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Austin, Mathew L. ""FARKLE" or die edgework, risk control, and impression management among BMW motorcycle riders /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1274815247.
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Hok, Sirany Nate Hongkrailert. "Factors related to motorcycle accidents among motorcycle riders in Salaya, Phutthamonthon District, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd375/4737941.pdf.
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ALMEIDA, Eduardo Santana de. "RiDE: The RiSE process for domain engineering." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2056.
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Previous issue date: 2007A reutilização de software o processo de criar sistemas através de artefatos existentes, ao invés de desenvolvê-los do zero é um aspecto chave para melhorias em qualidade e produtividade no desenvolvimento de software. Qualidade pode ser melhorada por reutilizar todas as formas de experiência, incluindo produtos e processos. Por outro lado, a produtividade pode ser aumentada por utilizar experiências existentes. Entretanto, esse processo é mais efetivo quando sistematicamente planejado e gerenciado no contexto de um domínio especifico, onde as aplicações compartilham funcionalidades comuns. Neste cenário, a Engenharia de Domínio a atividade de coletar, organizar e armazenar experiências anteriores na construção de sistemas ou partes de sistemas, de um domínio particular, na forma de artefatos reutilizáveis tem sido vista como um facilitador para obter os benefícios desejados. No entanto, os processos existentes de engenharia de domínio apresentam problemas cruciais, como, por exemplo: eles não cobrem os três passos da engenharia de domínio, a saber, análise do domínio, projeto do domínio e implementação do domínio; além de não definir de forma sistemática as atividades, as sub-atividades, os papéis, as entradas e as saídas de cada passo. Assim, este trabalho define um processo sistemático para realizar a engenharia de domínio, baseado no estado da arte da área, incluindo os passos de análise, projeto e implementação do domínio. Essa definição foi embasada por surveys detalhados sobre reutilização de software e processos de reutilização, cobrindo pesquisas informais, estudos empíricos e relatos de empresas. Esta tese primeiro apresenta os resultados desses surveys e, em seguida, descreve o processo proposto discutindo suas atividades, sub-atividades, entradas, saídas, princípios, guidelines e papéis. Por fim, são discutidos os resultados de um estudo experimental para análise da viabilidade do processo proposto em um projeto de engenharia de domínio
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Ortez, Garay Cristian A. "Risk Evaluation of a Mercury Containment System." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/535.
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A probabilistic risk assessment model using GOLDSIM software was developed to evaluate the uncertainty of selected hydrological and soil parameters on mercury releases from a mercury containment system, which will be constructed within the Environmental Management Waste Management Facility in the Bear Creek Valley at the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. The main objective was to determine the concentrations and risk of exceeding the drinking water standard of mercury in a selected receptor well. A series of simulations were then conducted for various design periods, with emphasis on 10,000 years to determine those concentrations and risks. Experimental data for selected parameters such as dry bulk density, partition coefficient, and porosity and infiltration rate were represented by Probability Density Functions in support of Monte Carlo analyses. A sensitivity analysis showed that concentrations and risk are, for instance, most sensitive to porosity in the unsaturated zone. The simulations suggest that all herein estimates of concentrations and risks of mercury in drinking water should be well below established limits.
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Murray, Jane Katherine. "An epidemiological study of the risk factors associated with falls of horses and riders in the sport of eventing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400243.
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Tarride, Dominique. "Interprétation sismique des marges atlantiques au sud des rides Rio Grande : Walvis." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10564.
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L'etude cinematique de l'atlantique sud et les correlations marge argentine-marge namibienne montrent que le controle de ces marges et la differenciation de leurs bassins pendant les phases drift sont lies a un heritage structural ante divergence. Cet heritage, conjugue aux effets de la divergence atlantique sud, se marque par une anatomie comparable des marges, caracterisee par une structuration antithetique. Les phases cinematiques du pacifique est, de l'atlantique sud et des andes sont comparees. L'accent est mis sur l'interpretation sismique, les marqueurs d'evolution cinematique et l'histoire des bassins rift-drift
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Blum, Brett C., and Brett C. Blum. "Examining the Response of Desert Bighorn Sheep to Backcountry Visitor Use in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness Area." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624149.
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Many prey species exhibit antipredator responses in the presence of humans. These responses may lead in turn to behavioral modification and spatiotemporal avoidance strategies that may have implications for long term population dynamics. Our research was developed to measure the potential effects of backcountry recreation on the behavior and distribution of desert bighorn sheep in the Pusch ridge Wilderness Area (PRWA), Arizona, USA. Human use of the PRWA was quantified across the study site using real time observer field counts and modeled use metrics derived from motion activated trail cameras (n=15) placed on six US Forest Service (USFS) trails. We conducted 113 behavioral observations at multiple spatial scales from February of 2015 through May of 2016 to quantify female bighorn activity budgets and responses to human interaction. Bighorn behavior was characterized in a generalized linear model (GLM) to examine how human use and environmental covariates affect changes in the frequency of behaviors within the bighorn activity budget. Our models indicate that interactions between bighorn and humans are complex. An increase in human activity in the PRWA correlates inversely with bighorn time spent grazing. As a potential trade off bighorn significantly increased the frequency of time bedded. These results suggest that bighorn behavioral responses to human activity may carry costs associated with avoidance, however, behavioral analysis alone is not enough to measure the extent of such costs. This research has management implications where multiple use and high levels of human activity have the potential to negatively influence the behavior of wildlife species.
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Boruvka, Audrey. "Data-driven estimation for Aalen's additive risk model." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/489.
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Arias, Camilo. "Flood risk analysis of the White Oak Creek watershed in Oak Ridge, Tennessee using MIKE SHE and MIKE 11 software." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1310.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the flooding potential of contaminated areas within the White Oak Creek watershed in the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. The watershed was analyzed with an integrated surface and subsurface numerical model based on MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 software. The model was calibrated and validated using five decades of historical data. A series of simulations were conducted to determine the watershed response to 25 year, 100 year and 500 year precipitation forecasts; flooding maps were generated for those events. Predicted flood events were compared to Log Pearson III flood flow frequency values for validation. This investigation also provides an improved understanding of the water fluxes between the surface and subsurface subdomains as they affect flood frequencies. In sum, this study presents crucial information to further assess the environmental risks of potential mobilization of contaminants of concern during extreme precipitation events.
