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Books on the topic 'Risque de transition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Archambault, Guy. Le suivi personnalisé des élèves à risque dans leur transition du secondaire au collégial: Rapport de recherche. Cégep Beauce-Appalaches, 1996.

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2

E, Schulenberg John, Maggs Jennifer, and Hurrelmann Klaus, eds. Health risks and developmental transitions during adolescence. Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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3

Mark, Cieslik, and Pollock Gary, eds. Young people in risk society: The restructuring of youth identities and transitions in late modernity. Ashgate, 2002.

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4

San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. City Services Auditor Division. Board of Supervisors: Reviews of department head transitions at seven City departments. Office of the Controller, 2006.

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5

Barford, Anna, and Annabel Beales. Decent work opportunities and challenges in recycling. ILO, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54394/tigh6443.

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Explores the opportunities and challenges in recycling, focusing on decent work. Recycling, a practice dating back millennia, has evolved significantly with industrialization and modern waste management systems. The rise of recycling is driven by unsustainable resource consumption, growing waste generation, environmental concerns, and economic demands for recycled materials. However, barriers such as high costs, inadequate infrastructure, and market volatility hinder progress. The brief highlights the importance of government and enterprise commitments to recycling, as well as the role of inte

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6

Moran, Arik. Kingship and Polity on the Himalayan Borderland. Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462985605.

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Kingship and Polity on the Himalayan Borderland explores the modern transformation of state and society in the Indian Himalaya. Centred on three Rajput led-kingdoms during the transition to British rule (c. 1790-1840) and their interconnected histories, it demonstrates how border making practices engendered a modern reading of ‘tradition’ that informs communal identities to this day. Countering the common depiction of these states as all-male, caste-exclusive entities, it reveals the strong familial base of Rajput polity, wherein women — and regent queens in particular — played a key role alon

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7

Chan, Catherine. The Macanese Diaspora in British Hong Kong. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729253.

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Diaspora transformed the urban terrain of colonial societies, creating polyglot worlds out of neighborhoods, workplaces, recreational clubs and public spheres. It was within these spaces that communities reimagined and reshaped their public identities vis-à-vis emerging government policies and perceptions from other communities. Through a century of Macanese activities in British Hong Kong, this book explores how mixed-race diasporic communities survived within unequal, racialized and biased systems beyond the colonizer-colonized dichotomy. Originating from Portuguese Macau yet living outside

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8

De Gobbi, Maria Sabrina, Stefan Kühn, Guido Heins, and Ziyodakhon Malikova. Demographic change in Europe and Central Asia. ILO, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54394/utfg0314.

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This paper identifies existing labour market challenges associated with ageing in Europe and Central Asia. It presents a general overview and provides ideas to stimulate social dialogue. In 2024, there were 28 persons aged 65 years and above per 100 persons aged 15 to 64 years and this ratio is projected to rise to 43 by 2050. The proportion of older workers (55 years and above) will increase, while the prime-age workforce (25 to 54 years) will decline. This demographic transition is expected to result in a net loss of 10 million workers in the region by 2050. As pension systems increasingly h

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9

Sovacool, Benjamin K. The History and Politics of Energy Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0002.

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According to some definitions, an energy transition refers to the time that elapses between the introduction of a new primary energy source, or prime mover, and its rise to claiming a substantial share of the overall energy market. According to one academic view, energy transitions take an incredibly long time to occur. Another view argues the opposite. It suggests that there have been many transitions at varying scales that have occurred quite quickly—that is, between a few years and a decade or so, or within a single generation. This chapter holds that both sides are partly right, and partly

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10

Murray, Michelle. The Struggle for Recognition in International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878900.001.0001.

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How can established powers manage the peaceful rise of new great powers? With The Struggle for Recognition in International Relations, the author offers a new answer to this perennial question in international relations, arguing that power transitions are principally social phenomena whereby rising powers struggle to obtain recognition of their identity as a great power. At the center of great power identity formation is the acquisition of particular symbolic capabilities—such as battlesheips, aircraft carriers, or nuclear weapons—that are representative of great power status and that allow ri

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11

Newmeyer, Frederick J. American Linguistics in Transition. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843760.001.0001.

