensing solution for Dalat city’s soil erosion mapping." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i2.700.
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This paper introduces the solution for Dalat city’s soil erosion mapping using the integration of GIS, Remote Sensing and the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Each of the USLE factors with associated attribute data are dicussed and the soil erosion parameters were selected and encoded in a GIS database to produce thematic layers. The result demonstrates the soil erosion map that indicates the potential annual soil loss located in each area of land. This map is used to confirm the severe level of soil erosion risk need immediate attention from soil conservation point of view.
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Statham, I., C. Golightly, and G. Treharne. "Thematic mapping of the abandoned mining hazard: a pilot study for the South Wales Coalfield." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.31.
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AbstractThe Department of the Environment and the Welsh Office jointly sponsored a South Wales Desk Study into the feasibility of producing thematic maps of the Mining subsidence risk for planners. A method was to be developed and tested for a 25 km2 Pilot Area centred on Ebbw Vale.The study was started by collecting geological and mining data for the Pilot Area and compiling this information on a map. It was then intended to prepare the mining subsidence map from this map by back analysing subsidence incidents to determine the hazardous areas. This simple approach could not be followed for two reasons. First, the record of mining was incomplete and it was therefore necessary to define ‘worked’ seams and areas from the total historical record and not only from the surviving mine plans. Secondly, insufficient subsidence incidents were discovered in the Pilot Area to carry out meaningful back analysis.The study was extended to collect all readily available records of subsidence incidents throughout the Coalfield. A total of 388 were traced, mainly dating from 1960. About threequarters were collapses through superficial materials and were either close to the outcrop or above mine entries, the remaining 25% propagated to the ground surface through rock. The upper limit of migration was typically 8 times the extracted height where the dip was shallow, incrasing to as much as 18 times for steep dips. Selected grout contracts and opencast mining sites were also examined to gain information on the present condition of old workings and to study the ‘reputations’ of the various seams for voids.The results of the coalfield study were applied to the Pilot Area to produce a 1:10 000 scale Development Advice Map, ‘Mining Subsidence for use by developers and planners’. The map is zoned to show areas where specialist advice is necessary to support a planning application and it also shows all mine entries traced by the desk study. The method of production is general for the South Wales Coalfield and further maps could be prepared, using the Coalfield Study, quickly and cheaply.
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Morozova, A. V., E. A. Lihacheva, I. V. Chesnokova, and A. V. Koshkarev. "Assessment and forecast of dangerous exogenous processes activation during climate change based on the analysis of thematic maps data." Geodesy and Cartography 966, no. 12 (January 20, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-966-12-11-20.
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The research purpose is to develop the principles of cartographic assessment and long-term risk forecasts for the development of cryogenic and erosion processes in the continental zone of the Russian Arctic sector under global climatic changes. ′Map of the modern dynamics of Northern Eurasia (within Russia and neighboring countries) 1
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KOUSSA, M., and T. BOUZIANE. "GIS contribution to the mapping of zones at risk of water erosion in the Djelfa region, algeria." Lebanese Science Journal 19, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/lsj-019.1.031-046.
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Soil erosion by water has become a relevant issue at global scale. In the last years this phenomenon witnessed a spectacular extension and its effects are becoming more disturbing.The majority of studies on water erosion and land degradation in Algeria do not or slightly integrate spatial analysis techniques by GIS, to provide more knowledge and mapping of these phenomena.In this study, geographic information systems were used to develop a number of thematic maps (slope, topography, hydrographic network map) and to assess and map the phenomenon of water erosion using the universal soil losses equation (USLE) in the Djelfa region,central Algeria. This watershed is characterized by a great irregularity in precipitation, steep slope and low vegetation cover, which makes it very vulnerable to erosion.The aim of thisstudy is to couple a GIS tool withthe USLE model to determine the rate of erosion by runoff (0.31 t/ha/year on average), to map the areas at risk of water erosion in the region of Djelfa, and disseminate the results for adequate decision-making.
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Nalbandyan, М. А., and А. О. Nersisyan. "Environmental Risk Assessment in the Masrik River Basin." Agrology 4, no. 2 (2021): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/021009.
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The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental risks of water pollutionin the Masrik River catchment area. The risk assessment studies are based on the results of thehydrochemical monitoring of the Masrik River Basin water quality in 2012‒2014. The main riskfactors for pollution of the river basin area are mining, agriculture, uncontrolled utility flows.Zoning was performed and areas of zones were calculated using a digital elevation model (DEM)in the ArcGIS software environment and taking into account sampling points and river basins. Atthe same time, the territory was ranked by population density. Then a geodatabase (GDB) wascompiled. GDB presents the point assessments of the state of river waters according to the level ofthe pollutant concentration factor and population density. The thematic layers based on the resultsof the indicators in the ArcGIS program were compiled. A map was obtained according to a pointassessment of environmental risk. An integrated assessment of river water pollution was carriedout in different parts of the basin. The population density and total risk index were calculated. Thethree risk zones were identified in the river basin: high, medium and low. In addition to presentingtheoretical value, the conclusions are also of practical importance and can be used in the developmentof river basin risk management programs, measures for quality management and control ofpollution sources in the aread.
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Estupinan-Suarez, L. M., C. Florez-Ayala, M. J. Quinones, A. M. Pacheco, and A. C. Santos. "Detection and characterizacion of Colombian wetlands using Alos Palsar and MODIS imagery." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-375-2015.
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Wetlands regulate the flow of water and play a key role in risk management of extreme flooding and drought. In Colombia, wetland conservation has been a priority for the government. However, there is an information gap neither an inventory nor a national baseline map exists. In this paper, we present a method that combines a wetlands thematic map with remote sensing derived data, and hydrometeorological stations data in order to characterize the Colombian wetlands. Following the adopted definition of wetlands, available spatial data on land forms, soils and vegetation was integrated in order to characterize spatially the occurrence of wetlands. This data was then complemented with remote sensing derived data from active and passive sensors. A flood frequency map derived from dense time series analysis of the ALOS PALSAR FBD /FBS data (2007-2010) at 50m resolution was used to analyse the recurrence of flooding. In this map, flooding under the canopy and open water classes could be mapped due to the capabilities of the L-band radar. In addition, MODIS NDVI profiles (2007-2012) were used to characterize temporally water mirrors and vegetation, founding different patterns at basin levels. Moreover, the Colombian main basins were analysed and typified based on hydroperiods, highlighting different hydrological regimes within each basin. The combination of thematic maps, SAR data, optical imagery and hydrological data provided information on the spatial and temporal dynamics of wetlands at regional scales. Our results provide the first validated baseline wetland map for Colombia, this way providing valuable information for ecosystem management.
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Yemelyanenko, Sergiy, Yuriy Rudyk, Andriy Kuzyk, and Roman Yakovchuk. "Geoinformational system of rescue services." MATEC Web of Conferences 247 (2018): 00030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824700030.
