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Journal articles on the topic 'Risk-Informed Decision Making'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Ayyub, Bilal M., Peter G. Prassinos, and John Etherton. "Risk-informed Decision Making." Mechanical Engineering 132, no. 01 (January 1, 2010): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2010-jan-2.

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This article presents an overview of the need for inclusion of an effective risk analysis program in a product’s lifecycle. Risk-based technologies (RBT) are tools and processes used to assess and manage the risks of a component—or even of an entire system. One RBT method is risk assessment, which consists of hazard identification, scenario-probability assessment, and consequence assessment. Another method is risk control, which uses failure prevention and consequence mitigation, as well as risk communication. Risk can be quantified by estimating probabilities and consequences in a qualitative manner using expert opinion and communicated using matrices for preliminary screening. There are four primary ways available to deal with risk within the context of a risk management strategy: risk reduction or elimination, risk transfer, risk avoidance, and risk absorbance or pooling. The use of tools such as risk analysis helps enable decision makers to be as informed on the risks involved with each choice as they are with other important parameters of the system such as strategic importance, schedule criticality, cost, and customer satisfaction.

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Linden, Belinda. "Understanding risk and informed decision-making." British Journal of Cardiac Nursing 14, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjca.2019.14.1.10.

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Amendola, Aniello. "Recent paradigms for risk informed decision making." Safety Science 40, no. 1-4 (February 2002): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-7535(01)00039-x.

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Päivinen, Minna. "354 Developing risk-informed decision-making processes." Injury Prevention 22, Suppl 2 (September 2016): A129.3—A130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042156.354.

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Papazoglou, Ioannis A., Gerasimos Bonanos, and Helen Briassoulis. "Risk informed decision making in land use planning." Journal of Risk Research 3, no. 1 (January 2000): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/136698700376716.

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Ersdal, Gerhard, and Terje Aven. "Risk informed decision-making and its ethical basis." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 93, no. 2 (February 2008): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2006.12.018.

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Ohanian, Edward V., John A. Moore, John R. Fowle, Gilbert S. Omenn, Steven C. Lewis, George M. Gray, and D. Warner North. "Risk Characterization: A Bridge to Informed Decision Making." Toxicological Sciences 39, no. 2 (1997): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/39.2.81.

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SRINIVAS, G., A. K. VERMA, and A. SRIVIDYA. "RISK INFORMED DECISION MAKING USING MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 16, no. 06 (December 2009): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539309003526.

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Nuclear Power Plant operations are guided by Limiting conditions of operations (LCO's) laid out in the document referred to as the Technical Specifications (TS). This Technical Specification is a legitimate framework approved by the Regulatory Bodies for the Safe operations of the Nuclear Power plants. In the past, the regulatory bodies used a deterministic approach as the basis for making decisions on safety issues and organizing the activities that they carry out. This was done by applying high level criteria such as the need to provide defence in depth and adequate safety margins. However with the availability of detailed Plant Specific Level-1 Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA), these limiting conditions need to be reviewed/revised based on the analysis results. This review of the LCO's is not a trivial exercise if the entire solution space of the variables defining the variables has to be investigated. This paper reviews the case for revision of Surveillance test frequencies of the Emergency Core Cooling System injection valves, using the multiobjective optimization technique.

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Ohanian, E. "Risk Characterization: A Bridge to Informed Decision Making,." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 39, no. 2 (October 1997): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/faat.1997.2358.

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Reinert, Joshua M., and George E. Apostolakis. "Including model uncertainty in risk-informed decision making." Annals of Nuclear Energy 33, no. 4 (March 2006): 354–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2005.11.010.

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Borysiewicz, Mieczysław Józef, Karol Kowal, Piotr Prusiński, and Marcin Dąbrowski. "AN INTEGRATED RISK INFORMED DECISION MAKING IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 3, no. 2 (May 16, 2013): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.1448.

