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Monck, John-Paul Henry. "Governance and risk management." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18979.
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This thesis examines relationships between governance and risk management functions in Australian Banks, which are required to employ approaches consistent with global counterparts. Delineating four focuses of risk management: Resilience; Intuition; Structures; and Culture (RISC), the paper outlines areas where governance performance perceptively correlates with better risk management. Empirical evidence largely supports the relationships anticipated by the RISC elements. To no small extent, cultural aspects and shortcomings are highlighted by both directors and senior risk managers alike. There remains a disconnect as to what exactly should be done to achieve an appropriate target culture for the bank. In a similar vein, there is disparity between views of Directors and risk managers as to the perceived influence a Board can have on certain aspects of risk management. Such gaps are explored via practice theory analysis using a mixed-methods approach. These results contribute to the body of research in management, as well as accounting, by highlighting aspects of risk management that appear to be positively influenced by corporate governance practices, particularly given the ambiguity of regulatory expectations in this regard. This study also highlights those areas that are of higher impact for smaller Banks, relative to the likely costs incurred, that can enhance the risk management function as appropriate to their scale and complexity. This in part addresses issues of ‘scale and complexity’ between institutions. The results are valuable to prudential regulators, bankers, and relevant stakeholders concerned with sector stability and performance. To that end, the results of the study also contribute to how desires of corporate regulators, stock exchanges, and investors, can be better addressed in attaining some level of ‘better practice’. In part, this can be achieved by enhancing risk management and government practices that yield better mutual understanding and recognition of risks across these practice areas, which ought to enhance sustainable performance into the foreseeable future. To the extent better practices can be encouraged proactively, future symptoms of malpractice such as misconduct, corruption, and financial statement fraud can perhaps be avoided in the future.
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Manzato, Eleonora <1990>. "Corporate Governance e Risk Management nelle banche - L'adozione di buone pratiche di risk governance." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8563.
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La crisi finanziaria internazionale ha messo a dura prova l’adeguatezza dei sistemi di risk management delle principali banche internazionali evidenziando, talvolta senza possibilità di appello, le carenze in termini di strumentario e capacità di governo del rischio da parte delle unità di business preposte.
La presente opera nasce con l’intento di individuare le caratteristiche fondamentali del processo di assunzione e gestione dei rischi da parte delle banche, concentrando l’attenzione sul ruolo della funzione di risk management e del Chief Risk Officer nell’ambito della corporate governance, alla luce degli interventi normativi più recenti.
A questo scopo è stata condotta un’analisi empirica, con riferimento ad un campione di banche italiane, nel periodo 2005-2014, al fine di valutare eventuali relazione tra le variabili di risk management considerate e le performance delle banche, tenuto conto del rischio intriseco dell’attività esercitata.
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Vateva, Tzveta. ""Corporate Governance and Default Risk"." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1412703653.
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Davydov, Yevgeniy. "Corporate Governance and Risk Taking." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/334107.
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Business Administration/Risk Management and InsurancePh.D.
This dissertation examines the effect of various corporate governance mechanisms on firm risk taking. The first essay examines the effect on firm risk through the CEO ability channel, while the second essay examines the effect on firm risk through the institutional investor channel. This first essay investigates CEO risk management ability. Using CEO education as a proxy for ability I examine the relationship between CEO education and various types of risk: (1) market risk, (2) credit risk, and (3) operational risk. Propensity score methods are used as a way to deal with the endogenous matching problem which exists in the executive compensation literature. These methods are proposed as an alternative to the managerial fixed effects approaches such as ``spell fixed effects'' and the mover dummy variable method (MDV). While the managerial fixed effects methods would fail when the explanatory variables of interest are time-invariant, it is possible to capture this variation in managerial effects by using propensity score methods. I find that the effect on the various types of risks varies by the type of risk and by the type and quality of education. Firms with CEOs that have law degrees and actuarial credentials are associated with fewer operational risk events. While firms with CEOs that have MBA degrees are able to manage market risk better than their peers. Overall, the quality of CEO education matters, and in many cases it is associated with a simultaneous reduction in firm risk and increase in firm value. This second essay investigates the impact of institutional shareholder ownership on firm risk taking. I find a negative relationship between the aggregate institutional ownership percentage and firm risk taking. I also find that institutional ownership concentration induces risk taking. In addition, the effect on firm risk is stronger when institutional shareholders have majority control. The results provide support for both the prudent-man law and the large institutional shareholder hypotheses. Furthermore, the results are robust to quasi-experimental approaches including propensity score matching and doubly robust estimation. These findings provide additional evidence on the benefits and incentives of institutional shareholder monitoring.
Temple University--Theses
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Li, Hao Yost Keven E. "Corporate risk and corporate governance." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1686.
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Choi, Junho. "Flood Risk Governance Process for Participatory Disaster Risk Reducation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188868.
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Gontarek, Walter. "Risk governance : examining its impact upon bank performance and risk." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2017. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/13052.
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This study examines the emergence of risk governance arrangements in US bank holding companies (BHCs) and tests for their impact upon performance and risk profiles. Following the financial crisis, regulators introduced several new risk governance processes, including the adoption of Risk Appetite arrangements and the establishment of Risk Committees, both board level features. In this study, a research gap is unearthed with respect to risk governance practices and their impact upon BHC performance and risk measures. The motivation of this research is to validate the adoption of these board-level practices in an evidence-based framework. The empirical research method relies on the collection of a unique data set. The sample covers a significant dollar-weighted portion of the US banking system. Multivariate analysis facilitates the testing of risk governance mechanisms to outcome variables, while controlling for firm-specific and standard corporate governance variables. The practical implication of this study with respect to Risk Appetite is clear. BHCs that practice Risk Appetite arrangements exhibit improved performance and lower realised loan losses. In contrast, while some limited evidence is presented that the marketplace may reward BHCs for certain composition aspects of the Risk Committee, the overall results suggest that the requirement for a Risk Committee has little impact to BHC’s operating performance and risk measures. In terms of academic contribution, this study examines two major risk governance mechanisms within a common framework, presenting evidence of a significant and positive impact of the board level articulation of Risk Appetite arrangements to a suite of BHC performance measures and a negative association to loan losses. As the first known empirical research study of Risk Appetite, it confirms that this board level mechanism should be included as an explanatory variable in bank or risk governance related empirical research studies. These findings provide industry practitioners (including BHC chief executive officers and board members) convincing arguments for the immediate adoption of Risk Appetite arrangements. US Regulators, who introduced Risk Appetite requirements in 2014 for larger BHCs, are presented with validation by this study for wider adoption of this risk governance mechanism, even if such practices are voluntarily adopted by BHCs. As signs begin to emerge in the United States of the possible relaxation of the regulatory requirements of certain aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act, this study contributes to this debate in a timely fashion by testing the veracity of two key supervisory-driven risk governance practices aimed at the boardroom in an evidence-based evaluation.
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Duba, Peter. "Risk Management Integration and Corporate Governance." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3625.
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Diplomová práce zkoumá nejdřív funkci a posléze proces řízení rizik v rámci banky z hlediska zejména neoinstitucionální a behaviorální finanční teorie. Nejdřív je analyzována náplň funkce řízení rizik v kontextu maximalizace hodnoty banky. Je dokázáno, že specifický kontext bankovnictví vyžaduje zohledňování celkového rizika aktivit místo pouhé korelace se systematickým rizikem. Rovněž je třeba zohledňovat preference všech stakeholdrů banky a nejenom jejích vlastníků. Z tohoto důvodu se práce dále zaměřuje na trend směřující k integrovanému řízení rizik, který odpovídá na tyto potřeby. Analyzovány jsou zejména koncepty ekonomického kapitálu a podnikového řízení rizik (ERM). V další části práce je zkoumáno smysluplné začlenění procesu řízení rizik v rámci organizační struktury banky v kontextu konfliktních cílů maximalizace zisku a minimalizace rizika. Nesprávné propojení s ostatními bankovními procesy představuje jeden z hlavním problémů efektivního fungování řízení rizik obecně, jako i překážku při implementaci konceptu integrovaného řízení rizik v bankovní praxi. Je ukázáno, že funkce řízení musí mít na jedné straně dosah na strategické řízení banky, na druhé straně musí být transcendentní přes celou strukturu banky. Tyto shledání jsou konfrontovány s bankovní praxí v rámci případové studie.
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Aspland, Michael J. "Interoperable communications systems governance and risk." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FAspland.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Bergin, Richard. Second Reader: Munks, Jeffrey. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Interoperable communications; multi-discipline, multi-jurisdictional radio communications; risk and governance; shared governance; policy and consensus teams, Monterey Police Department. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73). Also available in print.
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Borne, Gregory John. "Sustainable development : the reflexive governance of risk." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/406.