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Geoportal is an indispensable tool for processing data related to city infrastructure, life support systems; for the analysis of statistics of fires and other emergency situations in the city; to create thematic layers of electron-vector maps showing the city’s infrastructure and other information necessary for the management of the SNS units; for identification of fire risks for residential buildings and public buildings of Lviv city and mapping them according to the risk levels in the form of a risk map. The analysis of the city’s infrastructure allows us to study in detail the problematic issues related to fire and technological safety. The geoportal and its cartographic information of the information will allow the head of the rescue unit, during the post-emergency situation, to find the information necessary for the effective performance of rescue operations and to assess the potential risks.
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Pandey, K., and S. K. Ghosh. "MODELING OF PARAMETERS FOR FOREST FIRE RISK ZONE MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-299-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Forest fire has been regarded as one of the major reasons for the loss of biodiversity and dreadful conditions of environment. Global warming is also increasing the incidence of forest fire at an alarming rate. That’s why, one need to understand the complex biophysical parameters, which are responsible for this disaster. As it is difficult to predict forest fire, fire risk zone map can be useful for combating the forest fire. So the main aim of this study is to generate a Fire risk model to map fire risk zone using Remote Sensing & GIS technique. Pauri Garhwal District, located in Uttarakhand, India, has been selected for this study as it continually faces the problem of forest fire. Landsat-8 data of 18th April, 2016 have been used for land use land cover mapping. Slope and other information have been derived from topographic maps and field information. For thematic and topographic information analysis ArcGIS and ERDAS Imagine software have been used. Forest fire risk model was generated by using AHP method, where each category was assigned subjective weight according to their sensitivity to fire. Three categories of forest fire risk ranging from very high to low were derived. The generated forest fire risk model was found to be in strong agreement with actual fire-affected sites.</p>
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Bol, Ertan, Aşkın Özocak, and Sedat Sert. "The Old Adapazarı Atatürk City Stadium Risk Assessment." Academic Perspective Procedia 2, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 1388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.02.03.154.
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The land of the Old Adapazarı Atat&uuml;rk City Stadium, which was laid in the center of Adapazarı in the 1950s, was designed as the Sakarya National Garden due to the construction of the new stadium structure. In the National Garden, the masonry stone section to the north of the old stadium was requested to be preserved. In this study, a scientific evaluation has been made in terms of superstructure and soil properties in order to prevent damage in a possible earthquake. Eight cone penetration tests were conducted in the field and the results were evaluated. Liquefaction potential index values were determined for each sounding as a result of liquefaction analyzes performed by cyclic stress analysis and the results were associated with Geographical Information Systems and a liquefaction thematic map was prepared. As a result, it has been concluded that liquefaction may occur in the western part of the ground where the foundation of the building is located.
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Szantoi, Zoltan, Andreas Brink, Andrea Lupi, Claudio Mammone, and Gabriel Jaffrain. "Key landscapes for conservation land cover and change monitoring, thematic and validation datasets for sub-Saharan Africa." Earth System Science Data 12, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 3001–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3001-2020.
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Abstract. Mounting social and economic demands on natural resources increasingly threaten key areas for conservation in Africa. Threats to biodiversity pose an enormous challenge to these vulnerable areas. Effective protection of sites with strategic conservation importance requires timely and highly detailed geospatial monitoring. Larger ecological zones and wildlife corridors warrant monitoring as well, as these areas have an even higher degree of pressure and habitat loss. To address this, a satellite-imagery-based monitoring workflow to cover at-risk areas at various details was developed. During the program's first phase, a total of 560 442 km2 area in sub-Saharan Africa was covered, from which 153 665 km2 was mapped with eight land cover classes while 406 776 km2 was mapped with up to 32 classes. Satellite imagery was used to generate dense time series data from which thematic land cover maps were derived. Each map and change map were fully verified and validated by an independent team to achieve our strict data quality requirements. The independent validation datasets for each key landscape for conservation (KLC) are also described and presented here (full and teaser datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914261, Szantoi et al., 2020a).
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White, Larissa Alves Secundo, Benjamin Leonardo Alves White, and Genésio Tâmara Ribeiro. "Modelagem espacial de risco de incêndio florestal para o município de Inhambupe, Bahia, Brasil." Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira 36, no. 85 (March 31, 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4336/2016.pfb.36.85.850.
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A modelagem do risco espacial de incêndios florestais tem o objetivo de determinar as regiões mais susceptíveis ao fogo, baseando-se em variáveis que representam a facilidade de ignição e de propagação do fogo. Nesse contexto, utilizando-se das variáveis: sistema viário, densidade demográfica, uso e ocupação do solo, malha hidrográfica, inclinação e orientação das encostas, foram elaborados mapas de riscos preliminares, que, posteriormente à ponderações das mesmas pelo método AHP, foram integradas por meio da calculadora Raster em um mapa final de risco de incêndio florestal para o município de Inhambupe, Bahia, Brasil. Com base no modelo utilizado, 75,46% da área de estudo apresenta-se classificada como de maior risco, representado pelas classes “alto”, “muito alto” e “extremo”. Ao comparar o mapa final do risco de incêndio florestal para a área de estudo com o histórico de áreas queimadas, verificou-se que 94,83% dos registros de incêndios florestais estão alocados nas áreas de maior risco.Spatial modeling of forest fire risk for the Municipality of Inhambupe, Bahia State, BrazilSpatial modeling of forest fire risk has the aim to determine areas most susceptible to fire based on variables that represent facility of ignition and propagation. This work developed a forest fire risk map for the Municipality of Inhambupe, Bahia State, Brazil, by elaborating thematic maps of the following variables: road system, population density, land occupation and use, watershed network, slope and aspect. These were evaluated by the analytic hierarchy process and integrated with map algebra. Based on the developed model, 75.46% of the studied area was classified as “high”, “very high” and “extreme high” fire risk. When comparing the forest fire risk map with historical data of burned areas, 95% of the fires were in these areas.Index terms: Forest protection; Fire susceptibility; Risk map
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Cao, Yanbo, Xinsheng Wei, Wen Fan, Yalin Nan, Wei Xiong, and Shilin Zhang. "Landslide susceptibility assessment using the Weight of Evidence method: A case study in Xunyang area, China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): e0245668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245668.
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The aim of this study is to provide a landslide susceptibility map of the Xunyang District of a mountainous terrain, at the southern part of the Qin-Ba Mountain Region, which has been highly exposed to widely distributed shallow landslides over the past few decades. The Weight of Evidence (WoE) method was adopted in this research considering both the presence of a certain landslide causative factor class and the absence of remaining classes, which was used for determining a clearly spatial correlation between a landslide occurrence and the causative factors. Intrinsic factors, including geomorphological factors, geological factors, and river flow networks, and external factors of anthropogenic engineering activities in terms of density of road network were all considered and involved in the Geological Information System (GIS) environment for reconstructing the thematic layers of factor dataset. Significant assumptions prior to the analysis were emphasized to ensure conditional independence between each pair of factors for this bivariate statistical approach. In addition, a detailed landslide inventory map was constructed through field investigation and a remote sensing interpretation process at a scale of 1:50000. The thematic layers and landslide map were overlapped to obtain a spatial statistical relationship by using the frequency ratio method. At last, the validation process for the derived susceptibility map was conducted by applying the ROC curve, indicating that more than 90% of the landslides were in categories of high and moderate susceptibility zones. The causative factor classes, including the slope angles ranging from 20 to 40°, strong weathered and fractured strata, and road network density were identified to considerably influence the landslide distribution in the study area. The results have proven to be significantly meaningful for landslide hazard risk mitigation and land use management for the local authorities responsible for these fields.
