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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Risks prevention'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

SANTOS, MYRIAM BRITTO DOS. "ERGONOMICS, MENTAL WORKLOAD, RISKS, AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION: THE CASE OF HISTOTECHNICIANS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11694@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Em uma pesquisa descritiva e de estudo de campo, buscou-se avaliar quais indicadores de carga mental (CM) de trabalho são predominantes para a produção de acidentes em uma tarefa de microtomia. A carga mental depende das exigências da tarefa e do grau de mobilização do sujeito, da fração de sua capacidade de trabalho que ele investiu na tarefa, considerando-se que o grau de prazer e satisfação no trabalho pode variar em função da natureza da tarefa executada. Partiu-se da hipótese que os fatores de carga mental de trabalho associados ao risco de acidentes a que está exposto o operador no manuseio do micrótomo rotativo representam fonte de sofrimento psíquico. Os sinais de sofrimento psíquico podem ser vinculados à realização de tarefas consideradas perigosas e, muitas atividades de trabalho podem ocasionar desgastes e custos para o indivíduo de ordem física, mental, emocional e afetiva. Foi relevante examinar quais foram os fatores organizacionais referentes às condições ambientais e aos horários de trabalho, para uma ação preventiva, em conjunto aos fatores predominantes de carga mental. O suporte metodológico da pesquisa envolveu a elaboração de um questionário adaptado do método L.E.S.T. (Laboratório de Economia e Sociologia do Trabalho) que avalia a carga mental a partir de quatro indicadores, a saber, constrangimento de tempo; complexidade/rapidez; atenção, e minúcia. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a variável complexidade-rapidez, minúcia e atenção podem ser consideradas como efetores para carga mental. A variável denominada fatores psicossociais não mostrou eficácia durante este processo de análise. Um aspecto relatado está associado aos acidentes produzidos durante a operação do equipamento e sua manutenção.
In a descriptive research and in a field study, we evaluated which indicators of mental workload are dominant factors in accident production in a microtomy task. The mental workload depends on the task demands and on the degree of mobilization of the worker, which is the fraction of his/her work capacity invested in the task considering itself that the degree of pleasure and satisfaction in work could vary as a function of the nature of executed task.From the hypothesis that the factors of mental workload associated to accident risks to which operators are exposed during handling of a rotative microtome represent a source of psychic suffering. The signals of psychic suffering could be related to the accomplishment of tasks considered as dangerous and many work activities could cause physical, mental, emotional and affective wearing and costs to individuals. Examining which organizational factors are related to environmental conditions and to working hours was relevant to a preventive action, as well as the dominant factors of mental workload. The research methodology involved the preparation of a questionnaire adapting the L.E.S.T. (Laboratoire d`Economie et Sociologie du Travail) method that evaluates the mental workload by four indicators, which are time constraint; complexity/ swiftness; attention; and detail. The results showed that complexity/swiftness, detail and attention indicators could be considered as effective indicators of mental workload. The indicator psychosocials factors did not presented efficacy in this analytical procedure. A reported feature is associated to accidents happening during the handling of equipment and its maintenance.
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Dalton, Michael. "Challenges, risks, and benefits of doing HIV/AIDS prevention/support work in rural communities." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107569.

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AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) have a central role in providing HIV/AIDS related services to rural communities in Ontario, Canada. To date, very little information has been published on the experience of people employed by ASOs who work in rural Canadian communities. In an effort to learn more about this important topic, this research explored the challenges, risks and benefits people in the field associate to their work. Using A. Giorgi (1985) and B. Giorgi (2006) phenomenological method a purposive sample of three participants were interviewed on two separate occasions. From 179 significant statements, 23 themes emerged to be part of three categories that included: Rural Communities, AIDS Service Organizations, and Workers' Experiences. Through the unfolding of the participants' experiences it became apparent that HIV / AIDS remains a complex phenomenon that is influenced by the structural aspects of Society.
Les organismes offrant des services dans le domaine du VIH/SIDA jouent un rôle central dans l'offre de services en matière de VIH/SIDA auprès des communautés rurales de l'Ontario, au Canada. Jusqu'à présent, très peu d'infonnation a été publiée sur l'expérience vécue par les gens employés par ces organismes dans les communautés rurales canadiennes. Afin d'en apprendre davantage sur ce sujet d'un grand intérêt, la présente recherche a pour but d'explorer les défis, les risques et les bénéfices que ces gens perçoivent dans leur travail. En se basant sur une méthode phénoménologique de A. Giorgi (1985) et de B. Giorgi (2006), un échantillon de trois participants a été ciblé. Pour ce qui est des entrevues, elles ont été conduites auprès de chaque participant à deux occasions différentes. Les 179 commentaires des participants qui étaient pertinents ont pennis d'identifier 23 thèmes qui ont été divisés en trois catégories: les communautés rurales, les organismes offrant des services dans le domaine du VIH/SIDA et l'expérience vécue par les gens employés par ces organismes. En parcourant l'expérience décrite par les participants, il est apparu évident que le VIH/SIDA demeure un phénomène complexe qui est grandement influencé par les structures et les caractéristiques de la société.
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3

Mrdjen, Igor. "Harmful Algal Blooms in Small Lakes: Causes, Health Risks, and Novel Exposure Prevention Strategies." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531135626251706.

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4

Martinsson, Fredrik, and Irma Haglund. "Effekter av sjuksköterskans handhavande av PVK." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-42644.

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Bakgrund: Perifer venkateter är ett vanligt förekommande ingrepp i modern sjukvård därför är det viktigt att vara medveten om vilka risker det innebär, och vad sjuksköterskan kan göra för att förhindra komplikationer. Det finns lagar och riktlinjer som sjuksköterskan ska hålla sig till för att ge en god vård. Syfte: Att beskriva effekter av sjuksköterskans handhavande av PVK hos patienterna inom slutenvården. Metod: En litteraturöversikt har genomförts där tio artiklar med kvantitativ ansats inkluderades, dessa analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs trestegs-modell. Resultat: Fem faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans handhavande framkom i resultatet: hygien, komplikationer, kunskap, PVKegenskaper/placering och tid. Dessa presenteras med hjälp av tabeller. Slutsats: Det visade tydligt hur viktig sjuksköterskans handhavande är då det är just sjuksköterskan som kan arbeta för att förhindra och förebygga komplikationer, bara genom att vara uppmärksam på sina patienter och vara medveten om sina egna attityder och egenskaper. Det behövs mer forskning inom området och det är högst aktuellt att fortsätta forska inom.
Background: Peripheral venous catheter [PVC] is a common occurrence in modern health care, therefore it is important to be aware of the risks it involves and what the nurse can do to prevent complications. There are laws and guidelines that the nurse should be aware of to provide a good care. Aim: The aim of this study is to show the effects of the nurse care of PVC in patients in hospital. Method: A literature review has been made where ten articles with quantitative assumptions were included, which were analyzed using the Friberg three-step model. Result: Five different factors affecting the nurse's operation were found in the results: hygiene, complications, knowledge, PVC characteristics / location and time. These are presented with the help of tables. Conclusion: It clearly showed how important the nurse’s handling is, since it is the nurse that can work to prevent and forestall complications, just by being observant with their patients and by being aware of their own attitudes and abilities. There´s not enough research in the field and it is highly relevant to continue researching within.
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West, Bethany A. "A Closer Look at Gender Specific Risks in Youth Suicidal Behavior Trends: Implications for Prevention Strategies." restricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12052008-154812/.

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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Monica H. Swahn, committee chair; Frances McCarty, committee member. Description based on contents viewed June 19., 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69).
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Estrada, Díaz Gabriela. "Mise en pratique de la politique de prévention de catastrophes au Mexique : Enjeux en milieu urbain : Le cas de la ville de Minatitlán." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1076/document.

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La thèse part d'une interrogation sur la mesure dans laquelle l'État mexicain s'est doté des moyens de réponse vis à vis les défis en matière de prévention des risques majeurs. Si le pays est plutôt bien préparé pour affronter l'urgence et qu'on arrive à reconstruire les infrastructures endommagées lors des événements catastrophiques grâce aux moyens financiers mis à disposition, force est de reconnaître que les catastrophes naturelles comme technologiques se produisent à répétition et qu'on n'arrive pas à aménager le territoire de sorte que les dangers existants ne deviennent pas des catastrophes, notamment en milieu urbain.Le cas d'étude, la ville de Minatitlán, dévoile les enjeux et carences de l'intervention de l'État en matière de prévention de risques. À Minatitlán, la nature est sévère et produit des inondations à répétition, mais l'humain a eu sa part de responsabilité au moment de choisir une localisation difficile pour l'implantation d'un peuplement. Plus tard, les conditions de l'urbanisation et production de l'habitat se sont peu souciées de réduire les dangers. L'implantation de l'industrie pétrolière dans la région n'a fait qu'accroître la pression urbaine et rendu plus difficile le contrôle de l'urbanisation spontanée et la sécurisation des logements. Apparaît ainsi une situation de risque qui concerne plusieurs milliers d'habitants et dont l'issue n'est pas claire vu les carences de l'action publique en matière d'aménagement urbain et prévention des risques majeurs.Le questionnement ultime de cette recherche se trouve dans les conditions de mise en opération de la politique de prévention de risques majeurs au Mexique, à savoir, les enjeux locaux, géographiques, socio-économiques, institutionnels et socio-culturels, qui vont conditionner son efficacité. Le cadre conceptuel choisi pour structurer cette thèse repose sur une compréhension des milieux urbains et leur vulnérabilité, dans leur multi-dimensionnalité.La thèse se structure en trois parties. La première pose les bases de l'étude dans le but de comprendre comment il fallait approcher le cas d'étude. La seconde partie de la thèse fait deux analyses qui reposent sur des documents et données assez facilement accessibles au Mexique. Une troisième et dernière partie porte sur les facteurs socio-culturels de vulnérabilité, et notamment sur la représentation sociale du risque et de la catastrophe, puisqu'elle a un impact direct sur les réactions individuelles et collectives face aux risques et aux sinistres.Le cas de Minatitlán confirme l'étroite relation entre le développement urbain et les dangers d'un site. La compréhension du risque comme opportunité et son lien indissociable avec l'histoire de la ville permet d'expliquer les traits de l'urbanisation à Minatitlán. La recherche constate que dans la configuration actuelle du paysage institutionnel et social autour de la problématique des risques, bien de groupes sociaux et institutionnels s'y accommodent de la situation actuelle, peu propice à un véritable accroissement de la résilience de la ville de Minatitlán face aux risques qui peuvent s'aggraver dans un contexte de réchauffement de la planète.La politique de protection civile privilégiée par le Mexique, guide une action publique pyramidale du haut vers le bas, où chaque échelon du gouvernement contribue à la gestion de la catastrophe selon ses moyens. Au bout de cette chaîne d'intervention se trouvent les sinistrés, chez qui on a estompé toute initiative de participation active à la prévention.Dans cet état de choses, il semble peu probable qu'un changement dans l'approche de l'action publique se produise dans le futur proche : le cadre institutionnel se consolide de plus en plus dans sa configuration actuelle, et les populations qui auraient intérêt à ce que les choses évoluent, n'articulent aucune demande dans ce sens
This dissertation explores the responses developed by the Mexican government for tackling the challenges presented by natural and man-made risks. The country counts indeed with a number of strategies for managing emergencies, and it performs quite well on reconstructing infrastructures and facilities on the aftermath of the numerous natural disasters that afflict its territory every year. This is possible thanks to the financial means available for reconstruction in the national annual budget. However, the recurrence of natural and man-made disasters, indicate a lack of planning policies and practices that could actually prevent that the existing risks become real disasters, specially in urban areas.The case of study is the city of Minatitlán. This city offers an example of how the disaster prevention policy lacks effectiveness on reducing major risks. In Minatitlán, nature is harsh and inflicts recurring floods in its territory, but human groups have certainly some responsibility in the repetition of disasters since they choose a location rather inadequate for urbanization, and implemented low-resilient development patterns. When oil industry established in the area, it reinforced the characteristics of urbanization (illegal settlements) and contributed to weaken the resistance of the settlement to disasters.At the heart of this study lays an interrogation about the operational conditions of a national disaster prevention policy in Mexico, given the local conditions that intervene in its effectiveness: geographical, socio-economical, institutional and socio-cultural frames. Therefore, the study focuses on a global comprehension of urban systems and how different elements relate to produce a specific condition of vulnerability, taking into account the multi-dimensionality of the concept.The study is presented in three parts. The first one explores the theoretical framework of the following analysis. In the second part, a couple of analysis relied on the use of public information rather accessible in Mexico. The data and texts were used with a laying interrogation about the indications they could give about the risk situations in Mexican urban settlements. Finally, the third part of the dissertation focuses on exploring the socio-cultural factors of vulnerability, namely the social representation of risk, under the premise that it has a major impact on individual and social behavior in risk (and disasters) situations.The case of Minatitlán confirms the tight links among risks and urban development. In this city, the risk has historically represented an opportunity for development. The institutional framework for risk prevention emerges well after the city was a consolidated urban settlement, but it has not been able to offer substantial changes and one can conclude that the current situation arranges a number of groups that do not see any incentive for improving the prevention strategies or enforcing planning measures. Then, a transition towards more resilient scenarios, specially in a context of climate change, is not foreseeable in the coming years.Moreover, the civil protection policy in Mexico favors a top-down public intervention in disaster periods, where each government level intervenes up to their financial and physical powers. At the lowest end of this chain, are local populations, the victims of disasters, are not encouraged to participate or become actual actors of local prevention.This being the current state of affairs in Minatitlán, the public action as well as the social representation of risks and disasters, are both contributing to maintaining a situation where prevention is not the main goal of the disaster policy
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Bradbury, Kirsten. "Rural and suburban 5-8 year old children: Gun-injury risks and crisis responses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28224.

