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1
Thieken, Annegret Henriette. "Floods, flood losses and flood risk management in Germany." Thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2916/.
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Die vorliegende Habilitation beschäftigt sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten des Hochwasserrisikos in Deutschland. In zwölf Artikeln werden neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse über Hochwassergefahren, über Faktoren, die Hochwasserschäden beeinflussen, sowie über effektive private Vorsorgemaßnahmen präsentiert.
So wird die jahreszeitliche Verteilung von Hochwasser in ganz Deutschland gezeigt. Weiterhin werden mögliche Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf Abflussverhältnisse und Häufigkeiten von Hochwasserereignissen am Beispiel des Rhein-Einzugsgebietes abgeschätzt. Ferner wird am Niederrhein simuliert, welche Auswirkungen Deichbrüche haben können.
Hochwasserschäden stehen im zweiten Teil der Arbeit im Fokus: Nach dem August-Hochwasser 2002 wurden ca. 1700 Privathaushalte telefonisch befragt. Damit konnten die Einflüsse verschiedener Faktoren, wie der Überflutungsdauer oder der Verunreinigung des Hochwassers mit Öl, auf die Höhe von finanziellen Schäden quantifiziert werden. Daraus ist zum einen ein neues Modell entstanden, mit dem Hochwasserschäden großräumig berechnet werden können. Zum anderen konnten Hinweise für die Verbesserung der privaten Vorsorge abgeleitet werden. Beispielsweise zeigte sich, dass versicherte Haushalte schneller und besser entschädigt werden als Nicht-Versicherte. Ebenfalls wurde deutlich, dass verschiedene Bevölkerungsgruppen, wie Mieter und Hauseigentümer, unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten haben, Vorsorge zu betreiben. Dies ist zukünftig in der Risikokommunikation zu berücksichtigen.
In den Jahren 2005 und 2006 waren Elbe und Donau wiederum von Hochwasser betroffen. Eine erneute Befragung von Privathaushalten und Behörden ermöglichte, die Verbesserung des Hochwasserrisikomanagement und der Vorsorge am Beispiel der Stadt Dresden zu untersuchen.
Viele Methoden und Erkenntnisse dieser Arbeit sind in der wasserwirtschaftlichen Praxis anwendbar und tragen somit zur Verbesserung der Hochwasserrisikoanalyse und des Risikomanagements in Deutschland bei.<br>This thesis deals with different aspects of flood risk in Germany. In twelve papers new scientific findings about flood hazards, factors that influence flood losses as well as effective private precautionary measures are presented.
The seasonal distribution of flooding is shown for the whole of Germany. Furthermore, possible impacts of climate change on discharge and flood frequencies are estimated for the catchment of the river Rhine. Moreover, it is simulated at reaches of the Lower Rhine, which effects may result from levee breaches.
Flood losses are the focus of the second part of the thesis: After the flood in August 2002 approximately 1700 households were interviewed by telephone. By this, it was possible to quantify the influence of different factors such as flood duration or the contamination of the flood water with oil on the extent of financial flood damage. On this basis, a new model was derived, by which flood losses can be calculated on a large scale. On the other hand, it was possible to derive recommendations for the improvement of private precaution. For example, the analysis revealed that insured households were compensated more quickly and to a better degree than uninsured. It became also clear that different groups like tenants and homeowners have different capabilities of performing precaution. This is to be considered in future risk communication.
In 2005 and 2006, the rivers Elbe and Danube were again affected by flooding. A renewed pool among households and public authorities enabled us to investigate the improvement of flood risk management and the precaution in the City of Dresden.
Several methods and finding of this thesis are applicable for water resources management issues and contribute to an improvement of flood risk analysis and management in Germany.
2
Volkmann, Abigail J. "River Basin Management and Restoration in Germany and the United States: Two Case Studies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/165.
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The uses and management of water resources play an important role in the development of a culture and the health of its environment and population. Humans throughout history have consistently exploited rivers, which degrades water quality and leads to water scarcity. This thesis is an examination of two river restoration projects, one on the Oder River in Germany and the other on the Klamath River in the United States, that represent each country's efforts to reverse river exploitation. These cases in Germany and the United States demonstrate the importance of achieving a better understanding of the political instruments and strategies for mitigating environmental issues on a global scale.
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Kosater, Peter. "Application of non-linear time series models to power risk management a case study for Germany /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/volltexte/2007/2032.
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Töppel, Jannick [Verfasser], and Hans Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Buhl. "Risk and Return Management for the Heat Transition in Germany / Jannick Töppel ; Betreuer: Hans Ulrich Buhl." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221524917/34.
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Wang, Lingling. "CEO employment history and risk-taking in firm policies." unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04292009-150418/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.<br>Title from file title page. Harley E. Ryan, committee chair; Conrad Ciccotello, Omesh Kini, Jayant Kale, committee members. Description based on contents viewed July 1, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-74).
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Löbler, Helge. "Innovatives Risikoverhalten im Ost-West-Vergleich." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-218192.
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Seit Ende der sechziger Jahre wird mit unterschiedlicher Intensität auf die Innovationskrise und auf den Rückgang der Investitionstätigkeit deutscher Unternehmen hingewiesen. Zur Zeit wird dieses Thema vor allem im Zusammenhang mit der abnehmenden Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
der deutschen Unternehmen im internationalen Vergleich wieder intensiv diskutiert. Mangelnde Innovationen und daraus resultierende Investitionslücken führen danach nicht nur zu einem verringerten Wirtschaftswachstum, sondern erschweren darüber hinaus auch den
noch immer nicht vollständig bewältigten Strukturwandel. Dabei scheinen Innovationen und Investitionen auch für die neuen Bundesländer von besonderer Bedeutung zu sein, wenn sie ihren Anschluß an die internationale Wettbewerbssituation bewältigen wollen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung fragt auf der Basis des Risk-/Return-
Paradoxon, ob sich das Innovationsverhalten in den neuen Bundesländern von dem in den alten Bundesländern unterscheidet.
7
Begg, Chloe. "Power, responsibility and justice : practices of local stakeholder participation in flood risk management in England and Germany." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/126315/.
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Over the past few decades there has been an increasing interest in the active involvement of local stakeholders in the management of floods in Europe. Such involvement is seen as necessary as the management of floods becomes more complex. Management approaches now seek to include a range of potential measures to reduce risk in addition to structural defence measures (e.g. spatial planning, emergency management, property-level protection measures, etc.). Local stakeholder involvement is seen to be important because governments lack resources, both human and financial, required to deliver all these measures alone. This thesis draws on a range of literature, concepts, theories as well as qualitative and quantitative data collected in England and Germany to discuss the implications that participative approaches have on the fairness of European flood risk management (FRM). As a result, the studies included in this thesis each provide a specific approach to understanding the role of local stakeholder participation in European FRM but taken together provide a rich and multi-sited contribution to current discussions and debates about environmental justice. Studies of environmental justice are interested in who is included and excluded from decisions related to the distribution of environmental goods (resources) and bads (risks). It is argued that fair decision-making processes arise when power is equally distributed between all (potential) participants (procedural justice). It is also argued that just procedures can lead to fairer distributions in resources and risks (distributional justice). This thesis highlights the difficulties of achieving such justice in practice. I that participation in practice generally focuses on transferring responsibility to the local level at the expense of power at the local level. In addition, resources are distributed in such a way as to create and strengthen vulnerabilities related to flood risk. It is concluded that if European FRM is to become more just, investments need to be made to ensure that those who are made responsible for FRM (who are often also the most vulnerable to flood impact) accept that responsibility and have the resources required to fulfil that responsibility.
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Werner, Stephan D. "Endogenous risk in non-life insurance : evidence from the German insurance sector during the Interwar period." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3269/.