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Prasanna Venkatesh, S., and S. E. Saranaathan. "IDENTIFICATION OF LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY ZONATION IN CNG GHAT SECTION, GUDALUR, THE NILGIRIS – USING GIS BASED ANN/MULTI CRITERIA METHOD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 27, 2018): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-871-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Among the various natural hazards, landslide is the most widespread and damaging hazard. In recent times, throughout a lot of attention is being drawn to evaluate the risk due to landslides. The invention of remote sensing and GIS have been new vistas in the field of geo scientific studies viz. geomorphological mapping, groundwater potential mapping, disaster management etc. The present study has been undertaken to study different thematic maps like, contour, drainage, slope, aspect, curvature, DEM, DTM, drainage density, drainage intensity, geology, lineament, lineament density, lineament intensity, geomorphology, land use, weathering thickness, run off, soil thickness and buffer maps like road, drainage, lineament etc. in CNG ghat section, Gudalur, The Nilgiris. For this purpose, the satellite image IRS – RS2, LISS III January 2014 used to prepare different thematic maps. The contour, drainage and road network were incorporate from SoI Toposheets. The slope, curvature, aspects and buffer maps were prepared from GIS environments. Based on field studies, above said thematic maps (22 nos.) were prepared and were grouped into 3 categories viz. Geology, Hydrology and Terrain. In each category the input maps were assigned different score as well as each layer has been given different weightage. Finally the categories are analysed through multi – criteria analysis to find out 5 different vulnerability classes. The 5 different land susceptibility zones are classified as very low, low, moderate, high and very high. The percentages of area under different susceptibility classes are 3%, 20%, 51%, 25%, and 1% respectively. The locations of small area major landslides and slip locations were calculated from different years using (2010 and 2014) Trimble GPS in the field. The field data was converted into point layer in GIS and landslide inventory map was prepared. This map was superimposed in landslide susceptibility zonation map. As per field data 0%, 9.25%, 57.5%, 32% and 1.25% Slide points are come under very low, low, moderate, high, very high susceptibility zones respectively.</p>
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George, Iniodu, and Davison Mbere-obong. "SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA: A GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) STUDY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12.2016.2398.
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Effective control efforts on Lymphatic filariasis (LF) are hindered by paucity of reliable data on spatial distribution of the disease. Aim: This study was aimed at mapping and describing the transmission pattern of lymphatic filariasis in order to identify high risk zones of infection in Cross River State (CRS), to guide intervention programmes. Method: An 8-year case record (2006-2013) of Lymphatic filariasis in the 18 local government areas (LGAs) of CRS was mapped using geographical information system, (GIS); employing the graduated colour map with natural break classification method. Thematic (LF incidence) maps generated in ArcView 3.1 were overlaid on vegetation and natural drainage maps of the state. Data on seasonal incidence were mapped through aggregation of attribute data (LF cases) by months. Data analysis was through thematic mapping and descriptive statistics. Results: Thematic maps displayed spatial variation in the distribution of LF in the state; showing Ogoja LGA with highest incidence (61.25%) of the 800 reported cases; Ikom, the lowest; 1(0.125%) and zero case in 7 LGAs. There were no visually remarkable patterns to suggest strong influence of vegetation and natural drainage on transmission. Greater proportion (82.12%) of cases was recorded in the dry season. Conclusion: The study has produced prevalence map of LF in the state, which could guide intervention programmes; and has also revealed paucity of data at the disposal of healthcare authorities, a situation that could hinder large scale intervention. Findings identify poor health-seeking behavior of the population and poor disease surveillance strategies in the state. Community health education, strengthening of public health apparatus and interventions through mass drug administration and integrated vector control, are recommended.
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Ducci, Daniela. "An Easy-to-Use Method for Assessing Nitrate Contamination Susceptibility in Groundwater." Geofluids 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1371825.
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This research presents a methodology for assessing nitrate contamination susceptibility in groundwater using thematic maps, derived mainly from the land use map and from statistical data available at national/regional institutes of statistics (especially demographic and environmental data). The methodology was applied in a large area of southern Italy encompassing 4 alluvial and volcanic groundwater bodies, with high concentrations of NO3. The Potential Nitrate Contamination is believed to derive from three sources: agricultural, urban, and periurban. The first one is related to the use of fertilizers. For this reason the land use map was reclassified on the basis of the crop requirements in terms of fertilizers to obtain the Agricultural Potential Nitrate Contamination (APNC) map. The urban source considers leakages from the sewage network and, consequently, it depends on the anthropogenic pressure, expressed by the population density, particularly concentrated in the urbanized areas (Urban Potential Nitrate Contamination (UPNC) map). The periurban sources include unsewered areas, especially present in the periurban context, where illegal sewage connections coexist with on-site sewage disposal (cesspools, septic tanks, and pit latrines) (Periurban Potential Nitrate Contamination (PuPNC) map). The Potential Nitrate Contamination (PNC) map is produced by overlaying the APNC, UPNC, and PuPNC maps. The map combination process is straightforward, being an algebraic combination: the output values are the arithmetic average of the input values. The final pollution susceptibility (RISK) map is obtained by combining the PNC map with the groundwater contamination vulnerability (GwVu) map. The methodology, successfully applied in the study area with a relatively good correlation between the nitrate contamination susceptibility map and the nitrate distribution in groundwater, appears to be effective and have a significant potential for being applied worldwide.
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Jabbar, Mushtak T., Eric M. Baer, and Salah M.S. Al-Atab. "Risk Assessment of Drifting Sand in Agricultural Lands in Basrah Province with the aid of ‘3S’ Techniques." Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 33, no. 1 (June 20, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2020.32.1.01.
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There is a growing need to systematically assessment of drifting sand risk using Geo-information and related technologies for speed and accuracy. The drifting sand map in the southern part of Iraq was established with objective of providing the risk areas of soil loss and the methodology for spatial modeling with Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) and Geo-information techniques. This analysis was carried out using ‘3S’ technologies [Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Position System (GPS)], with the layers extracted and manipulated from available topographic, climatic and soil maps, as well as satellite image (Thematic Mapping (TM) in 2003 and Enhanced Thematic Mapping (ETM) in 2016) and field survey data analyses. Each of the WEQ factors was digitally encoded in a GIS database to establish each factor’s layers. Simultaneously, the overlay operation with the WEQ model on the factor’s layers was digitally performed to produce the sandy degradation class. The study indicated that the severe erosion class covering an area of about 61.9% of the total area is very high with the degraded vegetation and is located in the southwest part of Iraq. Iraq faces serious environmental degradation problems that must be addressed immediately; failure to do so will greatly compound the cost and complexity of later remedial efforts, with environmental degradation beginning even now to pose a major threat to human well-being, especially among the poor.