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Recent research has provided empirical support for counseling guidelines for pediatric gun safety and has demonstrated that some parental behaviors increase children's risk of gun injury. However, few data exist on patterns of gun-injury risks, especially for children younger than age 10, children from middle-class and non-urban families, and children of non-gun-owning vs. gun-owning parents. Part I of the study presents data on gun injury risks in a middle-SES sample of rural and suburban gun-owning and non-gun-owning parents and their 5-8-year-old children (N=60). Gun-owners (38.3% of the sample) endorsed an average of 10.57 out of 21 assessed gun injury risks, and evinced variable patterns of gun injury risks. Gun injury risks were much lower among non-gun-owners. However, a small number of non-gun-owners reported their children to have gun exposure risks more typical of gun-owners' children (e.g., child goes hunting/shooting). Part II of the study presents data on the children's responses to a crisis scenario involving a threat associated with defensive gun use (home intrusion). Children's crisis response plans were categorized as competent, passive, bold, or aggressive/gun. Competent plans were common (38.6%). However, most children generated non-competent crisis responses, including passive plans (21.1%), bold plans (19.3%), and aggressive/gun plans (21.1%). These results may help to identify styles of crisis response for targeted preventive interventions and emergency response training. The common theme in these results is that encouraging safe behavior, whether by young children responding to a crisis or by parents who own guns, requires an understanding of motivations for unsafe behavior and barriers to safer behavior.
Ph. D.
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Schuch, Laura M. "Geospatial Approaches to Identify Neighborhood Risks to a Pediatric Population." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531694688693131.

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Suppa, Mariano. "Prevalence, determinants and risks associated with sunbed use in Europe: results from the Euromelanoma skin cancer prevention campaign and beyond." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/288640.

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Introduction. Sunbeds emit ultraviolet (UV) radiation to produce a cosmetic tan and are classified by the World Health Organization as first-group carcinogens: they have been significantly associated with increased risk of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Despite this, controversies still exist: since sunbeds are able to increase serum vitamin D, the sunbed industry relentlessly tries to promote them as a safe therapeutic measure; and some authors have recently expressed scepticism about the carcinogenicity of sunbeds. Moreover, differences between European countries in terms of prevalence of use have not been extensively studied and a better understanding of the determinants of use in Europe is much needed. Similarly, the association of sunbed use with skin cancer risk factors is poorly understood. Euromelanoma is a skin cancer prevention campaign conducted all over Europe. It offers a once-a-year screening during which participants’ data, including sunbed use and phenotype, are collected via questionnaires.Objectives. To thoroughly describe prevalence, determinants, and risks associated with sunbed use in Europe. To this aim we performed literature reviews (3 publications) and an extensive analysis of the Euromelanoma database, which included data from 30 European countries (2 publications).Methods. For the 3 reviews we searched the most used databases for any literature published in English using all pertinent keywords. As for the 2 Euromelanoma studies, participants filled in questionnaires about demographics and risk factors, including type/duration of sunbed use. Multivariate analyses adjusted for all confounders were employed to assess factors independently associated with sunbed use in each country.Results. Our reviews showed that: (i) European sunbed users are typically young women, sun seekers, and smokers, mostly from northern countries, going to tanning studios with aesthetic motives, although exceptions exist; (ii) in case of vitamin D deficiency, the risk/benefit ratio is clearly in favour of vitamin D supplementation instead of sunbed use; (iii) all epidemiological criteria for causality apply to the relationship between sunbed use and melanoma. The Euromelanoma studies included 227,888 individuals (67.4% females, median age 44) from 30 countries. Overall prevalence of sunbed ever use was 10.6%. Prevalence was higher in northern, sun-deprived countries, with the exception of Italy and Spain. Females displayed higher prevalence than males in all countries. Geographic particularities were found in four regions: Iberian (prevalence ten times higher in Spain than Portugal), Balkan (prevalence disproportionately higher among women), Baltic (highest prevalence among young adults), and Scandinavian (highest prevalence among adolescents). Ever sunbed use was independently associated with nevus count >50 [summary odds ratio (SOR)=1.05 (1.01-1.10)], atypical nevi [SOR=1.04 (1.00-1.09)], lentigines [SOR=1.16 (1.04-1.29)], and suspicion of melanoma [SOR=1.13 (1.00-1.27)]. Conclusions. After a thorough literature revision, we concluded that the debate over whether sunbed use contributes to melanoma should be definitively closed and that sunbeds are not a safe option to increase vitamin D levels. The Euromelanoma analysis on sunbeds and skin cancer risk factors suggests that avoidance/discontinuation of sunbed use should always be encouraged, especially, but not exclusively, for individuals with high-risk phenotypes. The data about prevalence/determinants of sunbed use have public health relevance for future, tailored interventions aimed at reducing indoor tanning in Europe.
Introduction. Les bancs solaires émettent des radiations ultraviolettes (UV) pour induire un bronzage cosmétique. Ils sont classés par l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé comme carcinogènes de premier groupe: ils sont significativement associés à un risque accru de mélanome et de cancers cutanés non-mélanome. Malgré ça, des controverses existent toujours :comme leur utilisation permet d’accroitre le taux sérique de vitamine D, l’industrie du bronzage artificiel n’a cessé de les promouvoir comme thérapeutique sans danger et certains auteurs ont récemment mis en doute la carcinogénicité des bancs solaires. Par ailleurs, les différences entre les pays européens en terme de prévalence et de facteurs déterminant l’utilisation des bancs solaires n’ont pas été clairement étudiées. De la même façon, la relation entre bronzage artificiel et facteurs de risque de cancérisation cutanée reste floue. Euromelanoma est une campagne pan-européenne annuelle de prévention de cancers cutanés, où des questionnaires récoltent les données des participants (usage des bancs solaires, phénotype et informations cliniques inclus).Objectifs. Décrire de manière approfondie la prévalence, les déterminants et les risques associés à l’utilisation des bancs solaires en Europe. Dans ce but, nous avons réalisé des revues de littérature (3 publications) et une analyse extensive de la base de données Euromelanoma qui couvre 30 pays européens (2 publications).Méthodes. Pour les 3 revues, nous avons cherché dans toute la littérature publiée en anglais sur les moteurs de recherche les plus utilisés, en employant des mots clés pertinents. Les participants des 2 études Euromelanoma ont rempli des questionnaires colligeant les facteurs démographiques et de risque, le type et la durée d’utilisation des bancs solaires. Des analyses multi-variées ont permis d’évaluer les facteurs indépendamment associés à l’usage des bancs solaire dans chaque pays.Résultats. Les revues de littérature ont montré que :(i) les utilisateurs européens sont typiquement des femmes jeunes/adultes, amatrices de soleil, fumeuses, ressortissantes des pays nordiques, motivées par des raisons esthétiques et préférant les centres de bronzage, même si des exceptions existent ;(ii) dans le cas d’une carence en vitamine D, le rapport risque/bénéfice est clairement en faveur de la supplémentation en vitamine D plutôt que du bronzage artificiel ;(iii) tous les critères épidémiologiques de causalité s’appliquent à la relation entre les bancs solaires et le mélanome. Les études Euromelanoma ont été réalisées sur 227,888 individus (67.4% femmes, âge médian 44 ans) issus de 30 pays. La prévalence globale d’utilisation des bancs solaires était 10.6%, mais était plus élevée dans les pays nordiques et non ensoleillés, l’Italie et l’Espagne faisant exception. Dans tous les cas, les femmes avaient une prévalence d’utilisation plus élevée que les hommes. Des particularités géographiques ont été relevées dans 4 régions :la péninsule ibérique (prévalence 10 fois plus élevée en Espagne qu’au Portugal), les Balkans (disproportions excessives de prévalence entre femmes et hommes), les pays baltiques (la prévalence la plus élevée chez les jeunes/adultes), et scandinaves (la prévalence la plus élevée chez les adolescents). Avoir utilisé au moins une fois un banc solaire était indépendamment associé avec :un nombre de naevi >50 [summary odds ratio (SOR)=1.05 (1.01-1.10)], la présence de naevi atypiques [SOR=1.04 (1.00-1.09)] et des lentigines [SOR=1.16 (1.04-1.29)] et la suspicion de mélanome [SOR=1.13 (1.00-1.27)]. Conclusions. La revue complète de la littérature nous permet d’affirmer que le débat sur la relation causale entre bancs solaires et mélanome doit être clos et que leur utilisation pour corriger un déficit sérique en vitamine D n’est pas sans danger. L’analyse Euromelanoma sur l’utilisation des bancs solaires et les facteurs de risque de cancer cutané suggère que le bronzage artificiel devrait toujours être dissuadé, spécialement mais pas exclusivement chez les individus avec des phénotypes à haut risque. Les données de la prévalence et des facteurs déterminant l’utilisation des bancs solaires constituent un intérêt de santé publique et devraient permettre de cibler les actions nécessaires à la réduction du bronzage artificiel en Europe.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Coelho, António Jorge Oliveira. "Perceção do stress do técnico de manutenção de elevadores." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/19907.