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Abstract American Linguistics in Transition is devoted to a major chapter in the history of linguistics in the United States. From the 1930s to the 1960s a form of structural linguistics was dominant in that country. By the end of the 1960s Chomsky’s generative grammar had to a significant extent eclipsed its structuralist antecedents. The book discusses the rise of structuralism in the 1930s, explaining its successes and its limitations. One chapter is devoted to the interplay between American structuralism and European structuralism. Another deals with the early debate between structuralism

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12

Larson, Peter L. Rethinking the Great Transition. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849878.001.0001.

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This case study of two rural parishes in County Durham, England uses a wide range of medieval and early modern sources to offer an alternate view on the economic development involved in the transition from medieval to modern, partly explaining England’s rise to global economic dominance in the seventeenth century. These are an example of agrarian expansion, as coal mining did not come to these parishes until the nineteenth century. Low population, favourable seigneurial administration, and a commercialized society saw the emergence of large farms on the bishopric of Durham soon after the Black

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13

Iliopoulos, John. A Brief History of Cosmology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805175.003.0002.

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We present the evolution of our ideas concerning the history of the Cosmos. They are based on Einstein’s theory of General Relativity in which E.P. Hubble and G. Lemaître brought two fundamental new concepts: the expansion of the Universe and the model of the Big Bang. They form the basic elements of the modern theory of Cosmology. We present very briefly the observational evidence which corroborates this picture based on a vast amount of data, among which the most recent ones come from the Planck mission with a detailed measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. We show t

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14

Croft, Pauline. Robert Cecil and the Transition from Elizabeth to James I. Edited by Malcolm Smuts. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660841.013.4.

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This chapter traces the rise to power of Robert Cecil first earl of Salisbury (1563–1612) from his early years under the supervision of his powerful father, William Cecil Lord Burghley, to his central role in the politics of the late Elizabethan and early Jacobean years. It discusses the rivalry between Cecil and the earl of Essex, Elizabeth’s last favourite, and Cecil’s key role in master-minding the smooth accession of James VI of Scotland as King of England in 1603. Created earl of Salisbury, he was the most powerful of James’ ministers, but he struggled to curb the king’s hopeless extravag

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15

Green and Digital: Managing the Twin Transition toward Sustainable Development (Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Public Policy Conference 2023). Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/bk2024.01.

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The Philippines is undergoing a twin transition, encompassing the interconnected processes of green transformation and digitalization. While this transition presents opportunities, such as promoting positive environmental impact through technology, it also amplifies existing challenges and gives rise to new ones. In 2023, the Philippine Institute for Development Studies dedicated the Ninth Annual Public Policy Conference (APPC) to discussing how green efforts and digitalization intersect. Through a four-part plenary session, international and local experts discuss policy actions and strategies

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16

Green, Jeremy. The Political Economy of the Special Relationship. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691197326.001.0001.

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This book studies how America's global financial power was created and shaped through its special relationship with Britain. The rise of global finance in the latter half of the twentieth century has long been understood as one chapter in a larger story about the postwar growth of the United States. This book challenges this popular narrative. Revealing the Anglo-American origins of financial globalization, the book sheds new light on Britain's hugely significant, but often overlooked, role in remaking international capitalism alongside America. Drawing from new archival research, the book que

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17

Schatz, Sara, and Javier Jesús Gutiérrez-Rexach. Conceptual Structure and Social Change. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400630040.

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Sociopolitical changes are often associated with ideological shifts at the individual and mass level. The study of how sociopolitical and ideological change interrelate has been the subject of debate for decades. Here, however, the authors develop and defend a new theory that treats ideologies as complex cognitive systems that are internally articulated around prioritized principles and values. Focusing on the transition to democracy in Latin America, the book examines the changes in mass beliefs that accompany democratization in an effort to offer a more sophisticated theory of the relationsh

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18

(Editor), Mark Cieslik, and Gary Pollock (Editor), eds. Young People in Risk Society: The Restructuring of Youth Identities and Transitions in Late Modernity. Ashgate Publishing, 2002.

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19

Young People in Risk Society: The Restructuring of Youth Identities and Transitions in Late Modernity. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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20

Blitz, Amy. Contested State. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978728837.