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Beiranvand Pour, A., and M. Hashim. "REGIONAL GEOLGICAL MAPPING IN TROPICAL ENVIRONMENTS USING LANDSAT TM AND SRTM REMOTE SENSING DATA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-2/W2 (October 19, 2015): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-2-w2-93-2015.
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Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data were used to produce geological maps in tropical environments. Lineament, lithology and landform maps were produced for all states in peninsular Malaysia in this study. Kedah, Perak and Terengganu states have been selected as case studies to demonstrate the results of the data and techniques used. Directional filtering technique was applied to Landsat TM bands 4, 5 and 3 for lineament mapping. The lithology map was produced using Landsat TM bands combination consist of bands 4, 3 and 2. Digital elevation model and landform map were produced using SRTM data in 3 Dimension (3D) and 2 Dimension (2D) perspective views, respectively. The produced geological maps and the remote sensing data and methods applied in this study are mostly appropriate for hazard risk mapping applications and mineral exploration projects in the peninsular Malaysia and tropical environments.
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Wyder, Marianne, Steve Kisely, Carla Meurk, Josie Dietrich, Teresa Fawcett, Dan Siskind, Gail Robinson, and David Crompton. "The language we use – the effect of writing mental health care plans in the first person." Australasian Psychiatry 26, no. 5 (May 14, 2018): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218772251.
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Objective: This study describes the impact of Motivational Aftercare Planning (MAP) – an intervention to increase consumer/clinician collaboration on the content of mental health recovery plans. The intervention focussed on enhancing existing discharge processes in psychiatric inpatient wards and supporting nursing staff in using motivational interviewing techniques to facilitate the completion of these plans. Methods: We conducted a qualitative thematic content analysis of the recovery plans completed throughout the study ( n = 110). Chi-squared tests were then used to compare the occurrence of themes and content identified in recovery plans pre and post the intervention ( n = 55). Results: The thematic content of the recovery plans shifted in focus following the intervention, with a change from third to first person language. Those completed prior to the intervention generally mentioned: decreasing symptoms of mental illness; acceptance of the illness; achieving clinical stability; risk management and treatment compliance. The recovery plans completed after the intervention focussed on: general wellness; participate in meaningful activities; community life; social roles and connections with others. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a simple time-limited, facilitated intervention resulted in a change of thematic content in recovery plans. The use of these plans and its effect on care planning will need further evaluation.
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Del Negro, Ciro, Annalisa Cappello, Giuseppe Bilotta, Gaetana Ganci, Alexis Hérault, and Vito Zago. "Living at the edge of an active volcano: Risk from lava flows on Mt. Etna." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 7-8 (November 21, 2019): 1615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35290.1.
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Abstract Lava flows represent the greatest threat by far to exposed population and infrastructure on Mt. Etna, Italy. The increasing exposure of a larger population, which has almost tripled in the area around Mt. Etna during the past 150 years, has resulted from poor assessment of the volcanic hazard and inappropriate land use in vulnerable areas. Here we quantify the lava flow risk on the flanks of Mt. Etna volcano using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based approach that integrates the hazard with the exposure of elements at stake. The hazard, which shows the long-term probability related to lava flow inundation, is obtained by combining three different kinds of information: the spatiotemporal probability of new flank eruptive vents opening in the future, the event probability associated with classes of expected eruptions, and the overlapping of lava flow paths simulated by the MAGFLOW model. Data including all exposed elements were gathered from institutional web portals and high-resolution satellite imagery and organized in four thematic layers: population, buildings, service networks, and land use. The total exposure is given by a weighted linear combination of the four thematic layers, where weights are calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The resulting risk map shows the likely damage caused by a lava flow eruption and allows rapid visualization of the areas subject to the greatest losses if a flank eruption were to occur on Mt. Etna. The highest risk is found in the southeastern flank due to the combination of high hazard and population density.
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B. C., Roshani, Dinesh Pathak, and Ramesh Gautam. "Hydrogeological Study in and around Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet Valley, Mid-Western Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 22 (December 15, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v22i0.33415.
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This study is carried out in parts of Surkhet valley, which is one of the Dun valleys (Inner Terai) in Nepal. Tubewell data was collected, dug well inventory with water table measurement was carried out followed by the data analysis leading to the groundwater resource assessment of the study area. The subsurface sediment distribution in the study area consist clay, sand and gravel giving rise to multiple aquifer horizons. Groundwater potential map has been prepared for parts of Surkhet valley and groundwater resource assessment has been carried out for the entire valley. Groundwater potential map was prepared using various thematic layers. Weights and rank were assigned, respectively to each thematic layer and its classes based on their significance for the groundwater occurrence. Most of the study area has medium groundwater potential with low potential at north east and high potential at southeast of the study area. The groundwater resource assessment for the valley, carried out by water balance method and aquifer analysis reveals that there is good groundwater reserve in the valley that can significantly fulfill the water demand in the area if properly exploited with required management of land and water resources in the area.
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B. C., Roshani, Dinesh Pathak, and Ramesh Gautam. "Hydrogeological Study in and around Birendranagar Municipality, Surkhet Valley, Mid-Western Nepal." Bulletin of the Department of Geology 22 (December 15, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v22i0.33415.
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This study is carried out in parts of Surkhet valley, which is one of the Dun valleys (Inner Terai) in Nepal. Tubewell data was collected, dug well inventory with water table measurement was carried out followed by the data analysis leading to the groundwater resource assessment of the study area. The subsurface sediment distribution in the study area consist clay, sand and gravel giving rise to multiple aquifer horizons. Groundwater potential map has been prepared for parts of Surkhet valley and groundwater resource assessment has been carried out for the entire valley. Groundwater potential map was prepared using various thematic layers. Weights and rank were assigned, respectively to each thematic layer and its classes based on their significance for the groundwater occurrence. Most of the study area has medium groundwater potential with low potential at north east and high potential at southeast of the study area. The groundwater resource assessment for the valley, carried out by water balance method and aquifer analysis reveals that there is good groundwater reserve in the valley that can significantly fulfill the water demand in the area if properly exploited with required management of land and water resources in the area.
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Roche, D. P. "Planning for development in metalliferous mining areas in South West England." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.38.
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AbstractPlanning for development in mining areas should include full consideration of the possibility of hazards associated with abandoned mineworkings. An adequate amount of study and investigation should enable use of land to be optimized by avoiding the high risk zones, and assist in realistic land evaluation and estimation of development costs. This paper describes a typical mining study and investigation for a site scheduled for development, and the planning implications commonly encountered. The approach is illustrated by a series of thematic map diagrams conveying factual information and interpretation, and based on experience in the metalliferous mining region of SW England. It demonstrates the potential for successful application of this type of approach to planning in areas in which abandoned mineworkings can pose a major hazard to development.