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Taylor, Sarah Louise. "Trace element distributions in ridge flank sediments from the east Pacific Rise, and their use as proxies of past ocean conditions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/65673/.
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The eastern equatorial and tropical Pacific regions are areas of significant carbon fluxes from the atmosphere to the ocean interior. Changes in the function of marine biogeochemical cycles in this region potentially exert an important control on global climate. Understanding controls on and changes to ocean chemistry and circulation in this region is therefore of great importance. Redox sensitive metal distributions in hydrothermal sediments have yet to be exploited effectively as proxies of past ocean conditions. This work presents a 740 ka sediment record from an archived core collected at 14o47’S overlying 1.1 Ma crust on the western flank of the EPR. The metalliferous sedimentation is overprinted by diagenetic mobilisation arising from variations in the sediment redox status of the sediments. Amorphous ferrihydrite phases delivered to the sediment have undergone significant alteration to more stable crystalline forms. Under glacial conditions, the transformation of ferrihydrite appears to be impeded, which is inferred to be a function of a distinct change in the redox status of the sediments under glacial conditions. Oxyanions coprecipitated with Fe and Mn (hydr)oxides from the hydrothermal plume (P, V, U) are partitioned during Fe-oxide alteration. V is preferentially incorporated into goethite and residual phases, locking the plume derived V within the sediment. Sediment P/Fe ratios are lower than overlying plume values, and vary systematically with variations in ferrihydrite transformation to goethite on glacial-interglacial timescales. This transformation is inferred to lead to P loss from the particulate/sediment phase. Uranium is highly enriched in sulphide rich EPR plume particles and the sediments at 14oS. U/Fe ratios indicate there has been enhanced release of U under interglacial conditions, and preservation of plume U/Fe ratios under glacial conditions. Mo/Mn ratios are used to confirm the changes in redox status on glacial-interglacial timescales at this site. There is a general trend over Marine Isotope Stages 1-14 of a deepening of the sediment redox front through interglacial stages with a shallowing at the onset of glaciation. Enhanced sub-oxic conditions associated with glacial conditions (in particular MIS 12) are attributed to enhanced productivity (and carbon export to the seafloor) and decreased bottom water O2 (and therefore reduced ventilation of the deep water). This is consistent with paleoproductivity data from other parts of the Eastern Pacific and adds new information of past conditions in a region which has not been studied.
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Kuhnke, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Horse's laterality: methods of determination, genetic aspects, interaction with human handedness and the influence on horse-rider communication, horse's muscle status, sport success and risk of injury / Sandra Kuhnke." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209135442/34.
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Cowley, Olivia. "The Rise of Uber: Economic Effects of Ride Sharing Services on Taxis and the Implications for the Sharing Economy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1455.
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New companies with business models based on technology-enabled sharing have emerged as the hot topic in technology in recent years. Uber, the sharing-economy’s poster-child, is now the world’s most valuable start-up by far. Lyft, its younger competitor, is seeing year over year growth in the hundreds of percentage points. This growth is coming at the cost of the incumbent taxi industry, and this is what this study sets out to examine. What is the effect of Uber, Lyft, and other ride-sharing services on the taxi industry? My study reveals that there has been an extremely negative effect on taxicabs, and that there are only a few last strands of hope for ways taxis can compete. Based on my study and learning, in final I forecast the ways that the firms in this space can continue to grow and dominate the ride-sharing market, and beyond.
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Ferreira, Cláudia Sofia da Silva. "Factores de risco de eliminação em provas de resistência equestre realizadas em Portugal e Espanha." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5367.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaSegundo a FEI (Federação Equestre Portuguesa) a resistência equestre foi a disciplina equestre com maior crescimento na última década, representando atualmente a segunda modalidade mais praticada em todo o mundo. As provas de resistência equestre pela sua exigência e competitividade crescente podem levar a descompensações metabólicas graves e a lesões locomotoras irreversíveis, razões pelas quais o cavalo é obrigatoriamente monitorizado por uma equipa veterinária, que avalia o estado metabólico e locomotor do cavalo antes, durante e no final da prova. As taxas de eliminação são geralmente elevadas, tendo um estudo recente revelado um total de 46% de eliminações em provas internacionais, representando a presença de claudicação a causa para a eliminação mais elevada (69.2%), seguida da eliminação por causas metabólicas (23.5%). O objetivo deste estudo foi documentar taxas de eliminação e identificar potenciais fatores de risco para a eliminação de cavalos em competições internacionais realizadas em Portugal e Espanha e comparar os resultados com outros estudos epidemiológicos. Foram recolhidas informações de 170 cavalos em oito provas, nomeadamente identificação e historial desportivo, dados registado nos verbetes veterinários e elementos relativos à prova, tais como distância, velocidade e tempos de recuperação para cada fase. A taxa de cavalos eliminados foi de 31,2%, sendo a presença de claudicação a causa mais comum de eliminação com 73,6%, representando as eliminações por alterações metabólicas apenas 9,4% dos distúrbios metabólicos. O número de eliminações em provas anteriores, as alterações nas mucosas, a diminuição da motilidade intestinal e as alterações na avaliação do trote, na segunda metade da prova, foram considerados fatores de risco de eliminação. Este resultado sugere que fatores específicos estão associados a eliminação dos cavalos participantes em provas de resistência equestre, sendo que estes fatores poderão ser úteis na identificação de cavalos com um maior risco de serem eliminados e prevenir assim situações de morbilidade associadas ao esforço exigido neste desporto equestre.
ABSTRACT - Risk factors for elimination in endurance rides in Spain and Portugal - According to the FEI (Fédération Equestre Internationale) endurance riding was the fastest growing equestrian sport in the last decade, representing nowadays the second most popular discipline worldwide. Due to its challenging nature and increasing competivity, endurace competitions can lead to severe metabolic disorders and irreversible musculoskeletal lesions and therefore the metabolic and musculoskeletal status of the horses have to be monitored by a veterinary commission. Elimination rates are usually high, as showed by a recent study that revealed am elimination rate of 46%, being the presence of lameness the main reason for elimination (69.2%)followed by the eliminations for metabolic reasons (23.5%). The purpose of this study was to document the elimination rates and identify the risk factors for elimination in international events in Portugal and Spain and to compare the results with other epidemiological studies. Information of 170 horses taking part in eight international competitions were collected and those included signalement, veterinary cards data and race details. The overall elimination rate was 31.2% with lameness being the most common cause of elimination followed by the eliminations for metabolic reasons, representing 73.6%, and 9.4% respectively. The risk for elimination increased with the number of past eliminations, mucous membranes abnormalities, reduced gut sounds and mild lameness in the second half of the ride. This results suggest that specific factors were associated with elimination of horses from endurance competitions. These factors may be used to help identify horses at higher risk for elimination and prevent morbidity associated with competition.