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The regulatory body, established to ensure safety of nuclear facilities, is expected to make right decisions and provide appropriate regulations for the nuclear industry. The traditional manner of its activity has been based on a deterministic approach to safety analyses. However, increased maturity of Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) makes it complementary to deterministic studies. The new IAEA concept, described in this article, is to apply an integrated approach by combining both deterministic and probabilistic insights with other requirements affecting the decision making process.

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12

Narumiya, Yoshiyuki. "Challenge of Updating the Risk-Informed Decision Making Standard." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 59, no. 2 (2017): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.59.2_85.

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13

Borgonovo, E., and G. E. Apostolakis. "A new importance measure for risk-informed decision making." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 72, no. 2 (May 2001): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(00)00108-3.

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14

Volkanovski, Andrija, and Marko Čepin. "Implication of PSA uncertainties on risk-informed decision making." Nuclear Engineering and Design 241, no. 4 (April 2011): 1108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.02.041.

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Enyoghasi, Christian, and Fazleena Badurdeen. "Risk-informed simulation for sustainable product design decision making." Procedia Manufacturing 43 (2020): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.195.

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Long, Kristin L., Angela M. Ingraham, Elizabeth M. Wendt, Megan C. Saucke, Courtney Balentine, Jason Orne, and Susan C. Pitt. "Informed Consent and Informed Decision-Making in High-Risk Surgery: A Quantitative Analysis." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 233, no. 3 (September 2021): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.05.029.

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Vesely, W. E., and G. E. Apostalakis. "Developments in risk-informed decision-making for nuclear power plants." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 63, no. 3 (March 1999): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(98)00036-2.

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Čepin, Marko. "Risk-informed decision-making related to the on-line maintenance." Nuclear Engineering and Design 241, no. 4 (April 2011): 1114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.03.042.

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Jang, Dong Ju, and Hyung Jin Shim. "Development of a regulatory framework for risk-informed decision making." Nuclear Engineering and Technology 52, no. 1 (January 2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2019.06.029.

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20

Watson, Crystal, and Lucia Mullen. "Risk-Informed Decision Making: More Critical Today Than Ever Before." Health Security 18, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hs.2020.0079.

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21

Dubois, Didier, and Dominique Guyonnet. "Risk-informed decision-making in the presence of epistemic uncertainty." International Journal of General Systems 40, no. 2 (February 2011): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2010.506179.

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Schwennesen, Nete, Mette Nordahl Svendsen, and Lene Koch. "Beyond informed choice: prenatal risk assessment, decision-making and trust." Clinical Ethics 5, no. 4 (December 2010): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ce.2010.010041.

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Giles, Kristy. "Personalized Risk Communication for Informed Decision Making About Screening Tests." Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 19, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1188/15.cjon.118-119.

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Cremen, Gemma, and Carmine Galasso. "A decision‐making methodology for risk‐informed earthquake early warning." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 36, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 747–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mice.12670.

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25

Tiller, K., B. Meiser, E. Reeson, M. Tucker, L. Andrews, C. Gaff, J. Kirk, K. A. Phillips, and M. Friedlander. "A decision aid for women at increased risk for ovarian cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 13, no. 1 (2003): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200301000-00003.

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This paper reviews changes that have occurred within and without the medical profession that have fostered an increasing demand for decision aids as adjuncts to practitioners' counseling to prepare patients for decision making. In the absence of data on the efficacy of ovarian cancer screening and prophylactic strategies, decisions about optimal care are difficult for both women and their doctors. Because surveillance and preventive options are an area of great uncertainty, a decision aid has been developed specifically aimed at facilitating decisions involving ovarian cancer risk management options. This was achieved by reviewing and integrating the available literature on models of medical decision making, patient preferences for information and involvement in decision making, the utility of decision aids, and management options for ovarian cancer risk. Findings indicate that patients wish to be informed participants in the decision-making process and that decision aids are an acceptable and effective method of providing quality information in a format that facilitates an inclusive model of shared decision making. A decision aid designed for women at increased risk of ovarian cancer that facilitates informed decision making may be a valuable addition to patient support. A randomized controlled trial of this type of educational material will provide timely and much needed evidence on its acceptability and efficacy.