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Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Higiene e Segurança no Trabalho
A investigação denominada de “Perceção do Stress do Técnico de Manutenção de Elevadores” pretende estudar um risco psicossocial, o stress ocupacional, no Técnico de Manutenção de Elevadores e apresentar recomendações que possibilitem a todos os trabalhadores desenvolver as competências que lhes permitam identificar e prevenir este risco. O presente estudo desenvolvido em 8 delegações de uma organização multinacional de manutenção de elevadores localizada em Portugal, foi aplicado a uma amostra de 120 Técnicos de Manutenção, utilizando-se uma metodologia quantitativa, procurando-se estudar as dimensões requisitos para o trabalho, confronto com problemas no trabalho, condições do local de trabalho, carga de trabalho, relacionamento no trabalho e satisfação no trabalho. Inclui-se também neste estudo a relação que a idade, a antiguidade e a localização geográfica têm sobre as dimensões identificadas. Salienta-se dos resultados encontrados que os requisitos para o trabalho, o confronto com problemas no trabalho, as condições de trabalho, e a carga de trabalho, em particular a frequência e o volume de trabalho e a quantidade de vezes com que o trabalho é realizado sozinho, assumem saliência na perceção de stress pelo Técnico de Manutenção. A idade, a antiguidade na organização e o local da delegação também assumem uma função explicativa da presença de stress ocupacional. Como estudo que visa a intervenção organizacional, elegeram-se ações de melhoria ajustadas aos resultados do estudo, para implementação na organização, elencando-se recomendações específicas para cada uma das dimensões estudadas.
The research called "Stress Perception of the Elevators Maintenance Technician" aims to study a psychosocial risk, occupational stress, in the Maintenance Technician of Elevators and present recommendations that enable all workers to develop the skills that allow them to identify and prevent this risk. The present study, developed in 8 delegations located in Portugal, from a multinational elevator maintenance organization, was applied, using a quantitative methodology, to a sample of 120 Maintenance Technicians, looking to study the dimensions requirements for work, confrontation with problems at work, workplace conditions, workload, work relationship and job satisfaction. Also included in this study is the relationship that age, antiquity and geographic location have about the identified dimensions. It’s highlighted the results found that the requirements for work, the confrontation with problems in the work, the work conditions, and the work load, in particular the frequency, the work volume and the amount of times with which the work is performed alone, assume a salience in the perception of stress by the Maintenance Technician. Age, seniority in the organization and location of the delegation also assume an explanatory function of the presence of occupational stress. As a study aimed at organizational intervention, improvement actions adjusted to the results of the study were chosen for implementation in the organization, listing specific recommendations for each of the dimensions studied. Keywords:
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11

Perherin, Céline. "La concertation lors de la cartographie des aléas littoraux dans les Plans de Prévention des Risques : enjeu majeur de prévention." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0114/document.

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L’élaboration des Plans de Prévention des Risques Littoraux (PPRL) « prioritaires », définis suite à la tempête Xynthia de 2010, a provoqué des débats, souvent conflictuels, entre l’Etat et les collectivités territoriales au sujet des cartes d’aléas submersion marine ou recul du trait de côte. Cette recherche doctorale s’attache à la compréhension du processus de construction de ces cartes. Elle analyse les facteurs influençant cette cartographie à partir de ce que représentent les cartes d’aléas pour chaque acteur. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en évidence que les études d’aléas sont peu issues des connaissances territoriales et abordées sous un angle expert complexe. Les acteurs locaux s’approprient ainsi difficilement les nouvelles connaissances sur les aléas littoraux. La forte présence des aspects techniques et la mécanique d’élaboration du zonage réglementaire conduisent à une cristallisation des débats des PPRL sur la cartographie des aléas. Ces débats cachent aussi souvent des conceptions distinctes de la politique de prévention et des intérêts divergents entre acteurs agissant à échelles spatiales et temporelles différentes. L’ouverture restreinte des discussions par l’Etat lors de la cartographie des aléas de référence et de l’élaboration du zonage conduit à une faible territorialisation des PPRL et rend difficile leur intégration au sein des politiques locales de prévention des risques littoraux et d’aménagement du territoire. Cette thèse révèle ainsi l’importance cruciale de la concertation et d’une entrée par le territoire, pour mettre en place une appropriation active des connaissances sur les aléas et favoriser l’intégration du PPRL au sein de l’action publique territoriale
The development of Coastal risks prevention plans, identified as priorities after Xynthia storm in 2010, has revealed divisive debates, between the state services and territorial authorities, about coastal flooding or coastline recession mapping. This PhD research deals with the understanding of coastal hazards mapping. It analyses the factors which influence this process based on what do the maps represent for each stakeholder.The research results highlight that hazards studies sparsely come from territorial knowledge and are often approached from a complex expert angle. Thus, new knowledge is hardly managed by local stakeholders. Significant debates about technical aspects and the process of regulatory zoning conception lead to the fact that hazards mapping crystallizes the PPRL debates. Actually, these debates often hide different conceptions of prevention policy and opposing interests of stakeholders acting at different spatial and temporal scales. The few opened discussions purposed by state services during reference hazards mapping and zoning conception lead to a low territorialization of the PPRL and make their integration in local policies of coastal risks prevention and of land use planning difficult.Thus, this PhD highlights the crucial role of dialogue and of an input by the territory, in order to start an active appropriation of hazards knowledge and to enable the PPRL integration within the territorial public policy
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Mota, Luís Manuel Nicodemus. "Radioamadorismo, proteção civil e segurança responsável na sociedade de risco: o caso de Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/24925.

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Este estudo centra-se no radioamadorismo, enquanto atividade desenvolvida do ponto de vista lúdico e técnico, mas que comporta um enorme potencial, em casos de emergência, resultantes de desastres ou catástrofes, nomeadamente quando os meios de comunicação institucionais colapsam, são insuficientes ou inexistentes. Trata-se de um tema com muita atualidade, dada a situação que Portugal atravessa atualmente, na sequência da onda de incêndios que provocaram a morte e ferimentos mais ou menos graves a várias centenas de pessoas e destruíram bens pessoais e públicos, situação, para muitos, originada ou agravada por falhas na rede de comunicações existente no país. Assim, as principais questões que motivam a investigação são as seguintes: será que o radioamadorismo português pode contribuir para uma sociedade mais segura, menos vulnerável aos desastres ou catástrofes, mais orientada para a minimização de riscos e para a melhoria dos serviços de proteção civil? Se sim, como? A investigação, de carácter exploratório, recorre a uma metodologia qualitativa, suportada em questionários aplicados a radioamadores portugueses, associações suas representantes e a intervenientes no sistema de proteção civil. Esta investigação mostra que poderá haver uma melhoria considerável na articulação sinérgica entre os diversos intervenientes na proteção e segurança, responsáveis pela população e pelo território do país; Amateur Radio, Civil Protection and Responsible Safety in Risk Society: The Portuguese Case ABSTRACT: This study has its focus on amateur radio as an activity developed from a technical and ludic point of view, but with a huge potential, especially in emergency cases that result from disasters or catastrophes, such as when institutional communications means collapse or are insufficient or inexistent. This is quite a current topic given the situation that Portugal is going through right now, as a result of the series of wildfires that have led to the deaths or damages of high and/or low degrees of hundreds of people and also the destruction of personal and public belongings. This situation has been caused and aggravated by failures on the country’s communication network, many people believe. Thus, the main questions that lead the investigation on this topic are the following: Could the Portuguese amateur radio contribute to a safer society, that is less vulnerable to disasters and catastrophes while at the same time is more centered on risk minimization and an improvement in civil protection? If yes, how? The investigation, of exploratory nature, is based on a qualitative methodology supported by surveys to be applied to Portuguese amateur radio enthusiasts, associations of their representatives and to people who intervene in the civil protection system. This investigation shows that there could be a considerable improvement in the synergetic articulation between the several parties involved in the protection and security that concern the population and the country’s territory.
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Smeets, Feikje, Tineke Lataster, Maria-de-Gracia Dominguez, Juliette Hommes, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Os Jim van. "Evidence That Onset of Psychosis in the Population Reflects Early Hallucinatory Experiences That Through Environmental Risks and Affective Dysregulation Become Complicated by Delusions." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-120111.

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Objective: To examine the hypothesis that the “natural” combination of delusions and hallucinations in psychotic disorders in fact represents a selection of early subclinical hallucinatory experiences associated with delusional ideation, resulting in need for care and mental health service use. Methods: In the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology study, a prospective, 10-year follow-up of a representative cohort of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany (n = 2524), clinical psychologists assessed hallucinations and delusions at 2 time points (T2 and T3). Analyses compared differences in psychopathology, familial liability for nonpsychotic disorder, nongenetic risk factors, persistence, and clinical outcome between groups characterized by: (1) absence of positive psychotic symptoms, (2) presence of isolated hallucinations, (3) isolated delusions, and (4) both hallucinations and delusions. Results: Delusions and hallucinations occurred together much more often (T2: 3.1%; T3: 2.0%) than predicted by chance (T2: 1.0%; T3: 0.4%; OR = 11.0; 95% CI: 8.1, 15.1). Content of delusions was contingent on presence of hallucinations but modality of hallucinations was not contingent on presence of delusions. The group with both hallucinations and delusions, compared to groups with either delusions or hallucinations in isolation, displayed the strongest associations with familial affective liability and nongenetic risk factors, as well as with persistence of psychotic symptoms, comorbidity with negative symptoms, affective psychopathology, and clinical need. Conclusions: The early stages of psychosis may involve hallucinatory experiences that, if complicated by delusional ideation under the influence of environmental risks and (liability for) affective dysregulation, give rise to a poor prognosis hallucinatory–delusional syndrome.
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Smeets, Feikje, Tineke Lataster, Maria-de-Gracia Dominguez, Juliette Hommes, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Os Jim van. "Evidence That Onset of Psychosis in the Population Reflects Early Hallucinatory Experiences That Through Environmental Risks and Affective Dysregulation Become Complicated by Delusions." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27105.

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Objective: To examine the hypothesis that the “natural” combination of delusions and hallucinations in psychotic disorders in fact represents a selection of early subclinical hallucinatory experiences associated with delusional ideation, resulting in need for care and mental health service use. Methods: In the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology study, a prospective, 10-year follow-up of a representative cohort of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany (n = 2524), clinical psychologists assessed hallucinations and delusions at 2 time points (T2 and T3). Analyses compared differences in psychopathology, familial liability for nonpsychotic disorder, nongenetic risk factors, persistence, and clinical outcome between groups characterized by: (1) absence of positive psychotic symptoms, (2) presence of isolated hallucinations, (3) isolated delusions, and (4) both hallucinations and delusions. Results: Delusions and hallucinations occurred together much more often (T2: 3.1%; T3: 2.0%) than predicted by chance (T2: 1.0%; T3: 0.4%; OR = 11.0; 95% CI: 8.1, 15.1). Content of delusions was contingent on presence of hallucinations but modality of hallucinations was not contingent on presence of delusions. The group with both hallucinations and delusions, compared to groups with either delusions or hallucinations in isolation, displayed the strongest associations with familial affective liability and nongenetic risk factors, as well as with persistence of psychotic symptoms, comorbidity with negative symptoms, affective psychopathology, and clinical need. Conclusions: The early stages of psychosis may involve hallucinatory experiences that, if complicated by delusional ideation under the influence of environmental risks and (liability for) affective dysregulation, give rise to a poor prognosis hallucinatory–delusional syndrome.
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15

Cossio, Peralta André Jorge. "Towards an Approach to the Study of the Economic Impact of Workplace Accidents in Peru during the years 2011 to 2014: The Prevention of Occupational Risks and Productivity." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118466.