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In the face of increase global environmental phenomena such as global warming, social, political and knowledge structures are being reformulated in order to better accommodate these events into governance frameworks. For Ulrich Beck, increased risk has created a World Risk Society which is defined by a state of 'reflexive' modernity (RM) where the central tenets of modernity are re-examined and current developmental patterns are drawn into question. In political and social discourse increased risk has created the need to achieve a sustainable development (SD). In light of criticisms that Beck makes broad and unsubstantiated theoretical assertions, this thesis examines the proposition that the discursive rise of the concept of SD in political and social governance structures is evidence of a reflexive modernity. The above proposition is examined at both the global and the local scales accessing the dimensions of politics, and sub politics outlined by Beck. At the global scale, discursive representations of sustainable development were examined within the United Nations during the 57th United Nations General Assembly. At the local sub political level a partnership governance structure is examined which was designed to enhance sustainable lifestyles. Findings suggest that whilst a significant relationship does exist between SD and RM, this relationship alters considerably from the global to the local scales of analysis. Further, the process of exploring this relationship provides important insights into the way that SD is being articulated in broad governance structures.
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Ali, Searat. "Corporate Governance and Firm Risk in Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368178.
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This thesis, structured around three interrelated empirical essays, investigates the relationship of corporate governance with firm risks—default, stock liquidity, downside and upside—for a large sample of Australian listed firms (more than 1,000) over the period from 2001 to 2013. Seven reasons were found that make it imperative to empirically investigate such relationships: (i) a series of corporate collapses in early 2000s (such as HIH and OneTel) due to improper governance structures, (ii) a massive economic and social default cost to the stakeholders, (iii) a proliferated attention of regulators (Australian Securities Exchange [ASX] and related bodies) towards the development of a sound corporate governance environment, (iv) an increased concern of firms to comply with the ASX corporate governance recommendations, (v) an emphasis of the ASX on ‘risk’ while defining good corporate governance, (vi) a small amount of literature relating corporate governance to these risk factors in Australia, and (vii) a different corporate governance environment in Australia (i.e., ‘comply or explain’).
The first empirical essay examines: Does corporate governance affect default risk? And does the relationship between corporate governance and default risk depend on growth opportunities and stock liquidity? This study extends the prior literature on the governance–default linkage as this is the first to show that composite corporate governance score is significantly relevant to the reduction of default risk in the Australian context.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Bai, Gang. "BANK HOLDING COMPANY GOVERNANCE, OPACITY AND RISK." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214769.
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Business Administration/FinancePh.D.
As financial intermediaries, banks are "special" because they play an important role in transferring funds from surplus spending units to deficit spending units and serve as a channel of monetary policy. Therefore, the safety and soundness of banks is essential to the financial stability and economic development. This study investigates how bank governance mechanisms, namely, executive compensation and board of directors, affect bank safety. Given the unique nature that bank assets are opaque, bank governance is expected to be different from corporate governance of industrial firms. This study also investigates how the opaqueness nature of bank assets affects the compensation design of bank executives. Chapter 1 investigates the association between asset opacity and CEO pay-performance sensitivity of bank holding companies (BHCs). Contrary to the monitoring cost hypothesis according to which when information asymmetry is high firms rely more heavily on equity-based compensation, I find that when the share of opaque assets in total assets increases, pay-performance sensitivity in BHCs declines. This finding supports the view that when the share of opaque assets increases, managers can pursue risky projects to a greater extent in the interests of shareholders but at the expenses of bondholders, and, hence, the optimal compensation structure in BHCs with larger share of opaque assets has a lower pay-performance sensitivity to restrain managerial risk-taking incentives, reducing the conflicts of interests between shareholders and bondholders. The negative effect of asset opacity on pay-performance sensitivity is robust after accounting for the endogeneity of asset opacity and using various compensation measures. In addition, I find that higher pay-performance sensitivity generally leads to a greater share of opaque assets in total assets. The results of this study suggest that asset opacity is an important determinant of compensation structure in the banking industry. BHCs should use caution when using stocks and options to promote prudent risk taking under bank asset opacity conditions because opaque bank assets make risk-shifting behaviors induced by equity-based compensation difficult to monitor, threatening the bank stability. Regulators should also account for this opacity effect. Chapter 2 investigates the relationship between insolvency risk and executive compensation for BHCs over the 1992-2008 period. I employ CEO compensation sensitivity to risk (vega) and pay-share inequality between the CEO and other executives as measures of compensation and employ a simultaneous equation model to account for the endogeneity problem between vega and risk. Five main results are obtained. First, CEO compensations in BHCs have risen in response to deregulation to resemble those of the industrial firms. Second, higher vegas lead to greater bank instability. Third, the association between bank stability and managerial compensation is bi-directional; higher vegas induce greater risk and vice versa. Fourth, BHCs in the next to the largest-size group increase CEO vegas the most and have the strongest potential to create instability in the financial industry, such as the one witnessed in 2007-2009. Fifth, increased pay-share inequality has effects opposite to those of the increase in vega; greater pay-share inequality is associated with greater bank stability. Implications of executive compensation effects on instability for depositors, deposit insurers and regulators are drawn. Chapter 3 investigates the association between the structure of board of directors and risk taking of bank holding companies. I use the number of directors on the risk committee and the frequency of its meetings to measure the strength of risk management exercised by bank boards. Several interesting findings are obtained. First, banks with stronger risk committees, namely risk committees with a greater number of directors and more frequent meetings, are associated with more diversified loan portfolios, greater amounts of safer loans, less mortgage-backed securities, and lower market risk. These results continue to hold even after controlling for the possible endogeneity problem using the dynamic panel GMM estimator. Overall, these results suggest that stronger risk management by bank boards has a positive and significant impact on banks' safety and soundness. Second, the percentage of banks having a risk committee has been increasing steadily since 1999, suggesting bank boards have gradually taken a greater role in risk management and their fiduciary duties have expanded beyond shareholders to include depositors. However, less than half of bank boards have a risk committee before 2007, suggesting weak risk management at the top level and the possibility that bank boards may have failed to control the excessive risk-taking in the banking industry leading to the recent financial crisis. Finally, the percentage of banks with a risk committee is still less than 60% after the crisis, suggesting that depositors and bank supervisors could enhance the stability of banks by further improving the effectiveness of internal risk control at bank boards.
Temple University--Theses
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Lauder, Michael Alan. "Conceptualisation in Preparation for Risk Discourse: A Qualitative Step toward Risk Governance." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6793.
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The purpose of this research was, in order to forestall future failures of foresight, to provoke those responsible for risk governance into new ways of thinking through a greater exposure to and understanding of the body of existing academic knowledge.
The research, which focused on the scholarship of application, synthesised the existing knowledge into a ―coherent whole‖ in order to assess its practical utility and to examine what is to be learnt about existing knowledge by trying to use it in practice.
The findings are in two parts. The first focuses on how one ―thinks about thinking‖ about an issue. Early work identified three issues that were seen as being central to the understanding of risk governance. The first is the concept of risk itself, the second is to question whether there is a single paradigm used and the third is what is meant by the term ―risk indicator‖. A ―coherent whole‖, structured around seven-dimensions, was created from the range of definitions used within existing literature. No single paradigm was found to be used when discussing risk issues. Three paradigms were identified and labelled ―Line‖, ―Circle‖ and ―Dot‖. It was concluded that Risk Indicators were used to performance manage risk mitigation barriers rather than as a mechanism by which organisations may identify emerging risks.
The second focus was the synthesis of academic work relevant to risk governance. It produced a list of statements which encapsulated the concerns of previous writers on this subject. The research then operationalised the issues as questions, which were seen to have practical utility. The elements of the ―coherent whole‖ suggest a way to provide access into the original research. The research suggests that it is unlikely that practitioners would wish to access the original research in its academic format. Further work therefore needs to be done to present the original work in a format that is more digestible to the practitioner community if it is to be used effectively.
The results of this research are considered to be preliminary. No claim is being made that these questions are definitive. The research is however addressing an area which is of concern to those in practice and has not been previously examined.
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Akwaa, Sekyi Ellis Kofi. "Essays on bank internal governance and credit risk." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666178.