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Arnoux, Gillean. "Novel Insights into Mass and Energy Transfer and Mid-Ocean Ridges from Seismic Imaging of the East Pacific Rise and Juan de Fuca Ridge." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24532.
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In this dissertation, I use seismic imaging and waveform modeling methods to investigate melt migration processes and the structure of the magma plumbing system beneath the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, respectively. This work begins by studying shallow mantle reflections beneath the EPR. I find the amplitude versus offset and waveform characteristics of the reflections to be consistent with a sub-horizontal dunite channels located up to 20 km off-axis. The depth of the dunite channels correlate with patterns of mantle melt delivery and the predicted base of the thermal lithosphere, suggesting the channels are thermally controlled and may have formed in situ via dissolution by focused flow at the base of the lithosphere. This interpretation is consistent with field observations in ophiolites and numerical modeling of melt-focusing channels. The three-dimensional velocity structure of the Endeavour segment is then investigated to identify how patterns of mantle melt delivery influence the segment-scale distribution of crustal melt and crustal accretion. The results from this study indicate that the mantle magmatic system is skewed relative to the ridge-tracking crustal magmatic system and that this skew exerts primary control on magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal activity at the Endeavour segment. In regions where mantle melt delivery is axis-centered, mantle-derived melts are efficiently transported from the mantle to the crust, resulting in frequent crustal melt replenishment, associated seismogenic cracking, and enhanced crustal melt content that drives vigorous hydrothermal activity. Conversely, sites of off-axis melt delivery are characterized by less efficient vertical melt transport, resulting in infrequent crustal melt injection and hence, reduced crustal melt content and hydrothermal activity. Next, I focus on how along-axis variations in magma replenishment modulate crustal permeability and the intensity of hydrothermal circulation. Using full-waveform inversion, I show that sites of localized magma replenishment to the axial magma lens, along with induced seismogenic cracking, coincide with enhanced permeability. I conclude that the frequency of magma injection governs hydrothermal circulation patterns and heat flux at mid-ocean ridges.
This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished coauthored material.
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Binard, Carole. "Estimation de fonctions de régression : sélection d'estimateurs ridge, étude de la procédure PLS1 et applications à la modélisation de la signature génique du cancer du poumon." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4015.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’estimation d'une fonction de régression fournissant la meilleure relation entredes variables pour lesquelles on possède un certain nombre d’observations. Une première partie portesur une étude par simulation de deux méthodes automatiques de sélection du paramètre de laprocédure d'estimation ridge. D'un point de vue plus théorique, on présente et compare ensuite deuxméthodes de sélection d'un multiparamètre intervenant dans une procédure d'estimation d'unefonction de régression sur l'intervalle [0,1]. Dans une deuxième partie, on étudie la qualité del'estimateur PLS1, d'un point de vue théorique, à travers son risque quadratique et, plus précisément,le terme de variance dans la décomposition biais/variance de ce risque. Enfin, dans une troisièmepartie, une étude statistique sur données réelles est menée afin de mieux comprendre la signaturegénique de cellules cancéreuses à partir de la signature génique des sous-types cellulaires constituantle stroma tumoral associéThis thesis deals with the estimation of a regression function providing the best relationship betweenvariables for which we have some observations. In a first part, we complete a simulation study fortwo automatic selection methods of the ridge parameter. From a more theoretical point of view, wethen present and compare two selection methods of a multiparameter, that is used in an estimationprocedure of a regression function on [0,1]. In a second part, we study the quality of the PLS1estimator through its quadratic risk and, more precisely, the variance term in its bias/variancedecomposition. In a third part, a statistical study is carried out in order to explain the geneticsignature of cancer cells thanks to the genetic signatures of cellular subtypes which compose theassociated tumor stroma
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Dunk, Rachel Margaret. "A geochemical study of ridge flank sediments on the East Pacific Rise & the development of uranium as a tracer of low temperature hydrothermal circulation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418075.
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Hofmarcher, Paul, Stefan Kerbl, Bettina Grün, Michael Sigmund, and Kurt Hornik. "Model Uncertainty and Aggregated Default Probabilities: New Evidence from Austria." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3383/1/Report116.pdf.
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Understanding the determinants of aggregated default probabilities (PDs)
has attracted substantial research over the past decades.
This study addresses two major difficulties in understanding the
determinants of aggregate PDs: Model uncertainty
and multicollinearity among the regressors.
We present Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) as a powerful tool that
overcomes model uncertainty. Furthermore, we supplement BMA with
ridge regression to mitigate multicollinearity.
We apply our approach to an Austrian dataset.
Our findings suggest that factor prices like short term interest
rates and energy prices constitute major drivers of default rates,
while firms' profits reduce the expected number of failures.
Finally, we show that the results of our baseline model are fairly
robust to the choice of the prior model size.Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Pichot, Thibaud. "Les rides de Barracuda et de Tiburon, à l'Est de la subduction des Petites Antilles : origine, évolution et conséquences géodynamiques." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846889.
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Les rides de Barracuda et de Tiburon sont deux reliefs sous-marins situés dans la partie ouest de l'océan Atlantique, là où la lithosphère océanique des plaques Amérique du Nord (NAM) et Amérique du Sud (SAM) est entraînée par subduction sous la plaque Caraïbe, formant l'arc volcanique des Petites Antilles et le prisme d'accrétion de Barbade. Le processus et la période de soulèvement conduisant au relief actuel de ces rides (qui semblent être un marqueur important dans l'histoire géodynamique de la région) sont sujets à débat depuis des décennies.L'interprétation de nouvelles données de sismique réflexion et de bathymétrie multifaisceaux acquises à travers les rides de Barracuda et de Tiburon (campagne Antiplac, 2007 ) a permis de dater les périodes de soulèvements des rides et réaliser des reconstructions paléogéographiques incluant les flux sédimentaires majeurs, depuis le Crétacé jusqu' à l'Actuel.L'analyse structurale révèle des phases de réactivations tardives d'anciennes zones de fractures dans un contexte transpressif, conduisant aux surrections des rides de Tiburon et de Barracuda.Les processus géologiques possibles impliqués dans la formation des rides de Barracuda et de Tiburon coïncident avec les modèles cinématiques récents décrivant les mouvements relatifs entre les plaques NAM et SAM, le long de la limite de plaque diffuse.Ces résultats permettent de mieux définir la limite de plaque entre NAM et SAM. Elle est nécessairement hétérogène exploitant les zones de faiblesses dans la lithosphère que sont les zones de fracture. Au sein de cette limite de plaque la lithosphère serait donc fragmentée.