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The Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is an issue that has become more relevant in our country since the enforcement of Law 29783, Law SST. Notwithstanding, it has not yet reflected on how prevention measures on occupational risks could improve productivity at a company level and a national level. In this article, the author aims to demonstrate the potential costs that could lead the occupational accidents reported to the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion for the period between 2011-2014, from an approach to the study of the economic impact of the occupational accidents and their influence on productivity.
La Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SST) es una materia que ha cobrado mayor relevancia en nuestro país a partir de la entrada en vigencia de la Ley 29783, Ley de SST. Sin embargo, aún no se ha reflexionado sobre cómo la adopción de medidas de prevención de los riesgos laborales puede repercutir en una mejora de la productividad tanto a nivel empresarial como a nivel nacional. En este artículo, el autor pretende demostrar los potenciales costos que podrían generar los accidentes de trabajo notificados al Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2011 a 2014, a partir de una aproximación al estudio del impacto económico de los accidentes de trabajo y de su incidencia en la productividad.
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16

Fournier, Tristan. "Une sociologie de la décision alimentaire : l'observance diététique chez des mangeurs hypercholesterolémiques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20033.

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Cette thèse tente d’apporter, en la sociologisant, des éléments de réponse à une question émanant du monde médical : pourquoi des individus atteints d’hypercholestérolémie et donc surexposés à des risques cardio-vasculaires ne mettent-ils pas en application les conseils diététiques formulés par leur médecin ? Trois phases d’enquête ont été menées : 1) des entretiens d’experts, dans le but d’identifier les controverses qui ont transformé l’hypercholestérolémie en un problème de santé publique majeur ; 2) des entretiens individuels et collectifs auprès de « mangeurs à risques », afin de saisir les principaux freins au suivi des règles hygiéno-diététiques prescrites et les formes de régulation sociale de la pathologie ; et 3) une enquête quantitative, avec passation de questionnaires auprès de 800 individus, ayant pour but la description socio-démographique de la population d’étude et la validation des résultats qualitatifs. Si les rapports à l’alimentation et à la santé apparaissent comme étant en partie surdéterminés par des variables sociales et culturelles, les résultats invitent surtout à resituer les individus dans leurs contextes interactionnels et familiaux. Les décisions alimentaires et les manières de faire face à cette pathologie chronique ne sont pas construites dans une perspective individuelle. Au final, l’articulation entre la sociologie de l’alimentation et les champs de la santé, du risque, de la famille et du genre a permis de renouveler la problématique de l’observance et d’ouvrir un vaste territoire de recherches sur les effets du « manger ensemble » et du « vivre ensemble ». En cela, la thèse entend contribuer à une sociologie de la décision alimentaire
This thesis attends answering a question originated from the medical world, by framing it through a sociological perspective: why do some hypercholesterolaemic individuals not comply with their doctor’s dietetic advice although being overexposed to cardiovascular risks? Three surveys were conducted: 1) some experts’ interviews, so as to identify the controversies that have led hypercholesterolaemia to be considered as a major public health problem; some in-depth interviews and a focus group with “at risk eaters”, in order to grasp the main obstacles to the dietary compliance and the forms of social regulation for the pathology; and 3) a quantitative survey, carried out by questionnaires among 800 people and developed with the aim of collecting sociodemographic data on the population, and validating the qualitative results. Notwithstanding that the relations with food and health are partly over-determined by social and cultural variables, results underlined the need to situate individuals in their interactional and family environment. Neither eating choices nor the ways to cope with this chronic pathology are constructed within an individual perspective. Connecting the sociology of food with other works from the health, risk, family and gender domains eventually enabled revitalizing the compliance issue and initiating a vast field of researches on the effects of “eating together” and “living together”. This thesis therefore intends contributing to a sociology of eating choices
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Kubiak, Julien. "La "managérialisation" de la prévention des risques professionnels en entreprise. Enquête parmi les préventeurs de la S.N.C.F." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV023.

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Cette thèse de sociologie est consacrée aux transformations de la prévention des risques professionnels au sein de la Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français (SNCF) de 1991 à 2012. La méthodologie de l’enquête croise un travail ethnographique de longue durée (CIFRE 2008- 2010) avec des recherches historiques et l’exploitation de plus de 130 entretiens. Ce travail permet de retracer l’histoire de la prévention et des préventeurs d’entreprise à la SNCF depuis le lancement de la première politique nationale de sécurité du personnel (PNSP) jusqu’à la nomination du « salarié compétent » en matière de santé et de sécurité au travail (SST) en juillet 2012. Par ce biais, la thèse montre comment les formes de la « managérialisation » de la SST recombinent le contenu et le sens de la prévention. Le concept de « managérialisation » renvoie aux étapes d’un processprocessus qui, partant des marges de manoeuvre laissées par la loi, vise l’atteinte des objectifs du management. La « managérialisation » de la prévention des risques professionnels est permise par les opportunités liées à la singularité de cet objet et aux ambigüités des principes généraux de prévention ainsi que par les bouleversements de la division du travail dans le secteur de la SST. En étudiant l’évolution du travail des préventeurs d’entreprise, des similitudes et des constantes ont fait apparaître une classification des tâches répondant à trois types de risques. Le glissement de la prévention des risques professionnels vers la prévention des risques de nature bureaucratique (non-conformité) et sociale (grève) nous renseigne sur les mutations de la prévention comme sur celles de l’entreprise ferroviaire à l’aube de la libéralisation du rail
This thesis deals with the transformations that the prevention of occupational risks underwent in the french national railway company (SNCF) from 1991 to 2012. The research methodology intertwines a long term ethnographical observation (within the framework of a private contract from 2008 to 2010) with a historical research, as well as the analysis of more than 130 interviews. This work allows us to retrace the history of prevention and of the actors of prevention in the company ever since the launching of the first staff safety national policy and until the nomination of the « competent worker » in occupational health and safety (OHS), in july 2012. Through this specific angle, the thesis shows how the « managerialization » of OHS reframes both the content and the meaning of prevention. The concept of « managerialization » refers to the various phasesof a process that benefits from the lack of clarity of the prevention legislation to aim at reaching management goals. The ocupational risks « managerialization » feeds from the opportunities created by the ambiguity of its general principles and by the recent upheaval in the division of labour in the OHS field. Analysing the evolution of the work of the company prevention workers, similarities and constants reveal a task classification that responds to three different types of risks. The shift from occupational health risks prevention to the prevention of risks of a bureaucratic (non-compliance) and social nature (strikes) reflects the evolution of the prevention sector as part of the global evolution of the company, at the edge of railway liberalization
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Dominguez, Tomás Henrique Fernandes. "Construção de uma grelha de avaliação dos riscos psicossociais : caso do centro hospitalar de luta contra o cancro de Nice, França." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7046.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
O mundo do trabalho evolui a um ritmo frenético, resultando, nas últimas décadas, em transformações organizacionais importantes, que estão na origem da intensificação e da precarização do trabalho. Desde meados da década de 2000, estes riscos são reunidos sob o termo de “Riscos Psicossociais” ou RPS. Foi efectuada uma revisão da literatura sobre a contextualização e definição deste fenómeno, importância da existência de uma grelha de avaliação identificando as causas e efeitos dos riscos e, finalmente, uma lista de orientações para a construção de uma ferramenta de avaliação dos Riscos Psicossociais. O projecto elaborado no âmbito do estágio efectuado no Centro de Luta Contra o Cancro de Nice e enquadrado na metodologia de Avaliação das Práticas Profissionais foi aplicada esta grelha através dos métodos exploratório, qualitativo, abdutivo e de 150 entrevistas a colaboradores. A construção e seguidamente a aplicação desta grelha pretenderam identificar, avaliar, medir, discutir e cartografar os Riscos Psicossociais.
The labour world has been evolving at a frantic pace in the last decades resulting in significant organizational changes that are the source of work intensification and casualization. Since the mid 2000’s, these risks are grouped under the term of "Psychosocial Risks" or RPS. A literature review on the context and definition of this phenomenon, on the importance of a grid identifying the causes and effects of hazards and finally, a list of guidelines for the construction of an evaluation tool concerning Psychosocial Risks were made. Within the internship at the Centre for the Fight Against Cancer Nice and framed in the methodology of Evaluation of Professional Practices, this grid has been applied through exploratory, qualitative, abductive method and 150 interviews with collaborators. The construction and then the application of the grid intended to identify, assess, measure, discuss and chart the Psychosocial Risks.
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Coentro, Susana Raquel Candeias. "Prevenção e segurança no trabalho em indústria metalomecânica." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/27838.

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Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho
Ao longo dos tempos a segurança, saúde e higiene no trabalho têm vindo a ganhar enorme importância nas organizações não só por constituir uma obrigação legal, mas também por ser vista como uma vertente essencial para manter a integridade física e psicológica dos trabalhadores, através de melhores condições de trabalho, além da enorme importância na prevenção de lesões e doenças profissionais, promovendo a produtividade laboral e a redução de custos. A segurança, saúde e higiene no trabalho são, pois, fundamentais para o êxito de uma empresa pelos diversos benefícios que promove. Deste modo, o presente relatório insere-se no âmbito do trabalho desenvolvido numa indústria metalomecânica, tendo como principal objetivo a elaboração de uma avaliação de riscos em toda a empresa, com posterior definição do plano de ações corretivas, acompanhamento das ações identificadas, assim como o seguimento da implementação e eficácia dessas ações. Desta forma, assumiu-se a responsabilidade pelo acompanhamento e controlo de ações corretivas e preventivas relacionadas com substâncias químicas, segurança contra incêndios, organização da emergência, máquinas e equipamentos de trabalho, ruído ocupacional, equipamentos de proteção individual e coletiva, realizar ações de sensibilização e formação, como também o acompanhamento e atualização de bases de dados em segurança e saúde no trabalho e apoio no reporte interno de acidentes e quase-acidentes. Em prol da melhoria contínua da gestão do risco foram realizadas semanalmente inspeções de segurança. Para o efeito foram aplicadas diversas metodologias, nomeadamente a análise documental e legislativa, técnicas de observação de atividades e de setores de trabalho, lista de verificação de inspeção de segurança no trabalho (checklist), entrevistas informais aos colaboradores, como também a aplicação do método de avaliação de riscos utilizado na empresa. Como resultado do trabalho desenvolvido foi possível assegurar as condições de segurança e higiene no trabalho na empresa, mas também identificar e implementar medidas de melhoria em diversas áreas da segurança e higiene no trabalho, em prol de uma cultura preventiva de acidentes. Também foi proposta uma adaptação da matriz de avaliação de riscos, por forma a facilitar a melhor identificação de perigo e avaliação do risco de acordo com a tarefa, atividade ou processo realizado em determinado setor de atividade de trabalho.
Over the years, safety, health and hygiene at work have gained enormous importance in organizations not only as a legal obligation, but also because it is seen as an essential strand to maintain the physical and psychological integrity of workers through improved conditions of work, in addition to the enormous importance in the prevention of occupational injuries and diseases, promoting labor productivity and cost reduction. Safety, health and hygiene at work are therefore fundamental to the success of a company for the various benefits it promotes. Therefore, this report is part of the work carried out in a metal-mechanic industry, with the main objective being the elaboration of a risk assessment throughout the company, with subsequent definition of the corrective action plan, follow-up of the identified actions, as well as the follow-up of the implementation and effectiveness of these actions. In this way, responsibility for the monitoring and control of corrective and preventive actions related to chemical substances, fire safety, emergency organization, machinery and work equipment, occupational noise, individual and collective protection equipment, and training, as well as the monitoring and updating of databases on occupational safety and health and support in the internal reporting of accidents and near-accidents. In order to continuously improve risk management, weekly safety inspections were carried out. For this purpose, a number of methodologies were applied, namely documentary and legislative analysis, observation and activity observation techniques, checklist, informal interviews with employees, as well as the application of the method of risk assessment used in the company. As a result of the work carried out, it was possible to ensure the safety and hygiene conditions at work in the company, but also to identify and implement improvement measures in several areas of occupational safety and hygiene, in favor of a culture of accident prevention. It was also proposed an adaptation of the risk assessment matrix, in order to facilitate the better identification of risk and risk assessment according to the task, activity or process performed in a given sector of work activity.
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Ouazzani, Chahdi Abdelkader. "Les risques catastrophiques au Maroc : aspects de gestion de risque et d'assurance." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30072.

