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Duba, Peter. "Risk Management Integration and Corporate Governance." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3625.
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Diplomová práce zkoumá nejdřív funkci a posléze proces řízení rizik v rámci banky z hlediska zejména neoinstitucionální a behaviorální finanční teorie. Nejdřív je analyzována náplň funkce řízení rizik v kontextu maximalizace hodnoty banky. Je dokázáno, že specifický kontext bankovnictví vyžaduje zohledňování celkového rizika aktivit místo pouhé korelace se systematickým rizikem. Rovněž je třeba zohledňovat preference všech stakeholdrů banky a nejenom jejích vlastníků. Z tohoto důvodu se práce dále zaměřuje na trend směřující k integrovanému řízení rizik, který odpovídá na tyto potřeby. Analyzovány jsou zejména koncepty ekonomického kapitálu a podnikového řízení rizik (ERM). V další části práce je zkoumáno smysluplné začlenění procesu řízení rizik v rámci organizační struktury banky v kontextu konfliktních cílů maximalizace zisku a minimalizace rizika. Nesprávné propojení s ostatními bankovními procesy představuje jeden z hlavním problémů efektivního fungování řízení rizik obecně, jako i překážku při implementaci konceptu integrovaného řízení rizik v bankovní praxi. Je ukázáno, že funkce řízení musí mít na jedné straně dosah na strategické řízení banky, na druhé straně musí být transcendentní přes celou strukturu banky. Tyto shledání jsou konfrontovány s bankovní praxí v rámci případové studie.
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Kausch, Christoph. "A risk-benefit perspective on early customer integration." Bamberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1962-5.
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Montandon, Pascal. "Integration von Markt- und Kreditrisiken." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02603348001/$FILE/02603348001.pdf.
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Karmann, Franz. "Kalkulation barwertiger Risikoprämien unter Integration von Adressenausfall- und Residualrisiken." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-118600.
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Ziel der Arbeit ist - ausgehend vom Kreditrisikotransfers von internationalen Konsortialkrediten - die Darstellung der Kalkulation barwertiger Kreditrisikoprämien unter Integration von
Adressenausfall- und Residualrisiken. Zentrale Aspekte sind die Identifizierung, Bewertung und
Integration von Residualrisiken. Residualrisiken entstehen im Spannungsfeld des Risikotransfers zwischen Kreditgeber (=Risikogeber) und Risikonehmer. Das Adressenausfallrisiko ist der Kernbestandteil des integrierten Kalkulationsmodells. Basierend auf dem versicherungstechnischen Modell zur Kalkulation des Adressenausfallrisikos werden die Bestandteile erwarteter und unerwarteter Verlust berücksichtigt. Das integrierte
Kalkulationsmodell hat die Nachhaltigkeit des Risikotransfers als Nebenbedingung. Die faire Risikoprämie, die als Summe aus erwartetem Verlust, unerwartetem Verlust und auf den Risikonehmer entfallenden Residualrisiken berechnet wird, muss der Risikogeber aus der „all-in“
Marge des Konsortialkredites bedienen.
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Bashiru, Iginla Inumidun. "Integration of risk assessment in oil and gas project." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13567.
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Konradsson, Richard, and Theodor Porss. "Stock market integration between the BRICS countries : Long-term investment opportunities." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158655.
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This paper investigates the long-term diversification opportunities that exists for global investors among the BRICS nations. It analyzes how risk-averse investors can allocate funds between the countries in order to maximize the expected return in relation to the overall risk. It utilizes an empirical cointegration approach in tandem with modern portfolio theory during the time period 1999-2019. The empirical results of cointegration that is found supports the suggestion that the BRICS markets have a stable risk-premium between each other and that they all share similar systematic risk factors. The results further support the construction of a portfolio solely compromising of stocks from four out of the five BRICS markets, since then they do not share any long-run co-movements with each other. Moreover, the markets of Brazil, India, China and South Africa are strong candidates for reducing portfolio risk without sacrificing the adjusted portfolio return. The results also indicate several causal relationships between the nations, with China as the main driving force. This suggest that shocks in the Chinese market will spread and effect the rest of the BRICS markets, either directly or through one of the other markets. This is important knowledge for global policy-makers since China could be affected by markets outside the co-operation and subsequently transfer it to the rest of the BRICS markets. Since the countries accounts approximately 25 % of the global GDP, policy-makers must act with great care before implementing economic policies against China, since the consequences can have a much larger and wider effect than they anticipate.
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Ibanez, David Marques. "On the banking capital in Europe and its relationship with risk and efficiency." Thesis, Bangor University, 2001. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/on-the-banking-capital-in-europe-and-its-relationship-with-risk-and-efficiency(5f00939e-cee4-4742-bb0f-3c7093c1ab0e).html.
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This thesis examines the capital, risk and efficiency relationship in European banking in the 1990s. The topic is particularly relevant in the European context, as the ongoing process of increased financial integration is enhancing competition and emphasising the importance of efficiency. Yet, these factors could also increase incentives for bank risk-taking. In this environment, bank capital has become a focal point of bank regulation as the primary means for limiting risk taking by banks. The empirical analysis conducted builds on the earlier US work by Kwan and Eisenbeis (1997) and Berger and De Young (1997). We developed the aforementioned approaches by including market measures of bank risk, as well as including proxies accounting for charter value, and profit efficiency in a model evaluating the determinants of European bank capital. A positive effect of inefficiency on bank risk-taking, and also of inefficiency on higher leverage were found, supporting the moral hazard hypothesis. The latter implies that inefficient banks are more likely to have more incentives towards risk taking. In addition, excessive rates of loan growth are found to have a negative effect on banking risk and efficiency. This supports the hypothesis that due to agency problems entrenched managers may pursue a growth objective, which may damage both the risk and efficiency position of the institution. The empirical model results show a positive effect of risk on capital probably indicating regulators' preference for capital, as a means of restricting risktaking activities. Finally, as in most studies analysing the determinants of bank efficiency, capital is found to affect positively the efficiency of banks. The empirical results of this research concord with earlier US work by Kwan and Eisenbeis (1997) and Berger and De Young (1997). Overall, the results presented in this thesis suggest that moral hazard incentives may be playing an important role increasing systematic risk in European banking.
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Gierend, Albert. "Integration of Risk and Multiple Objectives inPriority Setting for Agricultural Research." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14460.
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Prioritätensetzung in der Agrarforschung ist ein komplexes Entscheidungsproblem angesichts der Unsicherheit in der Abschätzung der erwarteten Wirkungen von Forschung und Technologien und den vielfältigen sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Zielen, die mit der Generierung von Wissen und neuen Technologien in landwirtschaftlichen Forschungsinstitutionen in Entwicklungsländern verbunden sind. Diese Arbeit versucht durch die Anwendung von formalen und quantitativen Evaluierungs- und Entscheidungsmethoden mit der besonderen Berücksichtigung von Unsicherheit und multiplen Zielen einen Beitrag zur Methodenverbesserung in der Prioritätensetzung zu leisten. Zur Darstellung dieser Methoden wurde als Fallstudie das nationale Milchviehforschungsprogramm des "Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute" (KARI) ausgewählt. Gegenstand der Analyse sind 19 geplante Forschungsprojekte, die anhand eines stochastischen Evaluierungsansatzes ("Economic Surplus" und Monte Carlo Simulation) hinsichtlich ihrer ökonomischen Wirkungen auf den kenianischen Milchmarkt untersucht wurden. Die Evaluierungsergebnisse der Forschungsprojekte und anschließende Bewertung anhand verschiedener stochastischer Dominanztests zeigen, daß die Ableitung einer klaren Präferenzstruktur und Rangordnung innerhalb der Projekte nach ökonomischen Kriterien, z.B. Gegenwartswert und Kosten-Nutzenrelation, in vielen Fällen nicht möglich ist, sondern vielmehr von den unterstellten Risikopräferenzen abhängt. Dies bedeutet, daß aus der Sicht eines Planers eine differenzierte und vorsichtige Interpretation und Beratung des Forschungsmanagements vorzunehmen ist. Dies steht im Gegensatz zu einer deterministischen Investitionsanalyse. Mehrere mathematische Programmierungsmodelle wurden zur Analyse von multiplen Zielen, der Untersuchung der Wirkungen von Verteilungsaspekten und unterschiedlicher Risikopräferenzen auf die Zusammensetzung eines optimalen Forschungsportfolios entwickelt und angewandt. Obwohl in den meisten Fällen eine Änderung der Risikoeinstellung auch eine Änderung des optimalen Portfolios bewirken würde, sind die ökonomischen Unterschiede gemessen am Gegenwartswert der alternativen Portfolios unbedeutend. Die Analyse der Zielkonflikte zwischen Effizienz- und Verteilungsziel wurde unter zwei unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln für das Verteilungsziel untersucht: zum einen als räumliche und regionale Allokation des Forschungsnutzens, und zum anderen zwischen kenianischen Konsumenten und Produzenten von Milch. Aus den Modellergebnissen wird deutlich, daß eine spezielle Förderung von Produzenten- sowie Konsumenteninteressen nur beschränkt möglich ist, d.h. die jeweiligen Planungsoptionen nur geringe Umverteilungswirkungen erzielen. Ganz anders stellt sich die Situation bei einer regionalen Differenzierung dar. Dort würden je nach relativer Bedeutung einzelner Regionen starke Umverteilungswirkungen in den regionalen Einkommen auftreten. Allerdings sind diese Optionen im Vergleich zu einer "neutralen", d.h. regional indifferenten Ausrichtung mit großen Effizienzverlusten verbunden.<br>Priority setting in agricultural research is a complex decision making problem due to the inherent uncertainty surrounding the impact of research activities and the multiple social and economic research objectives under which research institutions in developing countries have to operate. This study attempts to apply formal and quantitative evaluation and decision making methods for a more rigorous and explicit analysis of the uncertainty and multiple research objectives. These methods are illustrated by applying them to a priority setting exercise for the National Dairy Research Program of the Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) conducted in 1996. A set of 19 planned dairy research projects was proposed and specified by KARI scientists and the economic impact assessed based on a stochastic evaluation framework using economic surplus methods and Monte Carlo simulation. Results show that comparing these projects by stochastic dominance criteria with respect to the expected net present value and cost-benefit ratio the final rank order is very much subject to assumed risk preferences of the decision- makers. Thus, decision advice on the type of prioritised projects for implementation and fund raising is much less clear-cut than a deterministic evaluation would suggest. Mathematical programming techniques were applied to analyse the trade-off between multiple research objectives, to examine the distributional consequences of research, and to explore how different risk strategies (from risk aversion to risk proneness) would affect the selection of a optimal research portfolio from the planned dairy research projects. Although risk has a strong bearing on the composition of a research portfolio for various different funding levels the economic implications are not significant in terms of net present value. In a Multiple-objective programming framework the trade-off between efficiency and equity was examined. Equity concern was looked at two different angles: first, by a spatial distribution of the research benefits, and second by the distributions among consumer and producer groups. Results show a limited scope of directing the dairy research plan either for the sake of consumers or producers while the scope of targeting different production zones in Kenya is much larger although the trade-offs in terms of foregone welfare between different zones are very pronounced.