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From the author’s first-hand account of the battle for democracy in the Philippines comes The Contested State, an inquiry into the international causes and consequences of regime change. Regime change tends to occur in waves, from the authoritarian transitions of the 1930s, to the democratic transitions of the late 1980s and 1990s, to the rise of authoritarianism again today. But why? To help answer this increasingly urgent question, the author examines a series of regime transitions in the Philippines over time. The book identifies structural inequality as a root cause of civil conflict, whic

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21

Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar. Unexpected Prosperity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853978.001.0001.

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Only a handful of economies have successfully transitioned from middle to high income in recent decades. One such case is Spain. How did it achieve this feat? Despite its relevance to countries that have yet to complete that transition, this question has attracted only limited attention. As a result, Spain’s development into a prosperous society is a success story largely underreported and often misunderstood. This book turns on their head the questions that usually frame the debate about Spain’s economic development. Instead of asking why Spain’s catching up was delayed, this book asks how it

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22

Stanley, Ben. Populism in Central and Eastern Europe. Edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.6.

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This chapter provides an overview of the ideological character and electoral strengths of populist parties in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe. It argues that the circumstances of democratic transition gave rise both to radical and to centrist populist parties, and that both subtypes have remained distinct and enduring features of the party systems of these countries. However, while populists have played important roles in defining ideological choices, their electoral strengths and role in government should not be overstated. No general rise in populism has occurred over the period of

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23

Macnab, Andrew J., Abdallah Daar, and Christoff Pauw, eds. Health in Transition: Translating developmental origins of health and disease science to improve future health in Africa. African Sun Media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928357759.

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At STIAS, the ‘Health in Transition’ theme includes a programme to address the epidemic rise in the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, coronary heart disease and stroke in Africa. The aim is to advance awareness, research capacity and knowledge translation of science related to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) as a means of preventing NCDs in future generations. Application of DOHaD science is a promising avenue for prevention, as this field is identifying how health and nutrition from conception through the firs

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24

Kahn, Andrew, Mark Lipovetsky, Irina Reyfman, and Stephanie Sandler. The literary field. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663941.003.0023.

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With the transition from amateur societies to professional literary institutions nearing its end, the chapter turns to the so-called thick journals and their role in promoting professionalization of literature, supporting the development of literary movements such as the Natural School, and fostering the rise of mass readership in metropolitan Russia and in the provinces. The chapter also examines how institutions such as censorship, economic factors such as the growing book market, and literary factors such as mature literary criticism informed authorial choices and shaped their identity. A c

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25

Rosh, Joel R., Leo A. Heitlinger, and Walter D. Rosenfeld, eds. AM:STARs: Clinical GI Challenges in the Adolescent, Vol. 27, No. 1. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109382.

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It is now recognized that the prevalence of atopic disorders including (EoE) and immune based conditions such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease are on the rise. This changing epidemiology coupled with advancements in the diagnosis of these conditions have led to greater numbers of adolescents needing treatment. Topics include: Swallowing disorders and eosinophilic esophagitis Celiac and gluten-related disorders Functional GI disorders Advances in inflammatory bowel disease Advances in hepatology Obesity Fad diets, FODMAPS Vitamin D and bone health Gut microbiome and probiotics G

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26

Bates, Robert H. Political Development. Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.2.

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This article traces the trajectory of scholarship in the field of political development, beginning with the rise of what became known as “modernization theory” in the 1960s, which saw political development gain recognition as a subfield of political science. The article cites the works of prominent scholars within the modernization school and associates the birth of the subfield with historical developments spanning World War II and the war in Vietnam. It also discusses the transition from modernization theory to neoclassical political economy, made possible by the emergence of the newly indus

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27

Gallent, Nick. Whose Housing Crisis? Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345312.001.0001.

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England, and especially London, remain in the grip of a housing cost crisis marked by extraordinary ratios between median house prices and workplace earnings. House prices have continued to rise over the last decade despite a stagnation in earnings. At the root of the crisis is the problematic relationship that individuals and economies share with residential property. Housing’s social purpose, as home, is frequently relegated behind its economic function, as asset, able to offer a hedge against weakening pensions or source of investment and equity release for individuals, or guarantee rising

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28

Germano, Roy. How Remittances Prevent Social Unrest. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190862848.003.0003.