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Nos sociétés actuelles sont fortement exposées aux risques de catastrophes qu’ils soient d’origine naturelle ou humaine. Le problème des risques majeurs évolue dans le temps, les facteurs favorisant cette évolution sont nombreux : ils peuvent être d’ordre environnemental, technologique, démographique ou socio-économique.La vulnérabilité des pays en voie de développement aux risques de catastrophes est beaucoup plus importante. Cette situation s’explique par plusieurs facteurs dont notamment la qualité de l’infrastructure susceptible d’être touchée, l’absence d’une cartographie de risques qui a pour conséquence directe la construction dans des zones fortement exposées aux catastrophes, l’absence de mesures de prévention, l’absence de politique de financement et de reconstruction des catastrophes. Ceci-dit une conscience est entrain de se développer dans ces régions. Le Maroc figure parmi les pays qui sont très vulnérables aux risques majeurs et c’est pour cela que le gouvernement marocain, avec le concours de la Banque Mondiale et de la coopération Suisse, a décidé de mettre en place une stratégie nationale de gestion intégrée des catastrophes qui comprend un volet indemnisation post-catastrophes inspiré du « régime Cat Nat » français. En effet les assureurs marocains se verront obliger de couvrir les risques catastrophiques par des garanties obligatoires adossées à certains contrats d’assurance.Ce travail propose ainsi d’analyser d’un point de vue opérationnel les différents aspects juridiques de la gestion des risques majeurs : la prévention et le financement des catastrophes
Our societies are becoming increasingly exposed to the risks of natural or human disasters. Major risks change over time, the factors affecting these changes are diverse and can be environmental, technological, demographic or socio-economic. The vulnerability of developing countries to catastrophic risk is much higher than that of developed nations. This can be explained by several factors, including the quality of infrastructure likely to be affected, the lack of a risk mapping that has the direct consequence of construction in areas highly exposed to disasters, the absence of preventive measures, and the lack of funding and reconstruction policies. That being said, there is growing awareness around these areas.Morocco is among the countries that are highly vulnerable to major risks and that is why the Moroccan government, with the assistance of the World Bank and the Swiss Cooperation has decided to implement a national strategy for integrated management of disasters which includes a post-disaster compensation component based on the French "Cat Nat Plan". Therefore, Moroccan insurers will be required to cover catastrophic risks through mandatory coverage backed by certain insurance contracts.This work proposes to analyze from an operational point of view the various legal aspects of major risks management: prevention and disaster funding
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21

Hartman, Hampus. "Fear of Crime- Among Business Representatives and how it is Affected Through the Security Measures of the Business." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25339.

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This study examines how fear of crime is altered in regards to crime-preventive strategies and programs among individuals within businesses. The study also investigates whether perceived risk, previous victimization, and demographics influence the individuals within the businesses fear of crime against their businesses. Based on a theoretical discussion derived from the Vulnerability Perspective, Indirect and Direct Experience with Crime, Ecological Perspective, and the Situational Crime Prevention perspective, this study assesses how individuals within businesses fear of crime affects the business crime-preventive strategies and programs, and vice versa. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with high level participants and business owners from different industries. It is concluded that the general fear of crime among the interviewees businesses are considered as none, or very low. Most security measures in regards to these types of crimes are used because of standards, rather than influenced by fear. However, some security measured have had been established and altered because of previous victimization. The most fear inducing crimes among the interviewees were those types of crimes which involved intoxicated offenders, where violent outcomes with regards to the employees were considered to be high. Only the high risk businesses representatives had this type of fear, because of prior direct victimization. In some regards, the security measures used by the businesses provide the business representatives with the feeling of being in control, which causes the levels of fear of crime to be low. Another reason for the low level of fears among the business representatives is that the crimes committed towards their organizations are not seen as a personal victimization; instead it is regarded to be frustrating, as it causes economic damages and more work. It also appears that the more vulnerable the business is to become victimized by crime, the more security measures are applied.
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22

Lingvall, Per. "Unga i riskzonen? : Social insatsgrupp i Södertälje." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1703.

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Social insatsgrupp är en strukturerad samverkan mellan i första hand polis, socialtjänst och skola med målen att förhindra nyrekrytering av ungdomar till kriminella grupperingar samt att underlätta avhopp från kriminella grupperingar. I examensarbetet har jag undersökt vad begreppet unga i riskzonen innebär för professionella från polis och socialtjänst i social insatsgrupp i Södertälje kommun. Södertälje kommun är en av de tolv kommuner där Rikspolisstyrelsen inrättat pilotverksamheten social insatsgrupp på uppdrag av regeringen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur representanter från myndigheterna polisen och socialtjänsten i samverkansprojektet social insatsgrupp i Södertälje kommun definierar unga i riskzonen. Detta med målet att försöka förstå vilka ungdomar som blir selekterade att ingå i projektet.
Community Intervention Team [social insatsgrupp] is a Swedish structured cooperation between authorities of the departments of Police and Social Work in order to, and with the common goal to, prevent new recruitment of Youth into Criminal groups and facilitate getting off from the Criminal groups. This study is about how the term Youth at Risk [unga i riskzonen] (to develop a Criminal behavior) is used and how it is explained by professionals from the Police and the Social Work authorities in Södertälje, Sweden. Södertälje is one of the twelve areas within Sweden that are chosen for the pilot project on Community Intervention Team [social insatsgrupp] on behalf of the Swedish National Police. The purpose of this study is to analyze how representatives of authorities, the policemen and the social workers, in the joint Community Intervention Team in Södertälje [social insatsgrupp i Södertälje kommun], define and make use of the term Youth at Risk [unga i riskzonen]. The goal of this study is to understand how the young people are selected to be part of the project.
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23

Pounchou-Guilhamot, Stéphane. "La prévention les risques psychosociaux chez les enseignants du second degré public." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU2025/document.

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La prévention des risques psychosociaux (RPS) est une question largement débattue dans les organisations aujourd’hui. Le corps enseignant ne fait pas exception. Malgré certaines actions mises en œuvre pour traiter ce problème chez les enseignants, le constat reste celui de la faible efficacité de ces démarches. Il se pose donc la question des conditions nécessaires à la mise en œuvre d’une prévention primaire effective des RPS chez les enseignants. Notre travail se centre sur le cas des enseignants du second degré public. Celui-ci a l’ambition d’apporter des éléments de réponse à cette question.Pour cela, à partir de la littérature, nous avons approfondi les différentes approches mobilisées pour la prévention des RPS. Nous faisons le constat que ces approches sont essentiellement individuelles, c'est-à-dire centrées sur l’enseignant comme facteur explicatif en lui-même des RPS : le système considéré se résumant alors aux éléments « enseignant-élèves ». De notre point de vue, cette représentation du système considéré est réductrice. Nos réflexions nous amènent à envisager le système sous le prisme de la pensée complexe. Nous proposons donc un nouveau système, dans lequel l’enseignant n’est qu’un élément parmi d’autres.Nous avons été amené à expérimenter ce système complexe sur le terrain. L’enquête menée, essentiellement qualitative, a consisté à approcher, puis à analyser, les représentations des acteurs en interactions. Cette expérimentation nous a conforté dans l’idée que la prévention des RPS doit s’envisager dans un système complexe dont l’enseignant fait partie. Il se dégage de nos résultats des préconisations qui amènent chacun des éléments du système à jouer un rôle actif pour une prévention primaire effective des RPS
Preventing psycho-social risks is a widely-discussed issue in organizations. Teachers are no exception. Even though there have been some actions to tackle this problem among teachers, they have hardly been efficient. Thus, we may wonder what the conditions to set up an efficient primary prevention of psycho-social risks among teachers are. Our study will focus on public secondary school teachers. We aim at suggesting answers to this question. To do so, we have started from literature and analysed the strategies of preventing psycho-social risks among teachers. We have realized that these strategies are mainly individual, that is to say they focus on the teacher as, per se, the explanatory factor of psycho-social risks – taking into account a system narrowed down to the “teacher-students” elements only. From our perspective, this view is simplistic. Our reflection leads us to consider the system through complex thought. Consequently, we suggest a new system in which the teacher is one element among many others.We had to experiment this complex system on the ground. Our investigation, which was mainly qualitative, has consisted in approaching and then analysing the perceptions of the interacting actors. This experiment confirmed that preventing psycho-social risks has to be considered in a complex system which the teacher is part of. We argue that each element of this system has to play an active role in order to achieve an efficient primary prevention of psycho-social risks
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Filho, Heleno Rodrigues Correa. "Percepção de riscos na ocupação precedendo lesões do trabalho: um estudo no município de Campinas, São Paulo, 1992-1993." Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-16012018-162901/.