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Schneider, Ian Michael. "Electricity market integration of stochastic renewable resources : efficiency and risk tradeoffs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108958.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.<br>Thesis: S.M. in Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-57).<br>Electricity generation from renewable sources is growing rapidly, but the variability and uncertainty of renewable resources like wind and solar energy can increase the costs of supplying reliable electricity. Competitive markets for wholesale electricity are widely used in the United States, but the regulatory details that govern their treatment of stochastic resources can have significant effects on efficiency and risk. This research analyzes how producers respond to market mechanisms intended to improve forecasting and long-term siting decisions. This thesis characterizes producer equilibrium strategies in competitive short term energy markets by examining the bidding behavior of energy market participants when energy imbalance payments are determined endogenously from market clearing conditions. The results show that the market-based pricing mechanism leads to better tradeoffs of system efficiency and risk compared to the case where penalties are exogenous, suggesting additional benefits of market-based penalty prices beyond those previously studied. This research also explores how long-term market investment equilibria are affected by current energy policies. It presents new analytical results showing how the Production Tax Credit (PTC) biases wind investment towards high-producing sites, but with higher overall levels of wind correlation, which can induce additional costs associated with reliability and system risk.<br>by Ian Michael Schneider.<br>S.M. in Technology and Policy<br>S.M. in Electrical Engineering
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Le, Nguyen minh phuong. "Three Essays on Banking Integration in ASEAN Banking Integration in ASEAN-6: An empirical investigation Banking Integration: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis Banking Integration and Market Competition Evidence from ASEAN-6 countries Banking Integration and Stability: The Trade-off between Risk Sharing and Contagion Risk." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASI002.
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L'intégration bancaire a été une source de financement importante pour le processus de redressement des économies de l'ASEAN ces dernières années. Ces liens bancaires apportent de nombreux avantages vitaux, notammentsous la forme d'une diversification pour les banques et d'un partage des risques, mais ils ont aussi des coûts potentiels en termes de risques de contagion. Il n'est donc pas surprenant que les liens financiers, et en particulier les liens en matière de prêts bancaires, soient identifiés comme l'un des principaux canaux de transmission de la dernière crise des économies avancées vers cette région. Alors que de nombreuses recherches ont été menées dans les pays développés,, très peu d’entre elles se sont intéressées aux pays émergents, en particulier l’ASEAN. Cette thèse vise à étudier l'intégration bancaire dans les pays de l'ASEAN, en se concentrant sur plusieurs dimensions : mesures, déterminants, concurrence et stabilité. Cette thèse présente d'abord des mesures étendues de l'ouverture bancaire et du degré global équilibré d'intégration bancaire par les flux de capitaux ; elle met ensuite en évidence les principaux moteurs de l'intégration bancaire dans l'ASEAN, tels que la qualité réglementaire, la taille des banques et le risque de crédit global. Ensuite, par un modèle polynomial et un modèle à seuil, cette étude examine les effets non linéaires et hétérogènes de l'intégration bancaire sur la concurrence bancaire dans les pays de l'ASEAN. Troisièmement, le compromis entre les possibilités de partage des risques et le risque de contagion des liens bancaires a été analysé en testant comment trois aspects de l'intégration bancaire affectent la stabilité du système bancaire de l'ASEAN. Enfin, certaines suggestions concernant les implications politiques essentielles pour les autorités régionales sont examinées à la lumière des résultats, notamment dans le contexte de la Communauté économique de l'ASEAN<br>Banking integration has been a significant source of finance for the catching-up process of ASEAN economies in recent years. These banking linkages bring many vital benefits, perhaps most prominently in the form of diversification for banks and risk-sharing, but also have potential costs in terms of contagion risks. Therefore, it is not surprising that financial linkages and in particular bank lending ties have been identified as one of the main channels of transmission of the latest crisis from advanced economies to this area. While numerous research has been carried out in developed countries, there is very little research focusing on emerging markets, especially in ASEAN. This thesis aims to investigate the banking integration in ASEAN countries, focusing on several dimensions: measures, determinants, competition, and stability. This thesis first introduces extended measures of banking openness and the overall balanced degree of banking integration through capital flows; then highlights the main drivers of the banking integration in ASEAN, such as regulatory quality, bank size, and the global credit risk. Secondly, by a polynomial model and a threshold model, this study investigates the nonlinear and heterogeneous effects of banking integration on banking competition in ASEAN countries. Thirdly, the trade-off between risk-sharing possibilities and contagion risk of banking linkages was analyzed by testing how three aspects of banking integration affect the ASEAN banking system's stability. Finally, some suggestions about essential policy implications for regional authorities are discussed with the findings, especially in the context of the ASEAN Economic Community
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Vogt, Ralf. "Exploring enabling factors for purchasing integration into the innovation process in a German medium-sized system integrator of consumer electronics products." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2016. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3840/.
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The generation of attractive innovations is one of the most important and complex tasks companies undertake, the process of open innovation is being used to support this endeavour. SMEs often face difficulties applying and commercialising external sources’ technologies for their own purposes due to liability of smallness and related lack of capability of co-ordination. In particular, small and medium-sized system integrators of electronic consumer products (SIs) are (1) highly dependent on close collaboration with external organisations, (2) have to cope with turbulent technology markets, and have to manage (3) the continuous shortening of innovation cycles. These factors necessitate small and mediumsized SIs of electronic consumer products to increase their dynamic capability to innovate, which subsequently forms the basis for the SIs’ sustainable competitiveness. The effective embedding of the Purchasing Organisation (PO) into the innovation outside-in process can potentially become a major driver in improving the overall innovation process and company performance. However, given academic research does not provide sufficient insight concerning relevant Enabling Factors (EFs) and related drivers. Therefore, academics allude to a demand for further research in the field of early purchasing involvement in the innovation process. In addition, purchasing practitioners point to the low maturity of Purchasing Organisations with regard to securing innovations. To explore relevant Enabling Factors for purchasing integration into the innovation process, the qualitative study design was based on an embedded case study inquiry with multiple units of analysis. Data collection and analysis was realised through a sequential qualitative quantitative mixedmethod approach. For this reason, interviews were conducted with 7 purchasing experts from the medium-sized German television set manufacturer Loewe. To obtain insights as to the generalisability of the findings, a purposive selected sample of 11 purchasing experts from other SIs with high dependency on innovation suppliers were interviewed via webbased questionnaires. The study identified: EF1: External Interconnectedness EF2: Preferred Customer status Process EF3: Management Commitment to the PO EF4: External Interconnectedness EF5: Early Integration into Product Planning EF6: Degree of Professionalisation of the PO EF7: Innovation Management System and EF8: Open-minded Relations based on Trust as a relevant Enabling Factor. Furthermore, the study suggests direct relations between the EFs and 32 drivers that are formative to the related Enabling Factors. Based on the study findings, 14 strategic measures were defined via focus group interviews. In this way, the study contributes to given academic knowledge in the field of early purchasing involvement into new product development processes (NPD). With regard to such new product development processes, this study suggests integrating the PO, as a third element, into the R&D and marketing interface.
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Zhang, Kai, and Chanat Preechawipat. "Supplier Information Integration for Mitigating Supply Risk in Chinese and Thai Manufacturing Industries." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19599.
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Background: Supply risk becomes a crucial risk that manufacturing companies are facing while supplier information integration is one of the most important parts of supply chain management and supplier integration. The research based on the relationship between them is rarely found. Purpose: To find, describe, and compare the significant relationship of supplier information integration and supply risk and identify whether supplier information integration can help to mitigate supply risk in Chinese and Thai manufacturing industries. Methods: In order to answer the research questions, the search of the relevant literatures were carried out. The theoretical frame was made of basic concepts, approaches of supplier information integration, and sources of supply risk. The questionnaire was designed based on the theoretical framework and sent out among Chinese and Thai listed manufacturing companies. The correlation analysis was carried out as the main approach to check the significant relationships while the descriptive statistics were used to described, compared, and analyzed in order to indentify the level of SII and perception of supply risk. Conclusion: The level of supplier information integration and the perception of supply risk showed differences in Chinese and Thai manufacturers. Chinese manufacturing industry was at medium level of IT and share tactical and strategic information with suppliers with a concern on suppliers’ suppliers while the Thai manufacturing industry was at low level of IT and shared only tactical information with suppliers with very less concern on suppliers’ suppliers. Chinese manufacturers showed an obvious lower perception of getting affected by terrorist incidents and natural disasters while Thai manufacturers showed the same perception of all sources of supply risk. The results indicated that most of relationships between the sub items of supplier information integration and supply risk were not significant with some special cases that showed small and medium relationships. The contribution and suggestion were concluded at the end.
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Rancoita, Elena [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Adam. "Essays on Risk, Financial Integration and Learning / Elena Rancoita. Betreuer: Klaus Adam." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074102576/34.
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Naylor, Patrick Joseph. "A generic risk and protection integration model in the unified modelling language." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420076.
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Tai, Chu-Sheng. "Three essays on international asset pricing : foreign exchange risk and market integration." Connect to resource, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261312002.
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Spielmann-Benson, Gloria. "Risk and Resilience: a Multimodal Neuroimaging Integration in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20348.