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Aquesta tesis pretén explorar els determinants del incompliment de préstecs bancaris i la relació entre els controls interns, les característiques del consell d’administració i del risc de crèdit en la banca europea. Dades primàries i dades de panell de Ghana i Europea respectivament varen ser utilitzades en un anàlisi quantitatiu mitjançant models OLS, GLS, 2-SLS i GMM per abordar la endogeneïtat. La propietat, les característiques dels préstecs, prestataris i prestadors, així com factores macroeconòmics i factors específics dels bancs són determinants significatius del incompliment del préstec en economies emergents. El estudi informa també sobre la percepció del problema d’agència que podria soscavar els mecanismes de control intern exposant als bancs a Espanya al risc de crèdit. Els elements compliment normatiu, objectius d’acompliment dels controls interns, factors bancaris i específics del país afecten significativament els controls interns dels bancs. Els mecanismes de control intern existeixen en el sector bancari europeu però la seva efectivitat no pot ser garantida. En la banca europea els incentius de gestió complement la supervisió del consell d’administració reduint els préstecs problemàtics. Les característiques intrínseques i extrínseques del consell d’administració afecten significativament als préstecs problemàtics. El estudi te implicacions teòriques i pràctiques pels reguladors, els inversores i la societat.Esta tesis pretender explorar los determinantes del incumplimiento de préstamos bancarios y la relación entre los controles internos, las características del consejo de administración y el riego de crédito en la banca europea. Datos primarios y datos de panel de Ghana y Europa respectivamente fueron utilizados en un análisis cuantitativo mediante modelos OLS, GLS, 2-SLS y GMM para abordar la endogeneidad. La propiedad, las características de los préstamos, prestatarios y prestamistas, así como factores macroeconómicos y factores específicos de los bancos son determinantes significativos del incumplimiento del préstamo en economías emergentes. El estudio informa también sobre la percepción del problema de agencia que podría socavar los mecanismos de control interno exponiendo a los bancos en España al riesgo de crédito. Los elementos cumplimiento normativo, objetivos de desempeño de los controles internos, factores bancarios y específicos del país afectan significativamente los controles internos de los bancos. Los mecanismos de control interno existen en el sector bancario europeo pero su efectividad no puede ser garantizada. En la banca europea, los incentivos de gestión complementan la supervisión del consejo de administración reduciendo los préstamos problemáticos. Las características intrínsecas y extrínsecas del consejo de administración afectan significativamente a los préstamos problemáticos. El estudio tiene implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para los reguladores, los inversores y la sociedad.
This thesis purports to explore the determinants of loan default and the relationship between internal controls, board characteristics and credit risk in European banking. Primary and panel data from Ghana and Europe respectively were used in quantitative analyses employing OLS, GLS, 2-SLS and GMM models to address endogeneity. Ownership, loan, borrower and lender characteristics, macro-economic and bank-specific factors are significant determinants of business loan default in emerging economies. The study reports perceived agency problem which could undermine internal control mechanisms thereby exposing banks in Spain to credit risk. The elements, compliance and performance objectives of internal controls, bank and country-specific factors significantly affect bank internal controls. Internal control mechanisms exist in European banking but their effectiveness cannot be guaranteed. In European banking, managerial incentives compliment board monitoring in reducing NPLs. Intrinsic and extrinsic board characteristics significantly affect NPLs. The study has theoretical and practical implications for regulators, investors and society.
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Posthumus, Shaun Murray. "Corporate information risk : an information security governance framework." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/814.
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Information Security is currently viewed from a technical point of view only. Some authors believe that Information Security is a process that involves more than merely Risk Management at the department level, as it is also a strategic and potentially legal issue. Hence, there is a need to elevate the importance of Information Security to a governance level through Information Security Governance and propose a framework to help guide the Board of Directors in their Information Security Governance efforts. IT is a major facilitator of organizational business processes and these processes manipulate and transmit sensitive customer and financial information. IT, which involves major risks, may threaten the security if corporate information assets. Therefore, IT requires attention at board level to ensure that technology-related information risks are within an organization’s accepted risk appetite. However, IT issues are a neglected topic at board level and this could bring about enronesque disasters. Therefore, there is a need for the Board of Directors to direct and control IT-related risks effectively to reduce the potential for Information Security breaches and bring about a stronger system of internal control. The IT Oversight Committee is a proven means of achieving this, and this study further motivates the necessity for such a committee to solidify an organization’s Information Security posture among other IT-related issues.
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Froneberg, Dennis [Verfasser]. "Bank Governance Structures and Risk Taking / Dennis Froneberg." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080461337/34.
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Safa, Mohammad Faisal As. "Essays on Commercial Bank Risk, Regulation and Governance." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1703.
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I analyze the effect of various risks faced by commercial banks on the executive compensation in banking industry. Commercial bank executives are risk averse due to the regulatory pressure in addition to board governance mechanism. Commercial banks face various risks because of the regulatory mechanism and unique asset structure of the firm. So, it is expected that they should associate their own pay and pay-performance sensitivities (PPS) with the risks their banks face.
I find that bank executives associate their performance based pay with both idiosyncratic risk and systematic risk. But they associate their fixed pay only with systematic risk. The risk based PPS is also affected by the idiosyncratic risk but not by the systematic risk. Both asset return risk and insolvency risk have significant positive effect on PPS.
Bank executives put significantly higher emphasis on the fixed compensation in terms of salary and bonus, and significantly lower emphasis on the performance based compensation. They also put minimum emphasis on the risk based PPS although they put significant emphasis on return based PPS. These indicate the risk-averse nature of the bank executives due to the regulatory pressure in addition to board governance mechanism.
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Angignard, Marjory [Verfasser]. "Applying risk governance principles to natural hazards and risks in mountains / Marjory Angignard." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Technische Universität Dortmund, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018126872/34.
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Agarwal, Ruchi. "Implementation of Enterprise Risk Management practices." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25823.
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The existence of complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity in current business environment promotes corporates need to establish good risk governance. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has been considered as a way to achieve good risk governance to deal with both upside (e.g. exploit opportunities) and downside (e.g. reduce insolvency) of risk and uncertainty. ERM holistically treats all risk to achieve organisation objective in normal, volatile and crisis situations. The thesis tackles issues in the implementation of ERM and how it has been adopted and implemented in Indian and UK insurance market. Mixed research methods have been employed from a qualitative stand point to explore the research issues, consisting of two surveys in UK and India, over 50 interviews and two case studies in the Indian and UK insurance markets. The research revealed that there is an ambiguity in the understanding of the definitions of ERM and risk appetite across both countries. Major issues in ERM implementation in Indian insurance market are fraud, under-risk reporting and insufficient resources to develop an appropriate risk culture. In the UK insurance market issues are related to customer complaints, fines/penalties, over-risk reporting and lack of capital efficiency. Regulatory risk seen as a major risk in both market, though, in the Indian market lack of regulation is the issue whereas in the UK insurance market lack of clarity in insurance regulation has been emphasised. From intuitional theory and strategic change perspective, the research presents cross-country comparative case studies highlighting four emerging ERM strategies based on the different state of development and maturity of companies: ‘Rudimentary’, ‘Anticipatory’, ‘Resilient’ and ‘Transformatory’ strategies. The case studies highlight the issues within the two insurance companies both internally and externally in a nascent and a mature market. Before companies can adopt a transformatory strategy, both companies require a fundamental understanding of strategic change that eventually can pave the way to good risk governance. Adopting the cognitive lens of strategic change will not only enhance company specific risk-based capabilities but it will improve industry risk-based capabilities through development of professional competence.
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Robinson, Gwen J. "Probation, risk and governance : towards a post-modern service?" Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638696.
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This thesis examines the probation service in England and Wales as a site of regulation or governance. Firstly, and primarily, the thesis examines the changing approach of the probation service toward the regulation or governance of the offenders which it supervises. Specifically, it explores the contention that the dominant approach to offender governance in the probation service has shifted from one concerned primarily with rehabilitation or 'normalisation', to one which is primarily concerned with the management of risk. The secondary theme concerns the regulation or governance of the probation service itself. That is, it considers the extent to which the probation service has come to be subject to - as well as an instrument of - regulatory practices, focusing in particular on the implications of this development for the professional roles and status of those working within the service. These aspects of governance are subject to empirical investigation by means of a case study, which explores the implementation of the technology of risk/needs assessment by a number of area probation services. The main conclusion is that two relatively distinct 'modes of governance' - and, in parallel, two relatively distinct professional roles - are emerging. This 'bifurcation' of provision is based on a distinction between those offenders assessed as posing a serious risk of harm to the public, and those who are not. It is argued that, whilst these modes of governance need to be understood in the context of an emerging risk-based approach, they constitute different but complementary adaptations to the purported shift from 'old' to 'new' - or 'modern' to 'post-modern' - penal rationalities. The professional future of the probation service is discussed in the light of the developments described.
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Böhm, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Risk-Adjusted Performance and Bank Governance Structures / Christoph Böhm." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042471215/34.
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Engström, Fredrika, and Sanna Martinsson. "Environmental, Social and Governance-Ratings and Risk in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172222.