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This chapter argues that the flood of remittances to the Mexican countryside has contributed to political and social stability during a string of economic crises over the years. Analyses of survey data collected in Michoacán, Mexico during the 2007–2008 food crisis show that remittances promoted income stability, reduced economic grievances, and reduced citizens’ demand for government-provided welfare. I argue that similar processes may have prevented civil unrest during Mexico’s market transition in the 1990s. Interviews with farmers, townspeople, and government officials suggest that remitta

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29

Cantor, Allison R. Tourism and Maternal Health. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978738362.

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In Tourism and Maternal Health, Allison R. Cantor examines prenatal health in Monteverde, Costa Rica, in the context of a tourism-driven nutrition transition. In today’s fast-paced, globally connected society, even rural regions like the central highlands of Costa Rica can be affected by the rise in chronic noncommunicable diseases.Cantor highlights the connection between these diseases and changes in local food systems. She stresses the key role that culture plays in finding ways to mediate the negative impacts of a changing food environment, and stresses the important role that practice-orie

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30

McCusker, John J., and Russell R. Menard. The Origins of Slavery in the Americas. Edited by Mark M. Smith and Robert L. Paquette. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199227990.013.0013.

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This article offers an overview of the rise of African slavery in English America. Several propositions are useful in ordering the historical record. The most important is that transitions to African slavery in the several colonies of England's emerging empire can be better understood if Britain's Atlantic world is approached as a single if imperfect and fragile labour market, and if variations in the composition of the workforce among colonies and within particular colonial regions over time are approached through a focus on the supply and demand for labour.

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31

Kotzebue, Julia R. Towards Sustainable Transport and Mobility. Perspectives on Travelling and Commuting in Small Island States. Hamburg University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/hup.261.1999.

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Small island states are one of the most affected areas by sea-level rise, and sustainable transport development is crucial to their transition towards resiliency. However, their special spatial situations, insularity, geographic remoteness, small populations, and small economies resulted in high transport costs and car dependencies. The book moves away from the conventional focus on urban areas in the Global North and tourism. It gives a different perspective on sustainable transport, travelling, and commuting in the Caribbean and Europe. The authors provide research-based insights and show th

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32

Reyes-Housholder, Catherine, and Gwynn Thoma. Latin America’s Presidentas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0002.

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Catherine Reyes-Housholder and Gwynn Thomas highlight the unexpected emergence of female presidents and presidential candidates in Latin American politics. They point out that theories explaining the election of female executives globally fail to account for the rise of female presidents in Latin America and argue that the transition to democracy, women’s increasing political experience, the rise of the left, and recent political party crises have provided new opportunities for women in the presidency. However, female presidents must continually manage gendered expectations created from men’s

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33

Abebe, Adem, Sumit Bisarya, Elliot Bulmer, Erin Houlihan, and Thibaut Noel. Annual Review of Constitution-Building: 2019. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2020.67.

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International IDEA’s Annual Review of Constitution-Building provides a retrospective account of constitutional transitions around the world, the issues that drive them, and their implications for national and international politics. This seventh edition covers events in 2019. Because this year marks the end of a decade, the first chapter summarizes a series of discussions International IDEA held with international experts and scholars throughout the year on the evolution of constitution-building over the past 10 years. The edition also includes chapters on challenges with sustaining constituti

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34

Nishizawa, Tamotsu, and Yukihiro Ikeda. From New Liberalism to Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190676681.003.0005.

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The chapter explores the intellectual background of the shift toward neoliberal policymaking in Japan. There existed a variety of New Liberal and neoliberal traditions in the Japanese economic thought, which meant the transition from one welfare regime to the next did not necessarily rest on imported ideas. The chapter describes New Liberalism and social liberalism between the wars and the intellectual basis of the postwar welfare regime (focusing on Fukuda, Ishibashi, and Ueda). It then describes the New Liberalism and neoliberalism in the postwar business world (focusing on Keizai-doyukai, t

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35

Goodman, Nan. { Epilogue }. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190642822.003.0007.

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In drawing on the law of nations, an early modern compilation of writings about war, peace, and the world, the Puritans used literature in the form of generically multifaceted and eclectic discourse to bring the cosmopolis into material being. These imaginative iterations of the Puritans’ experiments with cosmopolitanism constitute the law’s literary past—a past confined not to literary artifacts per se—although the sermons, essays, and correspondence analyzed here provide ample evidence of those—but encompassed by the imaginative enterprise that gives rise to literature in general. The epilog

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36

Ferdinand, Peter. 13. Democracies, Democratization, and Authoritarian Regimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198704386.003.0014.