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Der Alterungsprozess ist mit einem breiten Spektrum von Veränderungen der Gehirnstruktur und -funktion, sowie altersbedingter kognitiver Verschlechterung und pathologischer Neurodegeneration verbunden. Jahrelange Forschungen haben gezeigt, dass Pathologien wie neurofibrilläre Bündel, Amyloid Ablagerungen (Aβ) und zerebrovaskuläre Störungen zur Abnahme der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit im Alter und bei der Alzheimer Demenz (AD) beitragen. Jüngste Forschungsergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass bestimmte Lebensstilfaktoren die Fähigkeit, mit Pathologien umzugehen, fördern. Hierbei handelt es sich um die sogenannten Resilienzfaktoren. Im Gegensatz dazu stehen die Risikofaktoren, welche die Vulnerabilität für kognitive Verschlechterung und Neurodegeneration erhöhen und diese Prozesse beschleunigen können. Diese Arbeit exploriert Risiko- und Resilienzfaktoren in einem breiten Spektrum von Probanden, von kognitiv normalen älteren Menschen über Personen mit leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung bis hin zu Personen mit klinischer AD mittels einer holistischen Integration behavioraler Messungen und Markern multimodaler Neurobildgebung. Basierend auf vier Studien untersucht diese Dissertation die Assoziation von AD und zerebrovaskulärer Störungen, funktioneller Konnektivitätsnetzwerke und Kognition in einem gepoolten Datensatz bestehend aus 645 Individuen. Zusammenfassend erweitern die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Dissertation die Literatur zu Resilienz- und Risikofaktoren im Kontext gesunden Alterns und AD, indem sie eine holistische Integration der komplexen Mechanismen während des Alterungsprozesses liefert.<br>Aging alone is associated with a wide range of alterations in brain structure and function as well as age-associated cognitive decline and pathological neurodegeneration. Years of research have shown that brain pathology such as neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid deposition (Aβ), and cerebrovascular pathology contribute to decline of cognitive functions in aging and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Recent research has pointed out that certain lifestyle factors contribute to the ability to cope with pathology, known as resilience factors, while in contrast, risk factors can accelerate and increase the vulnerability towards cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.
This work explores risk and resilience factors across a diverse spectrum of participants ranging from cognitively intact older adults, to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and clinical AD with a holistic integration of behavioral measures and multimodal neuroimaging markers. Based on four studies this dissertation investigates the association of AD and cerebrovascular pathology, functional connectivity networks and cognition in a pooled data set of 645 individuals.
In summary, our results shed light on the diverse mechanistic underpinning of functional brain networks, hinting at the complex interplay between the brain’s functionality at-rest and the multiple pathological processes. Overall, these findings extend the literature on the resilience and risk factors in the context of healthy aging and AD, while providing a holistic integration of the complex mechanisms at play during the aging process.
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Amaral, Marcelo Francisco. "Integration of Dynamic Line Rating within a Risk-Based Security Assessment Framework." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-337880.
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The following work applies Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) to a Risk-Based SecurityAssessment (RBSA) methodology with the ultimate goal to perform day-aheadforecastanalysis. DLR quantifies transmission capacities of overhead lines whilst beingdependent on ambient conditions. It takes into account variations in its surroundings,therefore making DLR less conservative compared to the traditional worst-casescenario oriented Static Line Rating (SLR). Applying DLR to overhead transmissionlines (OHLs) entails different spans of potential benefits for solving grid exhaustionproblems due to crescent electrical consumptions.The RBSA methodology allows for the assessment of security of power systemoperations in a future state under uncertainties that arise from contingencies andforecast errors, e.g., loads or renewable infeeds. The methodology models inputuncertainty with a copula integration with Monte-Carlo (MC) sampling framework.Several case-studies are executed for the assessment of DLR impacts, especiallycomparing them to SLR through the evaluation of system risk. Two case-studies areperformed for a specific time of the day, one analyzing risk and ratings and the otherconcerning system impacts upon evolution of system forecast uncertainty (SFU) tovalues above day-ahead analysis usual intervals. The following two cases are theextensions to 24 point analyses, with the same goal, although more generalized. Thefinal case study analyzes the economical impact of DLR applications and assesses analternative system configuration behavior. This alternative setup is in constantcomparison with the original configuration used throughout the project, advantagesand drawbacks of both configurations are discussed. Finally, success of thisintegration and assessment of impact and methodology is addressed in the end.
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Howard, Sarah Katherine. "Teacher change: Individual and cultural risk perceptions in the context of ICT integration." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5340.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>This study investigates teachers’ perceptions of risk and risk-taking behaviours in the context of ICT-related educational change. Perceptions and behaviours are examined through teachers’ talk about risk: their individual perceptions of risk-taking, and how perceptions relate to risk perceptions in the wider school culture. When teachers implement new teaching practices and experiment in the classroom they are taking risks. Without the risk-taking, change is not possible. The research presented in this thesis examines teachers’ perceptions of risk in the area of ICT integration – utilizing ICT in the classroom to support student learning effectively. The research was carried out in Australia and the United States. A two-phase, mixed-method strategy was employed in the study. The first phase was primarily questionnaire-based, and captured data from both secondary and primary-level teachers, concerning aspects of teaching-efficacy, computer-efficacy, measures of playfulness & anxiety, and school culture. This phase made it possible to explore some of the relationships between these variables, develop and test instrumentation to distinguish between more and less risk-averse teachers and then select some contrasting teachers for further investigation. Phase two involved observation of these eight teachers’ teaching, several rounds of in-depth interviews, and the gathering of field notes from school visits. The thesis shows that risk-taking needs to be understood as an interaction between personal (teacher) and cultural (school) variables. Findings revealed that a primary area of concern in teachers’ perceptions of risk was risk to student achievement. Teachers who showed more potential to take risks talked about student achievement in terms of intrinsic motivation and engagement, while teachers with less potential to take risks saw achievement in terms of quantifiable results and test scores. Depending on a teacher’s risk-taking habits, perceived risks had more or less impact on the decision to integrate ICT into the classroom. Risk-taking behaviours related to teachers’ perceptions of the teacher role and school expectations of ICT-integration. Teachers’ risk perceptions proved to be related to their school’s cultural type, categorized using a grid-group typology. The two case study schools were found to be hierarchical cultures. In hierarchical cultures, technology is viewed as low-risk, as long as the manner in which it is used is approved by an expert. The findings have significant implications for the introduction of new technologies into school cultures, particularly in relation to the impact of school leadership and trust when schools are introducing ICT-related change initiatives.
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Howard, Sarah K. "Teacher change individual and cultural risk perceptions in the context of ICT integration /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5340.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2006.<br>Title from title screen (viewed 20 August 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the CoCo Research Centre, Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney. Degree awarded 2009; thesis submitted 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Okhulkova, Tatiana. "Integration of uncertainty and definition of critical thresholds for CO2 storage risk assessment." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC021/document.
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L'objectif principal de la thèse est de définir comment l'incertitude peut être prise en compte dans leprocessus d'évaluation des risques pour le stockage de CO2 et de quantifier, à l'aide de modèles numériques,les scénarios de fuite par migration latérale et à travers la couverture. Les scénarios choisis sont quantifiéspar l'approche de modélisation de système pour laquelle des modèles numériques prédictifs ad-hoc sontdéveloppés. Une étude probabiliste de propagation d'incertitude paramétrique par un méta-modèle depolynômes de chaos est réalisée. La problématique de la prise en compte de la variabilité spatiale comme unesource d'incertitude est éclairée et une étude comparative entre représentations homogène et hétérogène de laperméabilité est fournie<br>The main goal of the thesis is to define how the uncertainty can be accounted for in the process of riskassessment for CO2 storage and to quantify by means of numerical models the scenarii of leakage by lateralmigration and through the caprock. The chosen scenarii are quantified using the system modeling approachfor which ad-hoc predictive numerical models are developed. A probabilistic parametric uncertaintypropagation study using polynomial chaos expansion is performed. Matters of spatial variability are alsodiscussed and a comparison between homogeneous and heterogeneous representations of permeability isprovided
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Dashti, Hossein, and Hossein Dashti. "Risk-Averse Optimization and its Applications in Power Grids with Renewable Energy Integration." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625660.
Full textAbstract:
Electric power is one of the most critical parts of everyday life; from lighting, heating,
and cooling homes to powering televisions and computers. The modern power grids
face several challenges such as efficiency, sustainability, and reliability. Increase in
electrical energy demand, distributed generations, integration of uncertain renewable
energy resources, and demand side management are among the main underlying reasons
of such growing complexity. Additionally, the elements of power systems are
often vulnerable to failures because of many reasons, such as system limits, poor
maintenance, human errors, terrorist/cyber attacks, and natural phenomena. One
common factor complicating the operation of electrical power systems is the underlying
uncertainties from the demands, supplies and failures of system components.
Stochastic optimization approaches provide mathematical frameworks for decision
making under uncertainty. It enables a decision maker to incorporate some knowledge
of the uncertainty into the decision making process to find an optimal trade
off between cost and risk. In this dissertation, we focus on application of three risk-averse
approaches to power systems modeling and optimization. Particularly, we
develop models and algorithms addressing the cost-effectiveness and reliability issues
in power grids with integrations of renewable energy resources.
First, we consider a unit commitment problem for centralized hydrothermal systems
where we study improving reliability of such systems under water inflow uncertainty.
We present a two-stage robust mixed-integer model to find optimal unit
commitment and economic dispatch decisions against extreme weather conditions
such as drought years. Further, we employ time series analysis (specifically vector
autoregressive models) to construct physical based uncertainty sets for water inflow
into the reservoirs. Since extensive formulation is impractical to solve for moderate size networks we develop an efficient Benders' decomposition algorithm to solve this problem. We present the numerical results on real-life case study showing the
effectiveness of the model and the proposed solution method.
Next, we address the cost effectiveness and reliability issues considering the integration
of solar energy in distributed (decentralized) generation (DG) such as microgrids.
In particular, we consider optimal placement and sizing of DG units as
well as long term generation planning to efficiently balance electric power demand
and supply. However, the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources such as
solar irradiance imposes several difficulties in decision making process. We propose
two-stage stochastic programming model with chance constraints to control the risk
of load shedding (i.e., power shortage) in distributed generation. We take advantage
of another time series modeling approach known as autoregressive integrated moving
average (ARIMA) model to characterize the uncertain solar irradiance more accurately.
Additionally, we develop a combined sample average approximation (SAA)
and linearization techniques to solve the problem more efficiently. We examine the
proposed framework with numerical tests on a radial network in Arizona.