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Combier, Violaine. "Mid-ocean ridges processes : insights from 3D reflection seismic at the 9°N OSC on the East Pacific Rise, and the Lucky Strike volcano on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GLOB0012.
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Aux dorsales rapides, telle la dorsale Est Pacifique, la nature et la géométrie de la chambre magmatiqe sont relativement bien connues, grâce notamment au fait que des concentrations de magma ont été identiiées dans la croûte à laxe de ces dorsales au moyen de méthodes sismiques depuis la fin des années 1970. En revanche, la nature de la chambre magmatique aux dorsales lentes, telle la dorsale Médio-Atlantique, et moins bien comprise, les méthodes sismiques nayant révélé jusquà une période récente que de rares indicesattestant de la présence de magma dans la croûte. Lors de la campagne océanographique SISMOMAR sur la dorsale Médio-Atlantique en 2005, il a été découvert un réflecteur interprété comme le toit dune chambre magmaique, sous le Volcan Lucky Strike , apportant de nouvelles contraintes sur les processus daccrétion aux dorsles lentes. Une première partie de la thèse concerne loverlapping spreading center (OSC) à 9°N sur la dorsale Est Pacifique. Les processus daccrétion aux dorsales rapides sont souvent considérés comme bidimensionnels, sans variation selon la direction de laxe de la dorsale. Un OSC est une discontinuité non transformante de laxe des dorsales rapides; du fait de la discontinuité, les processus volcaniques et tectoniques deviennent tridimensionnels, fournissant de nouvelles contraintes sur le couplage entre l'alimentation magmatique et la tectonique de la lithosphère. Nous présenterons une étude sur les relations entre les sructures volcaniques et tectoniques du plancher océanique et la géométrie des concentrations en magma dans la croûte. Les données utilisées sont principalement issues de notre nouvelle interprétation des données de sismique réflexion en trois dimensions (3D) acquises lors de la campagne ARAD à lOSC 9°N en 1997. Nous avons produit une carte bathymétrique haute résolution dérivée des données sismiques et une carte en profondeur des lentilles de magma situées au toit de la chambre magmatique. Les principaux résultats de cette étude sont d'une part, la mise en évidence d'un découplage des contraintes entre la croûte supérieure fragile et la croûte inférieure, la lentille de magma agissant comme une zone de découplage efficace; et dautre part, l'identification des facteurs contrôlant la géométrie de la lentille de magma: la position de la source dalimentation sous la lentille, le champ de contraintes ambiant à la profoneur de la lentille, qui est le champ de contraintes régional lié à l'expansion des plaques, et le champde contraintes local dans la croûte supérieure fragile. Une deuxième partie de la thèse concerne le traitement en 3D, puis l'interprétation des données de sismque réflexion acquises sur le Volcan Lucky Strike pendant la campagne SISMOMAR. Notre séquence de traiement en 3D a permis dobtenir un cube de la réflectivité sismique en profondeur sous le volcan. Nous montrerons les principaux résultats qui incluent d'une part, la détermination de la profondeur et de la géométrie du réflecteur présent au toit de la chambre magmatique; d'autre part l'imagerie en profondeur de failles, dont les failles bordières de la vallée axiale et des failles présentes sur le volcan. Les relations spatiales entre la chambre magmatique et les failles suggèrent l'existence d'un refroidissement vigoureux de la chambre magmatique par la circulation hydrothermaleAt fast spreading ridges such as the East Pacific Rise, the nature and geometry of the magma chamber are relatively well constrained, due in part to the fact that melt has been quasi ubiquitously identified in the crust beneath the ridge axis with seismic methods experiments since the end of the 1970s. In contrast, at slow-spreading ridges such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the nature of the magma chamber is less well understood, because until recently, seismic methods revealed little evidence of melt in the crut. During the SISMOMAR scientific cruise in 2005, a seismic reflector interpreted as the roof of a maga chamber was discovered beneath the Lucky Strike Volcano at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, providing new contraints on accretion processes at slow-spreading ridges. The first part of this thesis concerns the overlapping spreading center (OSC) at 9°N on the East-Pacifc Rise. Accretion at fast-spreading ridges is often treated as bi-dimensional, with no variation along the ridge axis. At OSCs, which are non-transform discontinuities of the ridge axis found at fast-spreaing ridges, volcanic and tectonic processes are tri-dimensional (3D). The study of OSCs provides new insights into the coupling between the melt supply and the tectonics of the brittle lithosphere. I will present my study of the relationships between seafloor volcanic and tectonic structures and the geometry of melt concentrations in the crust at the 9°N OSC. My study is based mainly on a new interpretation of 3D reflection seismic data acquired during the 1997 ARAD cruise. I produced a high-resolution bathymtric map derived from the seismics and a map of the melt lens reflectors in depth. The main results inlude firstly, the identification of decoupled stresses between the brittle upper crust and the lower cust, with the melt lens acting as an effective decoupling zone; and secondly, the determination of factors controlling the geometry of the melt lens: the location of the melt source beneath the melt lens, the ambient stress-field at melt lens depth which is the regional stress-field controlled by plate separation, and the brittle upper crust local stress-field. A second part of the thesis concerns the 3D processing and interpretation of the seismic reflection data acquired at the Lucky Strike Volcano during the SISMOMAR cruise. The newly processed data constrain the depth and geometry of the reflector corresponding to the roof of the magma chamber. Faults are also imaged at depth, including the axial valley bounding faults and faults on the volcano itself. The spatial relationships between the magma chamber roof and the faults suggest a vigorous cooling of the magma chamber through hydrothermal circulation
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Blake, Elizabeth Anne. "Community Structure and Biogeography of Mussel Bed Communities at Pacific Hydrothermal Vents: Lau and North Fiji Back-Arc Basins, 32° S---East Pacific Rise, and 38° S---Pacific Antarctic Ridge." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626850.