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Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are increasingly important subjects in today's society. To measure a company's Corporate Social Performance (CSP); the ESG-rating has been developed throughout the years. As investors and the public are starting to acknowledge a company's sustainable actions and the importance of these, more and more companies choses to be rated using ESG-rating. As the knowledge around the subject has started to increase, we want to find out if it affects the risk of a company or an investment? Theories relating to the topic, such as stakeholder theory, suggests that satisfying all of a company’s stakeholders creates value for a company. Previous studies in the topic has interpreted this as high ESG-ratings should equal lower risks for the company. Additionally, previous studies in the relationship between sustainability and profitability shows a positive correlation between the two, meaning that companies that incorporate sustainability in general have higher profits. The purpose of this study is to investigate if high ESG-ratings could lead to lower firm’s risk in Sweden. There has been a lot of previous research in the area, but none focusing on Sweden. The majority of the previous studies have concluded that there exists a negative relationship between CSP and a firm’s risk, which indicates that if a company would integrate CSR it could lower the risk. This study will include 145 Swedish companies with 2,610 firm-year observations from the period 2001-12-21 to 2019-12-31. The risk measures used are; Total Risk (Volatility), Systematic Risk (Beta) and Idiosyncratic Risk. As for the ESG-ratings, the data is obtained from ASSET4 from the database Thomson Reuters Eikon as the measure of CSP. Furthermore a multiple regression analysis is performed to statistically investigate the relationship between a company's ESG-rate (and the three pillars Environmental, Social and Governance) and risk. The study concluded that there exists a statistically significant positive relationship between Volatility and Idiosyncratic Risk and the ESG-score for Swedish firms. As for the individual pillars; Environmental (ENV), Social (SOC) and Governance (GOV); the result indicated that there existed a statistically significant positive relationship between Volatility and Idiosyncratic Risk with the two pillars; ENV and GOV, respectively. This suggests that the higher ESG-score, ENV and GOV-scores of Swedish firms the higher Volatility and Idiosyncratic Risk. Neither Volatility or Idiosyncratic risk showed a statistically significant relationship with the social pillar. Consequently we are not able to confirm the relationship between Volatility and Idiosyncratic Risk with the Social pillar. Regarding Beta, the study found no statistically significant relationship with the ESG-score, as well as for the individual pillars; Environmental, Social and Governance. Therefore we are not able to confirm a relationship for Beta and the ESG-score, ENV, SOC and GOV-scores. As a final remark this study concluded the opposite as for previous research and consequently this thesis has contributed with new knowledge within the area of ESG-rating and risk for Swedish companies.
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Asselt, Marjolein B. A. van. "Risk governance: over omgaan met onzekerheid en mogelijke toekomsten." Maastricht : Maastricht : Maastricht University ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=13167.
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Louw, Marike. "The contribution of risk governance and disclosure in integrated annual reporting to risk management." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59854.
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This research was conducted with the aim in determining if risk governance and risk disclosures in integrated reports contribute to risk management and show improvement year on year. The volatile and challenging operating environments that organisations currently operate in has placed significant pressure on organisations assure stakeholders of their ability to create and maintain value, despite the risk of unknown events and circumstances. Integrated annual reports provide a means for organisations to communicate to stakeholders about their commitment to risk management and risk governance through risk disclosure.
This research followed an explorative and quantitative approach. A checklist was created using the risk governance principles from the King Code of Governance Principles for South Africa, application of which is required by the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for all listed companies on an apply or explain basis, the International Integrated Reporting Framework and the G4 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. Using content analysis, this checklist was completed through inspection of the integrated annual reports for the companies listed in the general retail sector of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for the past five years. Key risks identified in the integrated annual reports were compared to industry norm risks identified.
The study showed a slight improvement in application of risk governance and risk disclosure principles from year to year. In addition, a slight improvement was noted on the comparison between the key risks identified in the integrated annual reports and the industry norm risks. The results suggest improvement in risk governance and risk disclosure as elements of risk management in the past five years.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
pa2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Fűzesséryová, Adriana. "Úloha Corporate Governance pri riešení hospodárskych a finančných kríz." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197851.
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The main purpose of the master thesis is to determine the role of corporate governance in solving the economic and financial crises. This is done through explanations of events that led to the current form of Corporate Governance in developed countries. Corporate Governance is defined as the set of rules governing the relationship between owners and managers. The thesis present the basic model of the relationship management, which allows to evaluate the form of Corporate Governance in selected countries. At the same time clarifies the causes of economic crises since the 90s of the 20th century to the present from the perspective of Corporate Governance.
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Thorum, Mark Stuart. "Essays in International Financial Governance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81430.
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The 2008 financial crisis revealed systemic weaknesses in the global financial architecture, gave rise to the most severe economic collapse since the Great Depression and engendered a fundamental shift in the prevailing consensus on financial governance. It reminded us of the fragility of the international financial system and the politically unacceptable costs to society when it fails. This dissertation adds to the literature on the governance of private and public sector financial institutions. It presents a conceptual framework of linkage between the governance of financial institutions, systemic risk and financial crises. It is based on a review of the empirical and theoretical literature on the influence of financial regulation and governance on the stability of the international financial system. The dissertation examines the application of financial governance in three different contexts: (i) the introduction of a common regulatory framework for the European securities industry, known as MIFID; (ii) the introduction of a risk governance framework at a US federal agency, the US Export-Import Bank, and (iii) the introduction of performance metrics among Export Credit Agencies that operate within a common governance framework known as the Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits.
In addition, the dissertation provides specific policy recommendations designed to enhance the portfolio risk management practices of the US Export Import Bank. By extension, these recommendations are relevant to a wider audience of federal agencies with similar portfolio credit risks and may help inform the design of a robust risk management framework that is critical to the government's ability to manage its burgeoning credit portfolio.Ph. D.
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Moraes, Flavio de. "Comunicação nos processos de gestão de risco corporativo na BM&FBOVESPA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-06022013-162158/.
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Este trabalho aborda como é estruturada a comunicação nos processos de gestão de risco corporativo para identificar como é realizado o alinhamento das informações e percepções sobre riscos entre a gestão, conselho de administração e demais públicos interessados. Foi realizada revisão da literatura sobre Governança Corporativa, Gestão de Riscos, Gestão de Riscos Corporativos e Comunicação sobre riscos. Devido à escassez de estudos relacionados ao tema esta pesquisa possui caráter exploratório e foi utilizado o método de estudo de caso. Devido às limitações do método utilizado, as principais contribuições da pesquisa são evidências que apontam para o papel da gestão de risco corporativo como complementar à gestão de risco em silos, para a parceria entre especialistas e não especialistas em gestão de risco como fator que influencia na qualidade dos processos e da comunicação sobre riscos, bem como possíveis fatores que influenciam na formação e manutenção desta relação de parceria, além de evidências da presença de pessoas com experiência em gestão de riscos e nas atividades da empresa como possível fator que afetar a relação entre especialistas e não especialistas em gestão de riscos e a qualidade dos processos de gestão de risco.This paper discusses how communication in enterprise risk management is structured to identify how managers, board member and other stakeholders align information and perceptions about risks. The literature review covers Corporate Governance, Risk Management, Enterprise Risk Management and Communication about risks. Due to the limitations of the method used in this research the main contributions are evidences pointing to the role of corporate risk management as complementary to the risk management silo approach, the partnership between specialists and non specialists in risk management as a factor that influences quality of processes and communication about risks and factors that might influence the formation and maintenance of this partnership relationship as well evidences of the presence of people with experience in risk management and the company\'s activities as a possible factor affecting the relationship between experts and nonexperts in risk management and the quality of risk management processes.
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Coimbra, Fábio Claro. "Estrutura de governança corporativa e gestão de riscos: um estudo de casos no setor financeiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-16082011-132703/.
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O objetivo da tese é investigar as atividades fundamentais órgãos da estrutura de governança corporativa (conselho de administração, conselho fiscal, comitês de auditoria, remuneração, riscos, dentre outros) no que se refere à gestão de risco. Tal tema, chamado de risk governance, mostra-se extremamente relevante dentro do contexto de Basiléia II, especialmente o Pilar 2, e de Basiléia III; diante do papel crucial, na crise financeira global, das falhas e fragilidades do processo de governança da gestão de risco nos bancos; e por causa de eventos como o ocorrido no Banco Panamericano. O referido problema de pesquisa tem sido debatido no âmbito de diversos fóruns, como o Comitê da Basiléia, OECD, IFC, ICGN, NACD e IBGC, e tem representado parte crescente dos interesses da Supervisão Bancária, o que pode ser percebido pelas resoluções 3.198/04, que trata do comitê de auditoria, e 3.921/10, que aborda o comitê de remuneração; pela divulgação, por parte do Comitê da Basiléia, de documentos, como por exemplo, Principles for enhancing corporate governance, de outubro de 2010, e Enhancements to the II Basel framework, de julho de 2009. Foi realizada revisão da literatura sobre os assuntos: Governança Corporativa, Riscos Corporativos, Gestão de Riscos Corporativos, Regulação Bancária, Acordos de Basiléia (com ênfase do Pilar 2), Níveis Diferenciados de Governança da BM&FBovespa, Lei Sarbanes-Oxley e Estrutura de Governança Corporativa. Foi realizado estudo de caso de dois bancos médios. A contribuição da tese, além de sistematizar o referencial teórico sobre o assunto, é gerar conhecimento sobre a realidade brasileira, na medida que a literatura é predominantemente americana, relacionada à estrutura de capital disperso, em oposição à situação brasileira, em que prevalece a estrutura concentrada de capital. Como trata-se de um estudo exploratório, são levantadas questões para estudos futuros. Os resultados encontrados sugerem a necessidade de se reforçar o processo de risk governance, sobretudo nos bancos menores.The thesis objective is to investigate the core activities of the corporate governance structure components (board of directors, conselho fiscal, audit, risk, compensation committees, and other) related to risk management. This subject, called risk governance, is extremely relevant in the Basel II and Basel III context; due to the relevant role of the risk governance failures in the global financial crisis; and due to failures events like Banco Panamericano. The research problem has been discussed on several forums such Basel Committee, OECD, IFC, ICGN, NACD and IBGC, and has been receiving growing attention by the Banking Supervision. A case study of two Brazilian middle banks was carried out. The thesis contribution, besides systemize the related theory, is to generate knowledge about the brazilian reality.