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Adaktylou, Nektaria, Dimitris Stratoulias, and Rick Landenberger. "Wildfire Risk Assessment Based on Geospatial Open Data: Application on Chios, Greece." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090516.
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Wildfires burn tens of thousands of hectares of forest, chaparral and grassland in Mediterranean countries every year, giving rise to landscape, ecologic, economic, and public safety concerns. On the Greek island of Chios and in many other Mediterranean landscapes, areas affected by fire are difficult to access and control due to rugged terrain, requiring wildfire preparedness and response plans that support fire fighting. This study utilized open source data and a weighted linear combination to extract factors that determine wildfire risk. Landsat satellite imagery and publicly available geospatial data were used to create a Geographic Information System and a multi-criteria analysis to develop a methodology for spatially modeling fire risk on Chios, a Greek island with frequent fire occurrence. This study focused on the static, structural component of the risk assessment to produce a spatial distribution of fire risk as a thematic map. Fire weather conditions were accounted for using Fuel Moisture Content, which reflected dryness of dead fuels and water deficit of live biomass. To assess the results, historic fire data representing actual occurrence of fire incidents were compared with probable fire locations predicted by our GIS model. It was found that there was a good agreement between the ground reference data and the results of the created fire risk model. The findings will help fire authorities identify areas of high risk for wildfire and plan the allocation of resources accordingly. This is because the outputs of the designed fire risk model are not complex or challenging to use in Chios, Greece and other landscapes.
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Campbell, Anthony, and Yeqiao Wang. "Assessment of Salt Marsh Change on Assateague Island National Seashore Between 1962 and 2016." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 86, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.86.3.187.
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Salt marshes provide extensive ecosystem services, including high biodiversity, denitrification, and wave attenuation. In the mid-Atlantic, sea level rise is predicted to affect salt marsh ecosystems severely. This study mapped the entirety of Assateague Island with Very High Resolution satellite imagery and object-based methods to determine an accurate salt marsh baseline for change analysis. Topobathy-metric light detection and ranging was used to map the salt marsh and model expected tidal effects. The satellite imagery, collected in 2016 and classified at two hierarchical thematic schemes, were compared to determine appropriate thematic richness. Change analysis between this 2016 map and both a manually delineated 1962 salt marsh extent and image classification of the island from 1994 determined rates off change. The study found that from 1962 to 1994, salt marsh expanded by 4.01 ha/year, and from 1994 to 2016 salt marsh was lost at a rate of -3.4 ha/ year. The study found that salt marsh composition, (percent vegetated salt marsh) was significantly influenced by elevation, the length of mosquito ditches, and starting salt marsh composition. The study illustrates the importance of remote sensing monitoring for understanding site-specific changes to salt marsh environments and the barrier island system.
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SANTOS, A. J., I. KISLAYA, A. MACHADO, and B. NUNES. "Beliefs and attitudes towards the influenza vaccine in high-risk individuals." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 9 (April 24, 2017): 1786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817000814.
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SUMMARYSocietal and economic impact of influenza is mainly due to influenza infection of specific groups, who are at higher risk of health complications leading up to hospitalisation or death. In this study we applied the health belief model (HBM) to evaluate beliefs and attitudes towards influenza disease and vaccine in community-dwelling high-risk individuals (aged 65 or more or having a chronic disease). We conducted a mixed-method study using data collected through a telephone survey of a household unit sample. We used thematic analysis to map responses to HBM dimensions and Poisson regression to model vaccine non-uptake prevalence. The main self-reported reason not to take the vaccine referred to the susceptibility dimension: ‘considering oneself to be a healthy person’ (29·8%, (95% confidence interval (CI) 22·1–38·7)). Bad experiences after vaccination – barriers dimension – were also commonly reported (17·0%, (95% CI 10·8–23·8)). Vaccine non-uptake prevalence was 22% higher in those who did not consider themselves susceptible to contract flu (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1·22, (95% CI 1·0–1·5)) and 18% lower in those who did not consider that the vaccine causes flu symptoms (PR = 0·82, (95% CI 0·68–0·99)). Results suggest that high-risk individuals do not think of themselves susceptible to influenza infection and fear adverse events following immunisation.
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Pádua, Gilda Pizzolante de, José de Barros França-Neto, Rubiana Falopa Rossi, and Humberto Gois Cândido. "Agroclimatic zoning of the state of Minas Gerais for the production of high quality soybean seeds." Journal of Seed Science 36, no. 4 (December 2014): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v36n41023.
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In Brasil, Minas Gerais is the sixth state in soybean production. Adverse climatic conditions such as short mini-droughts ("veranicos"), irregular rainfall distribution and especially high temperatures can compromise the proper development of the crop in that state, especially in relation to the production of high quality seeds. The aim of this study was to collect and analyze data in order to establish an agro-climatic zoning of the state of Minas Gerais for the production of high quality soybean seeds. These values were georeferenced in terms of the latitude and longitude coordinates and, with the use of a geographic information system, a thematic map was created, in which the best growing regions in Minas Gerais are represented. The definition of higher or lower climate risk areas was associated with the occurrence of average temperatures during the seed maturation phase, the most sensitive stage of growth. On the basis of the data obtained on temperature and altitude of different locations, and considering the normal growth period, it was possible to outline a map with three distinct areas: Favorable - average temperature < 23,5 ºC; moderately favorable - average temperature between 23,6 ºC and 24,9 ºC; Unfavorable - average temperature > 25,0 ºC.
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Neres, Dielle Carmo de Carvalho, Ricardo Santos Silva Amorim, Maria Cristina de Figueiredo e. Albuquerque, Gilda Pizzolante de Pádua, and José de Barros França-Neto. "Agroclimatic zoning of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso for the production of soybean seeds of early cultivars." Journal of Seed Science 41, no. 2 (April 2019): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v41n2214510.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to carry out the agroclimatic zoning of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, in order to identify the regions with the best climatic conditions for producing seeds with high quality of early soybean cultivars. For this purpose, the average monthly temperature data from 11 conventional and 34 automated meteorological stations were used. Due to the low number of stations with data temperature available, this variable was estimated using spatial regression equations, having latitude, longitude and altitude as input variables. Regions with high or low climatic risk were defined according to the average temperatures observed in January and February. The following three categories were established: favorable (≤ 24 °C); moderately favorable (24.1 to 25 °C) and slightly favorable (≥ 25.1 °C). For the material confection, map usage, and geographical data compilation, the inverse distance squared weighted interpolation method was applied. The ArcGIS system was employed to compose the thematic map, in which the best areas for producing seeds of early soybean cultivar were marked. Most of the Southeastern, and Western regions of Mato Grosso were considered to be favorable for producing high quality seeds of early soybean cultivars (average temperature ≤ 24 °C).