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Motivated by the recent 2007/2008 Financial Crisis, this dissertation identifies endogenous risk in the German insurance sector during the Interwar sector. In the context of principal agent theory, endogenous risk is the result of a company reacting to shocks that are generated and amplified within the financial system by shifting risk from shareholders to policyholders. This dissertation provides analytical support for this interdependence on the basis of established financial as well as actuarial models and assumptions. The empirical analysis considers the German insurance sector during the Interwar period due to the presence of a pronounced business cycle, the absence of exogenous low-probability high-cost events, a consistent regulatory framework as well as available quantitative data. The econometric analysis is based on four newly compiled datasets that collect the 1924 gold account opening balances, company- as well as line-specific financial information, and stock price quotations for all publicly traded German insurance companies during the Interwar period. The dissertation finds that during the Interwar period in the German insurance sector (Ch.2), the risk of getting discontinued prior to default (3) led companies to cater dividend payout (Ch.4) and reinsurance operations (Ch.5) to an optimistic investor clientele (Ch.6), yet in contrast to the underwriting cycle (Ch.7).
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Morgan, John Francis William. "The natural history of professionalisation and its relevance to differences in valuation methodology and practice in the United Kingdom and Germany." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265178.
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Younas, Zahid Irshad [Verfasser]. "Impact of ownership concentration and corporate governance on sustainability and stakeholder risk: An empirical Analysis of listed firms from USA, UK and Germany / Zahid Irshad Younas." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1154973026/34.
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Wang, Lingling. "CEO Risk Taking and Firm Policies: Evidence from CEO Employment History." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/finance_diss/15.
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I propose that CEO employment history is an observable characteristic that reveals the CEO’s unobservable risk-taking preferences. I hypothesize that CEOs that change employers more frequently (mobile CEOs) have a propensity to bear risk and implement riskier firm policies. Using a sample of S&P 1500 CEOs, I find that firms are more likely to hire mobile CEOs when the firm’s prior risk is high, firm-specific human capital is less important, the prior CEO turnover is forced, the prior CEO has a shorter tenure and the board is smaller and has fewer insiders. Mobile CEOs increase financial leverage, invest more in advertising and less in capital expenditures, and increase firm-specific risk. Mobile CEOs invest more (less) in R&D in homogenous (heterogeneous) industries where firm-specific knowledge is less (more) important in making investment decisions. Shareholders react positively to appointments of CEOs who change employers more frequently. I find no difference in long-run accounting performance for CEOs with different employment histories. Firms’ annual stock returns and sales growth are higher for CEOs who change employers more frequently. The cost of debt increases after the firm appoints a mobile CEO. These findings suggest that lower CEO risk aversion and the potential risk-shifting from shareholders to bondholders are sources of shareholder value increases. In sum, my findings provide evidence that CEO employment history is an observable characteristic that reveals the risk-taking preference of the CEO.
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Löbler, Helge. "Innovatives Risikoverhalten im Ost-West-Vergleich." Schäffer-Poeschel, 1998. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15271.
Full textAbstract:
Seit Ende der sechziger Jahre wird mit unterschiedlicher Intensität auf die Innovationskrise und auf den Rückgang der Investitionstätigkeit deutscher Unternehmen hingewiesen. Zur Zeit wird dieses Thema vor allem im Zusammenhang mit der abnehmenden Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
der deutschen Unternehmen im internationalen Vergleich wieder intensiv diskutiert. Mangelnde Innovationen und daraus resultierende Investitionslücken führen danach nicht nur zu einem verringerten Wirtschaftswachstum, sondern erschweren darüber hinaus auch den
noch immer nicht vollständig bewältigten Strukturwandel. Dabei scheinen Innovationen und Investitionen auch für die neuen Bundesländer von besonderer Bedeutung zu sein, wenn sie ihren Anschluß an die internationale Wettbewerbssituation bewältigen wollen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung fragt auf der Basis des Risk-/Return-
Paradoxon, ob sich das Innovationsverhalten in den neuen Bundesländern von dem in den alten Bundesländern unterscheidet.
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Andriof, Jörg. "Managing social risk through stakeholder partnership building : empirical descriptive process analysis of stakeholder partnerships from British Petroleum in Colombia and Hoechst in Germany for the management of social risk." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4011/.
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This thesis sets out to provide a systematic study of stakeholder partnership building of BP in Colombia and Hoechst in Germany in the context of social risk management. Each company built an NGO and a community partnership that became an integral part of firms' strategy. In examining and evaluating the two companies and the four stakeholder partnerships, the leading research question of how firms build stakeholder partnerships is answered. The present study seeks to identify the characteristics of stakeholder partnership building, as well as to isolate the similarities and differences of this process. Additionally, it is an attempt to define the features of the firms' social risk navigation as context of this research project. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the research phenomenon, reviews conceptual foundations, and elaborates methodological issues. The case studies of BP and Hoechst are subdivided into internal processes of social integration and reintegration with regard to the two companies, and external processes of partnership building with regard to the four stakeholder partnerships that are chronologically presented in part two. Part three conceptualises stakeholder partnership building in terms of navigating social risk and partnership alchemy. Finally, part four comprises the research synopsis and reflection. Business and society, stakeholder theory, and strategic relationships are the theoretical areas that contributed to the framework for analysing partnership building. Two longitudinal in-depth case studies provide qualitative data for the processual analysis. The empirical data are categorised, aggregated and compared, in order to extract research findings. The contribution of this research is the extension of behavioural stakeholder theory. It develops is a stakeholder partnership building theory that comprises three parts. First, the 4-Ps of stakeholder partnership building are identified. Second, variables are isolated that describe these elements of partnership alchemy. Finally, four patterns of stakeholder partnership building are identified. As a result, the research presents four propositions for partnership building. Based on the analysis of firms' navigation of social risk, a fifth proposition distinguishes between firm-specific and partnership-specific partnership building. The empirical data provides a contribution to knowledge in its own right by providing detailed insight into the practice of social risk management through stakeholder partnership building.
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Krieger, Kristian. "Putting varieties of risk-based governance into institutional context : the case of flood management regimes in Germany and England in the 1990s and 2000s." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/putting-varieties-of-riskbased-governance-into-institutional-context(6f15e0c9-fad1-409f-86d1-2ffd1358d10b).html.
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This thesis analyses how floods are managed in two European countries, focusing in particular on the role of risk instruments within emerging flood management regimes. Studying flood management is not only relevant because of a rise in frequency and severity of flood events in the 1990s and 2000s, and the expectation of a further increase due to a changing climate. It is also a particularly suitable issue to enrich our understanding of how institutions shape risk-based governance. -- Examining how institutions shape risk-based governance challenges and refines existing contributions on the rise of risk-based governance. In the literature, this rise is associated with arguments of the functional rationality of risk-based governance, in response to the particular problem of flooding, and to the wider need to deal with challenges to states as effective and legitimate problem-solvers. These arguments suggest a universal appeal and adoption of risk-based governance. -- This assumption is challenged by undertaking a comparative analysis of the flood regimes of Germany and England in the 1990s and 2000s. Germany and England are compared because, actors in both countries have, following major flood events in the 1990s and 2000s, recognised the importance of risk instruments for their emerging, more anticipatory and adaptive approaches to flood management, and are seemingly subject to similar pressures on the state actors to become more effective and accountable. At the same time, they display substantive differences in their institutions. -- In a first, descriptive step, using the risk regulation regime approach (Hood et al 2004), it will be demonstrated that risk instruments differ along three dimensions in the two countries’ regimes.
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Soga, Nomaphelo. "The cost of credit default in the vehicle finance industry in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3027.
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Thesis (MTech (Cost and Management Accounting))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019<br>The risk that borrowers may not fulfil borrowing obligation presents credit owners (lenders) with a default risk management opportunity to maximize risk-adjusted rate of return and maintain minimum exposure to default associated cost. This study investigated respondents' perception of the cost of credit default and examines requirements for default risk management (ORM) in the vehicle finance industry in South Africa. It is noted that with increased level of consumer indebtedness, an unstable economy, and high unemployment, vehicle financing faces a higher probability of default from borrowers. This descriptive investigation utilised both the quantitative and qualitative approaches using the survey method to collect data from 381 purposive, randomly selected respondents who are vehicle finance customers in South Africa; Cape Town specifically. Data collection took place in the Western Cape over a nine months period, utilising personal interview, and emails to administer open-ended questionnaires for credit managers and close-ended questionnaires, for the vehicle finances' customers, as data collection instrument. Responses received were codified and quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) while qualitative data was analysed using the content analysis of percentage of word similarities. The study found mixed and variable respondents' perception of the cost of credit default. In conclusion, it is perceived that in South Africa the cost of credit would become more costly with credit default. It can be recommended that a default risk management intervention could be applied to mitigate the risk of credit default within the context of unified credit assessment policy of South Africa.