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Galvão, Maria Azul Rodrigues. "Corporate governance nos bancos portugueses." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7887.
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Mestrado em FinançasNa Europa, a preocupação com as questões do Corporate Governance teve origem no Reino Unido em 1992, com a publicação do Relatório Cadbury, como reação a escândalos societários britânicos (BCCI, Mirror Group) com impacto em diversos países. Em Portugal a preocupação com o Corporate Governance só ganhou relevância em 1999 com aprovação pela CMVM de recomendações relativas a regras de conduta a observar no exercício do Corporate Governance das empresas admitidas à negociação. Essas regras de conduta para as empresas cotadas incluem empresas financeiras e não-financeiras. Vários têm sido os estudos desenvolvidos para as empresas não financeiras. Neste trabalho pretende-se estudar o Governance nas empresas financeiras e saber qual o nível de concretização das recomendações sobre o assunto em instituições financeiras portuguesas. Analisamos, por isso, algumas instituições financeiras portuguesas dentro do domínio global do Corporate Governance. Para concretizar este objetivo, desenvolvemos o estudo para os quatro maiores grupos financeiros que atuando em Portugal, reportam as suas contas consolidadas em Portugal. São elas: a Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD), o Banco Comercial Português (BCP), o Banco Espírito Santo (BES) e o Banco BPI (BPI). Pode-se confirmar que nas Instituições Financeiras analisadas, todas optaram por um modelo One Tier, tendo como base o Modelo Anglo-Saxónico aplicado em países como EUA e Reino Unido e todas elas seguem as recomendações da CMVM e EU.
Europe's concern with issues of began in the UK in 1992 with the publication of the Cadbury Report, in response to British corporate scandals (BCCI Mirror Group) whit impact in many countries. In Portugal, concerns about Corporate Governance has gained prominence only in 1999 with the approval of the CMVM recommendations regarding rules of conduct to be observed in exercising Corporate Governance of companies admitted to trading. These rules of conduct for listed companies include financial and non-financial companies. Several studies have been developed for non-financial companies. This paper aims to study the governance in financial companies and what level of recommendations’s implementation on the subject at Portuguese financial institutions. This study analyzes the Portuguese banks within the overall domain of Corporate Governance. From this analysis, a comparative study between four banking groups which consolidated accounts in Portugal developed, namely: Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD), Banco Comercial Português (BCP), Banco Espírito Santo (BES) and Banco Português de Investimento (BPI). It is possible to confirm that the financial institutions analyzed, all opted for a Tier One model, based on the model applied in Anglo-Saxon countries like USA and UK and they all follow the recommendations of the CMVM and EU.
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Pennywell, Gwendolyn. "Transparency, Risk, and Managerial Actions." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/finance_diss/17.
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I investigate the relation between firm risk and firm transparency over the period 1992-2006 and find that the level of firm transparency and the level of firm risk are negatively related. I also find that higher CEO pay-performance sensitivity (delta) works to mitigate this inverse relationship. This result is consistent with Hermalin and Weisbach (2007) who suggest that managers reduce risk to protect their pay and performance evaluations under higher levels of firm transparency. I further find that firms in high technology industries are more likely to increase risk relative to firms in other industries when transparency is high. Finally, I develop an additional proxy for transparency based on the Standard and Poor’s Transparency and Disclosure Score. Results using this proxy are generally consistent with my findings that there is an inverse relationship between risk and transparency and that CEO pay-performance sensitivity lessens this relationship.
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Grealish, Laurie, and n/a. "Crafting competence: the governance of multiplicity in nursing." University of Canberra. Government, 2009. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20090818.152940.
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Competence and competency assessment in nursing are promoted as necessary to ensure the quality of health care services. The dominant discourse in the international nursing community suggests that competence should be assured through some form of competency assessment, however competence is a controversial concept, with many different definitions. There are significant concerns about the validity and reliability of currently available assessment technologies. Rather than continue the debate about definitions and measurement, I take as my research aim the discovery of how what has come to count as competence became settled. The data for this study was drawn from textbooks, journal articles, meeting minutes, government reports, interviews with senior nurse leaders who were active in the development of the ANRAC Competencies and the ANCI Competency Standards 3e and RN preceptors who assess competence, group interviews with Clinical Development Nurses who assess competence, and observations of newly qualified nurses being assessed by Clinical Development Nurses. Newly qualified nurses were chosen as the focus for this study as they are formally assessed as part of Transition to Practice programs offered by health agencies around Australia. The study focuses on the period 1985 to 2005. Theories from the science, technology and social (STS) discipline informed the analysis. I found that rather than existing as a singular definable reality, competence exists in an undecided set of potentials and is momentarily reified in daily nursing practices in the form of competency standards assemblages. Combined, the semiotic (competence) - material (competency standard) assemblages are created by inventive assessors who work allegorically with multiple competences. This is not the work of assessing competence; rather it is the work of producing competence. The findings of this thesis offer new insight into competence and assessment technologies that can inform further research and development into the practices of competence assessment.
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Hossain, Mokter. "Self-Organisation in the Governance of Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4398_1269463590.
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A disaster always means a huge death toll, displacement and inconceivable destruction for a poor country such as Bangladesh. Recently, Bangladesh has taken a holistic approach to prioritising interrelated activities and the involvement of various organisations in disaster management. A number of disaster management committees (DMCs) have been formed to coordinate and implement risk reduction measures. But the levels of success of these organisations have varied in different regions. Improper consideration of local knowledge, corruption of actors, lack of coordination and capacity of actors, etc., are perceived as major causes of this. Primarily, this mini-thesis aims to measure the impact of self-organisation in disaster risk management.
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Ponenti, Albert M. "An integrative risk management/governance framework for homeland security decision making." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/08Mar%5FPonenti.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Rollins, John. "March 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 5, 2008 Includes bibliographical references (p.119-124). Also available in print.
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Jones, Kevin Edison. "The politics of new agricultural technologies : contesting risk, science and governance." Thesis, Brunel University, 2004. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7890.
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This thesis provides a sociological exploration of the politics of new agricultural technologies in the United Kingdom. It addresses some of the key issues involved in these politics, as well as how they are discussed and fought over. Conceptually it addresses these questions by focussing on issues of risk, science and governance. In doing so, this thesis situates the politics of GM crops and foods in relation to wider normative concerns about the cultural values, relationships and institutions shaping agriculture, and British society more generally. Empirically, this thesis applies a qualitative methodology, primarily relying on data generated from a series of in-depth interviews. Through these interviews active participants in the debate were able to express a variety of opinions about the risks and benefits of agricultural biotechnology. The interview data is further supplemented by some documentary evidence, particularly as relates to several government led initiatives addressing agricultural debates in terms of contestations over risk and knowledge. Key chapters in this thesis look at the way in which the debate over GM crops and foods has been shaped by perceptions of the role and values of the life-industry, science and the Government in developing and regulating biotechnology. Finally, this thesis also addresses how society, and practices of governance in particular, are able to accommodate these political issues in managing risk and regulating technological change.
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Bekker, Ellen. "Planning for flooding : a network governance perspective on flood risk management." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2615.