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This chapter focuses on democracies, democratization, and authoritarian regimes. It first considers the two main approaches to analysing the global rise of democracy over the last thirty years: first, long-term trends of modernization, and more specifically economic development, that create preconditions for democracy and opportunities for democratic entrepreneurs; and second, the sequences of more short-term events and actions of key actors at moments of national crisis that have precipitated a democratic transition — also known as ‘transitology’. The chapter proceeds by discussing the differ

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37

Giesecke, Annette, ed. A Cultural History of Plants in Antiquity. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781474206983.

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A Cultural History of Plants in Antiquity covers the period from 10,000 BCE to 500 CE. The period witnessed the transition from hunter-gatherer subsistence to the practice of agriculture in Mesopotamia and elsewhere, and culminated in the fall of the Roman Empire, the end of the Han Dynasty in China, the rise of Byzantium, and the first flowering of Mayan civilization. Human uses for and understanding of plants drove cultural evolution and were inextricably bound to all aspects of cultural practice. The growth of botanical knowledge was fundamental to the development of agriculture, technology

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38

Higham, Charles F. W., and Nam C. Kim, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Early Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355358.001.0001.

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Southeast Asia is one of the most significant regions in the world for tracing human prehistory over a period of 2 million years. Migrations from the African homeland saw settlement by Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis. Anatomically Modern Humans reached Southeast Asia at least 60,000 years ago to establish a hunter-gatherer tradition, adapting as climatic change saw sea levels fluctuate by over 100 meters. From about 2000 BC, settlement was affected by successive innovations that took place to the north and west. The first rice and millet farmers came by riverine and coastal routes to integr

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Smith, Tony. From “Fortunate Vagueness” to “Democratic Globalism,” 1989–2008. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154923.003.0012.

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This chapter examines the United States' liberal democratic internationalism during the period 1989–2008, with particular emphasis on the evolution of American democracy promotion from what Reinhold Niebuhr called its “fortunate vagueness” to a hard ideology. It begins with a discussion of the neo-Wilsonian ideology that appeared in the “long decade” of the 1990s—a way of thinking characterized by both voluntarism and a pseudoscientific certitude that was absent in liberalism of the earlier periods. In particular, it considers the emergence of a “hard liberal internationalist ideology” that wa

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Chakraborty, Gorky, and Asok Kumar Ray. Land and Dispossession. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792444.003.0014.

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In this postscript the author revisits the place of land in the capitalist development process generally and in late developers such as India. Primitive accumulation has been the modus operandi for reducing surplus labor, by separating the peasants from their land, and a source of agrarian dynamism, leading to the rise of a wage-dependent proletariat. However, in India this process has been shown to be incomplete. In the absence of a classical capitalist transition India’s transformation remains muted with the formation of a persistent petty commodity producer sector. This concluding set of re

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41

Maggi, Mauro, and Paola Orsatti. From Old to New Persian. Edited by Anousha Sedighi and Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198736745.013.2.

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This chapter looks at the evolution of Persian, the only language to be substantially documented in all three periods of Old, Middle, and New Iranian on account of its close association with political centres over the centuries: Old and Middle Persian with the Achaemenids and the Sasanians, New Persian with Islamic powers. The chapter includes two parts, preceded by a survey of research on the three stages of Persian. The first part presents the documentation of Old and Middle Persian, discusses the innovations of Old Persian, and considers the transition from Old to Middle Persian. The second

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42

Sluga, Glenda. The Aftermath of War. Edited by R. J. B. Bosworth. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199594788.013.0005.

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Fascism was conceived amid the disorder associated with the transition from war to peace. The war shaped a predilection for the resort to violence, and disrespect for the practices of civil society and for the rule of law. The diplomatic process that began Paris in 1919, raising hopes among progressives for an international solution to the problems of order and the prospect of permanent peace, ultimately exacerbated post-war disillusion. Some historians have argued that the core elements of fascism as a political ideology were a consequence of the war and arose out of the climate of intensifie

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43

Kolsdorf, Juliane, and Ulrich Müller, eds. Transforming International Cooperation. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748908388.