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Fischer, Peter. "The degree of phosphorus saturation of agricultural soils in Brazil and Germany: New approaches for risk assessment of diffuse phosphorus losses and soil phosphorus management." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19589.
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Diffuse Phosphor (P)-Austräge aus der Landwirtschaft tragen zur Gewässereutrophierung bei. Der Phosphorsättigungsgrad (DPS) ist ein etablierter Parameter, um das P-Austragsrisiko aus Böden zu erfassen. Ein bodentypunabhängiger Ansatz, der die Abschätzung des DPS durch eine einfache Standardmethode wasserlöslichen P (WSP) ermöglicht (WSP-DPS-Ansatz), wurde an europäischen Böden entwickelt. In der Dissertation wurde dieser Ansatz erstmalig: i) an tropischen Böden getestet und ii) dazu verwendet P-Austragsrisiken von Boden-P-Monitoringdaten und von landwirtschaftlichen Institutionen empfohlenen P-Gehalten abzuleiten. Neben dem DPS wurde der Einfluss der in Brasilien gängigen anorganischen Oberflächendüngung auf das Austragsrisiko mittels Laboranalysen und Feldstudien erfasst. Die Bodentypunabhängigkeit des WSP-DPS-Ansatzes wurde für Böden Brasiliens bestätigt. Infrarotspektroskopische Analysen lieferten eine Erklärung für relativ niedrige gelöste P-Konzentrationen im Oberflächenabfluss von Oxisols. Pedotransferfunktionen zwischen WSP und Methoden, die in Brasilien und Deutschland zur Abschätzung pflanzenverfügbaren P verwendet werden, ermöglichten die Berechnung von DPS-Werten aus Monitoringdaten. Erste DPS-Karten zeigten relative geringe Austragsrisiken für das Untersuchungsgebiet in Brasilien und hohe Risiken für Deutschland, die teilweise durch unterschiedliche empfohlene Boden-P-Gehalte erklärbar waren. Um mit einer einfachen und kosteneffizienten Methode sowohl die landwirtschaftliche Produktion als auch den Gewässerschutz zu berücksichtigen, wurden die Wasser- und CaCl2-Methode zur Abschätzung von pflanzenverfügbarem P mit dem WSP-DPS-Ansatz kombiniert. Dieser Ansatz könnte helfen die Herausforderungen zu lösen mit denen die Menschheit in den nächsten Jahrzehnten bezüglich P in der Landwirtschaft konfrontiert sein wird: Einer effizienten Nutzung der limitierten Ressource P und dem Schutz der Gewässer vor diffusen P-Einträgen.<br>Diffuse phosphorus (P) losses from agriculture contribute to the eutrophication of surface waters. The degree of P saturation (DPS) is an established parameter for assessing the risk of P loss from agricultural soils. A soil type-independent approach for estimating the DPS by a simple standard method of water-soluble phosphorus (WSP; the WSP-DPS approach) was developed on European soils. In the thesis, the WSP-DPS approach was for the first time: i) tested on tropical soils and ii) used to derive P loss risks from soil P monitoring data and from recommended soil P levels by agricultural institutions. In addition to DPS, laboratory analyses and field studies were combined to assess the risk of P loss associated with the superficial application of inorganic fertilizer, which is commonly used in Brazil. The soil type-independency of the WSP-DPS approach was confirmed for soils of Brazil. Infrared spectroscopic analyses provided an explanation for the relatively low dissolved P concentrations in the surface runoff of Oxisols. Pedotransfer functions were determined between WSP and methods used to estimate plant-available P in Brazil and Germany and allowed for the transformation of soil P monitoring data into DPS values. The first DPS maps revealed relatively low P loss risks for the investigation area in Brazil and high risks for Germany. This difference was partly explainable by the recommended soil P levels in the two countries. To consider both agricultural production and the protection of surface waters in soil P management with a simple and cost-effective method, the soil test methods of using water and CaCl2 to estimate plant-available P and the WSP-DPS approach were combined. This approach could help to solve the challenges humanity faces regarding P in agriculture in the coming decades: An efficient use of the limited resource P and the protection of surface waters from diffuse P losses.
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Nelson, Heather E. "Rural roots, a history of the Wawanesa Mutual Insurance Company to 1943." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62808.pdf.
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Beltrán, Hernández Allan Iván. "Essays on the economic valuation of flood risk." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7174/.
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The frequency and intensity of flooding has increased over the last few decades. The UK is not an exception, despite large amounts of money invested every year in flood risk management, flooding is a prevalent issue in the country causing millions of losses every year. In this thesis we contribute to debate on the economic valuation of flood risk in the UK from a household perspective using a non-market valuation approach from the housing market. In the first chapter we investigate the capitalisation of flood risk in property prices by means of a meta-analysis. In the second and third chapters we use a repeatsales specification of a hedonic model to investigate the capitalisation of flood defences and the effect of flooding in the price of properties in England. The results suggest that the current benefit estimates used by the UK Government to determine the allocation of resources to flood relief projects results in a misallocation of resources. We highlight the importance of rethinking the strategy for flood risk management in the UK. Our results provide a sound economic basis to guide the allocation of resources for flood alleviation strategies in a socially efficient way.
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Gifford, Julie Louise. "Financial systems and risk management : the nature and role of financial services for managing poor urban livelihoods in Kampala, Uganda in 2000." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/906/.
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The concept of urban poverty has developed from a static income-based absolute approach to a holistic dynamic and complex state, embedded in livelihood assets and a vulnerability context. A variety of livelihood assets including labour, housing, intra-household, human and social capital are important for risk management strategies. Microfinance has been seen as a key panacea for livelihood development. Using the livelihoods framework this research analyses the nature of livelihoods and financial services within Bwaise, Kampala, Uganda, a poor, densely populated area with a mixture of residential and commercial activities. Financial services available in the area at the time of the research were diverse, ranging from formal banks and donor-led microfinance to cash rounds and informal loans. These financial services, mainly developed by the poor, were used to secure livelihoods with a cumulative nesting of use by the poor. The influence of external factors was high and significantly affected how the poor managed their livelihoods and impeded livelihood development. Theft, ill health and unstable employment were key factors contributing to a highly vulnerable environment. The complexity of urban livelihoods created the need for diverse financial services because expenditure requirements often outstripped income flows. A diverse range of financial services became a vital part of income and consumption smoothing risk management strategies, and these were key for protecting and managing livelihoods.
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Leseeto, Saidimu. "The role of risk management in pastoral policy development and poverty measurement : system dynamics simulation approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344349/.