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CUCCI', GAIA. "A ROLLER-COASTER RIDE: NON NORMATIVE EXPERIENCES AND ROMANTIC COMPETENCE IN ADOLESCENT ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/39100.
Full textAbstract:
Sebbene lo sviluppo di relazioni sentimentali sia un esperienza normativa dell’adolescenza, diversi fattori di rischio connessi ad essa possono sfociare in problemi per l’adattamento e la salute dell’adolescente. L’esperienza sentimentale in adolescenza non può essere considerata come un percorso lineare, ma dovrebbe essere studiata come un percorso dove diversi di fattori interagiscono l’un l’altro, comportando esiti diversi in base a variabili individuali e contestuali. Inoltre, lo sviluppo di relazioni sentimentali è un processo “in divenire”, pertanto possono emergere e coesistere aspetti di incoerenza.
La tesi parte da queste riflessioni, considerando aspetti normativi e atipici dell’esperienza sentimentale in adolescenza. Il lavoro è diviso in due studi principali. Il primo tratta di due esperienze non normative: l’Adolescent Dating Violence (capitolo I) e il Sexting (capitolo II), con l’obiettivo di identificarne i fattori associati. Il secondo studio si focalizza sul costrutto di Competenza Romantica. Il modello skill-based di Competenza Romantica può fornire una cornice teorica utile per la concettualizzazione e la valutazione dell’esperienza romantica considerandone la complessità. Inoltre, una misura specifica di tale costrutto viene descritta e valutata (capitoli III e IV). Infine l’associazione tra Competenza Romantica, Adolescent Dating Violence e Sexting viene indagata preliminarmente (capitolo V).Despite the development of romantic relationships is a normative experience of adolescence, several risk factors connected to the this experience may lead to problems for adolescents’ adjustment and health. The adolescent romantic experience cannot be considered as a linear way, rather it should be studied as a path where an interplay of factors leads to several different outcomes basing on personal and contextual characteristics. Also, the development of the romantic experience is an “in-progress path”, thus inconsistencies may emerge and coexist. The dissertation starts from this reflection, considering both normative and non-normative aspects of the adolescent romantic experience. The work is divided in two main studies. The first one, is focused on two non-normative experiences: Adolescent Dating Violence (chapter I) and Sexting (chapter II). The main aim is to identify factors that can be associated to those phenomena. The second study deals with the construct of Romantic competence and a specific measure to assess it is evaluated. The skill-based model of Romantic competence is a theoretical framework useful to both conceptualize and evaluate the romantic experience considering its complexity (chapter III and IV). Finally the association between Romantic competence, Adolescent Dating Violence and Sexting is preliminarily explored (chapter V).
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Oosthuizen, Jacques De Villiers. "An assessment of the extent of environmental mercury contamination in the vicinity of Thor Chemicals, Cato Ridge, Kwa Zulu-Natal, South Africa and the subsequent health risk communities consuming fish in the area are exposed to." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26935.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental mercury pollution of the Valley of a Thousand Hills area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in particular the river system below the Thor Chemicals mercury recycling plant, has been a topic of heated debate for a number of years. Thor Chemicals was established as a mercury recycling plant in the mid-1980' s and it processed mercury waste imported from various countries. A number of factory workers were subsequently exposed to high levels of mercury vapour causing the death of a worker. Upon investigation it was found that in addition to the occupational exposures of workers, mercury waste had been discharged into the river systems of the Valley of a Thousand Hills. During the 1998 South African Parliamentary session, questions were raised regarding the lack of adequate monitoring and research directed at quantifying human health risks in the region. A number of Government departments were accused of apathy and incompetence in adequately addressing the issue. Fish forms an important part of the diet of the local community living in the Valley of a Thousand Hills. Children, in particular, are frequently observed fishing in the rivers, thus placing these individuals at risk should the fish be contaminated with mercury. The aims of this study were: to determine the extent of environmental mercury pollution of the river system downstream from the Thor Chemicals plant, and to quantify the human health risk associated with fish consumption in the region. Samples of streambed sediment, algae, cattle hair, fish and human hair, were obtained from the study area as well as from a control area upstream from the Thor Chemicals plant. These were analysed to determine the concentration of mercury in each sample. Mercury levels in the study group were compared to mercury levels in the control areas.
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李一成. "Risk analysis for guaranteed minimum benefit life insurance riders." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69053675402314968601.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
風險管理與保險研究所
96
Insurers have investment risks because they issue the guaranteed minimum benefit life insurance riders. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is analyzing the risk for the riders. In the context, we implement numerical PDE solution to compute the ruin probability of separate account which is the probability that guaranteed minimum benefit life insurance riders will lead to financial insolvency under stochastic investment returns. Moreover, we will do sensitivity analyses to discuss the two aspects, market factors and contract designs, how to influence the ruin probability. Finally, we conclude two main results: 1. For market factors, the rate of investment return is negatively related to ruin probability; however, the volatility is positive correlation. 2. For contract designs, the results show negative correlation between ruin probability and insurance fee, withdrawals, and withdrawal period. But the initial account value shows positive correlation.
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Yu, Chang Hsien, and 游昌憲. "The Study On Lifestyle、Serious Leisure And Perception Risk Of Cycle Taiwan Rider." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20234060397026701122.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
體育學系
98
The purpose of this research is to discuss about the differences between the lifestyles of bike cyclists, the serious leisure, and the perceived risks. The participants, 395 people in total, are the bike cyclists who used to travel around the island by bike. The research time is taken from March 25th to May 13th, 2010. The research method administrated to this subject is the questionnaires including four parts: the ICP, the Serious Leisure Trait Scale, the Perceived Risk Trait Scale, and the variables of background. The collected data is analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The results are summarized as below: 1. The bike cyclists traveling around the island are mostly males whose ages are between 21 to 40 years old. 2. The tours of cycling around the island are completed in 6 to 14 days. And most of the tours are completed in one time continuously. 3. The frequency of riding b bike per week affects the degrees of the body risk and the function risk apparently. 4. The more active the lifestyles of bike cyclists cycling around the island tend to be, the more noticeable the characters of the serious leisure will be. 5. The more noticeable the characters of the serious leisure are, the fewer perceived risks cyclists will get. Based on the results above, if the cyclists can gain the knowledge of bikes voluntarily, increase the frequency of daily riding, and realize the pleasures of cycling activities deeply before they cycle around the island, they are definitely able to decrease the chance of the risks when cycling around the island and to experience the unique fascinations of the tour with secure.