Lastly, we address the robustness of strategic networks including power grids and
airports in general. One of the key robustness requirements is the connectivity between
each pair of nodes through a sufficiently short path, which makes a network
cluster more robust with respect to potential disruptions such as man-made or natural
disasters. If one can reinforce the network components against future threats, the goal
is to determine optimal reinforcements that would yield a cluster with minimum risk
of disruptions. We propose a risk-averse model where clusters represents a R-robust
2-club, which by definition is a subgraph with at least R node/edge disjoint paths
connecting each pair of nodes, where each path consists of at most 2 edges. And,
develop a combinatorial branch-and-bound algorithm to compare with an equivalent
mathematical programming approach on random and real-world networks.
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Magnusson, Bernard Kristin. "Remittances, regions and risk sharing." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-963.
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This thesis in economics includes three self-contained papers united by a common theme: the importance of economic fluctuations within and between countries for capital flows and risk sharing inside and across national borders. The first two papers study the determinants of workers’ remittances, as well as the consequences for macroeconomic volatility for the countries that receive them, using econometric methods and a general equilibrium model. The third paper studies whether two challenges to international real business cycle models, the so called ”Quantity Puzzle” and the positive relationship between financial integration and output correlations, obtain for European countries and regions. As a second step, it also investigates multilateral channels for risk sharing.<br>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2010. Sammanfattning jämte 3 uppsatser.
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Reis, Felipe Alves. "Essays on the role of contagion and integration in international issues of South America." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22997.
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REIS, Felipe Alves. Essays on the role of contagion and integration in international issues of South America. Tese (doutorado). Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós Graduação em Economia, CAEN, Fortaleza, 2017. 93f.<br>Submitted by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2017-06-02T18:24:39Z
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Previous issue date: 2017<br>The emerging economies of South America commonly attract the attention of researchers,
even if for punctually different reasons among the economies in question. These economies
include the strong Chilean financial market, the consolidated domestic demand of the
Brazilian population, the Argentine anti-democratic convergence, the process of internal
pacification in Colombia, or even the high growth rates of the Peruvian economy. In addition
to this, we highlight the results of Matos, Siqueira & Trompieri (2014) that show the existence
of a high level of integration and the financial contagion among the indices of Brazil,
Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Peru and Venezuela. In light of these evidences, this thesis
presents three essays on financial and economic data from Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile
and Peru. In the first essay, we analyze the risk market of these economies using the Value at
Risck - VaR conditional methodology, in which the critical value that characterizes the VaR is
associated to the distribution that presents the best fitting, and we incorporate the effects of
the mean and the volatility, both conditional, obtained by the best-specified ARMA-GARCH
model, showing that the best fitting conditional models have a smaller number of violations.
The second essay presents the analysis of international reserves, conceptually following the
notions of the Buffer Stock methodology, but considering the significant cross-effects of
conditional volatilities, their respective spreads and intra-block importation. The results point
to both a significant improvement in the explanatory power of the model and that the
Brazilian reserves are the least affected by South American economies. In the last essay, we
analyze some diversified portfolio options available to a Brazilian investor, who faces a
scenario with no opportunities in the financial market, with the purpose of measuring gains
with diversification of the position acquired in the South American market indices vis-à-vis
the domestic portfolio. The results show the possibility that simple and non-dynamic portfolio
composition strategies, composed only of indexes of the markets of the neighboring countries
of Brazil, translate into very satisfactory results in terms of expected gain and risk.<br>As economias emergentes da América do Sul atraem comumente a atenção de pesquisadores,
mesmo que por razões pontualmente distintas entre as economias em questão. Dentre essas
economias pode-se destacar o sólido mercado financeiro chileno, a consolidada demanda
interna da população brasileira, a convergência antidemocrática argentina, o processo de
pacificação interna colombiana, ou mesmo as elevadas taxas de crescimento da economia
peruana. Adicionalmente a isso, ressaltamos os resultados de Matos, Siqueira & Trompieri
(2014) que evidenciam a existência de um elevado nível de integração e o contágio financeiro
entre os índices do Brasil, Argentina, Colômbia, Chile, Peru e Venezuela. À luz dessas
evidências, essa tese faz três ensaios acerca de dados financeiros e econômicos do Brasil,
Argentina, Colômbia, Chile e Peru. No primeiro ensaio faz-se a análise do mercado de risco
dessas economias através da metodologia Value at Risck - VaR condicional, onde o valor
crítico que caracteriza o VaR foi associado à distribuição que apresentar melhor fitting e
incorporamos os efeitos da média e da volatilidade, ambas condicionais, obtidas pelo
arcabouço ARMA-GARCH mais bem especificado. Onde observa-se que os modelos
condicionais best fitting tem uma menor quantidade de violações. No segundo ensaio, buscou
a análise das reservas internacionais seguindo conceitualmente noções da metodologia Buffer
Stock, porém considerando os efeitos cruzados significativos das volatilidades condicionais,
dos respectivos spreads e das importações intrablocos. Os resultados apontam uma melhoria
significativa no poder explicação do modelo e que as reservas brasileiras são a menos afetadas
pelas economias da América do Sul. No último ensaio foi analisado as opções de carteiras
diversificadas disponíveis para um investidor brasileiro, que enfrenta um cenário livre de
oportunidades no mercado financeiro, com o objetivo de mensurar ganhos com diversificação
da posição adquirida nos índices de mercado da América do Sul vis-à-vis um carteira
doméstica. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade que estratégias de composição de carteira
simples e não dinâmica, composta somente de índices dos mercados dos países vizinhos do
Brasil, se traduzam em resultados muito satisfatórios em termos de ganho e risco esperados.
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Baumgartner, Nicolas Jacques. "Credit Risk Management in Islamic Banks integration of a new paradigm in Swiss regulation /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02601243001/$FILE/02601243001.pdf.
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Harwood, Ian Alexander. "Developing scenarios for post-merger and acquisition integration : a grounded theory of 'risk bartering'." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/35964/.
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Whilst recent evidence suggests that the fifth ‘wave’ of global merger and acquisition (M&A) activity is coming to an abrupt end, the growth of M&A activity continued apace throughout the last decade of the twentieth century, with the year 2000 seeing an unprecedented US$3.5 trillion worth of deals worldwide (The Economist, January 25th 2001). Considering the monetary values involved, it is perhaps surprising that only around half of the combinations will deliver the value or savings upon which the deals are justified. Mergers and acquisitions can therefore be deemed extremely risky ventures. In response to this dilemma, this thesis brings together the fields of project risk management and mergers and acquisitions, an overlap that is particularly under-developed in the extant literature. Adopting a grounded theory approach (Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Strauss and Corbin, 1998), a four-year worldwide integration programme within a FTSE100 healthcare company was analysed. The research aimed to secure an understanding of the complex dynamics of human actions and interactions relating to the phenomena of risk management whilst developing scenarios during the post-merger and acquisition integration phase. Through the development of a substantive theory of ‘risk bartering’, the research has discovered that whilst operating within a ‘confidentiality bubble’, some individuals were using an (often unfounded) increase or decrease in potential risks for ulterior motives. Rather than, as is the case in contemporary project risk management, the scenarios being developed and then the risks being assessed, the risks were being used to develop and shape the final scenarios. As a result, risks were being transposed from the individual to the organisation. This central finding has the potential to adversely affect the risk efficiency of the organisation, especially where levels of risk management maturity (Hillson, 1997) are ‘naïve’ or ‘novice’. Recommendations are made to ring fence the level of risk bartering, with the view to striking a balance between gaining individual ownership of the resultant change programme and optimising the organisation’s risk efficiency, thereby increasing the chances of a successful integration.
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Chen, Xing. "Empirical investigations into stock market integration and risk monitoring of the emerging Chinese stock markets." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3208.
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The degree of stock market integration has important implication for cross-border portfolio diversification, for which the Mainland China has become an attractive destination, particularly following the gradual open-up of its A-share market to foreign institutional investors. The first part of this thesis explores the various aspects of stock market integration taking place in Mainland China, in an attempt to resolve the ambiguity between extant empirical and anecdotal evidence on the issue. The evidence drawn from different statistical perspectives collectively establishes that the Mainland Chinese stock market is in a process of further integrating with a selection of world's developed stock markets. Nevertheless, such increased integration should not preclude foreign institutional investors from diversifying into the Chinese A-share market, as the current integration is far from being complete. Adopting appropriate risk monitoring technique for venturing into the volatile Chinese A- share market is another imperative issue faced by foreign institutional investors, whose risk practices and economic capital are largely regulated by the Basel Accord. The second leg of this thesis addresses this problem through an evaluation of various volatility forecasting models for Value-at-Risk (VaR) reporting. Our results highlight the importance of adopting heterogeneous risk monitoring models in different investment environments for the purpose of regulatory compliance and optimal economic capital allocation. Overall, the studies contained in this thesis should add knowledge to the burgeoning literature on international financial integration at large, while serving the interests of institutional investors, and financial regulatory authorities alike.
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Andreeva, Galina. "Credit risk in the context of European integration : assessing the possibility of Pan-European scoring." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24620.
Full textAbstract:
Credit scoring is the collection of techniques used for risk assessment in consumer credit. Traditionally a credit scoring model is constructed to fit a specific credit portfolio when normally consists of residents of one country (customised models). But the political desire for further integration of the European Union into a single internal market opens the possibility for the lenders to compete across the national borders. Therefore the necessity arises to assess the risk of mixed heterogeneous population consisting of residents of several European countries. This thesis shows how a single generic model can be used to credit score the applicants for a revolving store card from three different European countries. First, the EU harmonisation process is reviewed with the aim to establish its likely impact on the credit scoring practice. In particular, the legal restrictions on the information used in credit scoring models are examined and the effect of such restrictions for both lenders and borrowers is investigated. The comparison of credit regulations is provided between the USA and the EU, and for the latter the differences in the national legislation of the EU member states are presented. Second, several generic models are developed using logistic regression and survival analysis and their predictive accuracy is benchmarked against the performance of equivalent national (customised) models. Whilst logistic regression is the most established approach in credit industry, survival analysis is a relatively new application that offers an advantage of predicting time to the event of interest and therefore, lays the foundation for estimating the applicant’s profitability. Predicting profitability requires estimates of both the probability of default and the likely usage of the store card. Whereas modelling default is the traditional task of credit scoring, estimation of usage is far less common. Time to the second purchase is considered as the measure of the card usage and dependencies in application and behavioural data are examined that can be used for predicting the customer’s future behaviour. Generic models are found to perform well across three countries under different modelling approaches and in different applications. In predicting default they are competitive with the national models, whilst in other applications generic models demonstrate marginally inferior results. However, harmonisation of the data available for the analysis is likely to further enhance the predictive power of generic models and expand the possible scope of their application.