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Livestock-based agriculture plays an important role in the development of sub-saharan Africa, especially those countries whose livestock industry contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In Kenya, agriculture alone accounts for 21% of the GDP and provides employment directly or indirectly to over 75% of the total labour force. The livestock industry, mainly arid rangelands, contributes 50% of the agricultural productivity. However, these Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs) are exposed to a myriad of risks affecting the environment which is the pastoral core asset. These risks arise from climatic change and variability, growth in human population and expanding settlements, changes in the land use systems, poor infrastructure, diseases, wildlife predation, and inter-ethnic conflicts. The consequences of these pastoral risks include: (1) declining per capita asset value, (2) increased health problems, (3) increased poverty, and (4) declining GDP generated from pastoralism. While a lot of resources have been invested in responding to the pastoral crisis associated with droughts, there is still inadequate understanding of the policy measures to put in place as mitigation strategies. The aims of this research are (1) identify the main pastoral risks and community response strategies, (2) assess the impact the identified risks on the wellbeing of pastoralists based on financial, human, physical, natural and social capital measurements (5 C‘s), and (3) develop a System Dynamics (SD) model to assess the holistic impact of community and government response strategies on pastoral wellbeing. Samburu district, in northern Kenya, was chosen as a study area because it is classified as 100% ASAL and experiences frequent droughts and changing land use systems. The research process involved literature synthesis, analysis of both cross-sectional and a 5-year panel data, and the development of a System Dynamics model. Cross-section data was primarily collected for the purposes of identifying the extent to which risks affect households, while the 5-year panel data was sourced from the Arid Lands Resource Management Project (ALRMP). Descriptive and empirical analysis showed that droughts, land use system and human population were considered as the main cause of shrinking rangeland productivity and as a result declining per capita livestock. This was further confirmed from the panel data analysis indicating climate variability as the main driver of pastoral wellbeing. Droughts affect rangeland pasture productivity, market prices, livestock assets, and households‘ nutritional status and poverty levels. These results imply a multifaceted nature of pastoral system with compound affects. The SD simulation result, which was run over the period January 2006 to December 2030, provided insights on policy evaluation and the state of pastoral wellbeing. Baseline scenario indicated reducing livestock ownership, causing high malnutrition and poverty rates. Strategies which incorporated rangeland rehabilitation, planned settlements, livestock disease control, insurance against droughts, reducing inter-ethnic conflicts, and timely destocking offered better policy options. These strategies resulted in reduced malnutrition, increased pasture productivity, reduced livestock losses and ultimately reducing poverty rates among the pastoral communities.
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Jordaan, Michael. "The regulation of deposit-taking financial institutions : a comparative analysis of the United Kingdom, Germany and South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55746.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1997.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Standard financial literature contains various explanations for the unique role of
deposit-taking intermediaries in an economy. None of these reasons adequately
explains the extensive degree of banking regulation evident in practice.
The nature of a deposit, which guarantees capital repayment independent of bank
performance, uniquely incentivises banks to be exposed to financial risks. In the
absence of appropriate regulation, banks may be tempted to assume an
unacceptably high level of risk that could ultimately result in bank failure. Thus, the
regulation of banking risks is justified in terms of the public interest theory whereby
banking regulation seeks to avoid the market imperfections arising from informational
asymmetries and "domino" externalities associated with bank failure. Accordingly, the
rationale of banking regulation lies in the protection of consumers and in preserving
the stability of the financial system. Direct monetary controls, on the other hand,
impact adversely on the risk-management activities of banks.
The framework utilised to analyse and compare banking regulation consists of three
broad categories namely: preventative regulation, protective regulation and monetary
requirements.
Preventative or prudential regulation is aimed at managing the levels of risks
assumed by banks. This form of regulation relates to entry requirements; limitations
on certain business activities; the disclosure of risk-related information; the adequacy
of capital resources; portfolio restrictions on risk assets; and the sufficiency of
liquidity.
Protective regulation is concerned with the immediate protection of depositors and
maintenance of overall financial stability once a bank has failed. lt consists of crisis
management measures and deposit insurance schemes.
Direct, and hence inappropriate, monetary requirements are variations in reserve
asset requirements, as well as interest rate and credit controls.
The banking systems of South Africa, the United Kingdom and Germany were
chosen to perform a comparative analysis of financial regulation.
The London financial markets are mature and a large variety of banks are regulated
in a flexible manner by the Bank of England. By contrast, the strictly regulated
German banks dominate their domestic financial system. South Africa is a hybrid of
the former systems with a modern banking industry operating in well developed
financial markets and supervised according to advanced risk-management
considerations.
The analysis of preventative and protective regulation in all three financial systems
indicates that banking regulation is indeed concerned with the regulation of banking risks. The efforts of the Bank for International Settlements to harmonise regulation
across domestic financial systems has contributed significantly to improved
regulatory techniques for the management of these risks. None of the three systems
make use of direct monetary requirements which suggest awareness of the costs
associated with such regulation.
A number of recommendations are made to improve financial regulation in South
Africa: extension of regulatory coverage to include other types of financial
intermediaries who also engage in risky activities; further relaxation of exchange
control regulations which restrict the foreign exchange risk management; the
adoption of a formal deposit protection scheme; increased consolidated supervision
by a single regulatory authority with executive powers; further deregulatory measures
in instances where regulations are not appropriate from a risk-management
perspective; and re-regulation to the extent that the risk-management activities can
be regulated more efficiently.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die finansiele literatuur bevat verskeie verklarings vir die unieke rol wat
depositonemende instellings in 'n ekonomie vervul. Geeneen van die redes verskaf
'n bevredigende verklaring vir die wye omvang van bankregulasies in die praktyk nie.
Die aard van 'n deposita is sodanig dat die terugbetaling van die kapitaalsom deur 'n
bank gewaarborg word, onafhanklik van die winsprestasie van die bank. Gevolglik
het banke die unieke eienskap om hulself aan finansiele risikos bloat te stel. Sander
gepaste regulering sou banke moontlik daartoe geneigd wees om oormatige hoe
risikovlakke na te streef wat tot bankmislukking kan lei. Die regulering van
bankrisikos vind dus bestaansreg in die teorie van openbare belang, d.w.s. dat
regulering die potensiele markmislukkings, wat voortspruit uit asimmetriese inligting
en "domino" eksternaliteite, kan voorkom. Die rasionaal van bankregulering is die
beskerming van verbruikers, asook die handhawing van 'n stabiele finansiele stelsel.
Direkte monetere beheermaatreels, daarenteen, het 'n ongunstige uitwerking op die
bestuur van risikos deur banke.
Die raamwerk waarbinne bankregulering ontleed en vergelyk word, bestaan uit drie
kategoriee, naamlik voorkomende regulering, beskermende regulering en monetere
vereistes.
Voorkomende regulering is daarop gemik om die risikos waaraan banke blootgestel
is te bestuur. Sodanige regulering verwys na toelatingsvereistes, beperkings op
sekere sake-aktiwiteite, die openbaarmaking van risiko-verwante inligting, die
toereikendheid van kapitaalhulpbronne, beperkings ten opsigte van baterisikos en
voldoende likiditeit.
Beskermende regulering is gemoeid met die beskerming van deposante en bestaan
uit krisisbeheermaatreels en depositoversekeringskemas.
Direkte (en gevolglik ontoepaslike) monetere vereistes bestaan uit veranderlike
reserwebatevereistes, asook rentekoers- en kredietbeheermaatreels.
Die bankstelsels van Suid Afrika, die Verenigde Koningkryk en Duitsland is gekies vir
'n vergelykende analise van finansiele regulering.
Die finansiele markte in Londen is hoogs ontwikkeld en 'n groat verskeidenheid en
aantal banke word op 'n pragmatiese wyse deur die Bank of England gereguleer. In
direkte teenstelling daarmee word die Duitse banke, wat hul binnelandse finansiele
markte domineer, onderwerp aan 'n streng formele toesighoudingstelsel. Die SuidAfrikaanse
finansiele stelsel bevat elemente van beide bogenoemde stelsels, by
wyse van 'n moderne banksektor, wat funksioneer in goed ontwikkelde finansiele
markte en gereguleer word ooreenkomstig gevorderde risikobestuursbeginsels.
Die analise van voorkomende en beskermende regulering in die drie finansiele
stelsels, bevestig dat bankregulering inderdaad afgestem is op die regulering van finansiele risikos. Die pogings van die Bank van lnternasiona~e Vereffeninge om die
regulasies in finansiele stelsels internasionaal met mekaar in orreenstemming te
bring het wesenlik hiertoe bygedra. Die vermyding van direkte monetere vereistes
dui verder daarop dat toesighoudende owerhede bewus is van die nadele van
sodanige regulering.
'n Aantal aanbevelings word gemaak, naamlik: meer omvattende regulering ten
einde ander finansiele instellings wat ook finansiele risikos bestuur, te dek; verdere
verslappings van valutabeheermaatreels wat tans die bestuur van wisselkoersrisiko
beperk; die totstandkoming van 'n formele depositoversekeringstelsel; 'n groter mate
van gekonsolideerde toesighouding; verdere deregulering in gevalle waar regulasies
vanuit 'n risikobestuursoogpunt nie wenslik is nie; en her-regulering in die mate
waartoe die risikobestuurspraktyke meer effektief gereguleer kan word.