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Chiu, Yuta, and 邱昱達. "A Study of Relationship between Recreation Specialization and Perception Risk of Cycle Taiwan Rider." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14129283747661400490.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
觀光事業學系
99
The purpose of this research is to discuss about the differences between the bike cyclists of the recreation specialization, and the perceived risks. The participants are the bike cyclists who used to travel around the island by bike.400 questionnaires were issued, from which 317 valid ones were obtained, a validity returning rate of 79.2%. The collected data is analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The results are summarized as below: 1. The bike cyclists traveling around the island are mostly males whose ages are between 21 to 40 years old. 2. The result showed significant differences on cycle Taiwan rider involvement of recreation specialization, including different gender, whether to join the team, riding frequency, days of cycling around Taiwan. 3. The result showed significant differences on cycle Taiwan rider involvement of perception risk, including different age, monthly income, marital status, frequency of riding, times of cycling around Taiwan, whether to join the fleet of bicycles. 4. Cycling around Taiwan between the recreation specialization and the risk perception of various dimensions showed a significant negative correlation. Based on the results above, if the cyclists can gain the knowledge of bikes voluntarily, increase the frequency of daily riding, and realize the pleasures of cycling activities deeply before they cycle around the island, they are definitely able to decrease the chance of the risks when cycling around the island and to experience the unique fascinations of the tour with secure. Keywords: Cycling around the island, recreation specialization , perceived risks
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Fernandes, Gonçalo Saramago Marchão Silva. "Riders on the storm : a risk preference profiling on investors who rode the subprime financial storm." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23363.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation estimates risk-neutral densities from 3-week contracts on the S&P 500 index in
an attempt to characterize the underlying index in a risk-neutral environment through the statistics
derived from the implied distributions for two samples: pre-subprime-crisis and crisis. The
distributions are estimated using mixture of lognormal densities, generalized beta distribution of
the second kind and lognormal-polynomials. The mean values are similar in the three methods
employed, along with the standard deviation. Moreover, the distributions tend to be negatively
skewed and leptokurtic for both samples.
The constant relative risk aversion coefficient is estimated for both samples assuming the power
utility is well representative of investors’ behavior. The method employed was the mixture of
lognormal distributions under both expected utility (EU) and rank-dependent utility assumptions
(RDEU). The obtained coefficients for the pre-crisis sample were: 2,81 (EU) and 4,41 (RDEU)
while in the crisis sample, the coefficients obtained were: 0,47 (EU) and -1,94 (RDEU). In line
with literature, by applying the real-world transformation (RDEU) to the mixture of lognormal
distribution estimated RND produced distributions with higher mean, lower standard deviation,
less negatively skewed and with lower Kurtosis.Nesta dissertação, estimam-se risk-neutral densities a partir de derivados sobre o índice S&P 500 para dois períodos: pré-crise e crise. Com o objetivo de descrever o impacto da crise do subprime no mercado americano. As distribuições são extraídas usando três métodos diferentes: mistura de distribuições log-normais, distribuição beta generalizada do segundo tipo e lognormal- polinomiais. Da aplicação das três metodologias obtêm-se médias e desvios-padrão semelhantes. As distribuições obtidas tendem a ter skewness negativa e um valor de kurtosis superior a 3. O coeficiente de aversão ao risco é estimado para ambos os períodos assumindo que a função de utilidade representativa é a power utility. O método utilizado foi a mistura de log-normais assumindo Expected utility (EU) e rank-dependent expected utility (RDEU). Os coeficientes estimados foram de 2,81 (EU) e 4,41 (RDEU) para o período pré-crise. Para o período de crise os valores obtidos foram de 0,47 (EU) e -1,94 (RDEU). Finalmente, ao transformar as Riskneutral densities em Real-world densities, obtem-se distribuições com média mais elevada, desvio-padrão mais baixo, skewness menos negativa e kurtosis mais baixa, estando estas conclusões de acordo com o exposto na literatura.
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Kudler, Ondřej. "Rizikový kapitál pro připojištění k životnímu pojištění." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323065.
Full textAbstract:
The risk capital has to be kept by insurance company to cover unexpected looses. In our thesis we focus on different approaches to calculation of risk capital. One part is concentrated on derivation of Solvency I regime, both for life and nonlife insurance. In addition, we characterize riders of life insurance that are avaliable on the Czech market. In next part of our thesis we set up our own model of risk capital calculation. We consider these risks: mortality, expense, lapse and interest rate risk. For numerical calculations we chose accidental death rider, so we included its risk also into our model.
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Sootmaker, Robin Lee Van Nieuwaal, and 羅賓漢. "A Qualitative Study of Professional BMX Street Riders’ Intrinsic Motivation: Exploring Risk Taking, Goal Orientation, and Career Orientation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yyyb95.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
人力資源管理研究所
106
Motivation is complex and personal but an integral part of any work domain. Through qualitative open ended interviews this paper explores individuals unique experiences as professional BMX riders. The paper explores how professionals in a lifestyle sport experience risk taking, goal orientation, and career orientation in relation to their understanding of motivations. The paper uses the definitions of Self-Determination Theory to specifically explore the ideas of competency, relatedness, and autonomy. The findings suggest that these individuals are intrinsically motivated to take risks and set goals while placing little value on objective rewards.
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sheng-wen, Wu, and 吳聲汶. "The Study on the Influence of Communication Media Usage Toward Risk Perceptions of Bicycle Riders of Taipei City Riverside Bicycle Trails." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08152295914014248768.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動與休閒管理研究所
98
The purpose of this study was to discuss the influences of using of communication media toward risk perceptions for bicycle riders. Questionnaire survey and convenience sampling were used in the study. 396 effective samples were collected. The results of this study were: 1.Most riders were males, unmarried, and professional staffs; their average age was 33; their average monthly income was between $17,001~$51,000; 70% of respondents owned bicycles; their riding frequency was less than once a week; their goals of riding was health promotion, and riding companions were mainly friends and colleagues; the frequency of Internet using was the highest; 68% of respondents had searched bike-related information. 2.The degree of attention to bike-related content of riders who owned bicycles were higher than others; riders with different riding frequency showed different degrees of attention to content. 3. Different genders showed different degrees of financial and social risk perception; riders with different occupations showed different of financial risk perception; riders with different average monthly income showed different of financial risk perception; riders with different marital statuses showed different of physical risk perception; riders with or without personal bicycles showed different of financial, psychological, satisfaction and time risk perception; riders with different riding frequencies showed different of financial, psychological, satisfaction and time risk perception. 4.Respondents who never searched information about bicycle showed different degrees of risk perception; the relationship between degree of attention to content and risk perceptions was negative. Therefore, when bicycle safety introduction strategy is planned in the future, it is supposed to adopt different ways of introduction for participants with various characteristics.