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Szantoi, Zoltan, Andreas Brink, and Andrea Lupi. "An update and beyond: key landscapes for conservation land cover and change monitoring, thematic and validation datasets for the African, Caribbean and Pacific regions." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 3767–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3767-2021.
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Abstract. Natural resources are increasingly threatened in the world. Threats to biodiversity and human well-being pose enormous challenges in many vulnerable areas. Effective monitoring and protection of sites with strategic conservation importance require timely monitoring, with a particular focus on certain land cover classes that are especially vulnerable. Larger ecological zones and wildlife corridors also warrant monitoring, as these areas are subject to an even higher degree of pressure and habitat loss as they are not “protected” compared to protected areas (national parks, nature reserves, etc.). To address such a need, a satellite-imagery-based monitoring workflow was developed to cover at-risk areas. The first phase of the programme covered a total area of 560 442 km2 in sub-Saharan Africa. In this update, we remapped some of the areas using the latest satellite images available, and in addition we included some new areas to be mapped. Thus, in this version we have updated and mapped an additional 852 025 km2 in the Caribbean, African and Pacific regions, involving up to 32 land cover classes. Medium- to high-spatial-resolution satellite imagery was used to generate dense time series data, from which the thematic land cover maps were derived. Each map and change map was fully verified and validated by an independent team to meet our strict data quality requirements. The independent validation datasets for each key landscape for conservation (KLC) are also described and presented here (all datasets presented are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.931968; Szantoi et al., 2021a).
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Ciria-Suarez, Laura, Paula Jiménez-Fonseca, María Palacín-Lois, Mónica Antoñanzas-Basa, Ana Fernández-Montes, Aranzazu Manzano-Fernández, Beatriz Castelo, Elena Asensio-Martínez, Susana Hernando-Polo, and Caterina Calderon. "Breast cancer patient experiences through a journey map: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 22, 2021): e0257680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257680.
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Background Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases in women. Prevention and treatments have lowered mortality; nevertheless, the impact of the diagnosis and treatment continue to impact all aspects of patients’ lives (physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and spiritual). Objective This study seeks to explore the experiences of the different stages women with breast cancer go through by means of a patient journey. Methods This is a qualitative study in which 21 women with breast cancer or survivors were interviewed. Participants were recruited at 9 large hospitals in Spain and intentional sampling methods were applied. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview that was elaborated with the help of medical oncologists, nurses, and psycho-oncologists. Data were processed by adopting a thematic analysis approach. Results The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer entails a radical change in patients’ day-to-day that linger in the mid-term. Seven stages have been defined that correspond to the different medical processes: diagnosis/unmasking stage, surgery/cleaning out, chemotherapy/loss of identity, radiotherapy/transition to normality, follow-up care/the “new” day-to-day, relapse/starting over, and metastatic/time-limited chronic breast cancer. The most relevant aspects of each are highlighted, as are the various cross-sectional aspects that manifest throughout the entire patient journey. Conclusions Comprehending patients’ experiences in depth facilitates the detection of situations of risk and helps to identify key moments when more precise information should be offered. Similarly, preparing the women for the process they must confront and for the sequelae of medical treatments would contribute to decreasing their uncertainty and concern, and to improving their quality-of-life.
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Young, Andrea, Devidas Menon, Jackie Street, Walla Al-Hertani, and Tania Stafinski. "OP18 A Patient And Caregiver-Designed Framework For Managed Access Programs." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231800082x.
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Introduction:Reimbursement decisions on orphan drugs carry significant uncertainty, and as the amount increases, so does the risk of making a wrong decision, where harms outweigh benefits. Consequently, patients often face limited access to orphan drugs. Managed access programs (MAPs) are a mechanism for managing risk while enabling access to potentially beneficial drugs. Patients and their caregivers have expressed support for these programs and see patient input as critical to successful implementation. However, they have yet to be systematically involved in their design. The objective of this study was to explore what a framework for MAPs might look like when designed by patients and caregivers.Methods:Building upon established relationships with the Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders, the project team collaborated with patients and caregivers using the principles of participatory action research. Data were collected at two workshops and analyzed using a thematic network approach.Results:Patients and caregivers identified six aspects of an ideal MAP relating to accountability (program goals), governance (program-specific committee oversight; patient input; international collaboration), and evidence collection (outcome measures and stopping criteria; ongoing monitoring and registries). Additionally, patients and caregivers recognized that health care resources are finite and considered disease or drug eligibility criteria for deciding when to use a MAP (e.g. drugs treating diseases for which there are no other legitimate alternatives).Conclusions:A patient and caregiver-designed framework was created, which emphasized patient involvement and transparency. Further research is needed to examine the feasibility of this framework and roles for other stakeholders.
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INCE, O. B., and T. TÜRK. "Analyzing risk factors for lumpy skin disease by a geographic information system (GIS) in Turkey." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 70, no. 4 (January 27, 2020): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.22222.
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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is caused by the virus of the same name and has major economic impacts on cattle breeding. In Turkey, frequent cases of cattle LSD have been reported over the last years. The present study aimed to analyze potential risk factors for LSD and provide information for controlling the spread of infectious diseases by a geographic information system (GIS). The research included cross-sectional and retrospective studies with active disease follow-up and semi-structured interviews (SSI) from August 2013 to December 2014 in Turkey. Potential risk factors for LSD were evaluated based on environmental conditions and provincial demographic and epidemiological data. Of the total of 562 observed animals, 27.22% and 2.67% of cattle were sick and died due to LSD, respectively. The morbidity rate was 26.04% in mixed and 38.18% in local breeds. The animal-level prevalence significantly differed among animals of different age, sex, and with different vaccination status (P<0.05). It was more serious in younger animals and females and during drier weather conditions. A trend of seasonality was observed in LSD occurrence. Significant risk factors affecting the prevalence of LSD were proximity to the southern border of Turkey, animal movements, and animal markets. In this process, geographical query, analysis, and thematic map production were performed by GIS.
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Khanchoul, Kamel, Kaouther Selmi, and Kaddour Benmarce. "ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION BY RUSLE MODEL IN THE MELLEGUE WATERSHED, NORTHEAST OF ALGERIA." Environment & Ecosystem Science 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.01.2020.15.22.
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In Algeria, soil erosion has experienced a spectacular extension, it is therefore imperative to assess the effects of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to assess soil loss rate using a GIS/USLE approach at the Mellegue watershed, northeast of Algeria. Geographic Information System techniques have been adopted to process data obtained at the study watershed, of reasonable spatial mapping, for the application of the RUSLE model. The model is a multiplication of the five erosion factors, namely rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope and length of slope, plant cover and anti-erosion practices. Each of these factors has been expressed as a thematic map. The resulting soil loss map, with mean erosion rate of 20.40 T/ha/year, shows very low erosion (≤ 7 T/ha/year) which covers 64.60% of the total area of the basin, and very high erosion (> 60 T/ha/year) which does not exceed 4.80% of the basin area. The results indicate that Chabro and downstream Mellegue sub-watersheds face the greatest risk of soil erosion compared to Meskiana sub-basin, with contributions of 14.20 % and 12.90 % of their basin areas respectively. This is mainly due to natural factors and anthropogenic activities without appropriate conservation practices of agricultural land.