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Fischer, Peter [Verfasser]. "The degree of phosphorus saturation of agricultural soils in Brazil and Germany: New approaches for risk assessment of diffuse phosphorus losses and soil phosphorus management / Peter Fischer." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1185174141/34.
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Susko, Emily Clare. "The effects of life history strategy and uncertainty on a probability-based approach to managing the risk of overfishing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76939.
Full textAbstract:
Recent U.S. legislation applies a precautionary approach to setting catch regulations in federal fisheries management. A transparent approach to complying with federal guidelines involves calculating the catch recommendation that corresponds to a specified probability, P*, of exceeding the "true" overfishing limit (OFL) located within an estimated distribution.
The P* methodology aims to manage the risk of overfishing explicitly, but choice of P* alone does not provide sufficient information on all of the risks associated with a control rule—both the probability of overfishing and the severity of overfishing. Rather, the ramifications of P* choices depend on the amount of uncertainty in the stock assessment and on the life history of the species in question. To evaluate these effects on the risks associated with P* rules, my study simulated fishing three example species under three levels of uncertainty.
Trends identified among example species were consistent with predictions from life history. Periodic strategists, which have highly variable recruitment, experienced probabilities of overfishing which exceeded P* and which increased in time. Equilibrium strategists showed more predictable risks of overfishing but may have less capacity to recover from depleted biomass levels. Differences in the size of the OFL distribution—representing differences in levels of uncertainty—led to mixed results depending on whether the distribution was biased or whether uncertainty was fully characterized. Lastly, because OFL distributions are themselves estimates and subject to uncertainty in their shape and size, lower P* values closer to the tails of the estimated distribution produced more variable resulting risks.<br>Master of Science
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何曼芳 and Man-fong Christabel Ho. "Risk analysis of Hong Kong's real estate market towards 1997 and beyond." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251456.
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Kong, Dejing. "Household risky asset choice : an empirical study using BHPS." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3471/.
Full textAbstract:
Using the BHPS data, we have carried out three empirical studies to investigate household risky asset choice in the UK. In the first study we follow appropriate econometric procedures to identify household specific factors that can be observed to influence a household’s asset choice through parameters of their objective function, such as risk aversion and habit. In the second and third study, we use techniques to explain the specific influence of various factors rather than finding what lies behind the interactions observed. Specifically, the second study is about examining the effect of retirement on household risky asset choice and investigating whether this effect would be different when house ownership is taken into account. In fact, we do find that retirement has a positive effect on risky asset shares for house owners while it has no effect on non-house owners. In the third study, we carry out an empirical study on the impact of taxation on household risky asset choice, and we find in the short run paying income tax has negative impact on individual’s risky asset shares and in the long run paying capital gain tax has positive effect on individual’s risky asset shares. Hence a possible policy implication is to increase the income tax allowance in order to provide incentives for people on low incomes to save, and to save in a balanced portfolio of low and high risk assets.
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Yandell, Andrew W. "The Potential Application of Weather Derivatives to Hedge Harvest Value Risk in the Champagne Region of France." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/359.
Full textAbstract:
In Champagne, France grape growers and and winemakers work together to make the world's most iconic sparkling wine. Part of what makes Champagne so celebrated is its reputation for constant quality: only the best grapes are used to make wine. In poor vintage years, grape growers sell less grapes to winemakers; poor vintages are the result of bad weather. This presents the opportunity for grape growers to hedge the risk of poor weather and resulting lower harvest values with weather derivatives. This study explores the potential for grape growers to trade them to effectively hedge against low harvest values by hedging against cooler weather in the month of June, when grape vines are flowering and sensitive to cold, through an empirical study of historical grape harvest and temperature data from 1952 through 2011. Weather derivatives would have provided an effective hedge against low harvest values up through 1991. After 1991, harvest sizes and therefore harvest revenues are no longer significantly correlated with weather and weather derivatives no longer provide an effective hedge against low harvest values for grape growers in Champagne.
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Sieber, Jeannette [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Baumhauer. "Impacts of Extreme Hydro-Meteorological Events on Electricity Generation and Possible Adaptation Measures – A GIS-based Approach for Corporate Risk Management and Enhanced Climate Mitigation Concepts in Germany / Jeannette Sieber. Betreuer: Roland Baumhauer." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037687833/34.
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Nordberg, Anna. "Priority setting strategies for regulatory testing of industrial chemicals." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Philosophy and the History of Technology, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4554.
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Gaitskell, Robert. "The IMECHE/IEE model forms of contract : an investigation into the history and development of the forms, with particular reference to the allocation of contractual risk, including a survey of the industry's perception." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313019.
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Åberg, Anna. "A Gap in the Grid : Attempts to introduce natural gas in Sweden 1967-1991." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teknik- och vetenskapshistoria, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121546.
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This thesis follows the process of introducing natural gas in Sweden and the construction of a Northern European gas grid from 1967 to 1991. Natural gas is a relatively unnoticed fuel in Sweden today, but this relative anonymity stands in contrast to an extensive historical activity that has taken place behind the scenes of Swedish energy policy. The single pipeline constructed between Denmark and Sweden in the early 1980s was both preceded and followed by many other attempts to construct a larger natural gas pipeline in the region made in the last 50 years. Åberg traces these attempts while discussing the complex and messy process of constructing and managing a transnational energy infrastructure.Åberg follows actors in Sweden and other countries in their attempts to negotiate and construct a natural gas infrastructure, and puts this process into a national as well as transnational context. The perceived risks and opportunities surrounding natural gas are examined, together with factors that have influenced the development of natural gas in a broader sense. By seeing the changing and messy natural gas projects as arenas where different actors construct and negotiate risks and opportunities, as well as contexualize the projects, Åberg shows how the natural gas sector in Sweden has evolved and taken shape.The study shows that natural gas in Sweden has suffered from unstable actor coalitions on different levels, a difficult market situation, and a changeful political context, especially with regard to energy policy. The import status of the fuel and the consequential transnationality of the natural gas infrastructure have also made the process of constructing a pipeline more complex. However, natural gas was introduced in Sweden, showing that when a strong enough actor coalition agreed that there was enough reason to warrant a natural gas introduction and was ready to join this endeavor, a connection could be achieved. This puts into question to what degree general explanations in terms of finance and policy drive energy decisions, and makes a case for showing how these explanations are adapted into their social and historical contexts in sometimes surprising ways.<br><p>QC 20130507</p><br>The integration of energy markets across system and nation boundaries
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Herrmann, Fiona. "Risk factors for obesity development in Caucasian and Zulu women : personal and parental weight history, weight management practices, eating behaviour and taste sensitivity : a case-control study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10932.
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Obesity is a significant health problem in South Africa and the need for intervention in this regard has been emphasized. Existing information indicates that modifiable risk factors such as diet and physical activity may be contributing to this problem. However, little other information on many of the other potential risk factors for obesity development is available. The primary aim of this study therefore was to investigate the associations between weight status, personal and parental weight history, weight management practices (including body weight and shape satisfaction), eating behaviour and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taste sensitivity in Zulu and Caucasian women using a case control design. The secondary aim was to compare Zulu and Caucasian cases as well as Zulu and Caucasian controls for key variables.
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Grimmer, Jörn. "Gesamtbanksteuerung - Theoretische und empirische Analyse des Status Quo in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz : Financial control, Risk Management and Capital Budgeting - Theoretical analysis and empirical evidence of the status quo in Germany, Austria and Switzerland." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2003. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-08162003-010019/.
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Scientists and banking industry experts agree that shareholder value orientation requires to have comprehensive financial control including risk management and capital budgeting in place. We analyse, to what extent German, Austrian and Swiss banks have implemented the multiple, complex theoretical concepts of measuring market, credit and operational risk as well as capital budgeting. The empirical study focuses on universal banks. We analyse, if there is evidence for different financial goals and according differences in the financial control system due to different equity-/ shareholders of private, savings and rural banks.