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Hazenberg, Richard. "Work integration social enterprise : a NEET idea." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2012. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/4965/.
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The on-going global economic difficulties and the subsequent increases in unemployment have led the UK government to look at innovative ways of reintegrating unemployed people back into work. Nowhere is this more critical than in the area of youth unemployment, which in the UK is steadily rising for young people aged 16-24 years who are not in employment, education or training (NEET). As part of this strategy work-integration social enterprises (WISEs) have become providers of employment enhancement programmes (EEPs) that aim to improve the employability of NEETs, in part due to the 'added value' that WISEs are seen to bring to such programmes. However, this perception, along with the requirements of public funding contracts, creates a pressure on WISEs to demonstrate such 'added value' through rigorous evaluation procedures. However, there is little academic research that both attempts to measure WISE performance in relation to 'outcomes' and to understand how organisational type and structure affects this. This research study takes a comparative, multi-case study approach to study three separate work-integration organisations delivering EEPs to NEETs. Two of these organisations are WISEs and the other organisation is a 'for-profit' private company utilised in this study as a comparison group. In order to provide a rigorous measure of outcome, all participants completed three different self-efficacy scales and engaged in individual semi-structured interviews with researchers before and after engagement in their respective programmes (Time 1 & Time 2). Results from the qualitative analysis of the interviews and the statistical analysis of the questionnaire data are triangulated to evaluate the outcome from all three programmes, providing the participant perspective alongside changes in self-efficacy. In addition, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were held with the owners and staff at the organisations respectively, in order to elicit understanding of how the differing aims, values and structures present at each organisation impacted upon the delivery of the programmes and hence upon the outcome benefits experienced by the NEETs. The results of the research provide an opportunity to compare and contrast programmes delivered by social enterprises with that of a 'for-profit' company in order to give an insight into programme and outcome differences based upon the orientation of the delivery organisation. Results revealed no significant difference between the outcome benefits experienced by the NEETs at the WISEs and those NEETs present at the for-profit comparison group. However, analysis of the effect of the organisational aims, values and structures upon the delivery of EEPs, suggests that the 'added value' offered by WISEs, whilst not immediately evident in the outcome data, came from the induction policies that they operated and their willingness to work with more socially excluded individuals.
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Cai, Zhongtang. "Risk-based proactive availability management." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22581.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Member: Ahamad, Mustaque; Committee Member: Eisenhauer, Greg; Committee Member: Milojicic, Dejan; Committee Member: Pu, Calton; Committee Member: Schwan, Karsten.
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Liang, Yanhong, and 梁艳红. "A study of public private partnership project success factors and risk management integration in mainland China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194601.
Full textAbstract:
To solve the conflict between limited fiscal funds and increasing demands to strengthen infrastructure construction, Public Private Partnership (PPP) was introduced by the Chinese government as an effective approach to make use of private investment to implement infrastructure projects. To provide services or facilities for public use, in PPP, participants pool their skills and resources while at the same time sharing the risks and rewards. The application of PPP could not only ease the government’s financial pressure, but also improve the efficiency of infrastructure construction and ensure the service quality of projects.
Although PPP produces these benefits, the complexity and long-term features of PPP projects expose participants to more risks than in traditional projects. Therefore, risk management of participants is critical to the success of PPP projects. As an innovative procurement approach involves a variety of stakeholders over a long time span, it is necessary to investigate how to appraise and recognize PPP project success. In addition, although risk management has attracted much attention, few studies examine the detailed link between various dimensions of risk management and PPP project success. This research therefore intends to fill these two gaps. Compared with countries in the West, PPP was introduced into China relatively recently. A comparative study was employed in this research in order to understand the Chinese situation and to make use of the experience of other countries to critique PPP project performance in Mainland China.
In this study, a two-pronged research program—comprising quantitative and qualitative approaches—was used to test and validate the tripartite theoretical model which was set up based on Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), Resource-based View (RBV) and Relational Exchange Theory (RET). In the quantitative study, questionnaire surveys were conducted concurrently in Mainland China and other places. Hierarchical Multiple Regression was used to explore the relationships posited in the research framework. To provide supportive and complementary evidence to the quantitative data, a case study of a PPP project in Mainland China was undertaken. Open-ended interviews and the thematic analysis technique were adopted in the case study.
Taken together, the findings indicated that although the facets of risk management significantly affect project success, there are subtle different influences on different stakeholders’ benefits. For example, the uncertainty of social issues and economic issues will affect public partner’s benefits while the uncertainty of political & institutional issues, economic issues and project specific issues are directly influence private partner’s benefits. To maximize their own interests, different stakeholders should pay more attention to the influencing factors that are specifically associated with them. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that individual efforts on risk management also contribute to the benefits of other stakeholders as well as to the whole industry development. In addition, the comparative study suggests that public partners of PPP projects in Mainland China could refer to the risk management experience of public partners from other countries to make an appropriate risk management commitment and better manage risks. On the other hand, private partners of PPP projects in Mainland China need to pay more attention to the macro-control of the government so as to protect their rights and interests.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Real Estate and Construction<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Taranova, Nataliya. "Risk Analysis and its Integration into the Valuation Process for Emerging Markets Focus : India and Russia /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02502805001/$FILE/02502805001.pdf.
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Pratt, Donald E. Jr, and Brian K. Jones. "MOBILE DEVICE MANAGEMENT IN THE DoD ENTERPRISE NETWORK: FACTORS FOR RISK MANAGEMENT, INTEGRATION, AND IT ACQUISITION." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32886.
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The Office of the Department of Defense Chief Information Officer (DoD CIO) has developed a mobile device strategy that will require the DoD information technology (IT) system acquisition process to acquire a mobile device management (MDM) toolset to mitigate information assurance (IA) risks created through the use of mobile devices on the enterprise domain. In an effort to target affordability and control cost growth, IT professionals need to understand how IA concerns are addressed through MDM and how properly scoped solutions can be sourced to reduce project risks related to cost, schedule, and performance for projects that involve obtaining an MDM toolset through the DoD acquisition process. This research develops a mixed method study to understand the concerns of federal information technology professionals who are knowledgeable on MDM and the acquisition professionals who procure the MDM solutions. In this research, the authors provide DoD professionals with a framework to select optimal MDM solutions through the identification of baseline requirements in order to operate effectively in a resource constrained environment.
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Beshara, Gloria E. "Attachment, perceptions of social support, and social integration: implications for adolescents at risk of school dropout /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2069.
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Alimohamadi, Bardia, and Ameneh Seddigh. "Lean Implementation into Risk Management Process." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19568.
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Any business management process involves a relevant risk management process whereas proper integration of risk management process following the lean guidelines can result in an efficient risk management process. This is a vital advantageous character for successful companies of this era. However, in real world business, many cases have been observed with different types of hidden wastes associated with their risk management process. These wastes act as obstacles to create value for their customer.Hence, the need for an integrated risk management process enabled with a lean perspective is growing in all levels of business and industry. Lean management and risk management process are in close interaction whether we see it or not. There would be two options ahead of organizations. First option is to ignore this mutual relationship between lean management and risk management process and the other option is to try to understand this interaction in detail with a continuous effort to make it more efficient. This conscious approach to the issue can turn into an efficient integration in successful cases. Integration process towards having a lean risk management is a tricky journey that requires proper understanding of the issue among the associated people and smart strategic decision making along with proper tactical knowledge and know-hows. In the current thesis work, we have tried to apply lean philosophy in order to recognize the wastes and non value added activities. This integration process starts with recognizing the context of risk management in a target organization. It is critical to recognize the risk management process steps because it is necessary to analyze the process steps one by one. Importance of following the flow principle of lean philosophy is a must in order to attain to a streamlined progress in the work. Consequently eight typical lean wastes should be identified in the relevant risk management process steps. In order to be able to eliminate the identified non value added activities, lean tools would be applied at this stage of the work. In other words, the root causes to the process wastes would be tracked down with the aim of eliminating or reducing them.Through proper application of lean tools in the integration process, we would get to a level of improved effectiveness and efficiency in our organization. In a comprehensive lean risk management integration strategy, the future state of risk management process would be drawn following lean principles with an eye on extension work for developing the lean risk management policies throughout the supply chain. This lean extension program is a key to catch hidden synergies in risk management process of the whole supply chain. Inbuilt KPIs and process metrics would be the proper provision for enabling the organization be in a state of continuous thrive for perfection.Applications of lean principles make a quick response enterprise with proper level of flexibility which results in an aware personnel attitude in a lean risk management working environment. Mixing the factor of improved internal efficiency with our risk management process, would help us have a better control over our associated risks. The result to this integration work would be a lean organization with continuously growing voracity to make improvements to the status of lean risk management process.
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Takacs, Gergely. "Integration of CTI into security management." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74246.
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Current thesis is a documentative approach to sum up experiences of a practical projectof implementing Cyber Threat Intelligence into an existing information securitymanagement system and delivering best practices using action design researchmethodology. The project itself was delivered to a multinational energy provider in 2017.The aim of the CTI-implementation was to improve the information security posture ofthe customer. The author, as participant of the delivery team presents an extensive reviewof the current literature on CTI and puts the need for threat intelligence into context. Theauthor claims that traditional security management is not able to keep up with currentcybersecurity threats which makes a new approach required. The thesis gives an insightof an actually working and continuously developed CTI-service and offers possible bestpractices for InfoSec professionals, adds theoretical knowledge to the body of knowledgeand opens up new research areas for researchers.
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Delmotte, Fabrice. "A sociotechnical framework for the integration of human and organizational factors in project management and risk analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35569.