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The world of international cooperation is in transition. Global power shifts and the rise of populism have made the world multipolar, but not necessarily more multilateral. The traditional North–South aid system is being called into question, while transnational challenges are affecting all countries and require stronger global partnerships. In this context, the graduation of countries from Official Development Assistance (ODA) stands out as a focal topic in connecting current debates. Facilitated by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), this publication sees exper

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44

Su, Fubing, Ran Tao, and Dali L. Yang. Rethinking the Institutional Foundations of China’s Hypergrowth. Edited by Carol Lancaster and Nicolas van de Walle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199845156.013.8.

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This article examines the institutional foundations of the remarkable growth of the Chinese economy, paying particular attention to official incentives, institutional constraints, and local developmentalism. It begins by outlining two approaches that explain the role of local officials as agents of economic growth: the fiscal incentives approach, which views local officials as revenue maximizers; and the fiscal federalism approach, which views officials as promotion maximizers. It then discusses the tournament thesis based on Chinese policy and empirical data before proposing a three-pronged f

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45

Thiele, Jan. Between Cordoba and Nīsābūr. Edited by Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.45.

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This chapter discusses the history of Ashʿarism in the fourth to fifth/tenth to eleventh centuries. Ashʿarism was, besides Māturīdism, the most important school of Sunnikalām. After the decline of Muʿtazilism, it became the predominant theological school, primarily among the adherents of the Shāfiʿite and the Mālikite school of law. There is a wide scholarly consensus that Ashʿarism entered a new phase in the sixth/twelfth century, marked by an increasing influence of Avicennan philosophy, a transition generally associated with the prominent thinker Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī. This chapter focuses o

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Helgen, Erika. Religious Conflict in Brazil. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243352.001.0001.

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This innovative study explores the transition in Brazil from a hegemonically Catholic society to a religiously pluralistic society. The book shows that the rise of religious pluralism was fraught with conflict and violence, as Catholic bishops, priests, and friars organized intense campaigns against Protestantism. These episodes of religious violence were not isolated outbursts of reactionary rage, but rather formed part of a longer process through which religious groups articulated their vision for Brazil's national future. The book begins with a background on Catholic–Protestant relations in

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Sizemore, Michelle. “Changing by Enchantment”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627539.003.0005.

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This chapter transitions to a discussion of “the people” as a nation, contextualizing its analysis within the rise of U.S. nationalism during and after the War of 1812. A work of American travel writing, Washington Irving’s Sketch Book showcases the rites of the Grand Tour, particularly literary pilgrimage, both to demonstrate U.S. competence for political sovereignty and to explore mystical communion between the Old and New World. Through an investigation of the sketch “Rip Van Winkle,” the chapter identifies an innovative mode of historical analysis that opens up an alternate understanding o

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MacGrogan, Donal, José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Bill Chaudhry, José Luis de la Pompa, and Deborah J. Henderson. From cushions to leaflets: morphogenesis of cardiac atrioventricular valves. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0017.

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At the looping stage of heart development, tissue patterning of myocardium and endocardium at the atrioventricular (AV) junction defines a morphogenic field competent to form valves that initially appear as protrusions of proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) called endocardial cushions (ECs) which are cellularized by an endocardial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cellular proliferation results in fusion of the major AV mesenchymal cushions and AV septation, whereas smaller cushions receive a supply from epicardially derived cells. These various sources of mesenchyme precursors give rise

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Ayyar, R. V. Vaidyanatha. The Present Is a Foreign Country (Global Trends). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474943.003.0009.

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This chapter offers an overview of the global trends in education systems driven by the five inter-connected forces: democratization of the society, rise of private education, globalization, advent of new information technologies, and knowledge economy. This overview is offered so that there could be a more nuanced understanding of the gales of creative destruction which spectacularly altered the Indian education landscape. It outlines the consequences of the transition of a higher education system transits from an elite system with low levels of enrolment to a mass system with very high level

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Marovich, Robert M. One of These Mornings. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039102.003.0017.

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This chapter discusses the transition in Chicago gospel music that began before the 1959 Detroit Invasion and continued until the late twentieth century. It first recounts the deaths of Roberta Martin and Mahalia Jackson, considered to be emblematic of the fading of the traditional sound in gospel music. It then looks at gospel groups that extended and broadened their reputation well into the 1980s, including the Christian Tabernacle Concert Choir, the Thompson Community Singers, and the Cosmopolitan Church of Prayer Choir. It also examines the rise of new community choirs in Chicago during th

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