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In England, flooding in recent years has had a detrimental effect on the economy, the environment and the health and wellbeing of people. Climate change research suggests that the occurrence and consequences of flooding may worsen in the future. Therefore, effective flood risk management (FRM) is crucial. Traditionally, mainly structural measures, such as barriers and embankments, were taken to prevent flooding. In recent times, the emphasis has shifted to managing the risk of flooding by using non-structural methods as well, such as spatial planning. Simultaneously, there has been a shift from government to governance. Due to privatisation, agentification and decentralisation, decision making increasingly takes place in local governance networks. Actors with differing interests and responsibilities interact and negotiate in order to influence FRM, such as local authorities, the Environment Agency (EA), which has national responsibility for FRM, and developers. This PhD research explores the nature of network governance in FRM in England. The research focuses on local planning processes to examine the development and functioning of governance networks, in order to identify key factors that influence FRM. To achieve this, a multiple case study approach was applied, comprising two cases of local planning processes. The first case is a major mixed development in the North-East of England that has issues with river and surface water flooding, whilst the second case is a major redevelopment of a cricket ground in the South-East that is at significant risk of river flooding. The findings show that in both cases governance networks were formed to make decisions on FRM. In the first case, the actors cooperated and were able to implement a sustainable method of FRM. In the second case, the actors were unable to agree and the decision was referred to central government, which granted permission for development against the EA’s advice. One key factor influencing FRM was the actors’ ability to align interests, in particular the developers, the local authority and the EA, causing either conflict or cooperation in the governance network. The individual interests were derived from various factors, such as legislation, financial benefits and personal preference. The actors then used their agency to reach collaborative or individual objectives by utilising knowledge and structures to their advantage. Therefore, the nature of network governance influences the functioning of these networks, which in turn impacts on the way flood risk is managed.
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OSullivan, Jennifer. "Corporate Governance, Performance and Risk-Taking in the U.S. Banking Industry." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1521.
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In this dissertation, we first examine the relationship between performance of the bank holding company and several board characteristics. We use five proxies for bank performance including Tobin’s Q, ROA, loan loss reserve ratio, non-performing asset ratio, and net charge-offs ratio. Board characteristic variables we include are board size, proportion of outsiders, CEO power, CEO tenure and board tenure. We find that a large board enhances bank performance, as proxied by Tobin’s Q and loan quality variables. We find no evidence that board structure or CEO power influences firm performance. We see that CEO and board tenure have a positive effect on firm performance. We further employ a crisis dummy during the period 2007 through 2009 to determine if the relationships between firm performance and board characteristics changed during the crisis. Our crisis results show us that board size has a negative effect on Tobin’s Q and the non-performing asset ratio during the crisis. Further, we find that board structure decreases the non-performing asset ratio during the crisis.
We next examine the relationship between risk-taking of the bank holding company and several board characteristics. We use four accounting based proxies for bank risk-taking including credit risk, liquidity risk, capital ratio and operational risk. We also use three market based proxies for bank risk including market beta, idiosyncratic risk and the standard deviation of its stock return. Board characteristic variables we include are board size, board independence, CEO duality, CEO tenure and board tenure. We find that a large board reduces both balance sheet and market risk. We further investigate the relationships between risk-taking and board characteristics changed during the financial crisis of 2007-2009. We find that our results are robust during the crisis.
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Afanasieva, Olha Borysivna, Ольга Борисівна Афанасьєва, Ольга Борисовна Афанасьева, Yuliia Hryhorivna Lapina, Юлія Григорівна Лапіна, Юлия Григорьевна Лапина, Tetiana Volodymyrivna Shcherbyna, Тетяна Володимирівна Щербина, Татьяна Владимировна Щербина, and D. A. Govorun. "Risk management, corporate governance and investment banking: the role of CRO." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59596.
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After recent events of global financial crisis and further recession bank
boards became more disturbed about the risk governance issues. The lesson
was learned that timely risk oversight and measures to its minimization would
lead to stability of a bank. That’s why the foundation and ensuring of effective
functioning of Risk Management Committee in bank is one of the primary
goals in this context.
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Bhima, Premal. "Exploring the interplay between corporate innovation, risk management and internal governance." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59860.
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Business leaders no longer question whether it is necessary to innovate but rather, which activities to pursue. While innovation is an imperative for organisations, it is inextricably linked to risk-taking and is compounded by high levels of innovation failure rates. Therefore, there is a clear requirement to understand the interplay that risk management and governance have in shaping the design of the innovation process.
The aim of this research is to explore the relationship between corporate innovation management, internal governance and risk management, and to understand the dynamics between these constructs. The intention is that this contributes to the effectiveness of organisations when undertaking innovation activities by using adequate risk management and governance controls.
An exploratory research method was adopted based on an inductive reasoning approach to gain insight into this interplay. Thirteen semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with senior experts across six industries. The respondents had high levels of seniority, ranging from C-suite executives, managing directors and other executives, to senior managers. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.
A conceptual integrated innovation management model was carefully formulated based on the findings to embed risk management and governance within the iterative innovation process, which is influenced by the contextual attributes. The results found that risk management and governance remain key tools to manage innovation and become more significant as the innovation evolves. This research will assist organisations in managing innovation uncertainty using adequate risk management and governance controls for improved sustainability.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
ms2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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MAININI, MARTINA. "Corporate governance, performance and risk: evidence from the US insurance industry." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/180610.
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L’obiettivo di questa ricerca consiste nell’indagare l’impatto dell’indipendenza del board, della remunerazione media degli amministratori esecutivi e della diversità di genere sugli indicatori di performance (ROA, ROE, profit margin, rendimentodi mercato) edi rischio (volatilità di mercato) di un campione di 96 compagnie assicurative quotate sui mercati Nord Americani nel periodo 2000-2013. La tesi è suddivisa in tre capitoli: il primo descrive l’importanza della corporate governance, il contesto normativo di riferimento e le motivazioni per cui si è analizzata l’industria assicurativa americana. Il secondo capitolo presenta l’analisi della letteratura, riferita al settore finanziario in generalee a quello assicurativo, evidenziando i pochi studi effettuati sulla corporate governance delle assicurazioni, e soprattutto sugli effetti della diversità di genereall’interno dei board. Il terzo capitolo, infine, riporta i risultati delle verifiche empiriche effettuate. La metodologia applicata all’analisi consiste in regressioni panel con 4 specifici metodi: (1) OLS con effetti fissi per ogni azienda, (2) OLS con effetti fissi per ogni azienda e residui ar(1), (3) OLS con effetti fissi per ogni azienda ed ogni anno e (4) regressioni a due stadi (2SLS) con effetti fissi per ogni azienda. I risultati confermano l’importanzadella strutturadi corporate governance quale determinante delle performance e del rischio delle imprese assicurative: in particolare, compensi più elevati degli esecutivi impattano positivamente sulla performance delle aziende e ne riducono il rischio e, allo stesso tempo, l’indipendenza dei membri del board e la percentuale di amministratori di genere femminile generano effetti positivi su entrambe ledimensioni considerate. Il lavoro, pertanto, oltre ad ampliare la letteratura assicurativa sul tema, fornisce diversi argomenti a favore di una regolamentazione di alcuni profili di governance delle assicurazioni. Inoltre, le evidenze in merito ai benefici connessi alladiversità di genere in seno ai consigli di amministrazione, in termini di maggiore performance e minor rischio, meritano un’attenzione particolare da parte delle autorità politiche e di regolamentazione, e portano a suggerirel’introduzione di “quote di genere” minime obbligatorie nei consigli di amministrazione delle imprese nord americane.The research aims to investigate the impact of board independence, executives’ compensation and gender diversity on firms’ performance (ROA, ROE, profit margin and stock returns) and risk (market volatility), with reference to the North American insurance industry. Consistently with this purpose, the thesis includes three main chapters: Chapter 1 describes the importance of the said governance features and the new regulatory framework on governance practices and it explains the relevance of a further investigation on the US insurance industry. Chapter 2 presents a systematic literature review by considering both contributions from the extensive finance literature and studies on the insurance sector and it concludes that academic research on insurance industry’s corporate governance is very limited, especially if we focus on women representation on boards. Chapter 3 reports the main analyses carried out on a sample of 96 North American insurers over the period 2000-2013. In detail, the methodology consists of a panel regression framework with four estimation methods: (1) OLS firm fixed effects, (2) OLS firm fixed effects with ar(1) of first differenced residuals, (3) OLS firm and year fixed effects, and (4) two stage least squares (2SLS) with firm fixed effects. Results confirm that insurers’ performance and risk are sensitive to the composition of the board, in terms of proportion of independent and female directors, and to the average executives’ total compensation. Specifically, higher executives’ total compensation leads to higher performance and lower risk; increased board independence and gender diversity significantly reduce insurers’ risks and, moreover, more females in the boardrooms enhance insurance companies performance. The empirical findings of this work intensify insurance literature and provide justifications to include corporate governance factors in the insurance regulatory framework. In addition, the significant results about gender diversity might deserve consideration by regulators and policymakers since it suggests the introduction of mandatory “gender quotas” on the North American companies’ boards.
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Gibin, Stefano <1990>. "Corporate Governance ed Enterprise Risk Management: un'analisi empirica dello Stoxx 200." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6307.