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Yaghi, Y., and H. Salim. "INTEGRATION OF RS/GIS FOR SURFACE WATER POLLUTION RISK MODELING. CASE STUDY: AL-ABRASH SYRIAN COASTAL BASIN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 13, 2017): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-949-2017.
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Recently the topic of the quality of surface water (rivers – lakes) and the sea is an important topics at different levels. It is known that there are two major groups of pollutants: Point Source Pollution (PSP) and non-point Source pollution (NPSP). Historically most of the surface water pollution protection programs dealing with the first set of pollutants which comes from sewage pipes and factories drainage. <br><br> With the growing need for current and future water security must stand on the current reality of the coastal rivers basin in terms of freshness and cleanliness and condition of water pollution. <br><br> This research aims to assign the NPS pollutants that reach Al Abrash River and preparation of databases and producing of risk Pollution map for NPS pollutants in order to put the basin management plan to ensure the reduction of pollutants that reach the river. This research resulted of establishing of Databases of NPSP (Like pesticides and fertilizers) and producing of thematic maps for pollution severity and pollution risk based on the pollution models designed in GIS environment and utilizing from remote sensing data. Preliminary recommendations for managing these pollutants were put.
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Mineo, Simone, and Giovanna Pappalardo. "Sustainable Fruition of Cultural Heritage in Areas Affected by Rockfalls." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010296.
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This paper deals with the evaluation of rockfall risk in cultural heritage, in the frame of a quick protocol for a preliminary zonation, to ensure the safe management and sustainable fruition of the sites. Several historical complexes in mountainous areas are indeed threatened by rock slope instability, and rockfalls can be counted among the main causes of fatality. In such a complex, a rockfall risk zonation would represent a useful management tool for both the choice of specific safe tourist paths, but also for the proper employment of economic resources allocated for mitigation measures. Nevertheless, the management of cultural heritage lacks such plans and tourists are often exposed to risks, while funds are often employed without a specific priority. In this paper, a quick procedure was tested at the historical complex of Taormina (southern Italy), which hosts numerous tourist spots often affected by rockfalls. The Saracen castle, for example, is currently closed to the public due to the rockfalls that repeatedly affected the entrance road, while Castelmola village, counted among one of the most beautiful Italian villages, stands on the top of a cliff affected by frequent rockfalls involving the only access road. The approach is composed of several steps and requires a heavy site characterization in terms of historical records and geostructural setting. The risk assessment procedure was chosen among the semiquantitative ones available in literature, and the final assessed risk was represented on a thematic map to provide a tool which could be used as a base for the planning of final remedial works.
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Escobar, Arturo Andres Hernandez, Diego Raul Vera Solorzano, and María Rodriguez Gamez. "Susceptibility to flooding in abdon calderon of canton portoviejo parish." International journal of life sciences 2, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v2n3.220.
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This research was developed in the field of risk management against floods with the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess the susceptibility to flooding in the central part of the Abdón Calderón parish of the Portoviejo canton where there are geographical and climatic characteristics that create favorable conditions for the occurrence of this phenomenon (slopes, edaphic composition with significant presence of clay and existence of patterns of intense rainfall in the winter season. Work was proposed to determine the susceptibility to flooding to which the research area is subject through the analysis of cartographic data and the thematic maps of slope and soil with a weighting methodology of the importance of the mentioned variables according to the qualitative evaluation. Iva carried out preliminarily through observation visits and taking of reference data in situ. The result was the obtaining of a susceptibility map where the high, medium and low susceptibility level can be observed in the downtown part of the Abdón Calderón parish.
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Benmessaoud, H., F. Chergui, R. Sahnouni, and C. Chafai. "The Potential Of Geomatics In The Realization Of A Map Of Desertification Sensitivity Southern Massif Belezma - Batna - (Algeria)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-751-2015.
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Desertification is the gradual and sustained reduction in the quantity and quality of the biological productivity of arid and semi-arid land. <br><br> The study area is located in the North Eastern part of Algeria, it has a rich heritage in its biodiversity, however weather conditions and adverse human reality, induce a degradation of the physical environment in the form of a regression of vegetation cover. To assess desertification in our study area map of desertification sensitivity is a tool for decision support. <br><br> For the realization of this Map we used the ArcGis software applied a methodology which is inspired by the concept MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use, 1999) by crossing four thematic layers that may have an impact on the process of desertification. <br><br> The results of Cartography and statistical analysis permit the classification of our region in terms of sensitivity to desertification in four very important classes. (Not affected, Insensitive, Sensitive and highly sensitive). <br><br> More than 69.92% of the surface area were classified sensitive to very sensitive, For against 30.07% is classified in unallocated insensitive. <br><br> Planning restoration work and the fight against desertification are expected to limit the risk of desertification in the study area perspectives.
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Obiegbu, Okechukwu Livinus. "Geohazard characterization using remote sensing to model flash floods of the southeast Sinai, Egypt." Interpretation 9, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): T821—T831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2020-0115.1.
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Flash floods have led to disruptions of human activities and the destruction of properties particularly in the Nuweiba region of southeast Sinai. Despite the arid nature of Sinai, flash floods still pose a great hazard to the region. Using remote sensing characterization, geohazard models were developed to identify flash flood areas; delineate and discriminate morphological features, active channels areas, and soil physiography with a view to categorize risk areas exposed to flash floods hazards in a hazard map; and proffer measures for mitigation. The characterization was achieved using a workflow model developed from spatial data sets of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) and the red-green-blue (RGB) composites from Landsat bands 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+). The data were used to investigate and assess flash flood areas for morphological attributes, watershed basin characterization, and generation of false color composite from the Landsat 7 ETM+ 7, 4, and 2 RGB bands, and the principal component analysis band from a composite of 742 RGB. Multivariate analysis of generated raster layer attributes provided enhancements and attribute discrimination for delineating areas of active flood channels, upslope zones, and soil physiography discrimination from their spectral reflectance. The results are presented in an integrated approach of remote sensing with geographic information systems (GIS) and indicate that the soil types and geologic units contribute greatly toward activation of these flash floods, which is triggered by intense rainstorms. Components of the generated map attributes of SRTM DEM, gradient of DEM, and Landsat 7 ETM+ composite of 742 bands in GIS were used to generate a hazard map using spatial analysis to depict the nature and scale of the issues identified. Due to the flash flood vulnerabilities, the study area was classified into stable/low-, moderate-, and high-risk areas. Mitigation measures to control flash floods were proposed to enable adequate preparations to mitigate impending flash flood disasters.