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Owen, Gregory T. "Analysis of Background Check Policy in Higher Education." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/98.
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In the higher education environment today, lack of agreement about background checks between campus community members, fueled by unresolved tensions between security and privacy, has led many universities to adopt a patchwork of fragmented background check policies. Many of these policies have been created and accepted without careful consideration of the wide array of risks and complexities involved with background checks. This policy analysis examined the experiences and history behind Georgia Institute of Technology’s adoption of background check policy. This was achieved through interviewing relevant constituents and analyzing of all available/related official policy documents associated with Georgia Tech’s Pre-employment Background Check Policy and Program. This dissertation presents a chronological account of the events and influences associated with Georgia Tech’s adoption and revision of background check policy. Results of this study offer valuable insights and recommendations for further study in order to assist higher education policy makers and HR professionals at other universities in making more informed decisions regarding the challenges involved with background check, and similar, policy. Some of these insights include an awareness of societal tensions that exist between privacy and security policy; the importance of understanding how national, local, and organizational level triggering events have shaped and contributed to higher education background check policy that is based on a general concern for security; and my recommendation for further study into background check policy as it will relate to the higher matriculation process.
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Chiu, John. "An examination, planning and control & the management process, to better performance and profitability or : the management process to improve performance for better profitability." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/850/.
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Everest and Blanc (E&B) is at a crossroad. It grew from a ‘mom and pop’ operation into a small professional firm and plateaued. Thus, there is a desire to bring about operation efficiency, followed by expansion of the company. In order to be successful, a systematic decision making process is necessary to ensure a high probability of success, and able to pinpoint dysfunctions early for improvement. In addition, implementing processes need careful consideration and progress monitoring. This study was founded on these premises using M2 mode research methodology to establish an optimal structural course of action by surveying paradigms of management theories and concepts. The study began with an exposition on research methodologies and focused on the M2 research mode. It continued on with considering operations topics (micro concerns), extending to general issues (macro concerns) in conjunction with management theories and concepts. Finally a decision making model was shaped and applied to E&B. During the process, several important decisions were made, grounded on the findings on the research, such as relocating the corporate office anticipating expansion. Overall, the changes introduced, the process of change, the decision-making process, and implementation were all effective. The decision making model, SOMM, Strato Operation Management Model, is an extension of both Ansoff’s and Anthony’s management models together with the decision-making process. The emphasis is on the relationship of the system structure’s characteristics where it is symbolized by a matryoshka representing the three management modules (Strategic Management, Management Control and Planning and Tactical Operation) nesting within each other. Relating to the overall strategic and management control and planning competency, the workhorse is a combination of defensive and offensive approaches together with evaluation methodologies to capture emerging and unintended strategies and to control performance; whereas the tactical operation process is to bring about efficiency and effectiveness. These are new knowledge and policies cast into members of E&B. It is, therefore, fundamental that careful interventions are necessary to cause changes by motivation and to align goal congruency. Further, the inquiry had specifically focused on the needs of E&B, it did not preclude application to other organizations. For academics, it may be an engaging topic for further empirical studies advancing knowledge in management and operations. With respect to a wider world application, it was also concluded that the findings for E&B are applicable and adaptable to other professional and business concerns as innovative tools to their problems and issues.
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Silfverdal, Lena. "Cervical cancer prevention : studies on outcome of cervical screening and on management of abnormal cytology findings." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-39862.
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Background Screening by cytology has been highly effective in reducing the incidence and mortality from squamous invasive cervical cancer (ICC), but the effectiveness is less established regarding non-squamous ICC and regarding women above screening ages and below 30 years of age. Cervical cancer still occurs despite the presence of an organised screening programme. A substantial proportion of screened women with ICC are reported to have had previous abnormal cytology findings. The significance of negative cytology with limited evaluation is not quite determined, the most effective management of women with low-grade abnormalities is controversial, and evaluation of long-term effect of different treatment methods is limited. Aims To identify possible areas of improvements in the prevention of cervical cancer by evaluating the effectiveness of the Swedish cervical screening programme, and by exploring risk factors for ICC in the cytological screening histories and in the management of women with abnormal cytology findings. Methods The screening histories of all ICC cases in Sweden 1999-2001 (n=1230) and of five population-based control women per case were reviewed, using data from the Swedish Cancer Registry, the national population register, the Swedish national cervical screening quality register, histopathological reports and questionnaires to clinicians. The risk of cervical cancer according to screening histories 0.5-6.5 years before cancer diagnosis was estimated as odds ratios (ORs) in logistic regression models with 95% confidence interval (CI) (Paper I). Risk related to different cytological reports was assessed in women below 67 years of age with cytology (n=572, n=3569) in Paper II. The initial follow-up of women with abnormal or unsatisfactory cytology reports (n=159, n=258) was evaluated in Paper III, and further investigation and treatment of abnormalities (n=143 cases, n=176 controls) in Paper IV. Results The cancer cases were above screening ages (31%), had not been screened according to recommendations (33%), had negative cytology (23%), or had previous positive screening tests (13%). No screening within the recommended interval increased the risk of squamous (OR 2.97, 95% CI 2.51-3.50) as well as non-squamous cancer (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.20-2.11), and increased the risk in all ages. Negative cytology with partially obscuring factors and unsatisfactory cytology increased the risk of subsequent early stage ICC. All cytological abnormalities increased the risk of ICC, and women with glandular atypia or atypia in cells of uncertain origin carried a particularly high risk (OR 11.69, 95% CI 7.02-19.46). After a low-grade squamous abnormal smear finding, further investigation with biopsy was more effective than repeated cytology (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24-0.89). Lack of biopsy increased the risk in women with both low-grade and high-grade squamous abnormalities. Neither repeat cytology, nor biopsy, decreased the risk in women with glandular atypia or atypia in cells of uncertain origin. Treatment decreased the risk, even when the biopsy before treatment was negative or showed low-grade atypia only. Ablative therapy was less effective than excision and laser conisation was the most effective therapy. Conclusions Improved adherence to screening recommendations and including older women at increased risk in the programme would have significant cancer preventive gains. Women with negative cytology with limited evaluation and with unsatisfactory cytology may need further evaluation. Assessment with biopsy should be recommended for women with low-grade as well as high-grade squamous abnormalities. The diagnosing of precancer lesions and the identification of women in need of treatment warrant improvements, in particular in cases of glandular or “other” atypia in cytology. Treatment techniques need further evaluation.
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Kube, Sven. "Born in the U.S.A. / Made in the G.D.R.: Anglo-American Popular Music and the Westernization of a Communist Record Market." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3656.
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Scholars from various disciplines have demonstrated that popular culture factored significantly in Cold War contestation. As a pervasive form of cultural content and unifying medium for baby boomers worldwide, pop music played an important part in the power struggle between the era’s two adversarial camps. Historical studies of the past thirty years have identified initiatives of cultural diplomacy, from radio broadcasting to live concert tours, as key to disseminating Western music in Eastern Bloc societies. This project explains how cultural commerce across the divide of the Iron Curtain familiarized millions of music fans in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) with popular sounds from the United States, the United Kingdom, and other Western democracies. Detailing a process that affected all Bloc states in similar ways, it seeks to enrich the scholarly discourse on the role of pop culture in the twentieth century’s defining ideological conflict.
Through analysis of previously unavailable or inaccessible sources, the dissertation reconstructs the economic development of a communist culture industry and measures the commercial significance of Western commodities in one Eastern Bloc marketplace. Drawing on untapped archival files, it traces the evolution of Deutsche Schallplatten (German Records) from a small private firm into a flagship enterprise on the GDR’s cultural circuit. It illuminates how dependency on technology and resources from capitalist countries prompted East Germany’s managers to prioritize the westward export of classical recordings for the purpose of earning hard currencies. Based on oral histories of contemporary witnesses, it documents how the Amiga label through the parent company’s business ties to capitalist partners advanced the import of Western jazz, blues, rock, pop, and dance music to exhaust the purchasing power of the home audience. Empirically evaluating formerly classified production data for a total of 143 million records, it reveals how the state-owned monopolist engineered a de facto takeover of the domestic marketplace by American, British, and West German performers to achieve high profitability. The dissertation argues that intensifying Westernization of its walled-in music market exemplified the GDR’s decision to concede the Cold War battle over cultural preferences and political loyalties of its citizens out of economic necessity.