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de Vries, Hein, Emï¿½lia M. Pajor, Kenny C. J. Curfs, Sander M. Eggers, and Anke Oenema. "How to foster informed decision making about food supplements: results from an international Delphi study." Health Education Research 34, no. 4 (June 1, 2019): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyz017.

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Abstract Food supplement use can have beneficial and detrimental effects, making informed decisions about supplement use important. How these decisions are made and which communication strategies can stimulate informed decision making is unclear. This study identified the important characteristics of (i) informed decision making about food supplement use and (ii) important factors indicating how to communicate about food supplements to foster informed decision making. An online three-round Delphi study was conducted. International experts within the field of (risk) communication about food supplements or related fields were recruited via email. The participants' age ranged from 25 to 69 years, and sample sizes for the three rounds were 38, 89 and 51, respectively. Experts indicated that for making an informed decision about food supplement use one needs to have knowledge of their positive and negative effects, the ability to compare these effects, knowing alternatives besides supplements, feeling informed, and feeling able (self-efficacious) to make the decision and making the decision voluntarily. Important communication strategies mentioned were: provision of information about positive and negative effects and the nature of these effects including scientific evidence, ensuring information is easily accessible, well ordered, tailored and provided by a trustworthy, credible and independent source.

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Kirchsteiger, C. "Towards harmonising risk-informed decision making: the ARAMIS and compass projects." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 15, no. 3 (May 2002): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-4230(02)00005-0.

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Rumbold, Darren G., Marc Engel, and Donald M. Axelrad. "Risk of Ill-Informed Decision-Making When Choosing Your Favorite Fish." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 17, no. 5 (September 2011): 1156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2011.605729.

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29

Kukhotskyi, O., O. Dybach, and T. Iešmantas. "Methodology for PSA Uncertainty Estimation and Application in Risk-Informed Decision-Making." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 4(76) (November 17, 2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2017.4(76).04.

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Uncertainties are very important in risk analysis and should be considered in the decision-making process. This paper proposes the methodology for estimation of PSA uncertainties in risk-informed decision-making. The methodology allows solving the complex task of identifying the sources of uncertainties, assessing their range, and providing an approach for consideration of PSA results with uncertainties in combination with other factors underlying risk-informed decision-making. The levels of uncertainties are proposed to be classified using the variation factor. The authors applied the developed methodology to assess alternatives of post-Fukushima safety measures.

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Owens, Otis L., Daniela B. Friedman, Heather M. Brandt, Jay M. Bernhardt, and James R. Hébert. "Digital Solutions for Informed Decision Making." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 3 (January 6, 2015): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988314564178.

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African American (AA) men are significantly more likely to die of prostate cancer (PrCA) than other racial groups, and there is a critical need to identify strategies for providing information about PrCA screening and the importance of informed decision making (IDM). To assess whether a computer-based IDM intervention for PrCA screening would be appropriate for AA men, this formative evaluation study examined their (1) PrCA risk and screening knowledge; (2) decision-making processes for PrCA screening; (3) usage of, attitudes toward, and access to interactive communication technologies (ICTs); and (4) perceptions regarding a future, novel, computer-based PrCA education intervention. A purposive convenience sample of 39 AA men aged 37 to 66 years in the Southeastern United States was recruited through faith-based organizations to participate in one of six 90-minute focus groups and complete a 45-item descriptive survey. Participants were generally knowledgeable about PrCA. However, few engaged in IDM with their doctor and few were informed about the associated risks and uncertainties of PrCA screening. Most participants used ICTs on a daily basis for various purposes including health information seeking. Most participants were open to a novel, computer-based intervention if the system was easy to use and its animated avatars were culturally appropriate. Because study participants had low exposure to IDM for PrCA, but frequently used ICTs, IDM interventions using ICTs (e.g., computers) hold promise for AA men and should be explored for feasibility and effectiveness. These interventions should aim to increase PrCA screening knowledge and stress the importance of participating in IDM with doctors.