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Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle, com 164 casos de acidentes no trabalho aleatoriamente selecionados e 325 controles, entre empregados de empresas privadas ou públicas, com o objetivo de construir e validar instrumento epidemiológico de avaliação da percepção de trabalhadores, sobre fatores de risco psicossociais para acidentes do trabalho. De vinte e nove variáveis integrantes do questionário auto-respondido com marcações em escala visual analógica, oito variáveis significativas foram selecionadas, pelo seu poder de discriminação da percepção, através de regressão logistica. Foram consideradas agressoras: - brigas com os chefes; presenciar catástrofes nos locais de trabalho; ter sido vitima de agressão ou violência; haver deixado familiar doente em casa; ser pressionado por policiais ou autoridades por causa de acusações de outras pessoas e ter problemas com a própria saúde. Foram protetoras:- tempo de trabalho na função e experimentar insatisfação por executar atividades consideradas indesejáveis. Há evidências de que a percepção individual de pontos chaves nas relações de trabalho está relacionada com fatores que conferem risco e proteção aos trabalhadores e estes podem ser obtidos com instrumento epidemiológico adequado.
A case-control study was performed based on 164 cases of randomly selected work-related accidents and 325 controls amongst employees of private or publicly owned firms, in Campinas, São Paulo, 1992-93. The main objective was developing and validating a specific data collection instrument for perceived psycho-social risks for work accidents with injuries recalling the last seven days. A questionnaire with 29 questions to be answered marking a visual analogue scale was built. Using logistic regression eight variables were found to discriminate cases from controls and were subsequently modeled. Having fought with superiors; having witnessed catastrophic events in the workplace; having been a victim of aggression outside the workplace; leaving an ill family member at home; having suffered police questioning because of accusations by neighbors or others and having self problems with health were found to be aggressive. Protective variables were time experience under the job title and point out having worked on undesirable tasks. The perceptions of individual workers of key aspects of the psycho-social relations within the workplace, are related to factors which confer greater or lesser risk to workers. These perceptions may be obtained using a single instrument for epidemiologic data collection.
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25

Kessler, Laura E. "Examing Links of Racial and Sexual Identity Development, Psychological Well-being, and Sexual Risks Among HIV-Positive, Same Sex Attracted African American Men." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1216915387.

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26

Teixeira, Juliano Puchalski. "Análise sistêmica da apreciação pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE) dos atos de concentração." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2010. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3530.

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O trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer critérios aptos a orientar a forma com que o Estado deve intervir na economia no século XXI. O exame centra-se nas atividades desenvolvidas pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE), autarquia localizada na periferia do sistema jurídico, notadamente quando da apreciação dos atos de concentração celebrados entre empresas. O intuito é o de demonstrar que na sociedade de risco pós-moderna, o Direito tende a se desenvolver na periferia, fora dos tradicionais centros de justiça, e necessita adotar ações preventivas, anteriores à ocorrência dos danos, como condição à sua efetividade. Perante esse contexto, a pesquisa se desenvolve a partir da análise histórica da intervenção estatal na economia durante a modernidade, desde a promulgação da Constituição de 1824 até a de 1988, sob a ótica da teoria dos sistemas. A partir das experiências do passado, são elencadas premissas capazes de direcionar as ações do Estado. No plano sistêmico, observam-se as diferentes funções, interferências e expectativas nutridas pelos sistemas jurídico, político e econômico, no que tange à ação do poder público na economia. Com o advento da pós-modernidade no século XXI, questiona-se a prevalência dos dogmas e pretensões nutridos pelos sistemas na Modernidade. As características das comunicações fragmentadas e transdisciplinares determinam a impossibilidade de se avaliar com certeza os riscos produzidos pela sociedade, notadamente na esfera econômica. O posicionamento do Direito ante esse cenário de instabilidade é construído a partir da imperiosa necessidade de adoção de ações preventivas, anteriores ao dano, a partir de estudos que envolvam outras ciências, em complemento à legislação. O paradigma preventivo orienta a avaliação das atividades realizadas pelo CADE no exame dos atos de concentração, bem como o teor da legislação vigente (Lei n. 8.884/94) e da que está por ser aprovada (Projeto de Lei da Câmara n. 6/2009). As proposições sistêmicas e as conclusões extraídas ao longo do texto são corroboradas pelas decisões proferidas pelo CADE e a Justiça Federal quando do julgamento do ato de concentração envolvendo as empresas Nestlé Brasil Ltda. e Chocolates Garotos S.A.
This paper aims at establishing criteria which can point the way that the State must intervene in the XXIst century economy. The research is based on the Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE) activities, a state company which resides in the outward bounds of the legal system, mainly concerning the analysis of the concentration acts among companies. Its purpose is to show that in the post-modern risk society, Law tends to develop at the outward bounds, beyond the traditional justice centers, and it demands the adoption of preventive actions, prior to the occurrence of damage as a condition to its effectiveness. As a consequence of this context, research evolves from the historical analysis of the State intervention in the economy during modern age, from the promulgation of the Constitution of 1924 up to the 1988 one, under the Systems Theory. Premises which can direct the actions of the State rise from past experiences. At the systemic plan, one can observe different functions, interferences and expectations nourished by the legal, political and economical systems, concerning the public powers actions in the economy. With the advent of the XXIst century post-modernity, the prevalence of dogmas and pretensions supported by the modern age systems are questioned. The characteristics of multi and fragmented communications make it impossible to evaluate accurately the risks produced by society, especially within the economic scope. The positioning of Law, lying on this scenario of instability, is built upon the high necessity of adopting preventive actions prior to the damage, from studies involving other sciences which complement legislation. Not only does the preventive paradigm steer the evaluation of the activities performed by CADE when examining the acts of concentration, but also the legislation in vigour (8.884/94 law) and pending for approval (Câmara Law Draft n. 6/2009). Both the systemic propositions and the conclusions made during this research are confirmed by the CADE and Justiça Federal decisions, when analyzing the concentration act involving Nestlé Brasil Ltda. and Chocolates Garoto S.A. companies.
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27

Meyrick, Jane. "Conceiving risk : adolescent contraceptive risk taking and prevention." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323006.

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28

Lindgren, Margareta. "Pressure sores : risk assessment and prevention /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/med784s.pdf.

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29

Slark, Julia Suzanne. "Risk awareness in secondary stroke prevention." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9297.

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Stroke is the single largest cause of disability and second highest cause of death globally. It is estimated that 10 million people a year are affected by stroke in the United Kingdom (UK). Of the 130,000 annual new stroke occurrences in the UK, one third will go on to have a further stroke. Recurrent stroke is more likely to be fatal than first stroke and survivors are more likely to be left with major disability. Many stroke patients do not adhere to secondary prevention strategies due to complex reasons, including lack of appreciation of their high risk of a secondary cardiovascular event. Long-term secondary prevention remains a desired goal in the management of stroke survivors, however, studies have shown that current strategies are not routinely and universally working. Hypothesis: Raising awareness of secondary stroke risk may improve stroke survivor’s adherence to secondary prevention strategies after stroke. Results: A survey of the general public (n=1019) and a population-based study of over 600 stroke survivors found that knowledge about Blood Pressure (BP) and stroke risk factors was poor in high risk populations. Only 55% of stroke survivors were able to cite any well-known vascular risk factors. However, those who were appropriately risk-aware significantly improved their health behaviour post-stroke by consuming less alcohol (P<0.001), less salt (P=0.05) and eating a healthy diet (P=0.02). Further, In a Randomised Controlled Trial setting an intervention to increase risk awareness was successful in increasing awareness (P=0.04) and resulted in a significant increase in knowledge of stroke sub-type (95% CI 0.72-0.677, P<0.001), risk factor control of systolic BP (95% CI 12.1-10.4, P=0.01) and increased the number of healthy lifestyle behaviour changes made at follow-up (P<0.001). Conclusions: Increasing risk awareness is potentially an important mechanism to improve health behaviour following stroke and may improve risk factor control as part of secondary stroke prevention.
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30

Katalagarianakis, Georgios. "Risk assessment and accident prevention in mining." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299320.

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31

Swales, Leslie A. "Prison Victimization: High-Risk Characteristics and Prevention." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1216337359.

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32

Holmgren, Maria, and Åsa Nordström. "Prevention vid risk för diagnosen Metabolt syndrom." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26529.

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Syftet med vår litteraturstudie är att beskriva hur en livsstilsförändring och livstilsskillnader kan påverka utvecklingen av det metabola syndromet, samt hur sjuksköterskan kan medverka med hjälp och stöd vid livsstilsförändringar. Frågeställningar är: Vad är effekten av en livsstilsförändring vid risk för metabolt syndrom? Hur kan sjuksköterskan medverka till prevention av det metabola syndromet? 10 vetenskapliga artiklar användes i litteraturstudien för att besvara ovanstående frågeställningar. Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie visar att en livsstilsförändring har en stor och avgörande betydelse vid risk för utvecklande av metabolt syndrom. Denna studie visar även på att sjuksköterskan, genom att ge individuell rådgivning och stöd i form av kontakt via telefon, Internet samt sedvanliga mottagningsbesök har en betydande roll i preventionsarbetet vid detta tillstånd. Mer resurser och energi bör dock satsas på förebyggande insatser.
The aim of our literature study is to describe how a change in lifestyle and difference in lifestyles can effecte when the Metabolic Syndrome is at risk. The study also illuminates how nurses can contribute in the prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome. Research questions are: What are the effects of a change of lifestyle? How can nurses contribute in the prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome? 10 scientific articles were used in the literature study in order to answer the above questions. The result shows that a change of lifestyle has a great and crucial significance at the risk of developing the Metabolic Syndrome. This study also shows that nurses by giving individual counselling and support in form of contact through telephone and internet as well as customary visits at the clinic, play a crucial role when it comes to prevention of this condition. More resources and energy ought to be invested in preventive efforts
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33

Wright, Ashley D., and Elizabeth A. Greene. "Rabies in Arizona: Equine Risk and Prevention." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608256.

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4 pp.
The Informed Arizona Equestrian Horse Health Series was designed to bring up to date information on issues of importance to the horse owners of Arizona and beyond. Rabies has been identified in horses in Arizona (most recently Santa Cruz county in 2016), and is not only fatal for horses, but also can affect the humans handling those horses. It is often overlooked as a possible diagnosis due to the nonspecific early signs of infection. Find out how to protect you and your horses from this devastating disease.
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34

Puterman, Eli. "Bringing risk prevention into the bedroom : sex motives and risky behaviors in men who have sex with men." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8444.

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We are well into the third decade of HIV disease, and unprotected anal intercourse remains the primary mode of transmission in men who have sex with men (MSM). Since 2000, evidence suggests decreased precautionary sex behaviors and increased incidences of HIV in MSM. Traditional models of risky behaviors have focused primarily on cognitive factors related to intention to use condoms. Yet, there is an often-observed gap between intentions and behaviors. This ‘gap’ has fueled calls in the literature to move beyond cognitions and explore other psychological and contextual factors that may predict condom use. In the present study, I examined a functional model of condom use in MSM not in committed, long-term relationships, given their increased risk of HIV transmission vulnerability. Sex motives were examined as predictors of condom use in single MSM as a function of partner type and HIV serostatus. Sex motives examined were having sex to enhance intimacy, gain pleasure, escape a negative affective state, enhance self-esteem, and avoid partner disapproval. For a period of two months, MSM reported condom use for anal intercourse, sex motives, and partner type on a daily basis. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that consistent with hypotheses, on occasions when participants reported higher levels, as compared to lower levels, of having sex to enhance intimacy, and to cope with a negative affective state, the likelihood of using a condom for anal intercourse was decreased. Further, consistent with hypotheses, when participants reported higher levels, compared to lower levels, of having sex to enhance sexual pleasure, to attain partner approval, and to confirm to oneself a sense of sexual esteem, the more likely they were to use a condom for anal intercourse. Results also indicated that, in general, the relationships between motives and condom use were stronger when having sex with someone considered a regular partner as compared to casual. Finally, relationships were also stronger when participants self-reported HIV seropositive status as compared to seronegative or serostatus unknown. Implications for intervention approaches, at both the individual and community levels, are discussed.
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Whicker, Jennifer L. "Supporting Utah's Parents in Preventing Adolescent Suicide: A Literature Review and Handouts for Utah's Youth Suicide Prevention Manual." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3275.