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Smith, Matthew K. "Trend yields and the crop insurance program." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13748.
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Master of Agribusiness<br>Department of Agricultural Economics<br>Allen M. Featherstone<br>Multiple Peril Crop Insurance (MPCI) is a federally subsidized crop insurance program designed to mitigate risk for farmers across the United States. Many changes in technology and weather have increased yields in recent years. This has caused some to argue for the crop insurance program to consider yield trends when setting yields for the producer. This thesis evaluates alternative Actual Production History (APH) methods for corn to determine differences in the methods and the resulting APH.
The key issue to be evaluated is that a producer’s APH may not be reflective of their “yield goal.” The thesis examined how the APH can differ under alternative methods of calculating an APH. Some methods examined are currently used by the Risk Management Agency (RMA). Other methods are hypothetical alternatives. This study examines alternative methods on a national, county, and a farm level.
This thesis demonstrates that adjusting APHs for yield trends provides a higher APH than an un-trended APH. The 7 Year Olympic Trended APH provides the highest APH in most cases for all the methods examined. The RMA Un-trended APH proved to provide the least yield on average for all methods examined. This demonstrates the importance of adjusting for yield trends to factor in agricultural technology advancements over time.
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Kirchhelle, Claas. "Pyrrhic progress : antibiotics and western food production (1949-2013)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:08832606-eeb5-45a7-a0a4-33eb28f74d3e.
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This dissertation addresses the history of antibiotic use in British and US food production between 1950 and 2013. Introduced to agriculture in the 1950s, antibiotics underpinned the 20th-century revolution in Western food production. However, from the late 1950s onwards, controversies over antibiotic resistance, residues and animal welfare began to tarnish antibiotics' image. By mapping both the enthusiasm and the controversies surrounding antibiotic use, this dissertation shows how distinct civic epistemologies of risk influenced consumers', producers' and officials' attitudes towards antibiotics. These differing risk perceptions did not emerge by chance: in Britain, popular animal welfare concerns fused with new scenarios of antibiotic resistance and drove reform. Following 1969, Britain pioneered antibiotic resistance regulation by banning certain feed antibiotics. However, subsequent reforms were only partially implemented, and total antibiotic consumption failed to sink. Meanwhile, scandals and public pressure forced the American FDA to install the first comprehensive monitoring program for antibiotic residues. However, differing public priorities and industrial opposition meant that the FDA failed to convince Congress of resistance-inspired bans. The transatlantic regulatory gap has since widened: following the BSE crisis, the EU phased out growth-promoting antibiotic feeds in 2006. The US proclaimed only a voluntary and partial ban of antibiotic feeds in December 2013. In the face of contemporary warnings about failing antibiotics, the dissertation shows how one group of substances acquired different meanings for different communities. It also reveals that the dilemma of antibiotic regulation is hardly new. Despite knowing about antibiotic allergies and resistance since the 1940s, no country has managed to solve the dilemma of preserving antibiotics' economic benefits whilst containing their medical risks. Historically, effective antibiotic regulation emerged only when differing perceptions of antibiotics were broken down either by sustained regulatory reform or large crises.
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Adams, Gator. "Is Silence The Answer?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1606.
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This study examines the relationship between company management guidance, and ex-ante crash risk over the duration of 2008(Jan 2006-Dec 2009) financial crisis using the implied volatility skew, which is based upon ex-ante volatility implied by the pricing model developed by Black-Scholes (1973). The study finds that over the duration of this crisis period, management guidance decreases with a rise in ex-ante crash risk. Further, the study provides evidence on the relationship of management guidance and earnings volatility, and how that is affected by a firm's industry product concentration based on the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) score.
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Tröger, Ralph. "Supply Chain Event Management – Bedarf, Systemarchitektur und Nutzen aus Perspektive fokaler Unternehmen der Modeindustrie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-155014.
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Supply Chain Event Management (SCEM) bezeichnet eine Teildisziplin des Supply Chain Management und ist für Unternehmen ein Ansatzpunkt, durch frühzeitige Reaktion auf kritische Ausnahmeereignisse in der Wertschöpfungskette Logistikleistung und -kosten zu optimieren.
Durch Rahmenbedingungen wie bspw. globale Logistikstrukturen, eine hohe Artikelvielfalt und volatile Geschäftsbeziehungen zählt die Modeindustrie zu den Branchen, die für kritische Störereignisse besonders anfällig ist. In diesem Sinne untersucht die vorliegende Dissertation nach einer Beleuchtung der wesentlichen Grundlagen zunächst, inwiefern es in der Modeindustrie tatsächlich einen Bedarf an SCEM-Systemen gibt.
Anknüpfend daran zeigt sie nach einer Darstellung bisheriger SCEM-Architekturkonzepte Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten für eine Systemarchitektur auf, die auf den Designprinzipien der Serviceorientierung beruht. In diesem Rahmen erfolgt u. a. auch die Identifikation SCEM-relevanter Business Services. Die Vorzüge einer serviceorientierten Gestaltung werden detailliert anhand der EPCIS (EPC Information Services)-Spezifikation illustriert.
Abgerundet wird die Arbeit durch eine Betrachtung der Nutzenpotenziale von SCEM-Systemen. Nach einer Darstellung von Ansätzen, welche zur Nutzenbestimmung infrage kommen, wird der Nutzen anhand eines Praxisbeispiels aufgezeigt und fließt zusammen mit den Ergebnissen einer Literaturrecherche in eine Konsolidierung von SCEM-Nutzeffekten. Hierbei wird auch beleuchtet, welche zusätzlichen Vorteile sich für Unternehmen durch eine serviceorientierte Architekturgestaltung bieten.
In der Schlussbetrachtung werden die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse der Arbeit zusammengefasst und in einem Ausblick sowohl beleuchtet, welche Relevanz die Ergebnisse der Arbeit für die Bewältigung künftiger Herausforderungen innehaben als auch welche Anknüpfungspunkte sich für anschließende Forschungsarbeiten ergeben.
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Robson, Eleanor Dezateux. "Improvement and environmental conflict in the northern fens, 1560-1665." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290033.
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This thesis examines 'improvement' of wetland commons in early modern England as a contested process of rapid environmental change. As a flagship project of agrarian improvement, drainage sought to alchemise pastoral fen commons into arable enclosed terra firma and promised manifold benefits for crown, commoners, and commonwealth alike. In practice, however, improvement schemes generated friction between the political and fiscal agendas of governors and projectors and local communities' customary ways of knowing and using wetland commons, provoking the most sustained and violent agrarian unrest of the seventeenth century. This thesis situates the first state-led drainage project in England, in the northern fens of Hatfield Level, in the context of the local politics of custom, national legal and political developments, and international movements of capital, expertise, and refugees; all of which intersected to reshape perceptions and management of English wetlands. Drawing on the analytic perspectives of environmental history, this thesis explores divergent ideas and practices generating conflict over the making of private property, reorganisation of flow, and reconfiguration of lived environments. This thesis argues that different 'environing' practices - both mental and material - distinguished what was seen as an ordered or disordered landscape, determined when and how water was understood as a resource or risk, and demarcated different scales and forms of intervention. Rival visions of the fenscape, ways of knowing land and water, and concepts of value and justice were productive of, and produced by, different practices of management, ownership, and use. Drainage disputes therefore crossed different spheres of discourse and action, spanning parliament, courtroom, and commons to bring improvement into dialogue with fen custom and generate a contentious environmental politics. In seven substantive chapters, this thesis investigates how improvement was imagined, legitimised, and enacted; how fen communities experienced and navigated rapid environmental transformation; and how political, social, and spatial boundaries were reforged in the process. By grounding improvement in the early modern fenscape, this thesis reintegrates agency into accounts of inexorable socio-economic change, illuminates ideas at work in social contexts, and deepens understandings of environmental conflict.