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Woudstra, Anke J., Ellen M. A. Smets, Mathilde G. E. Verdam, and Mirjam P. Fransen. "The Role of Health Literacy in Explaining the Relation between Educational Level and Decision Making about Colorectal Cancer Screening." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 4644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234644.

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Little is known about why educational inequalities exist in informed decision making in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Insight into the role and impact of health literacy is essential for intervention development. This study investigates associations between health literacy and informed decision making in CRC screening and explores to what extent health literacy mediates the association between education and informed decision making in CRC screening. In total, 696 individuals eligible for CRC screening (55–75 years of age) were recruited from online panels and filled in an online questionnaire at T0 (n = 696), T1 (n = 407) and T2 (n = 327). A hypothetical mediation model was tested using structural equation modelling. Outcomes included CRC knowledge, CRC screening knowledge, attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, risk perception, self-efficacy, decisional conflict and decisional certainty. Health literacy domains included Comprehension, Application, Numeracy and Communication. Comprehension, Application and Numeracy, were found to mediate the association between education and knowledge about CRC and CRC screening, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, decisional conflict and decisional certainty. In light of these findings, targeting multiple health literacy domains in decision-support interventions is essential for facilitating informed decision making in CRC screening.

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Allen, Jennifer Dacey, Amanda Reich, Adolfo G. Cuevas, and Keren Ladin. "Preparing African American Men to Make Informed Prostate Cancer Screening Decisions: Development and Pilot Testing of an Interactive Online Decision Aid." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): e15502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15502.

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Background African American men are at a higher risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer compared to white men. The serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening test has a high risk of false-positive results and overdiagnosis; therefore, it is not routinely recommended. Rather, men are encouraged to make individualized decisions with their medical providers, after being fully informed about its potential benefits, limitations, and risks. Objective This study aimed to describe the development and pilot testing of an interactive Web-based decision aid (DA; Prostate Cancer Screening Preparation [PCSPrep]) for African American men, designed to promote informed decision making for prostate cancer screening. Methods Four focus groups (n=33) were conducted to assess men’s reactions to DAs developed in prior studies and gather information to modify the content and format. The pilot test employed a pre-posttest evaluation design. A convenience sample of 41 men aged 45-70 years with no history of prostate cancer was recruited from community settings. Participants completed online surveys before and after using PCSPrep that assessed prostate cancer screening knowledge, decision self-efficacy, decisional conflict, and preparation for decision making. Results Use of PCSPrep was associated with a significant increase in prostate cancer knowledge (49% vs 62% correct responses; P<.001), and men also experienced less decisional conflict (24 vs 15 on a scale of 0-100; P=.008). No changes in self-efficacy about decision making or screening preferences were observed. Most men (81%) reported that using PCSPrep prepared them to make informed decisions in partnership with their provider. Conclusions PCSPrep was an acceptable DA that improved men’s knowledge, reduced decisional conflict, and promoted the perception of being prepared for shared decision making. Further research is needed to test the DA in a larger randomized trial.