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<p> By definition, a system is comprised of hardware, software and "liveware". It also interacts with other systems composed themselves of those elements. However, the "human" element tends to be neglected in many projects, leading to unsafe or inefficient systems. Although some studies have shown that sociotechnical approaches to project management can generate economic gains of 20%, not to mention social gains, in practice, few projects integrate human factors correctly.</p><p>
Many reasons can explain this lack of integration. Humans alone are much more difficult to model and understand than technology. When considering groups or organizations, the problem increases exponentially. Hence, traditional engineering and risk management methods cannot be used to address the human side of a system. There exist approaches and methods to use our current understanding of human behavior, however these tend to be understood and used only by a small number of specialists. Most project managers, designers and engineers have insufficient knowledge of their existence or do not understand how to make good use of them.</p><p>
There are two major challenges in the integration of human factors. The first one is to justify an interest in such an approach. Given the educational background and experience of many engineers, this is no easy task. The SNCF (French Railways) has chosen to face this challenge and achieved quite good results. However, this does not solve the problem, as project managers and engineers then request tools and methods. Fulfilling this need represents the second challenge. This is the subject of this study: to make a shift from technology-centered approaches to design and risk management to a more sociotechnical approach thanks to a macroergonomics project framework.
</p><p>
Human factors engineering and ergonomics is a multi-disciplinary domain. It goes from human resources management to physical ergonomics and integrates such subjects as psychology, sociology and human reliability. To improve the reliability or efficiency of systems, one approach is to develop a single tool addressing one aspect of human factors or integrating it with one kind of activities. However, many of those tools already exist, even if they have remained at the state of research results yet or been applied only in some very specific sectors. </p><p>
Hence, for this research, it was decided to develop a method that covers the whole process of a project and contains the different considerations related to human factors as well as the activities required to ensure the safety of the system.
</p><p>
Recent research led by the US Army and adapted by the UK and Canadian Armies as well as Eurocontrol have lead to the emergence of a new discipline called Human Factors Integration (HFI). This discipline proposes a project management process that covers different domains of human factors: manpower, personnel, training, ergonomics, safety, health and hazards, survivability. HFI is a good starting point but it responds only partly to our expressed need. Indeed, the SNCF requires a more general approach, easily accessible, with a greater emphasis on organization and risk management.</p><p>
During this study, the HFI method was extended based on recent research results, especially in human and organizational reliability. The main improvements made are the addition of the "organization" domain and the development of safety-related activities. Many other principles were also integrated including barriers, prescribed vs. real tasks, redundancy, recovery, degraded situation, system dynamics and measurement. Some interests of this method are its inheritance from systems engineering, its capacity to be utilized by users from different cultures and experience, and its independence from specific models of human behavior or task processing. The main output of the study is a documentation of this method defining the activities and tasks for each phase of the project as well as the composition of the team.</p><p>
The method was evaluated based on its application on the "Sécurité des Travaux Organisation Réalisation Préparation" (STORP) project. This project aims at redesigning the infrastructure maintenance system of the SNCF, modifying the concepts, principles, guidelines and documentations, in order to improve its efficiency and safety. This application enabled to test the coherence and usability of the method, as well as highlight its main advantages, while underlining and improving the human factors integration in STORP. Through this evaluation, this study constitutes one of the first attempts to apply HFI to a non-military domain and to non-specific projects.</p><br>Master of Science
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Crawford, Jason. "Regulation's Influence on Risk Management and Management Control Systems in Banks." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332037.
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This dissertation explores regulation’s influence on risk management and management control systems (MCS) in banks. The dissertation comprises of an introductory chapter, two published book chapters, one of which is an extensive literature review, and two working papers, presented at several European conferences. The overall objective of this dissertation is to explore how banks are responding to banking regulation in light of the 2007-08 financial crisis and what the implications of those responses are, particularly in relation to risk management and MCS, and their interactions. The overall research question is therefore: what influence does regulation have on risk management and management control systems in banks over time? The intended ambition is to contribute to existing knowledge on the relationship between bank regulation, risk management, and MCS by providing several practical and theoretical contributions. The dissertation employs an adapted theoretical framework and uses institutional theory and contingency theory to expose tensions between, the demands for uniformity residing in banking regulation, and the demands for uniqueness residing inside banks themselves as they seek to maintain control over the design and use of their organizational controls. The empirical material used in the longitudinal case study is gathered from a large European bank. The main findings of the dissertation are as follows. In Paper I, the findings show that banking regulation’s influence on risk management and management control is mixed, which in turn can influence risk management’s integration with MCS. The paper also finds that very little knowledge exists about regulation’s influence on risk management and MCS. In Paper II, the findings show that while regulatory influence in IT control has increased over time, banks continue to exercise significant influence over regulatory demands. In Paper III, the findings show how regulation’s influence varies considerably over time and that increased regulatory pressure can lead to a higher degree of integration between risk management and MCS across the three dimensions of integration. In Paper IV, the findings show how regulation’s influence is shaping the mental processes of management and employees, and can vary significantly based on several identified factors.
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Resurreccion, Joanna Z. "Stochastic Inventory Modeling and Integration to Multi-criteria Risk Decision-making for Interdependent Economic and Infrastructure Systems." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557345.
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<p> Extreme risks associated with natural and man-made disasters involve disruptions in the production of goods or provision of services in interdependent systems. The reduced supply of critical goods and services will degrade "as planned" production outputs and create ripple effects of direct and indirect disruptions. Input-output modeling evaluates the propagation of disaster consequences by quantifying the associated economic risks of disruption, namely economic loss and inoperability, for multi-sectoral economic regions. The thesis enhances the reliability of these risk estimates by formulating a stochastic inventory-based risk assessment model using a multi-objective optimization framework for minimizing (i) economic losses, and (ii) sector inoperability. The research utilizes inventory-to-sales ratio data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis for modeling uncertainty in the levels of finished goods inventory and the beta distribution to integrate uncertainty in decision-maker preferences associated with the multi-objective framework. The framework focuses on the development of a holistic, flexible and scalable decision support system through a Dynamic Cross Prioritization Plot (DCPP) for identifying inventory enhancement opportunities among critically disrupted systems that is applicable to different regions and disaster scenarios. </p>
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Shah, Akhtar H. "Examining the perceived value of integration of earned value management with risk management-based performance measurement baseline." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3612243.
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<p> Many projects fail despite the use of evidence-based project management practices such as Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB), Earned Value Management (EVM) and Risk Management (RM). Although previous researchers have found that integrated project management techniques could be more valuable than the same techniques used by themselves, these findings do not address the benefits of integrated EVM with PMB created from RM-based Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) that could positively influence project results. The success of a project is partly dependent on accurately forecasting the performance of future states of current projects. The focus of this quantitative descriptive study is to improve current project management knowledge by identifying whether the integration of EVM with PMB created from RM-based WBS adds project value in accurately predicting the future performance of current projects. This study was conducted by surveying project leaders who have had some experience in EVM with project management. The results of this research significantly support the belief that integration of EVM with PMB created from RM-based WBS adds value to a project.</p>
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Mena, Rodrigo. "Risk–based modeling, simulation and optimization for the integration of renewable distributed generation into electric power networks." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0034/document.
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Il est prévu que la génération distribuée par l’entremise d’énergie de sources renouvelables (DG) continuera à jouer un rôle clé dans le développement et l’exploitation des systèmes de puissance électrique durables, efficaces et fiables, en vertu de cette fournit une alternative pratique de décentralisation et diversification de la demande globale d’énergie, bénéficiant de sources d’énergie plus propres et plus sûrs. L’intégration de DG renouvelable dans les réseaux électriques existants pose des défis socio–technico–économiques, qu’ont attirés de la recherche et de progrès substantiels.Dans ce contexte, la présente thèse a pour objet la conception et le développement d’un cadre de modélisation, simulation et optimisation pour l’intégration de DG renouvelable dans des réseaux de puissance électrique existants. Le problème spécifique à considérer est celui de la sélection de la technologie,la taille et l’emplacement de des unités de génération renouvelable d’énergie, sous des contraintes techniques, opérationnelles et économiques. Dans ce problème, les questions de recherche clés à aborder sont: (i) la représentation et le traitement des variables physiques incertains (comme la disponibilité de les diverses sources primaires d’énergie renouvelables, l’approvisionnement d’électricité en vrac, la demande de puissance et l’apparition de défaillances de composants) qui déterminent dynamiquement l’exploitation du réseau DG–intégré, (ii) la propagation de ces incertitudes sur la réponse opérationnelle du système et le suivi du risque associé et (iii) les efforts de calcul intensif résultant du problème complexe d’optimisation combinatoire associé à l’intégration de DG renouvelable.Pour l’évaluation du système avec un plan d’intégration de DG renouvelable donné, un modèle de calcul de simulation Monte Carlo non–séquentielle et des flux de puissance optimale (MCS–OPF) a été conçu et mis en oeuvre, et qui émule l’exploitation du réseau DG–intégré. Réalisations aléatoires de scénarios opérationnels sont générés par échantillonnage à partir des différentes distributions des variables incertaines, et pour chaque scénario, la performance du système est évaluée en termes économiques et de la fiabilité de l’approvisionnement en électricité, représenté par le coût global (CG) et l’énergie non fournie (ENS), respectivement. Pour mesurer et contrôler le risque par rapport à la performance du système, deux indicateurs sont introduits, la valeur–à–risque conditionnelle(CVaR) et l’écart du CVaR (DCVaR).Pour la sélection optimale de la technologie, la taille et l’emplacement des unités DG renouvelables,deux approches distinctes d’optimisation multi–objectif (MOO) ont été mis en oeuvre par moteurs de recherche d’heuristique d’optimisation (HO). La première approche est basée sur l’algorithme génétique élitiste de tri non-dominé (NSGA–II) et vise à la réduction concomitante de l’espérance mathématique de CG et de ENS, dénotés ECG et EENS, respectivement, combiné avec leur valeurs correspondent de CVaR(CG) et CVaR(ENS); la seconde approche effectue un recherche à évolution différentielle MOO (DE) pour minimiser simultanément ECG et s’écart associé DCVaR(CG). Les deux approches d’optimisation intègrent la modèle de calcul MCS–OPF pour évaluer la performance de chaque réseau DG–intégré proposé par le moteur de recherche HO.Le défi provenant de les grands efforts de calcul requises par les cadres de simulation et d’optimisation proposée a été abordée par l’introduction d’une technique originale, qui niche l’analyse de classification hiérarchique (HCA) dans un moteur de recherche de DE.Exemples d’application des cadres proposés ont été élaborés, concernant une adaptation duréseau test de distribution électrique IEEE 13–noeuds et un cadre réaliste du système test de sous–transmission et de distribution IEEE 30–noeuds. [...]