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chia-jui, wu, and 吳家瑞. "A Study on Lifestyle, Leisure Involvement, Perceived Risk to Leisure Effect of Huge Heavy Motorbikes Rider in Taiwan. - A Confirmatory Model." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16781198133715824680.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立教育大學
體育學系碩士班
96
The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of lifestyle, leisure involvement, perceived risk, and leisure effect on huge heavy motorbikes rider in Taiwan. The study adopted questionnaire method as the subject. Based on the SPSS 12.0and LISREL8.51package software, the obtained validly data was analyzed by descriptive statistic, confirmatory factor analysis(CFA), one-way RMANOVA, LSD post-hoc comparison method, path analysis, and structural equation modeling(SEM). The results of this study are as follows: 1.The scale of the lifestyle, leisure involvement, perceived risk, and leisure effect was verified by confirmatory factor analysis(CFA). The result showed that all scales passed the overall fit measures and intrinsic good-fit test, so the scales were adoptable for having good reliability and validity. 2.The results showed that among those items of lifestyle, “pressure reducing” was the most important item, the second was “knowledge learning”, the third was “adventure seeking”, the fourth was “social communication”, and the last was “self-conceit”. 3.The results showed that among those items of leisure involvement, “self expression” was the most important item, the second was “important pleasure”, the third was “centrality to lifestyle”. 4. The results showed that among those items of perceived risk“predisposition to anxiety” was the most important item, the second was “vicarious experiences”, and the third was “media presentations”, and the last was “past experiences”. 5. The results showed that among those items of leisure effect, “psychological benfits” was the most important item, the second was “self-actualization ”, the third was “psychological benfits”, and the last was “social benefits”. 6. The result of path analysis showed that except the path of leisure involvement to leisure effect, the relationships of others were positive and direct. 7. The result of structural equation modeling showed that the lifestyle to leisure effect model did not approach the threshold standards, so the hypothetical model was not adoptable.
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Voight, Susan Amy. "Cracked skulls and social liability : relating helmet safety messages to motorcycle riders." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4208.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Grounded theory analysis, informed by a socio-cultural lens, was applied to the narratives of eighteen motorcycle riders in order to understand, from the rider’s perspective, receptivity to warning messages regarding motorcycle helmet use. This study relied upon narrative analysis to identify patterns in communication that surround motorcycle riders’ experiences. Socio-cultural cues identified importance in the process of interest development in motorcycle riding, search for information regarding motorcycle riding, response to danger within the motorcycle riding experience, and attitude toward protection messages. Narratives specific to danger, or experiences of motorcycle accidents were analyzed for comparison with fear appeal theory. Special focus was applied to Terror Management Theory (TMT) and applied to the communication surrounding the real experiences of motorcycle accident and the perceived threat of danger while motorcycle riding. Communication evidencing relational influence was examined for examples of socially constructed interpretation of social identity and an individual rider's perspective of their lifeworld. The analysis revealed evidence of the TMT concept of burying or denying thoughts of danger. The TMT concept of lifeworld influence on behavior was evidenced in riders who did not accept warning messages involving helmet use. Examples of attitude and behavior change where present in two study participants’ narratives that described experience of severe injury and also the death of a friend. The riders cited these occurrences as experiences that inhibited their previous behavior of placing thoughts of motorcycle injury and death in the back of mind. Although small in number, this participant group offered multiple categorizations of rider descriptions. The narratives offered distinction in time of life when riding interest developed. As well, motorcycle training facilities were often noted as a source of communication from which riders obtained influence on their future behaviors. From this information insight was gained to offer suggestions for future research on time of message delivery. Riders who develop interest in riding as adults represent a category on which to focus preliminary educational messages. Individuals who have not yet developed an interest in motorcycle riding may benefit from societal cues that demonstrate safe riding behavior. Future research in mass media appeals focused on motorcycle riders are suggested, as is development of educational programs for delivery to high school audiences.
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Moore, Aerona. "Primitive melt recharge, and magma-mush mixing in the weeks and months preceding the 2005-06 eruption, EPR, 9˚46’N-9˚56’N." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4698.
Full textAbstract:
At fast spreading ridges such as the East Pacific Rise (EPR) volcanic eruptions are predicted to occur on a decadal timescale. Due to the limited ability to observe submarine eruptions, little is known about the magmatic processes occurring in the underlying magma chamber leading up to a volcanic event, including differentiation and magma mixing. The recent 2005-06 eruption at 9˚46’N-9˚56’N along the EPR provides a unique opportunity to gain a better understanding of rates of magma transport and magma replenishment associated with a typical eruption. This study examines the geochemistry of phenocrysts from the 2005-06 eruption in order to determine if they are in equilibrium with their host melt, or if magma mixing occurred prior to eruption. A diffusion model is used to model those crystals which are out of equilibrium with their erupted host to determine timescales of magma mixing. The major and trace element contents of plagioclase and olivine phenocrysts provides evidence for melts both more evolved (> 3.5 wt % MgO) and more primitive (< 8.8 wt % MgO) than those found within the host lava (7.7-8.3 wt % MgO; Goss et al., 2010). Glomerocrysts and resorbed crystals in equilibrium with evolved melts (3.5-6.5 wt % MgO) suggests an origin in a roof mush zone, and were disrupted and entrained into their host melt within days of eruption. Modelling of the zoning profiles of phenocrysts suggest the 2005-06 eruption was likely triggered by an influx of hotter, more primitive melt (~ 9.0 wt % MgO) which was injected into the melt lens a few weeks to months prior to the eruption. With decreasing time before eruption, there is an overall increase in the number of crystals with modelled timescales representing mixing events in the magma chamber. This increase in modelled timescales appears to correlate with the increase in seismic activity recorded prior to the eruption (Tolstoy et al., 2006). This suggests magma mixing events within the underlying magma chamber may be linked to seismic activity at fast spreading ridges.Graduate
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0996
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WU, CHIH-HUNG, and 吳志鴻. "The Correlations of the Risk Perception and Ride Intention：An example of tour bus passengers." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8d79ds.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華科技大學
經營管理研究所
106
The correlations of the Risk Perception and Ride Intention：An example of tour bus. Questionnaire survey was adopted and objective was targeted on the grand Taipei passengers (Taipei，New Taipei City， Keelung). Questionnaire issued a total of in 202， questionnaire in 202， the recovery rate was 100%，effective questionnaire totaling 202， the effective recovery rate was 100％. The date was analyzed by frequency， percentage， mean， independent t-test， one way Anova analysis， Pearson related analysis and Regression. The research conclusions are as follows， 1.Different demographic variables(Sex， Age， Education， Career， Monthly income) on the risk perception except for age and aducation， the rest no notable differences. 2.Different demographic variables(Sex， Age， Education， Career， Monthly income) on the ride intention no notable differences. 3.The relationship between grand Taipei passengers risk perception and ride intention showed positive correlations.