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Collins, E. Dale, Caroline P. Moore, Kate F. Clay, Stephen A. Kearing, Annette M. O'Connor, Hilary A. Llewellyn-Thomas, Richard J. Barth, and Karen R. Sepucha. "Can Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Make an Informed Decision for Mastectomy?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 4 (February 1, 2009): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.16.6215.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure the degree to which informed women chose mastectomy, and to reveal their reasons for this choice. Patients and Methods This was a prospective cohort study of patients radiographically and pathologically eligible for either mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery (BCS; n = 125). Participants completed questionnaires at three time points: baseline, after viewing a decision aid, and after a surgical consultation. Questionnaires assessed clinical history, preference for participation in decision making, information comprehension, values, decisional conflict, and preferred treatment. Results Of 125 participants, 44 (35%) chose mastectomy. Most understood that BCS and mastectomy offer an equivalent survival benefit (98%) and that BCS has a slightly higher local recurrence risk (63%); most accurately identified the magnitude of ipsilateral local recurrence risk (91%). Values assigned to three treatment attributes/outcomes (“remove breast for peace of mind,” “avoid radiation,” and “keep breast”) clearly discriminated between patients choosing mastectomy or BCS. High decisional conflict scores improved after both the decision aid and surgical consultation. Conclusion Although conventional wisdom may view BCS as the preferred treatment, a notable proportion of well informed women choose mastectomy. Whereas prior studies have linked objective factors to treatment choice, this study reveals subjective preferences that underlie decision making. The systematic use of a decision aid before the surgical consultation may help women make informed, values-based decisions, while clearly reducing decisional conflict.

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Birkmann, Joern, Holger Sauter, Ali Jamshed, Linda Sorg, Mark Fleischhauer, Simone Sandholz, Mia Wannewitz, et al. "Strengthening risk-informed decision-making: scenarios for human vulnerability and exposure to extreme events." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 5 (August 26, 2020): 663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-05-2020-0147.

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PurposeEnhancing the resilience of cities and strengthening risk-informed decision-making are defined as key within the Global Agenda 2030. Implementing risk-informed decision-making also requires the consideration of scenarios of exposure and vulnerability. Therefore, the paper presents selected scenario approaches and illustrates how such vulnerability scenarios can look like for specific indicators and how they can inform decision-making, particularly in the context of urban planning.Design/methodology/approachThe research study uses the example of heat stress in Ludwigsburg, Germany, and adopts participatory and quantitative forecasting methods to develop scenarios for human vulnerability and exposure to heat stress.FindingsThe paper indicates that considering changes in future vulnerability of people is important to provide an appropriate information base for enhancing urban resilience through risk-informed urban planning. This can help cities to define priority areas for future urban development and to consider the socio-economic and demographic composition in their strategies.Originality/valueThe value of the research study lies in implementing new qualitative and quantitative scenario approaches for human exposure and vulnerability to strengthen risk-informed decision-making.

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Talarico, Luca, and Genserik Reniers. "Risk-informed decision making of safety investments by using the disproportion factor." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 100 (March 2016): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.01.003.

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Vaurio, Jussi K. "Importance measures in risk-informed decision making: Ranking, optimisation and configuration control." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 96, no. 11 (November 2011): 1426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2011.06.012.

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Kaminski, Michal F., Marcin Polkowski, Ewa Kraszewska, Maciej Rupinski, Eugeniusz Butruk, and Jaroslaw Regula. "Mo1194 A Risk Score to Facilitate Informed Decision-Making About Colonoscopy Screening." Gastroenterology 144, no. 5 (May 2013): S—603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(13)62227-1.

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Maes, Marc A. "Misconceptions and stereotypes regarding experts providing support for risk-informed decision making." Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2019.1615478.

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Smith, Warwick. "The decision support model for risk management." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 37, no. 4 (December 31, 2004): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.37.4.149-155.

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Risk management decisions often demand the allocation of scarce resources in mitigation of different hazards. A quantitative basis for decision-making can be provided by a detailed risk assessment, in which the current risk and those that obtain under proposed projects can be evaluated. The average annual loss, or expected value, is not a useful measure of extreme risk. The conditional expected value, calculated for a series of probability ranges, provides measures of the risk that can be assembled into a decision table so that informed decisions can be made. The conditional expected value can be calculated even when the losses are only available in terms of a cumulative probability function.