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Corry, Dagmar A. S., Julie Doherty, Gillian Carter, Frank Doyle, Tom Fahey, Peter O’Halloran, Kieran McGlade, Emma Wallace, and Kevin Brazil. "Acceptability of a nurse-led, person-centred, anticipatory care planning intervention for older people at risk of functional decline: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): e0251978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251978.
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Background As the population of older adults increases, the complexity of care required to support those who choose to remain in the community amplifies. Anticipatory Care Planning (ACP), through earlier identification of healthcare needs, is evidenced to improve quality of life, decrease aggressive interventions, and prolong life. With patient acceptability of growing importance in the design, implementation, and evaluation of healthcare interventions, this study reports on the acceptability of a primary care based ACP intervention on the island of Ireland. Methods As part of the evaluation of a feasibility cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) testing an ACP intervention for older people at risk of functional decline, intervention participants [n = 34] were interviewed in their homes at 10-week follow-up to determine acceptability. The intervention consisted of home visits by specifically trained registered nurses who assessed participants’ health, discussed their health goals and plans, and devised an anticipatory care plan in collaboration with participants’ GPs and adjunct clinical pharmacist. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze interview data. The feasibility cRCT involved eight general practitioner (GP) practices as cluster sites, stratified by jurisdiction, four in Northern Ireland (NI) (two intervention, two control), and four in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) (two intervention, two control). Participants were assessed for risk of functional decline. A total of 34 patients received the intervention and 31 received usual care. Findings Thematic analysis resulted in five main themes: timing of intervention, understanding of ACP, personality & individual differences, loneliness & social isolation, and views on healthcare provision. These map across the Four Factor Model of Acceptability (‘4FMA’), a newly developed conceptual framework comprising four components: intervention factors, personal factors, social support factors, and healthcare provision factors. Conclusion Acceptability of this primary care based ACP intervention was high, with nurses’ home visits, GP anchorage, multidisciplinary working, personalized approach, and active listening regarded as beneficial. Appropriate timing, and patient health education emerged as vital.
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Handini, Devi Ratna, Entin Hidayah, and Gusfan Halik. "Flash Flood Susceptibility Mapping at Andungbiru Watershed, East Java Using AHP-Information Weighted Method." Geosfera Indonesia 6, no. 2 (August 17, 2021): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v6i2.24173.
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Flash floods are among the most frequent natural disasters caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, which leads to social and economic losses in infrastructure and agriculture. Therefore, this research aims to map flash flood potential susceptibility (FFPS) in the Pekalen watershed, using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and statistical analysis to reduce the risk of flooding. The opinion and experience of an expert on the weight assessment method were carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Furthermore, the probability statistical methods and GIS were used in flash flood areas in the Pekalen watershed in Andungbiru, Probolinggo village. This study was carried out using geomorphological factors, namely elevation, slope, stream power index, and topographic wetness index, with a resolution of 30 m. Thematic map scale of the land use, river density, distance to the river, rainfall, and geology is in the ratio of is in a ratio of 1:25.000. Imagery processing was carried out using Landsat 8 30 m x 30 m resolution imagery, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. The result showed that the model map of FFPS obtained low 8%, low 23%, moderate 27%, moderate to high 26%, high 13%, and very high 2% index values. The next stage of modeling analysis led to validation using statistic receiver operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) of area Under Curve (AUC) with a value of 90.15. In conclusion, the factors that significantly trigger flash floods are distance to the river, land use, and slope.
Keywords: AHP-weighted; information content; FFSP; GIS; Geomorphology
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Skrzypczak, Izabela, Wanda Kokoszka, Dawid Zientek, Yongjing Tang, and Janusz Kogut. "Landslide Hazard Assessment Map as an Element Supporting Spatial Planning: The Flysch Carpathians Region Study." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020317.
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Landslides and rock falls are among the many phenomena that have an impact on sustainable construction and infrastructure safety. The main causes of landslides are natural meteorological and hydrological phenomena. In building design and construction, environmental monitoring by identifying geotechnical hazards must be taken into account, as appropriate hazard assessment contributes to ensuring future construction safety. The Carpathian region in southern Poland is particularly predisposed to landslide formation. This may be favored by the nature of the shapes associated with the high and steep slopes of the region’s valleys. Another reason for concern is the flysch geological structure, which is characterized by alternating layers of water-permeable sandstones and poorly permeable shales, clays, and marls. Furthermore, the presence of a quaternary weathering cover makes the geological structure more susceptible to landslide processes and tectonic formations. The paper presents the results of a study whose aim was to elaborate a detailed landslide hazard map for a selected area in the Polish Carpathians, using statistical methods. The approach is based on the Hellwig method, which seems particularly useful in the assessment of susceptibility and landslide hazards on a local scale for a relatively small area. A two-stage study was conducted. The first stage of the research involved the creation of a database associated with environmental parameters and triggering factors, whereas the second stage consisted of the adoption of weights for seven thematic sections and their special features on the basis of expert knowledge. The hazard map developed as a result was compared to the mapping made using the weight-of-evidence method. The proposed data normalization method allows the use and analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data collected from various sources. The advantage of this method is the simple calculation procedure. A large-scale (1:2000) map might be used to assess the landslide hazard for specific cadastral units. Such a map becomes the basis for municipal spatial planning and may be able to influence investment decisions. Detailed landslide hazard maps are crucial for more precise risk evaluation for specific cadastral units. This, in turn, allows one to reduce serious economic and social losses, which might be the future results of landslides.
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Hussain, Muhammad, Muhammad Tayyab, Jiquan Zhang, Ashfaq Ahmad Shah, Kashif Ullah, Ummer Mehmood, and Bazel Al-Shaibah. "GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Approach for Flood Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping in District Shangla: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063126.
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Floods are considered one of the world’s most overwhelming hydro meteorological disasters, which cause tremendous environmental and socioeconomic damages in a developing country such as Pakistan. In this study, we use a Geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria approach to access detailed flood vulnerability in the District Shangla by incorporating the physical, socioeconomic vulnerabilities, and coping capacity. In the first step, 21 essential criteria were chosen under three vulnerability components. To support the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), the used criteria were transformed, weighted, and standardized into spatial thematic layers. Then a weighted overlay technique was used to build an individual map of vulnerability components. Finally, the integrated vulnerability map has been generated from the individual maps and spatial dimensions of vulnerability levels have been identified successfully. The results demonstrated that 25% of the western-middle area to the northern part of the study area comprises high to very high vulnerability because of the proximity to waterways, high precipitation, elevation, and other socioeconomic factors. Although, by integrating the coping capacity, the western-central and northern parts of the study area comprising from high to very high vulnerability. The coping capacities of the central and eastern areas are higher as compared to the northern and southern parts of the study area because of the numerous flood shelters and health complexes. A qualitative approach from the field validated the results of this study. This study’s outcomes would help disaster managers, decision makers, and local administration to quantify the spatial vulnerability of flood and establish successful mitigation plans and strategies for flood risk assessment in the study area.