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Kamal, Sabkat. "Risk governance analysis of informal floating food supply system in metropolitan Dhaka." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212530/1/Sabkat_Kamal_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is a step forward in analysing the Informal Floating Food supply system (IFFSS) in Dhaka. The daily appropriation and regulation of the IFFSS trading in Dhaka illustrate the conflicts in space, authority, and state, which always provokes arguments and becomes of prime importance in struggles and actions. The research undertakes a qualitative approach and integrates the Institutional analysis and development framework developed by Ostrom to describe how the IFFSS is governed in metropolitan Dhaka and inherent risk factors that break down the system's functionality.
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Magrus, Abdelhamid Ali Ali. "Corporate governance practices in developing countries : the case of Libya." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2012. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3286/.
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Corporate governance is currently on the agenda of many countries, and is receiving considerable attention in the business world as well as in the area of academic research, which is an indication of its importance for business development and for society as a whole. A large body of the currently available knowledge addresses this phenomenon from the perspective of the developed economies. Although the knowledge base about corporate governance in developing countries appears to be limited, it is growing. The main aim of this study is to investigate current corporate governance practices, perceptions and obstacles within Libya following the introduction of the Libyan Corporate Governance Code (LCGC). To achieve this aim, the study investigates: first, the nature and extent of applying current corporate governance; secondly, the perceptions of listed companies' staff (senior managers and employees in financial positions) and Libyan financial experts (academics and auditors) regarding the introduction of the LCGC; thirdly, the current obstacles facing the application of LCGC; and, finally, the views of the Libyan regulators and officials in relation to the obstacles identified and how they may be reduced. In order to accomplish the research objectives, a mixed research methodology was adopted: This involved using two types of research methods for collecting data: semistructured interviews and a questionnaire survey divided into three sequential stages: firstly, interviews were conducted with board members of the companies surveyed; secondly, a questionnaire was distributed to selected staff of the companies surveyed and Libyan financial experts; thirdly, further interviews were conducted with Libyan regulators and officials. The findings of the study revealed that corporate governance in Libya is in its early stages of development and is characterised by a weak legal environment, lack of knowledge about corporate governance, poor leadership, lack of training among directors and weak investment awareness among investors. Therefore, the influence of social, cultural and economic factors is evident. The results also suggest that urgent action is needed in order to facilitate the implementation of a good corporate governance system in Libya.
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Morales, Torres Adrián. "Evaluation of the impact of risk reduction indicators and epistemic uncertainty in dam safety governance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/79739.
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Large dams are critical infrastructures whose failure could produce high economic and social consequences. For this reason, in recent years, the application of quantitative risk analysis to inform dam safety governance has risen significantly worldwide.
This thesis is focused in how computed quantitative risk results can be useful to inform dam safety management. It proposes different methods and metrics to deal with the two key issues identified in this process: how risk results can be managed to prioritize potential investments and how uncertainty should be considered in quantitative risk models to inform decision making.
Firstly, it is demonstrated that risk reduction indicators are a useful tool to obtain prioritization sequences of potential safety investments, especially in portfolios with a high number of dams. Different indicators for dam safety are assessed, analyzing their relation with equity and efficiency principles.
Secondly, it is proposed to consider explicitly and independently natural and epistemic uncertainty in quantitative risk models for dams, following the recommendations developed by other industries. Specifically, a procedure is developed to separate both types of uncertainty in the fragility analysis for the sliding failure mode of gravity dams.
Finally, both issues are combined to propose different metrics that analyze the effect of epistemic uncertainty in the prioritization of investments based on risk results. These metrics allow considering the convenience of conducting additional uncertainty reduction actions, like site tests, surveys or more detailed analysis.Las grandes presas son infraestructuras críticas cuyo fallo puede producir importantes consecuencias económicas y sociales. Por este motivo, en los últimos años la aplicación de técnicas de análisis de riesgos para informar a la gobernanza de la seguridad de presas se ha extendido por todo el mundo. La presente tesis se centra en analizar cómo los resultados calculados de riesgo pueden ser útiles para la toma de decisiones en seguridad de presas. Para ello, se proponen diferentes métodos e indicadores que tratan los dos principales problemas identificados en este proceso: cómo gestionar los resultados de riesgo para priorizar potenciales inversiones en seguridad y cómo debe ser considerada la incertidumbre en los modelos de riesgo para orientar a la toma de decisiones. En primer lugar, se muestra como los indicadores de reducción de riesgo son una herramienta útil y eficaz para obtener secuencias de priorización de potenciales medidas de reducción de riesgo, especialmente en la gestión conjunta de grandes grupos de presas. Por ello, los diferentes indicadores para la gestión de la seguridad de presas son evaluados, analizando su relación con los principios de eficiencia y equidad. En segundo lugar, se propone considerar la incertidumbre epistémica y la incertidumbre natural de forma independiente dentro de los modelos de riesgo cuantitativos para presas, siguiendo las recomendaciones de otras industrias. En particular, se propone un procedimiento para separar ambos tipos de incertidumbre en el análisis del modo de fallo por deslizamiento en presas de gravedad. Finalmente, ambos puntos se combinan para proponer diferentes índices que analicen la influencia de la incertidumbre epistémica sobre las secuencias de priorización obtenidas mediante indicadores de reducción de riesgo, y por lo tanto, sobre la toma de decisiones. De esta forma, estos índices permiten analizar la necesidad de realizar acciones adicionales para reducir la incertidumbre epistémica, como ensayos, sondeos o estudios detallados.
Les grans preses son infraestructures crítiques que si fallen poden produir importants conseqüències econòmiques i socials. Per aquest motiu, en el últims anys la aplicació de tècniques d'anàlisis de rics per a informar a la governança de seguretat de preses s'ha estès per tot el món. Aquesta tesi es centra en analitzar com els resultats calculats de risc poden ser útils per a prendre decisions en seguretat de preses. Per a això, es proposen diferents mètodes i indicadors que tracten el dos principals problemes identificats en aquest procés: com gestionar els resultats de risc per a prioritzar potencials inversions en seguretat i com el models de risc han de considerar la incertesa per a orientar a la presa de decisions. En primer lloc, es mostra com el indicadors de reducció de riscs son una ferramenta útil i eficaç per a obtindré seqüències de priorització de potencials mesures de reducció de risc, especialment en la gestió conjunta de grans grups de preses. Per això, els diferents indicadors per a la gestió de la seguretat de preses son avaluats, analitzant la seua relació amb els principis d'eficiència i equitat. En segon lloc, es proposa considerar la incertesa natural i la incertesa epistèmica de forma independent dintre del models quantitatius de risc per a preses, seguint les recomanacions d'altres industries. En particular, es proposa un procediment per a separar el dos tipus d'incertesa en el anàlisis del fall per lliscament en preses de gravetat. Finalment, el dos punts es combinen per a proposar índexs que analitzen la influència de la incertesa epistèmica sobre les seqüencies de priorització de mesures obtingudes amb els indicadors de reducció de risc, y per tant, sobre la presa de decisions. D'aquesta forma, aquests índexs permeten analitzar la necessitat de realitzar acciones per a reduir la incertesa, como assajos, sondejos geotècnics o estudis de detall.
Morales Torres, A. (2017). Evaluation of the impact of risk reduction indicators and epistemic uncertainty in dam safety governance [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/79739
TESIS
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Niven, Rhiannon Jane. "Risky environments: governance and adaptation for future flood risk." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/113264.
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Modern environments are becoming increasingly risky. Climate change, population growth and the spread of urbanisation have increased flood risks, such that the vulnerability of populations to the natural hazard, and the financial cost of response and recovery have increased in association. In response, flood governance is changing. This study presents the results of a comparative case study of flood risk governance and management that aimed to address two research questions, (i) what are the key challenges of flood management in consideration of the role of the governance framework, local context and stakeholder perception and acceptance of risk at multiple scales and (ii) what are the options for an adaptive management approach to flood? The research design employed components of grounded theory and a comparative case study methodology to explore approaches to flood management in three different case studies across local, regional and national scales: 1) The development of the Brownhill and Keswick Creek Stormwater Management Plan in South Australia; 2) The governance response to the 2011 floods in south-east Queensland, and; 3) the implementation of the Flood Risk Management (Scotland) Act 2009 in Scotland, United Kingdom. Ulrich Beck’s Risk Society (1992) was applied as a philosophical lens to construct the conceptual understanding of ‘risk’. Findings reveal a diversity of approaches to the management of future flood risk across scales. Each case study and scale (local, regional and national) highlighted different aspects and challenges of flood management around the themes of governance (e.g. diffused and unclear responsibilities and accountabilities), adaptation (e.g. relocation, natural flood management and use of landscape) and underlying risk perception. The three case studies together provide a critical comparative analysis of the key challenges faced by managers of flood risk. Concluding recommendations highlight that common challenges for flood management are constructed around: urbanisation; climate change; governance of systems; risk perception; and uncertainty from increased flood risk. The case studies demonstrated that the link between a new framing of risk and the practical consequences for implementation need to be strengthened for effective community empowerment and resilience. Increased community resilience requires multi-disciplinary, cross-scale understanding, where local communities can imprint their values and risk perceptions on the decision-making process. A transition towards a sustainable flood risk management paradigm will be required for communities to adapt to their new risky environments.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2017.