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Noonan-Wright, Erin K., Tonja S. Opperman, Mark A. Finney, G. Thomas Zimmerman, Robert C. Seli, Lisa M. Elenz, David E. Calkin, and John R. Fiedler. "Developing the US Wildland Fire Decision Support System." Journal of Combustion 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/168473.

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A new decision support tool, the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS) has been developed to support risk-informed decision-making for individual fires in the United States. WFDSS accesses national weather data and forecasts, fire behavior prediction, economic assessment, smoke management assessment, and landscape databases to efficiently formulate and apply information to the decision making process. Risk-informed decision-making is becoming increasingly important as a means of improving fire management and offers substantial opportunities to benefit natural and community resource protection, management response effectiveness, firefighter resource use and exposure, and, possibly, suppression costs. This paper reviews the development, structure, and function of WFDSS, and how it contributes to increased flexibility and agility in decision making, leading to improved fire management program effectiveness.

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Lowder, Evan M., and Chelsea M. A. Foudray. "Use of Risk Assessments in Pretrial Supervision Decision-Making and Associated Outcomes." Crime & Delinquency 67, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 1765–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00111287211022642.

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Despite the growing use of both pretrial risk assessment and supervision as pretrial reform strategies, there has been limited investigation on the effectiveness of risk assessment-informed pretrial supervision. We conducted a multi-site, retrospective investigation in 1,505 pretrial defendants from four local jurisdictions to examine risk assessment-informed pretrial supervision decisions and associated pretrial misconduct outcomes. Our findings showed pretrial supervision decisions were generally consistent with structured guidelines and defendant risk classifications. Use of bond and electronic monitoring had little impact on pretrial misconduct. However, more frequent pretrial monitoring was associated with higher rates of pretrial misconduct across all risk levels. Reducing supervision conditions and monitoring for low-risk defendants, in particular, may help reduce rates of misconduct in pretrial populations.

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Alblas, Maaike, Maartje Schermer, Yvonne Vergouwe, and Ineke Bolt. "Autonomy Challenges in Epigenetic Risk-Stratified Cancer Screening: How Can Patient Decision Aids Support Informed Consent?" Journal of Personalized Medicine 9, no. 1 (February 18, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm9010014.

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Information of an individual's epigenome can be useful in cancer screening to enable personalised decision making on participation, treatment options and further screening strategies. However, adding this information might result in complex risk predictions on multiple diseases, unsolicited findings and information on (past) environmental exposure and behaviour. This complicates informed consent procedures and may impede autonomous decision-making. In this article we investigate and identify the specific features of epigenetic risk-stratified cancer screening that challenge the current informed consent doctrine. Subsequently we describe current and new informed consent models and the principle of respect for autonomy and argue for a specific informed consent model for epigenetic risk-stratified screening programmes. Next, we propose a framework that guides the development of Patient Decision Aids (PDAs) to support informed consent and promote autonomous choices in the specific context of epigenetic cancer screening programmes.

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MORALES, ROBERTA A., and ROBERT M. McDOWELL. "Risk Assessment and Economic Analysis for Managing Risks to Human Health from Pathogenic Microorganisms in the Food Supply†." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.11.1567.

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Risk managers increasingly face having to justify their decisions in allocating limited resources. These decisions may include prioritizing hazards, determining appropriate levels of safety, and identifying and selecting optimal risk reduction strategies. These decisions require making choices among alterative, choices that may be difficult because they invariably involve trade-offs. Integrating risk assessment and economic analyses can aid decision making by determining the benefits and costs of alterative actions. Risk assessment and economic analysis provide the measurement tools that will facilitate intelligent, informed, risk management and will enable effective and efficient resource allocation decisions.

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Morales-Torres, Adrián, Ignacio Escuder-Bueno, Armando Serrano-Lombillo, and Jesica T. Castillo Rodríguez. "Dealing with epistemic uncertainty in risk-informed decision making for dam safety management." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 191 (November 2019): 106562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2019.106562.