<br>Renewable distributed generation (DG) is expected to continue playing a fundamental role in the development and operation of sustainable, efficient and reliable electric power systems, by virtue of offering a practical alternative to diversify and decentralize the overall power generation, benefiting from cleaner and safer energy sources. The integration of renewable DG in the existing electric powernetworks poses socio–techno–economical challenges, which have attracted substantial research and advancement.In this context, the focus of the present thesis is the design and development of a modeling,simulation and optimization framework for the integration of renewable DG into electric powernetworks. The specific problem considered is that of selecting the technology, size and location of renewable generation units, under technical, operational and economic constraints. Within this problem, key research questions to be addressed are: (i) the representation and treatment of the uncertain physical variables (like the availability of diverse primary renewable energy sources, bulk–power supply, power demands and occurrence of components failures) that dynamically determine the DG–integrated network operation, (ii) the propagation of these uncertainties onto the system operational response and the control of the associated risk and (iii) the intensive computational efforts resulting from the complex combinatorial optimization problem of renewable DG integration.For the evaluation of the system with a given plan of renewable DG, a non–sequential MonteCarlo simulation and optimal power flow (MCS–OPF) computational model has been designed and implemented, that emulates the DG–integrated network operation. Random realizations of operational scenarios are generated by sampling from the different uncertain variables distributions,and for each scenario the system performance is evaluated in terms of economics and reliability of power supply, represented by the global cost (CG) and the energy not supplied (ENS), respectively.To measure and control the risk relative to system performance, two indicators are introduced, the conditional value–at–risk (CVaR) and the CVaR deviation (DCVaR).For the optimal technology selection, size and location of the renewable DG units, two distinct multi–objective optimization (MOO) approaches have been implemented by heuristic optimization(HO) search engines. The first approach is based on the fast non–dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA–II) and aims at the concurrent minimization of the expected values of CG and ENS, thenECG and EENS, respectively, combined with their corresponding CVaR(CG) and CVaR(ENS) values; the second approach carries out a MOO differential evolution (DE) search to minimize simultaneously ECG and its associated deviation DCVaR(CG). Both optimization approaches embed the MCS–OPF computational model to evaluate the performance of each DG–integrated network proposed by the HO search engine. The challenge coming from the large computational efforts required by the proposed simulation and optimization frameworks has been addressed introducing an original technique, which nests hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) within a DE search engine. Examples of application of the proposed frameworks have been worked out, regarding an adaptation of the IEEE 13 bus distribution test feeder and a realistic setting of the IEEE 30 bussub–transmission and distribution test system. The results show that these frameworks are effectivein finding optimal DG–integrated networks solutions, while controlling risk from two distinctperspectives: directly through the use of CVaR and indirectly by targeting uncertainty in the form ofDCVaR. Moreover, CVaR acts as an enabler of trade–offs between optimal expected performanceand risk, and DCVaR integrates also uncertainty into the analysis, providing a wider spectrum ofinformation for well–supported and confident decision making
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Nikolova, Biljana Banking & Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "The investment climate in Brazil, Russia, India and China: a study of integration, equity returns and sovereign risk." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Banking & Finance, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44594.
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In this thesis I study the investment climate in the four rapidly growing emerging economies Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC). The first study, Chapter 2, uses a bivariate EGARCH methodology with time varying conditional correlation to study the global and regional integration of the BRICs and to identify the existence of diversification opportunities for international investors. The second study, Chapter 3, employs a restricted version of the model to explore the relationship between equity market returns and volatility of equity returns in the BRIC countries and global oil prices. Chapter 4 is an extension of Chapter 3, and focuses on the sustainability of Russia???s economic growth in view of its large dependence on oil income. A qualitative analysis of the oil industry in Russia, including an overview of the operations of the largest oil producing companies, government regulations, oil production and proven oil reserves, is conducted for the purpose of this study. The last study, Chapter 5, uses a panel data methodology to explore the determinants of changes in sovereign bond spreads for the BRICs as an asset class and for each of the BRIC countries individually. I conclude that the regional and global level of integration of the BRICs is relatively low, and portfolio investors can enjoy sound diversification benefits particularly by taking investment positions in the Indian and Chinese equity markets. Despite the aggressive economic growth of the BRICs and their increased oil consumption, the volatility of stock returns from the BRICs does not have a significant impact on global oil prices; however, oil prices do impact the volatility of equity returns in India and China, and particularly the level of returns and volatility of equity returns in Russia. Based on this and the qualitative analysis in Chapter 4, it is concluded that in the short to medium term Russia???s continued economic growth will depend on increased reinvestment in the oil industry and in the longer term the government should diversify its revenue sources and focus on development of other sectors within the economy. Lastly, it is concluded that sovereign risk in the BRICs is driven by different global and country-specific factors, hence risk should be observed on an individual country basis and not for the BRICs as an asset class.
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Raybould, Rachel. "Human papillomavirus integration : the mechanism(s) behind the high-risk associated with this event and cervical disease progression." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/48546/.
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Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is essential but not the only contributing factor in cervical cancer development. HPV integration is reported to be present in over 80% of cervical cancers and disruption of HPV genome through integration leads to high levels of HPV oncogene expression. DNA damage and repair pathways are thought to induce HPV integration since HPV is detected at fragile sites in the human genome. There is controversy as to whether integration is an early or late event in cervical oncogenesis and there are no published studies to date that have investigated HPV integration using sensitive, DNA based, techniques at the nucleotide level in cervical precancers. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that integration is an early event in cervical neoplasia and episomal loss causes malignant transformation through transcription of integrated HPV. Also, this study served to pilot whether HPV integration can predict high-grade cervical disease in women with cytological abnormalities with an aim to improve current cervical screening methods. Assays to detect integration and E2 as a marker of episomal state were developed for HPV16, HPV18 and HPV45 and applied to cervical smears and biopsies from women with varying disease grades. The data presented in this thesis highlight that integration may not be essential for cervical cancer progression and different modes of disease progression may exist between young women and older women. Integration was detected at chromosome fragile sites but was more prevalent at SINE or LINE repeat elements; this implies a role for retroelements in the mechanism of integration. Finally, the data here suggest that integration induces a unique selective process in each individual and clonal selection may arise due to altered HPV oncogene expression and/or disruption to human gene expression.
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Ngwafor, Ndeh Edwin. "Establishing continental sovereignty in Africa : risk and opportunity in financial integration : lessons for Africa from a legal perspective." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7648/.
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This thesis identifies and defines the new African sovereignty. It establishes a modern sovereignty in Africa hatched from the changing nature of sovereignty in which countries come together at various levels or grades of partial surrender of national sovereignty in order to work closer together for their mutual advantage and benefit. To this end, the narrative zooms in on the central issues within the realms of money matters whereby a new model of monetary sovereignty and monetary solutions is designed in an attempt to ease the recurring tensions and challenges of modern national sovereignty in the continent of Africa. As such, this discussion will offer a historical journey through the constitution of sovereignty, to the birth of the nation state and international public law. It develops the theory of the changing nature of sovereignty within the modern state and opens new lines of inquiry for Africa. In this regard, it draws from juxtaposing and mixing elements of regional and global financial integration as well as retaining national financial sovereignty features to form this new design which I dub continental sovereignty. At its core, the thesis will deal with the legal aspects that stem from the co-mingling of legal systems of nation states and communities at the regional and global levels within the context of financial integration. The argument is that the rule of law remains sacrosanct in monetary management. Effective financial integration is the result of properly structured and managed legal frameworks with robust laws and institutions whether at a national, regional or global level. However, the thesis reveals that in order to avoid undermining the progress of Africa’s financial integration project, any solution for Africa must be immersed within a broader global solution where development issues are addressed and resolved and Africa can form a more central part in all relevant international discussion fora. The work will expound these issues by applying them within a regional and global context, with the state of affairs in Africa forming the nucleus. This application consequently presents the six key themes of the thesis which will be considered therein. They are: a.) regional advantage: which exploits the possibilities of deeper and further financial integration between smaller communal arrangements; b.) regional risk and exposure: the extent to which this deeper form of financial integration can spiral out of control if effected too quickly and too ambitiously; c.) global advantage: which considers the merits of global financial integration and the influence exerted by financial laws on the global financial architecture; d.) global risk and exposure: which considers the challenges of global financial integration especially within the background of the Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008; e.) African challenge: which considers the extent to which this analysis impacts the African economic and financial integration agenda; and f.) development challenge: which examines the extent to which global development issues impact the African solution (continental sovereignty) and the need for any solution for the continent to be roped into a broader global solution within which Africa can form an important part. Even though the thesis requests an optimistic undertone on the progress made so far, it unearths the African problem of multiple national sovereignty and multiple overlapping regional sovereignty constituted as the ‘spaghetti bowl’ dilemma. As such, the unique contribution to knowledge on financial integration in Africa can be echoed in these words: Africa‘s financial integration agenda has had little success in authenticating a systematic and dependable legal framework for monetary management. Efforts made have been incomplete, substandard, and not carefully followed through particularly reflected in the impuissant nature of the judicial enforcement mechanisms. Thus, the thesis argues that, any meaningful answer to the problems dogging the continent is inter alia deeply entrenched within a new form of cooperative monetary sovereignty. In other words, the thesis does not prescribe the creation of new laws; rather it advocates the effective enforcement of existing laws.
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Chongo, Ambrose. "Computing the Greeks using the integration by parts formula for the Skorohod integral." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/818.
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Andersson, Caroline, and Emelie Nyman. "Intern kontroll i svenska storbanker : En studie av kommunikation och integration av intern kontroll." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72854.