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Chiu, Yi-Ru, and 邱怡茹. "Corporate Governance and Credit Risk." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59654644341658073431.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
財務管理所
97
The main purpose of this research is to examine the impact of corporate governance on credit risk. We use Taiwan Corporate Credit Risk Index (TCRI) as the proxy for credit risk and investigate the relationship between credit risk and six corporate governance aspects such as ownership structure, board characteristics and so on. The empirical analysis finds that the firm with higher management ownership, higher board of outside director’s member''s proportion, and the presidency who doesn’t serve as the board chairman, lower blockholder shareholding and greater institutional ownership will reduce effectively credit risk and enhance credit ratings. This result indicates that the corporate governance system is useful in reducing credit risk and enhancing the reputation of corporate. The corporate has fine reputation will reduce information asymmetry between investors and corporate. The development of capital market will be also stronger.
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Chou, Sheng-Chieh, and 周聖婕. "Corporate Governance and Idiosyncratic Risk." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38365968408446050029.
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碩士國立中正大學
財務金融研究所
99
This study examines the relationship between corporate governance and idiosyncratic risk of companies listed in Taiwan during the period of 2000－2009. The sample is further classified into two groups, firms controlled by business group and firms not controlled by business group. This paper finds a significant negative association between corporate governance and idiosyncratic risk, implying that corporate governance really serves as a basic risk management practice. In addition, this paper also finds that whether firms are controlled by business group or not does not have significant influence on idiosyncratic risk. And firms with better corporate governance tend to use debt finance.
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Liu, Hsiang-Sheng, and 劉向晟. "The Corporate Risk and Corporate Governance." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4ar4b9.
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碩士逢甲大學
財務金融學所
100
Prior studies mostly focus on the corporate performance and pay little attention to the relationship between corporate governance and corporate risk. This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance on the corporate risk from different perspectives. We divided corporate governance into board composition and ownership structure. The risk examined in the study includes the total risk and idiosyncratic risk. We use the standard deviations of return on assets, stock return and Tobin''s Q as proxies for total risk. We also follow the direct decomposition method provided by Xu and Malkiel (2003) to estimate the corporate idiosyncratic risk. Finally, we employed the panel data regression to examine the relationship between corporate governance and corporate risk. The result shows that board size, board independent, and CEO holding have a negative relationship with total risk and idiosyncratic risk. Board duality has positive relationship with corporate risk. However, not all corporate governance variables have a significant relationship with both risk measures variable. The institutional holding not only has impact on corporate risk behaviors, but will also affect the risk measures differently.
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Liu, Jui-Lin, and 劉睿琳. "Food Safety Regulatory under Risk Governance." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16651169807063223978.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
科技法律研究所
103
From 2008 to 2014, the Food Safety Law of the Republic of China (Taiwan) has been amended for several times; a serial incidents regarding food safety, however, still keep appearing upon newspapers, such as the incident of olive oil adulteration in 2013, as well as the waste oil scandal in 2014. Food safety issue is not only happened in Taiwan but occurred around the world. Since food safety issue is a part of the modern risk society like environmental issue, it is essential for a nation to implement risk governance. The study is to verify and analyze the importance of the practice of risk governance on Taiwan''s food safety regulatory systems, and to illustrate the solid connection between risk society and national risk governance with resembling cases on food safety, as well as their compound. The issue of food safety is only existed in regulatory systems; it is thus necessary distinguishing between food safety and food sanitation, and establishing a fundamental risk governance system through risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. Finally, the study intends to extend transdisciplinary reflection with legal-based orientation on the source of the current food safety issues in Taiwan, and the reason of failed solution on food safety made by amending the relevant regulation. By analyzing and comparing the current Act Governing Food Safety and Sanitation in Taiwan with foreign food safety regulations, the study is also to discuss the possibility and necessity for rebuilding the food safety regulatory system in Taiwan.
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Liang, Bi Jiuan, and 梁碧君. "Corporate Governance and Bank Risk Taking." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96026734153391075528.
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碩士大葉大學
會計資訊學系碩士班
98
This paper investigates the relationship between the corporate governance and the risk taking of Taiwan banking industry. We divided the corporate governance into three dimensions: the board structure, ownership structure, and external control factors, and upon the World Bank (2000) proposed structure of each element of corporate governance are classified as internal oversight external supervision or external supervision, trying to find the dimensions of bank decision making prior objective standards and supervision of bank risk after the realization of the risk factors. The results show that elements of effective internal oversight board size and percentage of shares held by directors, as the larger board size, the lower the risk incurred by the banks after the event, while the higher percentage of shares held by directors, the lower the risk of bank decision making prior. Elements of an effective external oversight independent supervisor ratio and institutional ownership ratio, which each area could effectively the prior decision of bank risk after the risk to their commitments, and to play a supervisory function. Among them, the independent supervisors are more effective than play special set of independent supervisors will be able to bank decision to pursue a higher risk of pre-paid, but it can also reduce the risk banks take the post.
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Owi, Toinpre. "A governance framework for mitigating flood risks in Nigeria." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1415248.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)The impact of disasters on hard-won social, environmental and economic developmental strides globally cannot be overemphasised. The magnitude and frequency of hazards (i.e. flooding, earthquakes, cyclones, typhoons etc.) poses great challenges for vulnerable populations as well as for those whose statutory responsibilities are to mitigate disaster risks within society. In view of the enormous uncertainties and complexities associated with disasters, several approaches to deal with disaster risks have emerged. These approaches have been characterised as structural measures (i.e. building retention dams, levees, drainage channels etc.) and non-structural measures (rules, regulations, policies, strategies, programmes etc.). Clearly, it can be agreed that the latter often determines the former, as its elements shape societal behaviour and action exhibited through institutions which uphold rules, professional ethics, standards, policies, regulations etc. When institutions that reflect government’s intended vision to achieve resilience and sustainability within society are weak, disaster risks are bound to be created. The existence of institutional deficiencies, such as inefficient flood mitigation plans and policies, poor solid waste management, weak regulatory frameworks etc., spurs expectations and demands (institutional pressures) for public sector organisations to provide solutions. While a wide range of scholarly works have paid much attention to exploring how organisations respond to institutional pressures to maintain legitimacy, there is no contribution providing explanations as to how institutional pressures exerted on public sector organisations influence strategic responses to address disaster risks. The aim of this thesis is to address this gap by exploring public sector organisations charged with the statutory responsibility of addressing flood risks, as such organisations play a dominating role in providing structural and non-structural measures. The study therefore provides evidence within the context of Nigeria to understand the interaction between governance structures and processes that contribute to the risk of flooding in the face of uncertainties and complexities. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a qualitative phenomenological case study approach is utilised. Through interviews and focus group discussions, the experiences of public sector organisation officials, communities and World Bank funded projects were studied using the pressure and release model, the concept of institutional isomorphism from institutional theory and the organisational strategic response model. The study explores institutional constraints triggered by the interaction between social structures and processes that lead to unsafe conditions exacerbating flooding (dynamic pressures), institutional pressures exerted on public sector organisations and, finally, the responses of the public sector organisations to address the flood risks. Findings from the analysis of data are used to develop a framework for understanding the intricacies of organizational actions which ultimately reflects on the capacity of institutions to mitigate flood risks. Results from this study indicate that there are complex relationships existing between constructs of dynamic pressures manifested through climatic and geographic conditions, societal attitudes, financial constraints, technical deficiencies and institutional weakness. Institutional expectations and demands in the form of coercive, normative and mimetic pressures (isomorphic pressures) were found to influence public sector organisations’ responses to conform to or resist pressures based on antecedent factors and stimulating mechanisms. The findings also significantly contribute to the existing body of knowledge, providing a context-specific understanding of the root dimensions that propel institutional constituents to exert pressures on public sector organisations. Additionally, the study provides knowledge of the nature of institutional pressures exerted on public sector organisations that influence certain strategic choices. The fundamental challenge is that responding to flood risks mainly depends on power relations, scarce resources and the legitimacy-seeking attributes of public sector organisations charged with the statutory responsibility of addressing the risks. Institutional pressures may change over time and will require a choice of mechanisms to stimulate a positive response by public sector organisations to take actions. Implications for practice entails that the awareness of institutional pressures will aid understanding of institutional constraints of public sector organisations and will provide clarity on areas to prioritise to deliver positive disaster risk reduction outcomes.