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Beneteau, D., K. Chovan, P. Hughes, and S. Gauthier. "Teaching sustainability-informed decision-making based on high-risk dam failure case study." CIM Journal 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19236026.2020.1819596.

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Siegrist, Michael, Marie-Eve Cousin, and Carmen Keller. "Risk communication, prenatal screening, and prenatal diagnosis: the illusion of informed decision-making." Journal of Risk Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669870701574015.

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Blackburn, Mark R., Art Pyster, Teresa Zigh, Richard Turner, and Robin Dillon-Merrill. "6.5.2 Modeling and Analysis Framework for Risk-Informed Decision Making for FAA NextGen." INCOSE International Symposium 23, no. 1 (June 2013): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2013.tb03027.x.

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Gray, Katherine D., Tamar B. Nobel, Kay See Tan, Meier Hsu, Shi Yan, Valerie Rusch, David R. Jones, Gaetano Rocco, Daniela Molena, and James M. Isbell. "Improved Preoperative Risk Assessment Is Needed to Guide Informed Decision Making Before Esophagectomy." Journal of the American College of Surgeons 229, no. 4 (October 2019): S278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.611.

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Gaha, Mohamed, Bilal Chabane, Dragan Komljenovic, Alain Côté, Claude Hébert, Olivier Blancke, Atieh Delavari, and Georges Abdul-Nour. "Global Methodology for Electrical Utilities Maintenance Assessment Based on Risk-Informed Decision Making." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 9091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169091.

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Abstract:

Modern electrical power utilities must deal with the replacement of large portions of their assets as they reach the end of their useful life. Their assets may also become obsolete due to technological changes or due to reaching their capacity limits. Major upgrades are also often necessary due to the need to grow capacity or because of the transition to more efficient and carbon-free power alternatives. Consequently, electrical power utilities are exposed to significant risks and uncertainties that have mostly external origins. In this context, an effective framework should be developed and implemented to maximize value from assets, ensure sustainable operations and deliver adequate customer service. Recent developments show that combining the concepts of asset management and resilience offers strong potential for such a framework—not only for electrical utilities, but for industry, too. Given that the quality and continuity of service are critical factors, the concept of Value of Lost Load (VoLL) is an important indicator for assessing the value of undelivered electrical energy due to planned or unplanned outages. This paper presents a novel approach for integrating the power grid reliability simulator into a holistic framework for asset management and electrical power utility resilience. The proposed approach provides a sound foundation for Risk-Informed Decision Making in asset management. Among other things, it considers asset performance as well as the impact of both current grid topology and customer profiles on grid reliability and VoLL. A case study on a major North American electrical power utility demonstrates the applicability of the proposed methodology in assessing maintenance strategy.

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YING, Fei J., Suzanne WILKINSON, and Jim CORNER. "CHALLENGES TO SEISMIC REHABILITATION DECISION PROCESS IN NEW ZEALAND: A FOCUS OF DECISION ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 20, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2016.1190419.

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Implementing seismic rehabilitation requires a substantial investment for substandard building owners. Seismic retrofitting can significantly reduce earthquake damages to the built environment and thus decrease the risk posing to the public and the community. However, many countries with active seismic zones, including New Zealand, experience slow progress of seismic retrofit. This paper examines the decision environment which has significant impact on stakeholders’ behaviours, to identify challenges in seismic rehabilitation decision-making. A qualitative approach was adopted with semi-structured interviews. A selection of building owners, government officials, and practical professionals involved in seismic retrofitting decision-making were interviewed. Major challenges identified by the interview results include various options, diverse considerations, assorted stakeholders, conflicting multiple objectives, and unaided decision making process. The inconsistency in expectation of whether building owners have sufficient aid in decision-making process offers plausible explanation regarding the key impediment to successful seismic rehabilitation decisions. A decision-making model is thus a necessity to assist building owners making an informed decision.

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