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Ou, Chung-Yang, and 區忠揚. "The influence of climber's characteristics on risk perception─A Case of the National Nengao Cross-ridge Historic Trail." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22390699299538376226.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
觀光學研究所(含碩專班)
95
As the development of mountain climbing in last few years, the number of climbing accidents also increases dramatically. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of climbers’ characteristics on their risk perception. The National Nengao Cross-Ridge Historic Trail is selected as the site of the empirical study. The data is collected through an on-site survey, and various statistical techniques are adopted to test the hypotheses, including descriptive analysis, factor analysis, chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression. Base on the study results, several management implications are suggested. Through the on-site survey, 290 questionnaires are collected during September and November 2006, with 279 questionnaires available. The study results indicate that only locus of control is significantly related to the overall risk perception. In addition, the overall risk perception is significantly affected by three risk items, including “the trail located at high elevations”, “the strong flows of mountain creeks or waterfalls”, and “the risk of falling down from the areas with landslides or falling rocks”. Based on the study results, it is suggested that resource managers should notify the information of the above three risk items to enhance climbers’ risk perception and reduce the climbing accidents.
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Sours-Page, Rachel E. "Magmatic processes at mid-ocean ridges evidence from lavas and melt inclusions from the southeast Indian ridge, the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and the Northern East Pacific Rise /." 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50234287.html.
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Tian, Zhu. "Tracing on-axis diffuse fluids by chalcophile elements distribution in upper oceanic crust at Pito Deep, East Pacific Rise." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7646.
Full textAbstract:
Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems play an important role in the cycling of energy and mass between the solid earth and oceans. The on-axis low-temperature diffuse fluids (temperature lower than ~100 °C) carry ~90% of the on-axis heat fluxes, but diffuse fluids generation is poorly constrained. This study uses the abundance of the chalcophile elements, which form metal-sulphides in the rock record, to test models for diffuse fluids generation. These include mixing between seawater and high-temperature hydrothermal fluids and conductive cooling of high- temperature hydrothermal fluids.
This thesis determined the concentrations of the elements of interest (As, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, and Tl) in geological reference materials using standard addition method in ICP-MS. These values were used to calibrate the analysis of samples from Pito Deep to trace the abundance of these elements within the upper oceanic crust. The results show that the Zn, Cu, As, Ag, Cd, Tl, and Pb are generally depleted in sheeted dikes and enriched in the lava unit and/or the transition zone, which is consistent with previous studies on fast-spreading EPR crust at Hole 504B, Hess Deep and Hole 1256D. The enrichment of these elements in the lava unit and/or the transition zone suggests that cooling high-temperature hydrothermal fluids to form diffuse fluids occurred in this
iii
iv area of the oceanic crust. Molybdenum and Sb are added into all units of the crust by
recharging seawater. The concentrations of chalcophile elements in diffuse fluids were calculated by a mass balance. The results of this study favored a diffuse fluids generation model that involves mixing of seawater and high-temperature hydrothermal fluids. Results also show that the observed concentrations of Mo and Sb requires extra input source besides recharging seawater and oceanic crust, possibly particulates in seawater.Graduate
juliatian2013@gmail.com
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Kirchner, Timo. "Sr behaviour during hydrothermal alteration of oceanic gabbros exposed at Hess Deep : implications for 87SR/86SR compositions as a proxy for fluid-rock interaction." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3314.
Full textAbstract:
Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems are known to extend to deep levels of the oceanic crust, including the plutonic section, but little is known about the timing and nature of fluid-rock interactions at these levels. To investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics of hydrothermal alteration in the lower crust, this study investigates a suite of hydrothermally altered (<5 to >20% hydrous alteration) gabbroic rocks recovered from the Hess Deep Rift, where 1.2 Ma fast-spreading East Pacific Rise crust is well-exposed. These samples were altered to amphibole-dominated assemblages with chlorite-rich samples occurring in a restricted region of the field area. Hornfels, indicative of reheated, previously altered rocks, are clustered in the central part of the field area. The entire sample suite has elevated 87Sr/86Sr (mean: 0.70257±0.00007 (2σ), n=16) with respect to fresh rock (0.7024). Bulk rock 87Sr/86Sr is strongly correlated with percentage of hydrous alteration and weakly correlated with bulk rock Sr content. The distribution of Sr in igneous and metamorphic minerals suggests that greenshist-facies alteration assemblages (chlorite, actinolitic amphibole, albitic plagioclase) lose Sr to the fluid while amphibolite-facies secondary assemblages (secondary hornblende, anorthitic plagioclase) take up Sr. The temperature-dependent mobilization of Sr in hydrothermal systems has implications for the 87Sr/86Sr and ultimately fluid/rock ratio calculations based on the assessed 87Sr/86Sr systematics. Considering Sr behaviour, minimum fluid/rock ratios of ~1 were calculated for the plutonic section. Due to the large uncertainty regarding fluid Sr composition at depth and the sensitivity of fluid/rock ratio calculations on this parameter, a model combining the sheeted dike complex and the plutonic section to one hydrothermal system is introduced, yielding a fluid/rock ratio of 0.5. This value may be more realistic since the fluid composition entering and exiting the sheeted dike complex is better constrained.
The regional distribution of hornfelsed material with elevated 87Sr/86Sr suggests that fluid ingress into the upper plutonics at Hess Deep occurred on-axis in a dynamic interface of a vertically migrating axial magma chamber (AMC) and the base of the hydrothermal system.Graduate