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Suicide, a public health problem on a global scale, has become the focus in many domains across the United States. With the recent push to provide solutions to the adolescent suicide rate in the U.S., the school setting has become an important venue for prevention and intervention efforts. While there are many risk and protective factors, the majority of suicide completions are concurrent with psychiatric disorders among adolescents; as such, this is an area that warrants further investigation. Additionally, school resources are often overwhelmed by the magnitude of need among the student population; therefore, effective interventions must be identified that can feasibly be implemented in the schools. Research has suggested that parent-adolescent relationships are key in the prevention of suicide, yet minimal research has been conducted towards promoting healthy parent-adolescent relationships for at-risk adolescents. Additionally, some research suggests that school and community interventions are only more effective than parental support when negative parent-adolescent relationships are present. This implies that fostering parental support should be a top priority in school-based suicide prevention efforts. This literature review identifies and summarizes pertinent scholarly research and resources for schools to better support parents of adolescents who struggle with suicidal thoughts and previous attempted suicides. As part of an intervention plan which increases home/school collaboration in adolescent suicide prevention, handouts were developed for parents (found in the appendix), which include information on warning signs of suicide, risk factors for suicide, and methods of responding to suicidality. After adapting these handouts to best meet their students' needs, school-based mental health professionals may consider including these handouts in their school's crisis plan and suicide prevention efforts.
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Colombani, Jean Sébastien. "Les commissaires de police face aux "risques psychosociaux" : étude psycho-socio-organisationnelle des contraintes et ressource dans l'activité policière." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2092.

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Ce travail de recherche vise à comprendre quelles sont les principales atteintes à la santé mentale des policiers de voie publique afin de dégager des pistes d’action managériales et organisationnelles. Nous avons pour cela cherché à identifier les principales contraintes et ressources qui entourent l’activité policière et son encadrement en nous basant sur une démarche de théorisation enracinée, au plus proche des acteurs de terrain, et sur la triangulation de méthodes qualitatives (observation directe et participante, entretiens individuels et collectifs, questionnaires). En croisant les travaux issus de la psychologie, de la sociologie des organisations et de la sociologie de la police, nous avons élaboré un modèle d’analyse systémique et multiniveau permettant de mieux comprendre les dynamiques organisationnelles sous-jacentes au « malaise policier ». Il ressort de cette recherche que l’encadrement policier est lui-même soumis à d’importantes sources de tensions qui le placent notamment dans une situation de management empêché. En somme, il apparaît que les cadres de l’institution sont directement victimes d’un mode d’organisation générateur de souffrance qui ne leur permet pas de répondre efficacement aux attentes formulées par leurs collaborateurs. Ne parvenant pas à agir sur les causes des tensions, la prévention des risques psychosociaux se focalise finalement sur la prise en charge des agents en difficultés. La notion actuelle de qualité de vie au travail, en cohérence avec les travaux issus de la clinique du travail, constitue selon nous un moyen d’action à privilégier pour améliorer la santé des policiers et la qualité du service public
This research work aims to understand the main occupational injuries for the police officers’ mental health to identify managerial and organizational actions. To this end, we sought to identify the main demands and resources in police activity and its supervision. We based this work on a grounded theory approach, as close as possible to the actors in the ground, and on the triangulation of qualitative methods (direct and participant observation, individual and group interviews, questionnaires). By combining researches from psychology, organizational sociology and police sociology, we built a systemic and multilevel model to understand the organizational dynamics behind the French "police malaise". This research shows that police superintendents are subject to significant sources of tension and are in a situation of “barred management”. It appears that these managers are directly victims of an organizational structure that generates mental suffering and prevent them to respond effectively to their employees’ expectations. Unable to act on the causes of tensions, the psychosocial risks prevention focuses on staff in difficulty. The current concept of quality of working life, consistent with clinical researches in the workplace, is in our opinion a preferred means of action to improve the police officers health and the quality of public service
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37

Do, khac Xuan thao. "Risques naturels et développement durable : Transformer les contraintes en opportunités. : exemple des risques liés aux inondations et aux cavités souterraines dans le Saumurois." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0090.

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La Communauté d’Agglomération de Saumur est un territoire soumis à plusieurs aléas naturels, dont les inondations par la Loire et le Thouet, ainsi que les mouvements de terrain liés aux coteaux et aux cavités souterraines. Ces aléas peuvent générer des risques et constituent des contraintes au regard des politiques locales publiques qui les vivent comme des entraves au bon développement du territoire ainsi que des obligations supplémentaires en termes de règlementation et d’information auprès des habitants. Pourtant, en décalant le regard et en adoptant la vision globale, pluridisciplinaire, anticipative, intergénérationnelle, du développement durable, ces aléas peuvent aussi être sources de richesses, et leur prise en compte, sources d’opportunités. Les richesses intrinsèques sont liées à la valeur patrimoniale des espèces, des habitats, des espaces, de l’histoire, de l’identité territoriale, des paysages, valeur reconnue notamment par le label de l’Unesco. On peut aussi parler de richesses et de plus-value liées à la sécurisation du territoire, de ses habitants, de ses activités et de ses biens, grâce à la mise en place de politiques locales de prévention et de gestion des risques, ainsi que des innovations techniques et institutionnelles pour des politiques de développement intégrées et de gouvernance territoriale
The Saumur Communauté d'Agglomération is a territory subjected to several natural hazards such as floods by the Loire river or the Thouet river as well as ground movements due to hillsides and underground cavities.These natural hazards can generate risks and constitute constraints with regard to local public policies which consider them as obstacles to the proper development of the territory and as additional obligations in terms of regulations and information of the people. Nevertheless, by taking a different look and by adopting the global, cross-disciplinary, anticipatory, cross generational vision from sustainable development, these hazards can also be source of wealth and, if taken into account, source of opportunities. This intrinsic wealth is embedded in the patrimonial value of species, habitats, spaces, history, territorial identity and landscapes - value that has been acknowledged by UNESCO. This wealth also comes from realised gains from securitisation of the territory, its inhabitants, activities and goods made possible thanks to implementation of local preventive policies and risk management policies as well as technical and institutional innovations, more integrated development policies and territorial governance
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38

Morand, Ophélie. "Hyperconnexion numérique au travail : de la compréhension des activités et vécus à la transformation par le théâtre-forum." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT035.

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La connexion numérique est essentielle dans le monde du travail d'aujourd’hui. Elle permet d’être rapide, efficace et d’accéder à un grand nombre de personnes, de ressources et d’informations. Depuis 2016, la loi impose aux entreprises de mettre en place une négociation sur la déconnexion de ses employés. En effet, de nombreuses études soulignent les risques engendrés par une connexion numérique excessive et ses impacts sur les conditions de travail, la santé, la vie hors travail des salariés, le fonctionnement et l’organisation des collectifs. Cette prise de conscience de la nécessité d’instaurer une régulation de la connexion nous a amené à construire cette thèse en psychologie ergonomique en trois temps. Nous avons d’abord analysé les pratiques de connexion et usages des technologies dans une grande entreprise par une étude quantitative s’appuyant sur un questionnaire diffusé auprès de plus de 400 salariés. Nous nous sommes ensuite focalisés sur l’activité réelle et sur les vécus de la connexion en conduisant des entretiens d’explicitation auprès d’un échantillon de salariés. Il s’agissait de préciser la dynamique de ce que nous qualifions de « surconnexion » (une connexion vécue subjectivement comme douloureuse ou pénible) dans le contexte de l’activité. Le dernier volet de la thèse porte sur les effets d’un espace d’échange impliquant le corps et les émotions que nous avons mis en place dans l’entreprise (le théâtre-forum), comme voie possible vers une régulation de la connexion co-construite au niveau des collectifs. Enfin les apports de connaissances sur la connexion et la méthode du théâtre-forum sont discutés, ainsi que des perspectives et préconisations pour limiter la surconnexion et mettre en place des espaces de discussion en entreprise
Digital connection is essential in today's working world. It allows workers to be fast, efficient and to access a wide range of information. Since 2016, french labour law requires companies to initiate negotiations on the “right to disconnect” for their employees. Indeed, many studies show the risks of extended connection and the consequences of overuse of communication technologies on employees’ wellbeing, work/life balance and collective organization. This awareness of the need for effective regulation of the connection led us to conduct this thesis in ergonomic psychology in three phases. First, we focus on connection practices and uses of technologies in a large company through a quantitative study (questionnaire). We then focus on the actual activity and the lived experiences of connection using Explicitation Interviews with employees (Vermersch, 1994). The aim was to get a first-person perspective to define the elements that lead to what might be termed "over-connection" (a connection that is subjectively experienced as too painful or distressing). The third part explored the effects of the creation of a deliberation space (based on forum-theater technics) on the regulation of collective connection.In conclusion, we propose a discussion about the contributions of this thesis to connection at work knowledge and to the forum-theater method effects, about the perspectives of this work and recommendations for limiting over-connection and developing discussion forums in the companies
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39

Zhang, Yi, and 张一. "Identifying risk factors for suicide research and prevention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50533782.

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Research on risk factor for suicidal behaviors has been broadly conducted to enhance knowledge of suicide prevention. However, there are still challenges for risk factor research. Four major research gaps have been identified: (1) uncertain effectiveness of the population approach versus the high-risk approach for suicide prevention; (2) lack of a valid and convenient Chinese-version screening tool for the severity of suicidal ideation among adolescents; (3) demand for testing the prospective associations of risk factors with suicidal ideation using a longitudinal designed population-based sample; and (4) necessity of pathway analysis to explore and confirm how risk factors interact with each other and lead to suicidality. This thesis aims to address these gaps through a combination of five studies. Study 1 introduces an illness and death model to suicide prevention research. Elasticity and sensitivity analyses were performed. The findings revealed that the control of suicide incidence among the healthy population is the most effective prevention strategy whereas treatment of mental illness appears to be the least effective approach to suicide prevention. Study 2 validates the psychometric properties of the Chinese versions of Reynolds’s Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire Junior (SIQ-JR, a short version of the SIQ) in a sample of Hong Kong adolescents. A short, four-item version of the SIQ-JR has been suggested as an alternative to the SIQ and the SIQ-JR. Study 3 identifies the history of psychiatric treatment, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, unstable marital status, poor economic circumstance, and a recent death of a first-degree relative as significant risk factors for the incidence of suicidal ideation. The associations of change in risk factors with the development of suicidal ideation have been tested. There are gender and age differences in the patterns of such associations. Study 4 focuses on psychological factors associated with the first-ever incidence of suicidal ideation. Psychological factors have been detected generally to differ in their associations with the incidence and persistence of suicidality. The idea that depression partially mediates the effect of average life distress on the persistence of suicidal ideation has clinical value. Study 5 introduces and tests a stressor and illness model as a theoretical framework reference for future risk factor research. Risk factors are classified into stressor, illness, and pattern factors. Both the simple and complex models are tested. Evidence supported the proposed mediating role of mental disorders between negative life events and severity of suicidal ideation. A gender-specific pattern of associations between stressors, illness, and severity of suicidal ideation has also been detected. This thesis has made substantial theoretical, psychometric, and empirical contributions to the existing knowledge of suicide research.
published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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40

Riordan, Paul J. "Dental fluorosis diagnosis, epidemiology, risk factors and prevention /." Perth : Health Dept. of Western Australia, Dental Services, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=LO5pAAAAMAAJ.