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Erler, Felix. "Downstream-Risiken in der automobilen Wertschöpfungskette: Instrument zur Risikobewältigung in der Kundenbeziehung von Automobilzulieferern." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-169949.
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Die Automobilzulieferindustrie ist von einem Risikotransfer betroffen. Neben der Anzahl der Risiken steigt auch die Schadenshöhe. Weiterhin sind die Auswirkungen sowie die Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeiten zunehmend schwerer zu beurteilen. Unter diesem Aspekt gewinnt das Risikomanagement in automobilen Wertschöpfungsketten eine enorme Bedeutung.
Die Dissertation klärt, welche Downstream-Risiken für Automobilzulieferer in der Wertschöpfungskette bestehen, welche Bedeutung diese haben, und führt Maßnahmen der Risikobewältigung zusammen. Dies erfolgt für sechs Risikokomplexe: Stückzahl und Forecastqualität, Wertschöpfungstiefe, Produktentwicklung, Prozessentwicklung, Kundeneinkäufer und Plattform- und Modulbauweise in den Schnittstellen zwischen OEM und 1st-tier Lieferanten sowie zwischen 1st-tier Lieferanten und 2nd-tier Lieferanten. Einerseits liefert die Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Risikoforschung zu Supply Chain Risks und andererseits richten sich die Ergebnisse an die Automobilzulieferer, indem ein aggregiertes Instrument zur Risikobewältigung vorgestellt wird. Dazu wurden bei 95 Automobilzulieferern Intensivinterviews durchgeführt. Die zusammenfassenden Erkenntnisse mündeten in ein spezifisches Risikomanagementmodell. Im Ergebnis wurden 29 Downstream-Risiken identifiziert, bewertet und 40 Risikobewältigungsmaßnahmen mit 125 Untermaßnahmen erarbeitet.
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POHLE, FRASER Monika. "Noisy optimists : risk management in French and German banks in the 19th and early 20th centuries." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5944.
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Defence date: 29 March 1999<br>Examining Board: Prof. Albert Carerras (Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona), co-supervisor ; Prof. Peter Hertner (University of Halle), supervisor ; Prof. Alain Plessis (Université Paris X Nanterre) ; Prof. Jaime Reis (European University Institute)<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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KÄMPER, Eckard. "Decision making under risk in organisations: the case of German waste management." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5323.
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Defence date: 10 February 1999<br>Examining board: Prof. Colin Crouch (EUI) ; Prof. Adrienne Héritier (EUI, supervisor) ; Prof. Wolfgang Krohn (Universität Bielefeld) ; Prof. Karl-Heinz Ladeur (EUI)<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Thieken, Annegret [Verfasser]. "Floods, flood losses and flood risk management in Germany / von Annegret H. Thieken." 2008. http://d-nb.info/993936245/34.
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Pense, Christine M. "Risk response systems." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3341189.
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Gericke, Robert Carsten. "Corporate Governance & Risk Management in Financial Institutions: An International Comparison between Brazil and Germany." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11144/1184.
Full textAbstract:
In this monograph, we have discussed various aspects of corporate governance and risk
management from an international viewpoint and with a special focus on Brazil and Germany
as well as banking, taking into account the developments since the beginning of the latest
financial crisis in 2007/2008.
Clearly, Brazil and Germany are quite different countries – culturally and economically. Still,
there are some similarities, reflected for instance in total market capitalization of listed
companies or the Open Budget Index.
In terms of corporate governance, we could confirm that the general impression is still that of
clear differences, but when looking deeper into the different topics, we found that diff erences
are diminishing as Brazil is improving in these areas, while Germany appears to progress
quite slowly.
With regards to risk management, differences are perceived to be strong overall, but appear to
be muted in the area of financial services, certainly due to strict and similar or even identical
regulation (e.g. Basel III).
Our analysis of data from surveys used for this study shows that there have been moderate
increases in perceived quality, regulation and importance of both, risk management and
corporate governance. This is largely true for both countries; still we found that especially
regarding corporate governance, such increases have been lower or even non-existent in
Germany.
The reason might be that the Brazilian society feels a stronger necessity to improve in those
areas than that of Germany, which might have started from a higher level. Still, the crises
(financial and European sovereign) have had more impact – although still moderate – on
Germany than on Brazil.
The hypotheses that corporate governance and risk management had become more important
over the 2007-2013 period could however not be fully confirmed, given that results of the
analysis of annual reports did not produce consistent results.
Agreement existed amongst participants in our survey that risk management is a part of
corporate governance, although also here, affirmation from participants covering Germany
was weaker than that from respondents working in Brazil.
Consequently, we believe that risk management should be included as a section in its own
right in those corporate governance codes where this is not yet the case today. This would also help to further strengthen the conceptual integration of risk management as part of
corporate governance and might support the advancement of both.
Furthermore, the establishment of risk-, advisory- and remuneration-committees (where not
already in place) and Family Councils for family-owned businesses might be helpful to instill
more discipline and achieve a higher internal independence.
In summary, no major changes have been perceived to have taken place in the areas of
corporate governance and risk management since the beginning of the financial crisis, while it
is evident that a number of (regulatory) developments have occurred during t hat period. They
may however have been relatively constant and were therefore, subjectively, less noted, or
expectations had been higher so that the actions taken appear weak in the perception of our
respondents.
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Ozgode, Onur. "Governing the Economy at the Limits of Neoliberalism: The Genealogy of Systemic Risk Regulation in the United States, 1922-2012." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D818355J.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation traces the genealogy of systemic risk as a pathology of monetary government of the economy and systemic risk regulation as a regulatory regime to govern this governmental problem as instituted under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act of 2010. Using resilience and vulnerability as diagnostic categories, it reconstructs the history of economic government since the New Deal as a recursive problem-solving process, plagued with negative feedback loops. It shows how different groups of experts, acting as policy entrepreneurs, problematized and framed the economy as a crisis-prone system and how they tried to reduce the catastrophe risk in the economy without restricting economic activity and growth. In doing this, the dissertation details the proposals as well as the actual governmental apparatuses set up to represent and format the economy. It argues that systemic risk regulation emerges at the intersection of two distinct, but historically interrelated genealogical threads, systemic risk and vulnerability reduction. It shows that while systemic risk has been articulated in different ways since the 1920s, its emergence in its contemporary form took place with the rise of the monetary government in the 1970s. Under monetary government, the financial system was reformatted as a vital credit-supply infrastructure that functioned as a monetary policy transmission mechanism. A critical aspect of this reformatting was the cultivation of an increasingly leveraged financial system that relied on short-term lending markets for operational liquidity. The outcome of this development, in turn, was the reframing of systemic risk as the catastrophe risk that the failure of a firm participating in these markets would result in a system-wide collapse and thereby a depression. Vulnerability reduction, in contrast, was conceived by a group of experts working in New Deal resource planning agencies between the early 1930s and the mid-1950s. This governmental technology was concerned with the resilience of the economic system to low probability but high impact macroeconomic shocks. Within this governmental strategy, the primary objective was to reduce the vulnerability of certain points of interdependence that were considered to be critical and strategic nodes within the economic system. The dissertation argues that the rise of systemic risk regulation signifies the convergence of systemic risk and vulnerability reduction for the first time since these two genealogical threads were separated in the post-Truman period. In this respect, this development points to the remapping of vulnerability reduction onto financial ontology of substantive credit flows and thus the rearticulation of monetary government with systemic tools such as network and catastrophe modeling in a substantive form.
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Shen, Xiaomeng [Verfasser]. "Flood risk perception and communication within risk management in different cultural contexts : a comparative case study between Wuhan, China and Cologne, Germany / vorglegt von Xiaomeng Shen." 2009. http://d-nb.info/996583017/34.
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Kosater, Peter [Verfasser]. "Application of non-linear time series models to power risk management: a case study for Germany / vorgelegt von Peter Kosater." 2006. http://d-nb.info/984854843/34.
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