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Bakgrund och Problem: Det har visat sig att en gemensam nämnare bland de bakomliggande orsakerna till den senaste finanskrisen var bristande intern kontroll. Det var även en av orsakerna till att en svensk bank i augusti år 2010 gick i konkurs och det kan ses som högst oväntat med tanke på de utvecklade regler, ramverk och granskningar som finns för de svenska bankerna idag. För att den interna kontrollen i ett företag ska fungera väl måste den integreras i hela verksamheten. I dagsläget finns det tecken på att det råder en lucka mellan den interna kontroll som styrelse vill uppnå och den som når fram till medarbetarna i banken. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att studera hur de fyra svenska storbankerna arbetar med intern kontroll idag samt analysera kommunikationen och integrationen av den interna kontrollen i verksamheten. Vidare vill vi bidra till en insikt om hur intern kontroll integreras och blir en del av det dagliga arbetet i banken. Metod/Empiri: Då studien undersöker hur kommunikationen och integrationen av intern kontroll ser ut i de svenska storbankerna, ansågs en enbart kvalitativ metod med intervjuer av personer som aktivt arbetar med intern kontroll inte vara tillräckligt. Det empiriska materialet består därför av intervjuer med personer som arbetar aktivt med den interna kontrollen i de fyra svenska storbankerna samt en enkätundersökning bland medarbetarna ute i verksamheten. Slutsats: Arbetet med den interna kontrollen i de svenska storbankerna fungerar väl och det går att märka en tendens till ökat fokus inom området. En samlad bedömning och en jämförelse av intervjurespondenternas svar och enkäternas svar visar att ett gap i kommunikationen angående den interna kontrollen kan anas. Det finns därmed också en brist i integrationen av den interna kontrollen.<br>Background and Problem: It was shown that the lack of internal control was a common denominator among the reasons for the recent financial crisis. It was also one of the reasons that a Swedish bank in August 2010 went bankrupt and this can be seen as highly unexpected due to the developed rules, frameworks and reviews that exist for the Swedish banks today. In order for a company to accomplish a well functional internal control it must be integrated throughout the whole organization. In the current situation there is evidence confirming an existence of a gap between the internal control a board request and what is accessible to employees in the bank. Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to study how the four major Swedish banks are operating the internal control today, also, analyzing the communication and integration of the internal control within the organization. We also wish to contribute to an understanding of how internal control is integrated and how it becomes a part of the daily work in the bank. Method/Empirics: Since this study examines how communication and integration of internal control appears in the major Swedish banks, a purely qualitative approach with interviews of people who actively work with the internal control was not considered as sufficient. Therefore, the empirical data consists of interviews with employees who are actively working with internal control in the four major Swedish banks and additionally, a survey was sent to the employees working in the daily business. Conclusions: The work with internal control in the major Swedish banks is well functioning and it is possible to notice a tendency for increased focus for the subject. An overall assessment and comparison of responses from the interviews and the survey indicates a gap in communication regarding internal control. Thus, there is a lack of integration of the internal control.
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Ydenius, Anders. "Integration of car and road infrastructure design : crash severity and occupant injury risk evaluations in frontal real-world crashes /." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-534-0/.
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Bayley, Laura C. (Laura Christine). "Integration and test of the REgolith X-ray Imaging Spectrometer and recommendations for low-cost, high-risk spaceflight programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105007.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 115-118).<br>NASA Risk Class D programs must meet their technical goals with limited resources. The Regolith X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (REXIS) is a Class D student collaboration instrument flying on the NASA OSIRIS-REx mission. This thesis describes and analyzes the NASA management and systems engineering processes that were tailored for REXIS. Part of the Class D approach is to accept more risk to meet schedule and cost requirements. This added risk is carried into the Integration and Test (I&T) phase, and can manifest in an off-nominal sequence. The REXIS I&T phase is examined in detail to provide insight into the resource tradeoffs necessary to successfully deliver a Class D instrument. Each step of the I&T sequence is portrayed, including critical incidents that arose during this phase and how they were handled. The I&T process of the REXIS Radiation Cover Deployment System is described in detail, and recommendations are made to further reduce the risk on this critical system. Three key lessons from REXIS I&T are presented to help inform future low-cost, high-risk missions. First, challenges arise when inevitable changes occur between the Engineering and Flight Models. Secondly, procuring flight spare hardware for Class D missions is highly valuable. Finally, small co-located teams ease communication and lessen the burden of documentation, but can have limitations in expertise and flexibility during critical phases.<br>by Laura C. Bayley.<br>S.M.
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Magnusson, Julia. "Adaptive Forest Policy : The Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction through Nature-Based Solutions in Swedish and Scottish Forest Policy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443541.
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Climate change may cause significant changes to our relationship with nature, triggering large impacts on ecosystems and the societies dependent on their ecosystem services. Forests are seen as a mitigating solution for their abilities to store carbon, provide forest products, enhance biodiversity along with other forest ecosystem services (FES). Forest’s natural systems have shown resilience against climate-induced disasters and have been acknowledged as an important tool to mitigate climate change. However, to ensure the continued supply of these services requires adaptable management of forest ecosystems through policy. This study aims to analyse how Swedish and Scottish public FES-related policy integrates the adaptive and mitigating methods used in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NBS). The method of this analysis relied on three theoretical approaches; Policy integration, Environmental policy integration and Frames to see how the concepts and methods of NBS and DRR are implemented within Swedish and Scottish forest policy. The results showed that the main message from both Swedish and Scottish public FES-related policy is that humans are dependent on FES, therefore the protection of forest land and species cannot be under-prioritised. Both countries’ goals focus on becoming climate neutral by 2045 with an increased (Scotland) or sustained (Sweden) bioeconomy to be achieved alongside carbon sequestration, increased biodiversity, and diversified usage of forests. Both countries recognise and use ecosystem services as a NBS to mitigate climate change and reduce disaster risk. The increase of biodiversity through afforestation, green infrastructure, and conservation as a method to create resilience is a common method of NBS within the policy documents, and its ability to prevent risks along several areal and hierarchical scales show methods of DRR. However, vague goals on the strategy to achieve this are seen within both countries’ policy which question their determination and ability to succeed. Their difference in forest ownership structure and history diverges their application of community engagement in FES management. It is now essential that both Sweden and Scotland implement a sustainable balance between their national strategy objectives for the sake of the environment and use the considerable political traction by methods of NBS and DRR to reach resilient forest ecosystems. Future research could further assess the results and consequences of the policy strategies to see if they have achieved inclusive, integrated forest resilience through adaptive policy.
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Tseng, Huai-Hsuan. "Multisensory emotional recognition and integration in the ultra high risk state and early phase of psychosis : an fMRI study." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multisensory-emotional-recognition-and-integration-in-the-ultra-high-risk-state-and-early-phase-of-psychosis(b16a17f1-44c7-485b-bbae-02b6168286d5).html.
Full textAbstract:
Patients in the early phase of psychosis show impairments of emotional processing. These patients also demonstrate neuroanatomical and neurofunctional abnormalities which are similar to those in patients with schizophrenia in regions that are involved in emotional processing. Impaired emotional processing is reported, albeit in an attenuated form, in individuals with an Ultra High Risk (UHR) for psychosis. To date however, few studies have specifically examined the neural substrate of emotional processing in the early and prodromal phase of psychosis. The effective integration of emotional information is extremely important for interpersonal interactions and daily social functioning; but the disturbances of integration of multisensory emotional information and the associated neural processes in patients with the early phase of psychosis remain unclear. Moreover, there are no studies that have examined the integration of emotional information in the early and prodromal phase of psychosis. To do this I developed a Multisensory Emotion Recognition and Integration Task (MERIT). In an fMRI experiment and examined the neural substrate for emotion recognition and multisensory integration and the possible alteration in sixteen UHR subjects and eighteen patients with first episode of psychosis (FEP), in contrast with twenty-one healthy controls (HC). FEP patients demonstrated impairments in both unisensory and multisensory emotion recognition, and reduced activation in the brain areas associated with emotional recognition. In UHR subjects, such alterations were less pronounced than in FEP patients. Both FEP and UHR groups did not show a significant alteration in the brain areas associated with integration, but FEP patients failed to deactivate areas that may have been associated with irrelevant visual stimuli, and areas associated with the default mode brain network. A speculative model proposes that the posterior superior temporal area is important for integrating emotional information, and its activation can be modulated by modality-specific attention. These results are in part consistent with the notion that, relative to HCs, FEP patients show neurofunctional alterations in emotional processing regions that are qualitatively similar to those previously observed in schizophrenia patients. UHR subjects showed altered behavioural performance and brain activation at an intermediate level between those in HC and FEP groups. This raises the possibility of establishing neurofunctional biomarkers for emotional processing that could be used to identify UHR subjects who have a higher risk of frank psychosis, a prospect which could be investigated in future prospective and longitudinal studies.
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Wang, Yue Nan, and wangyn14@hotmail com. "The diversification benefits and the risk and return relationships in the Chinese A-share market." RMIT University. Economics, Finance and Marketing, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061205.103325.
Full textAbstract:
China's rapid economic growth and the development of its domestic stock market have attracted considerable attention from foreign investors. China's economic financial expansion, however, has emerged from an environment of state planning and radical socialist ideology. With a view of providing investors with a better understanding of the risk and return relationship in the Chinese A-share market over the past decade, this thesis adapts several empirical models to the circumstances in China and conducts four empirical analyses. First, in order to rationalize foreign investors' entry into the A-share market, the thesis compares the diversification benefits in three China-related stock markets, namely the A-share, the B-share and the H-share markets in a mean-variance framework using daily, weekly and monthly data respectively. The results suggest that of the three stock markets, the B-share market generates the highest average annual returns while the A-share market has the most significant diversification benefits regardless of whether the analysis is undertaken implementing a traditional mean-variance framework or a downside risk framework. Next, an empirical analysis using the Fama and MacBeth two-pass procedure is undertaken to test the relationship between beta, firm factors and stock returns. Similar to the findings in other stock markets, the results of this analysis show that the static betas for individual stocks fail to capture variation in stock returns in the A-share market. In contrast, the effects of book-to-market and trading volume are significant in the sample period. However, the fact that none of these factors have a persistent role in explaining stock returns suggests a possible change in the investment philosophy of Chinese domestic investors over the past decade. In the third analysis, two global betas are incorporated into the cross-sectional regressions in a bid to examine the integration or segmentation of the A-share market with the world and Hong Kong stock markets. Specifically, both time-varying betas and static betas are used in the analysis. The results suggest that there is no beta effect and the A-share marke t is totally segmented from both the world and Hong Kong stock markets. Finally, when the segmentation and integration status of the A-share market is further examined using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation framework without beta estimation and the assumption of a linear relationship between beta and stock returns, the findings suggest that the A-share market is becoming increasing integrated with the B-share and the Hong Kong stock markets.