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41

Mishu, Mahbub Chowdhury. "Pressure ulcer risk assessment and prevention system design." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2015. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/24524/.

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Pressure ulcer (PU, bedsore, ischemia, decubitus ulcer) has become a global healthcare problem. In United Kingdom 412,000 people develop pressure ulcer annually and it costs the National Health Service (NHS) £1.4-£2.1 billion pounds (4% of total NHS budget). Pressure ulcers are a combined result of multiple factors such as prolonged external load applied to the skin, reduced blood flow in tissues, the patient’s physiological parameters (body mass index, age, mobility) and body support surface properties. The aetiology of pressure ulcer formation includes both mechanical and biological properties of skin and soft tissues. In order to prevent PU formation in the human body, a new type of risk predicting tool is required where identification of PU risk is based on combined effect of patient’s physiological parameters and support surface properties. Previous research suggests that interface pressure (IP) of 32 mmHg (4.2kPa) can cause PU but there is no strong evidence to show when that pressure is reached. Also IP varies from person to person due to their physiology. There are three risk assessment scales available to predict the occurrence of PU formation; however, none of these scales take interaction of body support surface material into account. Also they do not provide any information at which area a person is at risk of ulceration. In order to identify the harmful IP, biomechanical behaviour of skin and soft tissue is modelled and interaction of body support surface is studied. A mathematical model has been developed to characterise a new type of body support surface material (viscoelastic) and validated by conducting experiments. The relationship between patient’s physiological parameters and surface material are identified along with risk assessment scales for pressure ulcer prediction by conducting experiments. External load at different bony areas are measured using eleven volunteers. By measuring the external load for eleven subjects (age =33±7) and (BMI =25.0±3.01 kg/m2) at different bony areas, the relationship between IP with the total body weight and BMI was developed. A mathematical model is proposed to predict the risk of PU formation combining the Waterlow risk assessment scale and risk prediction algorithms on a user friendly interface.
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42

Santamaria, Galindo Maria del Carmen. "L'appréhension de la prévention des Risques Psychosociaux : perception des acteurs et des organisations. Une étude des différences culturelles entre les services de santé au travail interentreprises (SSTI) et les servicios de prévention agents (SPA)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30053.

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Il s'agit de comprendre comment les nouveaux intervenants de la prevention des risques en ssti Peuvent se professionnalise dans leur abord des risques psychosociaux. Nous souhaiterions comparer leur pratique a celle des intervenants espagnols pour mieux saisir en quoi les caractéristiques des organisations et la présence ou l'absence d'un travail collectif ainsi que leurs compétences émotionnelles facilitent l'apprentissage de la prévention des risques psychosociaux
We would like to understand how the new preventors in professionnel risks cand develop new abilitys and knowlegde. We would like to compare this french population to the spanish one in order to understand how organisations and existence or not of a team work and emotionnel skills can help those professionnels to learn psychosocial risks prevention
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43

Guindo, Abdoulaye. "Modélisation de l’hétérogénéité spatiale du risque environnemental dans les essais de prévention randomisés contre les maladies transmissibles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0679.

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Dans le contexte des maladies transmissibles (ex. le paludisme, le choléra, etc.), la proximité avec des environnements favorables à la transmission (ex. gîtes larvaires, ou sources de contagion, etc.) influence le risque d’infection, entrainant ainsi une hétérogénéité spatiale de ce risque. Cependant, lors des essais randomisés, ces risques environnementaux ne sont pas totalement observables (ex. gîtes larvaires).L’objectif de cette thèse était de modéliser cette hétérogénéité spatiale du risque environnemental non observé dans un essai de prévention randomisé. Dans une première partie, utilisant une étude de simulations, nous avons montré que la randomisation seule ne permettait pas d’éliminer le biais dû à l’hétérogénéité spatiale du risque environnemental. Nous avons montré que l’approche SPDE (Stochastic Partial Differential Equations) estimé avec la méthode INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace approximations) et modélisant cette hétérogénéité spatiale à travers la localisation des individus par un champ gaussien défini par la covariance de Matèrn, permettait de corriger ce biais.La deuxième partie était axée sur la modélisation de l’hétérogénéité spatiale du risque environnemental dans le contexte d’évènements récurrents. Nous avons réanalysé les données issues deux essais de préventions contre le paludisme au Mali : L’un évaluant l’effet de l’ajout de l’azithromycine à la Chimioprévention du Paludisme Saisonnier (CPS) contre le paludisme chez les enfants de moins 5 ans à Bougouni, l’autre évaluant les moyens de protection contre le paludisme à Bandiagara.Dans la dernière partie, nous avons élaboré un guide d’utilisation du modèle bayésien SPDE avec la méthode INLA
In the context of communicable diseases (e.g. malaria, cholera, etc.), proximity to environments favoring transmission (e.g. breeding sites or sources of contagion, etc.) influences the infection risk, thus causing a spatial heterogeneity of this risk. However, in randomized trials, these environmental aspects are not fully observable (e.g. breeding sites).The aim of this thesis was to model this spatial heterogeneity of environmental risk not observed in a prevention trial.In the first section, using a simulation study, we showed that randomization alone did not eliminate the bias due to the spatial heterogeneity of environmental risk. We showned that the SPDE (Stochastic Partial Differential Equations) approach estimated with the INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace approximations) method and modeling this spatial heterogeneity through the localization of individuals by a Gaussian field defined by the Matèrn covariance, allowed to correct this bias.The second section focused on modeling the spatial heterogeneity of environmental risk in the context of recurrent events. We re-analyzed the data from two malaria prevention trials in Mali: One evaluating the effect of adding azithromycin to Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) against malaria in children under 5 years of age in Bougouni, and the other evaluating the efficacy of malaria protection measures in Bandiagara.In the last section, we have elaborated a user guide for the Bayesian SPDE model with the INLA estimation method
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44

Fletcher, Paula C. "Falls among the elderly, risk factors and prevention strategies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21346.pdf.

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45

Ekman, Anna. "Hips at risk osteoporosis and prevention of hip fractures." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4930-1/.

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46

Henriksson, Benny. "Risk factor love : homosexuality, sexual interaction and HIV-prevention /." Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 1995. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006833499&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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47

Madubuko, Adaku Ngozika. "Stroke Risk Factor Knowledge, Attitude, Prevention Practices, and Stroke." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4973.

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Regardless of the advances that have been made in stroke research and treatment and the overall decrease in stroke mortality, the stroke mortality rate for African Americans is still high at 45.2/100,000 and is still the leading cause of adult disability. Knowledge of the risk factors of stroke is paramount to reducing the morbidity and mortality of stroke, but knowledge of stroke risk factors has been found to be suboptimal in the African American population. The purpose of this study was to examine if there is a relationship between the knowledge, perception, and sources of stroke information of risk factors for stroke. The theoretical framework for this study was knowledge, attitude, and practice model and the health belief model. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was used for this study, and data was obtained through in-person administration of a questionnaire to willing participants in two South District Cook County, Illinois, health centers, two churches, a barber shop, and a beauty shop. A total of 273 respondents that consisted of 42% men (n = 113) and 58% women (n = 160) provided valid responses. Chi-Square test of association showed a statistical significance between source of stroke information and previous stroke/transient ischemic attack at Ï?2 (1) = 29.133, p = 0.001. Multiple regression analysis model showed a statistically significant result of perception and stroke, F (14, 259) = 22.692, p < 0.0005. This study found that stroke education should go beyond traditional medical risk factors to also explore people's perception of preventive practices. This study will contribute to social change by providing support for targeted stroke education not only on knowledge but also perception of preventive practices in the African American population.
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48

Bloodgood, Martha Madden. "High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Young Adults: AIDS Prevention." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277878/.

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The Health Belief Model was used to study HIV/AIDS beliefs of 419, 18 to 24 year old, never married, sexually active, heterosexual college students and predict their AIDS preventive behaviors from a larger sample of 662 college students. The structural properties of the scales used were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Recent preventive behaviors were predicted in a LISREL Structural Equation Modeling analysis.
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49

Rioux, Michael. "La fonction publique face aux maladies multifactorielles." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA2002.

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Dans le cadre professionnel, les maladies professionnelles telles que les troubles musculo-squelettiques et les maladies psychiques constituent la première cause d'entrée dans le régime d'invalidité en France. Leur singularisme se situe dans leur étiologie complexe qui échappe au système d'indemnisation. Ces maladies dont le travail est une cause mais ne peut être avec certitude la cause ne sont quasiment pas prises en charge.Leur réparation se fonde encore principalement sur une loi compromissoire entre patronat et salariés centenaire, sur laquelle se sont empilés des mécanismes réparatoires législatifs et jurisprudentiels, et leur prévention nécessiterait un bouleversement dans le rapport au travail. Dans la fonction publique, cette mauvaise prise en charge n'est pas sans créer des disparités entre agents, selon leur régime statutaire ou la reconnaissance effective de la maladie au service.Le système de réparation actuel qui laisse à la charge de la sécurité sociale des maladies pourtant liées au travail ne peut perdurer. Cependant de nouvelles modalités d'indemnisation ne sont possibles que si le coût est supportable. Or l'inexistence de chiffres permettant d'estimer le nombre de maladies reconnues ou sous-déclarées et de ce fait la part des maladies multifactorielles, rend l'estimation de ce coût impossible.La base de données (année 2008) qui a été constituée dans ce travail permet d'évaluer le nombre d'agents touchés par une maladie multifactorielle et laisse à penser que seule une réparation partielle assortie d'une prévention incitative est susceptible de prendre en charge de manière acceptable et pérenne les maladies multifactorielles dans la fonction publique
In the working environment, multifactorial disorders such as musculoskeletal and mental disorders are the main cause of officially recognized disability in France. Their particularity lies in their complex etiology, which makes claims for compensation difficult. They can be caused in part by working conditions, but other factors are involved, with no single clearly identifiable cause. Their compensation mechanisms are mainly based on hundred-year-old employment arbitration law, to which other legislative and jurisprudential compensation mechanisms have been added. These disorders can only be prevented by a complex shift in attitudes to work and in the perception of proper working conditions. For civil servants, the current system causes disparities between agents, due to differences in their legal status and recognition of the disorder in each department.Under the current system of compensation, the cost of these work-related disorders is covered by social security, which is untenable, but any new form of compensation must be cost-efficient. However, as there are no figures available to estimate the number of recognised occupational disorders and hence the proportion of multifactorial diseases, it is not possible to estimate their cost. From the data collected in this study for the year 2008 it is possible to calculate the number of agents affected by multifactorial diseases. The results indicate that the only long-term and appropriate way to deal with this problem in the civil service is through partial compensation combined with incentives to prevent these disorders
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50

D'Amico, Elizabeth Jean. "Adolescent risk-taking and prevention : development of a new risk skills training program /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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